2nd Mini-Workshop on Higgs Factory: Lattice and Detector · 2nd Mini-Workshop on Higgs Factory:...
Transcript of 2nd Mini-Workshop on Higgs Factory: Lattice and Detector · 2nd Mini-Workshop on Higgs Factory:...
2nd Mini-Workshop on Higgs Factory:
Lattice and Detector
UCLA
February 12 and 13, 1998
Organizers:
M. Atac D. Cline A. Garren K. Lee
Transparency Book
Works hop Participants:
ATAC, MUZAFFER Fermilab, MS222 P.O. Box 500 Batavia, IL 60510 [email protected]
CLINE, DAVID B. University of California, Los Angeles Physics & Astronomy Department Box 951547 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547 [email protected]
GARREN, AL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Accelerator & Fusion Research Div. 1 Cyclotron Rd. Berkeley, CA 94720 [email protected]
JOHNSTONE, CAROL Fermilab, MS345 P.O. Box 500 Batavia, IL 60510 [email protected]
Contributed Transparencies:
PARSA, ZOHREH Brookhaven National Laboratory Director's Office, Bldg. 901 A P.O. Box 5000 Upton, NY 11973-5000 [email protected]
LEE, KEVIN University California, Los Angeles Phys. & Astro. Dept. 405 Hilgard Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547 [email protected]
PALMER, ROBERT Brookhaven National Laboratory Director's Office, Bldg. 901 A P.O. Box 5000 Upton, NY 11973-5000 Pa/[email protected]
WAN, WEISHI Fermilab, MS345 P.O. Box 500 Batavia, IL 60510 [email protected]
Table of Contents
Muon Collider - Transverse Cooling, R. Palmer (BNL)· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · I
Scientific Arguments for a Higgs Factory Muon Collider, D. Cline (UCLA)· · · 9
Luminosity Requirement for Higgs Resonance Studies · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 39 at the First Muon Collider, Z. Parsa (BNL)
Higgs Factory Collider Ring Lattice Lattice Studies, A. Garren (UCLA/LBNL)· 48
50 GeV Lattice Studies, C. Johnstone (FNAL)· 61
Tracking Study, W. Wan (FNAL)· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 78
Detector Concept of High Luminosity Muon Colliders, M. Atac (UCLA/FNAL)· 79
R. Palmer (BNL) TRANSVERSE COOLING
• Energy Loss lowers £ .L
• Coulomb Scattering Increases e .L
• At Equilibrium: 14 MeV
tJ.(Eq) - /31. 2/3vLR dE/dx
•Need: - Low Z material (H2 > Li > Be) -Low /31.
• e.g. If Material = Hydrogen/Lithium/Beryllium p = 180 MeV Cooling = 3/4 Max. ( €J. = 4 X €equ) Acceptance= 4 x rms,
()acceptance A I EJ.
=-Xi--a B ~ Eequilib
14 MeV 2r f33 LR dE/dx
:::::::: 0.35n/0.5Li/0.6Be radians
HOW TO GET LOW [31-
• Alternating solenoids
B B---
........................ /'~·············· .. ··
·~ .................. .
Solenoid Linac Hydrogen
• B must alternate to avoid Canonical Ang. Mom. buildup
• Problem is to match between reversals
2
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-- 15 e [J ...... ... ... 10 "' a "'
5
o1.-~o~-1...-'-..J.._~5-1..-1...-1.....J.._1~0-1.._._--L..J.._1~5-1..-1...--L..J.._2~0-1.._lL-L-'-2~5-'
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length (m) FIGURE 4. emittance YB. lencth iD 10 alternating aoleDDid cells; TOP: traDBYerse emit-tance; MIDDLE: longitudinal emittance; and BOTTOM: 6-dimenaional emittance
5
Longi ludinal Emil lance Ex change
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mom (Me~ mom (Me~ mom (Me~
-y._ 'a M~v'fc.
+;.. 1·35 ~
Y- 4·6 t1o.V ~ :l.·6c-
COOLING SYSTEM
•Initial 6D emittance ~ 1.5 10-4 (7rm)3
•Final 6D emittance ~ 1. 7 10-10 (7rm)3
Reduction ~ 106
• 6D emittance reduction/ stage
• Typical length 20 m
• Trans Cool & Long Exch Alternate
Number of stages ~ 20 Total Length ~ 500 m Momentum ~ 180 Me V / c .,, Decay Loss ~ 36 %
• Parameters awaiting Elf- Design S V:S. E. .L
8
Scientific Arguments for a _ Higgs Factory Muon Collider
2Dll Higp Factory Meeting UCLA
February 1998
David Cline
1. Scalar Sector of the Electroweak Theory
2. The ffiggs Boson • Normal and SUSY
3. Concept of a mas Factory II Colllder
4. Recent FJectavweak Data - The 46 p• 11-Colllder.MeeUng
5. CMS LDC Observation of the mgp
· 6. Poalble Time Scale for a Hlgp Factory in the USA
9
Qu Re: ~ ~'"coe'if~ v> \;\ "~ i. o..l. \.\
+
w w
s w.\~~ -;Mt ,..A\
·~...Lt.'"
~ I
--.......~~--....,.""""'~+-:~~f=,,_,,;~~+~l...i :H T f4 F J.{ fU,.) P.,,,yv ,
I - Cf? -H- -~--~ . -. -- J::~-- ------~- -- ------ -
... ·- · ....
-- .... ,, ' / \
. H------: I + K-----\ I ' /
..... __ ,,,,
Figure 5: (a) a.ti call -divergent one- correctioa lK> the I!liggs vacuum-expectation value from a Higgs loop; (b t \U a.tic divera-ce iB ca11cel1 by a Higgsino loop in a supersymmetric theory.
u.·-tf .,.._ -Cs'f~ '~.
1ll\ ls ~\~~,. 4? !
.... l<Mr" ~"11 .,~
VS\f~!
10 2 r(H) IGeVJ
10
I
·I )0
-2 10
.. ---~---···
soo 1000
Figure 2: Total decay wi in eV and ain branching ratios BR(H) of the Standard Model Higgs decay channels, 118ing the inputs of Tab. !!.
15
~J WWI T\\f S't"D'f lfl rt IA' IJ 1 1
iii. BR(h) • • • liP = l.S • • • •
-1 • • • • 10 + - • • • •' .. -' • • • • • • • • • • • • • a,,' • • -2 -2 • • •
10 10 • • • • . . • • • •
I • I. • ... Tt • .3 _, • • lO 10
50 60 '10 IO 90 100 50 100 200 ~ lax> W.!GeV] MA[GeV]
l'ic. Sa
·I 10
' . ' . ' • •
BR(H)
rgl!=l.S
1
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.. ~ ~' ~:
•
~' .. ' '• .. .. ..
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~1.5
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14 ~~~~~~~
r pndta ill die ICllar Mdllf never disco'vered. it will be en nlill to dee · ..,_ piopenila. ..a will ~ irecl illlonwioa abolll die MNre of tbe pmticle ml die undertyin& dleary. 1\ne simple a• JI I I ca be AIM: '
.. S· I I Cw a Hills-like pMicle is disco¥CNd .;di iws 110 GeV. Tliis coald .... be IM~ Modd ($M) Hius or • MSSM Higs. A __. _ol dii W1ddl of die II* w08ld pi umI1b1J 1t11 die diflcrw:&. Ho•cw«. die SM widlll is S MeV - a (ord~tNI tr I antm!
?. S U • a Higs-lib plfticle is discoveRd widl aw of 1ag o,v. 11lis is pi 1 r""'7 ~-die MSSM ......_Nii mild be a NMSSM or a SM Higs. A~ oldie widdl could presumably iaolve die ....
3. SUfJ • a Kgs-a.. ...... ol- 165 GeV is discovered. 11lis is piammbly evea beyoad die NMSSM i1IIia. If• ii • SM llrrgs. ca we len - by die Sllldy of die rww decay modes~
~ fl'\'),, .... ~ ... s-1, >) lrl~l ~It\~ - ~( -~
cl.• ,.., , • ...,~ !,~ ...
)
~ t'\'l?.. I.JM~ ~I, ~L
14(.. i~ kr Table I: Arguments for a Higgs-factoryµ+µ· collider.
- -- ------~
1. The mp\ me .ratio gives coupling 40,000 times greater to the · " -- - .,
Higgs particle. In the SUSY model, one Higgs mb < 120 GcV!! h Cft/' 1 ol."M1,,'t.
2. The low radiation of the beams makes precision energy scans possible.
3. The cost of a "custom" collider ring is a small fraction of the % . 7
µ source. . -- • 4. Feasibility report to Snowmass established that Sf - 1oJ3"."cm·2
s· 1 is feasible.
Tt ~o~, ·~ c.,.,,__.. ~ ~~J~
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400
100
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15
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(J p ~A~ ) - "' W'"' j - I"\'" I - -~ -O''"' >k - -( -~ 0 ""' t .... C"_ '\ - I\ -J --- - -~-~-~- _------- --· -~-~~~~:~=~= -~----:_ r,,'"4"~ -~~ _s~~- --Y'tt-\.i---<9~'-iv ---~:-~~=~- -
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• 1819-11195 LEP I-.- 160 pb-1 ,_ 5 ·lo' zt ... ~, ... ;:.re: s.::., scan o! the Z pea~ i". 19'"~. ~9e5
• No¥ember 1995 LEP 1.5-130-136 GeV _,. - Spb-1 /experirnent
• 1MLEP2 1e1 GeV,,. - 10 pb-l 1eiq:1e1in"M4 112 GeV ,,. - 10 pb-1 / eicperiment
• 1997 183 GeV ,,. "" 55 pb- 1 /experiment
l9IUn of 130-136 GeV =o- - 5 pb-1 I PJ* ilnll 11
om trom SLC I .,+,- on .. z,.. Up'° 1991 .... s .-1, ... .,,~up'°'°""·
om trom AW. I • ~p It 1.1 TeV. Aun IA+l8"" 110 pb- 1.
tf ~(1 ,).tn(~ f'l_~
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18
?
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR PARI'ICLE PHYSICS
!1tPe~& (» ~&\'
A Combination of Preliminary Electroweak Measurements and
Constraints on the Standard Model
The LEP Collaborations• ALEP' DELP,1:11, L31 Of AL, the LEP E~rowe8k jt rEDC-Oroupt- . · and the S Heavy la~ur Group*
Prepared from .Contributions of the LEP and SLD experiments to the 1997 1ummer conferences.
Thia ~ iw-ata a ecmbinatioa al publilhed and preliminary electrowealt resul&a from the four LEP eollaboratiou and the SLD colJ1hnratioo which wett pnpued for the 11197 SUJDJDer ........_. A....- IN deri-S for bldronic: and leplaaic crolHeCtioal, the leplonic forward. be<kwwd ..,..._..., tM T polariMtioD U)'UlllltUiee, the bli and cf pl1tlal widths and forward. be<kwwd ..,._,.. ud dae qll cbarge ll)'lllllletQ'. Tbe major dlupt with "'"'*' to .-ha I* :.! IMt ,_ IN •F ~11.! ,.WU al Au from SLD, and dae IDdllliaa al Ille Int 6-=t __,al Ille W - wt Uiple-pup-boloa couplinp pab 1 a& LEP. Tiie .-1&1 -comPaNd witl: .,.... tlertr-i. -&I from other exiien-. Tiie per-. al dae 51.aDdard Model IN ewlcll.!, Int ming the ecmbined LEP eiedrowtU r 1 ! II, ud tl:m uliDg the full "' al ---- ....ita.
•n.e LEP ~ wll tu. ••F ouibility for lloe ~ dlla ol IMS on...,..._. 'D. Abbueo, J. Alcaru, P. AMilopl, T. BUUe, 8. Benacci, A. Bla.clll, C. llupnl. ll. Clan, P.E.L. Clarb.
s. Oat~ M. Eloirl&. IL Fotdai, D. F-il. M.W. G-...ict, A. Gmta, K. H·- • r, J.B. a-. ILW.L. Jow. P .• J.,..., T. K.-. M. Kobel. E. '-· w. lo!tmenn c. Mlriatti, M. Mom.a, c. Mat-. M.N. Miwd, K. MODiC, P. Mollllr, A. Nippe, S. Ololanski, Clo. P-. M. l'lpe-Altanlli, S. !'Nold. 8. l'ietnJk, G. Quot, D. Reid. P. aa-, J.M . ._, ll. Sekalia, IL Tnclaiai, F. Teaber\, M.A. nm.-, J. T........-- ... , M.F. Tlirw-Ww, H. Weblera, C.P. Wud, D.IL w...i. N.K. Ww, A. Webs.
1N .• ~. E. E-. a. sm ..... D. s •.
20
'&GA"'~~ , .. ,n. -~ ,p ~ (\tf O" ..._,uT'of PRELIMINARY
20r--~~~~~~ .. ~~~~~ • LEP Average .-" ,,
· 18 Standard Model _./ _.,..,,. no Z:WW verte~.. /,... 16 .....
14 :012 Q.
....... 10 }8
6 4 2
v • exchange . .:'/' only .l./ .. ,.
.. :./ : ,1 . , ... . .. . . · ... . .. . .. ...
.. /;/ ... ... . ~ ... ... ... •• •. ... •. •.
" " "
0-----------------------------160 170 180 190 ...Js [GeV]
Fipre 5: .Tbe W·pair croa-19Ction u a function ol tbe c:eDUe ol - -O· Tbe data points are tbe LEP aftRPI. A11o lbow1l ii tbe Standard Model pndkUoa (eolid line), and for comparilon tbe cro9-leCtioD ii' tbe ZWW coupling did no& exilt (dotted liDe), or ii' ODlJ tbe t-cbannel 111 exchange <lillcr&m ........ (dubed line).
21
M~with S~ic St·ndvd ... 1b\al Error P.nor Model
o(mlJ-1 (102) 128.8911 ± 0.090 0.083 128.8911 0.0
a) 1.Ef line-shape and leploa .uymmetries: ... mz (GeV] 91.1867 ± 0.0020 . <•>0.0015 t1.186G o.o
• rz (GeV] 2.4948 ± 0.0025 <•>0.0015 2.41* -0.7 O': [Db] 41.486 ± 0.053 0.062 41.417 0.4 R, 20.775 ± 0.027 0.024 20.751 0.7 Ao.t
F8 0.01 n ± 0.0010 0.0007 o.01a o.t + c:orrela\ioD lll&trix Tab~ 8 . r polarisation: A. 0.1411 ± 0.0064 0.0040 0.1470 -0.t A. 0.1399 ± 0.0073 0.0020 0.1470 -1.0
qq charge uymmetry: 1in21!7' ((Cha)) 0.2322 ± 0.0010 0.0008 0.23152 0.7
mw (GeV] 80.48 ± 0.14 0.05 80.375 0.8
b) s..LO (88]
~ sin2~ (ALR) 0.230M ± 0.00041 0.00014 0.23152 -2.4
c) LEP and SLD Hea!2'. Flamur RI: 0.2170±0.~ 0.0007 0.2158 1.3 ~ 0.1734 ± 0.0048 0.0038 0.1723 0.2 Ao.i. 0.0984 ± 0.0024 0.0010 0.1031 -2.0 A(.~ 0.0741 ± 0.0048 0.0025 0.0736 0.1 FB .Ai. 0.900 ± 0.050 0.031 0.935 -0.7 .Ac 0.650 ± 0.058 0.029 0.668 -0.3 + correlation malrix Table 18
d) pPand vN mw (GeV] (pP lf']) 80.41±0.09 0.07 80.375 0.4 1-~/ml (vN ~'7]) 0.2254 ± 0.0037 0.0023 0.2231 0.f "" IGeV] (Jiii ft8-100]l 175.S ± 5.5 4.2 173.1 0.4
'Iable 29: Summary ol ~ included in the combined ualyaia or Standard Model param-$!ra. Section a) llllDID&ri9el LEP a-.enga. Section b) SLD -ultl (ain2'.f iDcludee ALR and the polariaed leptoa uymmetriel), Section c) the LEP and SLD heavy llavour -ultl and Section d) electroweak measurementl from Jiii colliden and vN scattering; The total erron in column 2 include llle l)'ltematic erron lil\ed in c:olUJDD 3. The determination or the systematic pa.rt of each error is approximate. The Standard Model -u1t1 in column 4 and the pulls (difrerence between measurement and fit in unitl or tbe total measurement error) iD column 5 are derived from tbe Standard Model fit including all data (Table 30, column 4) with the Higa maa treated u a free parameter. <•lTbe systematic erron on mz and rz contain the erron arising &om the uncertainties in the LEP energy
'aaly.
LEP iDdudiac an da&a miep& an da&a
LEP·D mw m.: ud mw .... . .
"" (GeVJ 159+14 15~10 173.1 :l: 6.4
-*ff -II -· ~
ma [GeVJ 13+1• 41~ 115~· ~1 -· log(ma/GeV) i.n=::: 162+o.41 · -UI 2.0I~ -a,(mll 0.121 :l: 0.003 0.120 :l: 0.003 0.120 :t 0.003
,C/d.o.f. 8/9 14/12 17/H . 2n-l1D .. 0.23188 :l: 0.00026 0.23U3 :t 0.00023 0.231112 :t 0.00022
1-m~/ml 0.224& :l: O.<m8 0.2240 :t O.OOOI 0.2231 :t o.ooos mw (GeV) 80.298 :t 0.043 80.329 :I; 0.041 80.375 :l: 0.030
'IabR 30: Results of the &ta to LEP d&&a alone, to all da&a except the direct deUrmination.s or m, ud mw (Tevatron and LEP·ll) and &o an da&a including tbe top quark 111U11 determination. >.. the wuitivity to me ii logarithmic, both ma u well u log(me/GeV) are quoted. The bottom p&rt or the w,ae mu derived results for ain2f!T, 1 - ml/ml and mw. See ten for a diaculsion or theoretical wnn llld included in the errors abooie.
23
6
. 4
2
Excluded
Preliminary
10 102
mH [GeV] Figure 13: ti.x2 = x2 - x2- 111. ma curve. The line ii the result or the &t using all data (last column of Table 30); the band lepl'elll!D\8 AD estimate or the theoretic:al error due to missing higher order conectiooa. The wnical band •hows the 95% CL exclusion limit on ma from the direct search.
' / 24 ..0-
FMC Higgs Physics MSSM: 5 Higgs bosons h0, II', A0, ff'- "&:
lightest MSSM Higgs boson ,~~ m,, ~ 125 Ge v r.~ '\. <'"
"~~~Y~ro~·
Global EW analyses
fjtrr., ?SJ t« (1997)
-. ~ 122!~~<:ev __j_
•' M (OeV) a
Smoking gun for SUSY Higgs
Ge 's: • precisely ootlermine Higgs mass, wi~l:it. and 81Fs • d~ffeTemtialle ~SM frOOJl ~ • fi·Ad and sttdy H", A0
25
Are we sure the Hlggt'li· 'Dgltr I
frt to all electroweak data
• standMI• Me • 11s :u• o.v
........ Sl.ACA£R rneuurement ., - h Ste. MH • ZlO =~= 0.V .\-fK~ 715GeV 95"11.d '])~.
r__;;.-, • r,w-
• CONCLUSIONS:
best estimate tor M H is relatively light
but data net tufty ccmpatlble, so some caution l
·(-- ~ Dec. 1997
26
~··J ~~
~ ~\&)'·'~ . ..,. .. - - - . (A('~
i) &fgs~w (t.L~)·lintM.dl1 ... ~,. ... .. ~,,,(,.,AV/ { :.l:' .. I .
. (Aw ... '*"' & t ? • Pr«islMI E/!I 1a~., ~Arw .. tg'I 1V! <6. ~) ~
(.w&W.it} mN t ••vl (.....,._,) ,,., .. LEPZ .. MAY ,Niii. .. R•AY ''°'·~) &llS'I .. ~$'I.JO (.-.JAV
1M1ts ~JV ~-JI r•w ~-A~~ .41 I, A, N-; 1J ~A..1M
s. 2:f ~-J'.,_,
${q4t/fntl MJ #~ . EllMra ~·MA>V /1'~.1Mtt'1 ~,h,41U0_,.1 J.111.MIJ-10)
~So-'°°°
II • ,1 cc t-F ~ <•1116> N.io llO ~- }E= ~ fe•i6l uzo ~16 9f/S t. ~u• 111.w ~4.11
&!M tUM ... .J,,-s/ i' flml (3'.~nto1r)
27
' -
Q "ft> MM c.l• l!Al4W '"n a a
~ f((s f)(P.I\ n FU,_,"fC. h~ srt&r ctttstc•o oP
t.., . ~ &It ll~
_ ,,oo1: ~;ti ................. Tf" z. • IA•-'
,,. " J .... .,..°3 ''''~ 11" <. • rf A.11 "-' IM Jf _, .-._-. 10C"'"
~ Ff!M • " 'hscn• *• <. ta• .,., . "'~0tl(GP
~) LHt )tl~· 11. J..F w -hi .1 aw~ ~ -•""' ~- ~
28
• estimate ftnll errors Iran l.EP 1 ~ z ..._,.,.... _ flnll
IOITle lmc1nw1m111ta tllplCtld In T polariSalion
wld heavy llawur reeulll
•tor SLD assume 6 sin2~ ..... 00025 (from .00041)
• assume 6Mw -+ 30 MeV (LEP2 + Tevatron) ~~.
(present llTOI' 76 MeV)
• usume 6M, -+ 3 GeV (from 5.5 GeV)
• all quantities at SM valwa lor JI, • 175 GeV. o, • 0.120
Stand. assump.
6Mw ·20MeV
6 sin2B1:/' {AL.R)
•0.00015
6M, •0.5GeV
do- 1 • O.OQ
Pete Renton
MH ~()() GeV • 300 GeV • 500 GeV
300+122 -n 500+199 -143
300+lOI -83 500+1T~ -131
300+111 -83
500+112 -134
+90 500+lt6 300_71 -114 300+141
-101 500+229 -u•
Dec. 1997
I
I \ I I
I 1 •
l • l
to
•
w I l.l L." c. - c ~) J ~"1""' ~l~CI'~ 'PE Ltet1i ,.,,,.,\
I
too .• .• ,. fflll PSIS (M)
1 ne cry:>ldt ca1or1me\c1 '"-as d:>:>ume~ tu n•' t ct.n ene-rg) rt-.o&i..ltOft g1ve-n oy AE/E = 2"fo/ ,ff. $ O.S"fo $ 0.200/E in the barttl and 6£/E • 5%/ ,ff. e Q.5't'oe 0.2!00/E ill lftt tndcap. whne there is • preshower detector. At high' luminosity, a barrel pre-shower de'*'"' coven t 11 I c U. RSUlting in a resolution of 6E/E • 5"fo/ ,ff. e O.S'X.e 0.200/E and an ability to measure the~ d · · teSOlullon l!>a = 40 mrad/ ,ff. in this region. For more dewls concerning both the and the breakdown of the mass resolution, see Sect. 4.1.
11w background to the H -o Tt signal may be divided into thrtt ca • prompt diphoton production from quark annihilation and gluon
irreducible background, ,. • prompt diphoton production from significant higher-order diagrams - pri..,.rily bttmsstrah}ung
from the outgoing quark line in the QCD Compton diagram. • background from jets, where an electromagnetic energy deposit originates from the decay ol "' neutral hlldrons in a jet cw from 1 jet + I prompt photon. 11w prompt diphoton background was generated using CTEQ2L structure functions in PYTHIA. For
the bttmsstrahlung background, a previous PYTHIA calculation for ..fS • 16 TeV, """r • 150 GeV, and HMRSll structure functions, was rescaled to take - ol the nrw parameters. 11w RSUltiric crou-sectians are giwn in Table 12.1. It i5 usu~ that tt. jet bacqround i5 redunocl to an insipilicant level (< lll'!I.) by the COlllN oalioo 1 o# iso&atioft alld r' ltja:liwi aib.
figllft 12.3 show1 a~ t.o phk•I\ effodiw lNSI plot for a 1imulated single nperiment, for an inlrgraled ......._., ol lo' pti-1 (t.Vai al hip luminosity) with signals at mH • 90, 110. ))() and 150 v. . . .
~ l ...
llO 100 120 140 rn,. (GeV)
. 12.3: Background-subtracted 2y1NS1 plot for 10S pb-1 with signals at mH • 90, 110, llO and
150GeV. in the PbW04cal""-.
01 N 1.1-3?
llO 100 120 140 rn,. (Ge¥)
Figures 12.5 and 12.6 show contoun giving the ~ times branching ratio required to give specified signal signilicances{Ns I ~N1 ). as a function ol mass. 11w significances were calculated by counting events within a mass window of optimum width, corresponding to the width containing about 75'%. of the sigNI- Alter a single year of running at 1034 cm-2s-I (Id! r,-1, Fig. 12.5), an SM Higgs could be discovered across the lull range 85 to ISO GeV. Alter only 3 x 104 pb- (fig. 12.6), taken at low luminosity, an SM Higgs could be discovered between 95 and ISO GeV.
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uniquely suited to this task
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PHYSICAL Rt:VltW D VOl.llMt: 15, l'IUlllDER 1
Natwal ct1n11natioel laws for neutral curr~ Sheldon L. Glashow and Steven Weinber1
L,_• ,_._...., ef ,,.,.,.._ H•-rcl tl•l,.nl1y. Cambrld,.. U-01r111 011 JI (Received 20 A•fUll 1976)
I APlllL 1917
We explore tM cor1 B" nteft of the wu-.,rt• thal the direct and tnd_,., weal: ftfttral cunt:1tt1 ht an SU(21® U(ll - ,_,, ,,_ oll -•k llo•an •••••ally, i.e., for oll ,..._ .,r the p11rometcn or the 1"-J. Thia ....... tllol Ill -b or 1 ....... char,. and ... !icily "'"" have tloo - vol- ol weal T1 and T'. troll_.. .... - .. +213 °' -113 th< only occertable •'-'* - tit< ·..-ro1" llllCI "pure vec:1or•• ....... • thdr ,e:Mrlliutk>M to li11. (M' moft quark1. In mddition. then an wvwe con11r1int1 on Utt :a ol H. ~ ,.Mc• •Pl"'milly cannot ho tatillled in l;j" vect"' -·••· Ai llAI COiilidlr rite 1a1 ::a ca: mu ca:s :c u et £1 Mi c::z::::. :a:a:u: a:c::.Q&rt .-1o11hi. ..... ii detrcribed. Tiie ~I COftleqMence1 of charm noncomerqtiofl hi dinet ., incttlCllll amtnif nnents are found lo be ...,ite dro1Mtic.
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Table Ill. Possible scheme for a Higgs-factoryµ+µ· collider.
- 2003: Stan construction of µ:t source. J m C.11 C "-"
- 2006: First observation of h6 in CMS (A 11.Atliff J . - 2007: Design final collider; start construction. t
• a
- 2009: Higgs factory operates; scan for ho.
- 2010: - 1 OS ho in direct channel.
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Luminosity Requirement for Higgs Resonance studies
At The First Muon Collider*
Zohreh Parsa
Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
For the "2nd Mini - Workshop on Higgs Factory" UCLA Faculty Center, Los Angelas, California
Februatry 112-13, 1997
Abstract. The results of our Higgs resonance studies at the first Muon collider for the on-resonance goal of Lave ~ 5 x 1030cm-2 and Lave ~ 5 x 1031cm-2 is given. Our analysis indicates that Lave '.::= 5 x 1030cm-2 is too low and at least an additional order of magnitude increase in luminosity is needed. We investigated [4, 7] the effect of beam polarization on Higgs resonance signals and backgrounds (bb, TT, cc), an-gular distributions (forward-backward charge asymmetries) and the resulting effective enhancement of the Higgs signal relative to the background, as well as the reduction in scan time required for Higgs "discovery".
•If the Higgs boson has a mass ;S 160 GeV (i.e. below the w+w-decay threshold), it will have a very narrow width and can be resonantly studied in the s-channel via µ-µ+ --+ H production at the First Muon Collider (FMC) [1,2]. A strategy for "light" Higgs physics studies would be to first find the Higgs particle at LEPII, the Tevatron, or the LHC and then thoroughly scrutinize
-l Supported by U.S. Department of Energy contract number DE-AC02-76CH00016.
39
its properties on resonance at the FMC. There, one would hope to precisely determine the Higgs mass, width, and primary decay rates [3].
•The FMC Higgs resonance program would entail two stages: 1) "Discovery" via an energy scan which pinpoints the precise res-onance position and (perhaps) determines its width. Since pre-FMC efforts may only determine the Higgs mass to ~ ±0.2-1 GeV and its width is expected to be narrow 0(1~ 30 MeV) for mH ;S 160 GeV, the resonance scan may be very time consum-ing [3]. 2) Precision measurements of the primary Higgs decay modes. Deviations from standard model expectations could point to additional Higgs structure or elucidate the framework of su-persymmetry [3].
• The Higgs resonance "discovery" capability and scan time will depend on N s / VNB (the scan time is proportional to NB/ N'j;), where Ns is the Higgs signal and NB is the expected background. The precision measurement sensitivity will be determined by Ns/VNB + Ns. For both, it will be extremely important to en-hance the signal and suppress backgrounds as much as possible. To that end, one should employ highly resolvedµ+µ- beams with a very small energy spread. The proposed /::;.E / E ~ 3 x 10-5 is well matched to the narrow Higgs width. It allows Ns/NB ~ 0(1) for the primary H -+ bb mode (see Table 1 and 2). Unfortu-nately, high resolution is accompanied by luminosity loss. The original on-resonance goal of Lave ~ 5 x 1030cm-2s-1 is too low. Hence, we have assumed in Table 2 and throughout this paper that an additional order of magnitude increase in luminosity to 5x1031cm-2s-1 is attainable while maintaining outstanding beam resolution.
• For example, a factor of 10 increase in Luminosity (Table 2) re-duces the running (scan) time by factor 10 less. Thus instead of a "3 year" running time, it will be reduced to (i30 year) over "3 months" .
40
Z. Parsa - Luminosity Requirement for Higgs Resonance studies at the FMC
•Expectations for mH = 110 GeV are illustrated in Table 1 for luminosity Lave ~ 5 x 1030cm-2s-1 and in Table 2 for luminosity Lave ~ 5 X 1031cm-2s-1 .
TABLE 1. Expected signals and backgrounds (fully in-tegrated) for a standard model Higgs with mH = 110 GeV, rH ~ 3 MeV. Muon collider resonance condi-tions with no polarization, l:lE / E ~ 3 x 10-5, and L = 0.05 fb- 1 are assumed. The total number of Higgs scalars produced is ~ 3000. Realistic efficiency and acceptance cuts are likely to dilute signal and backgrounds for bb and cc by a 0.5 factor. H-> Ns (events) NB (events) ±,,/Ns + NB/Ns
bb 2400 2520 ±0.03
cc 120
2416 ±0.42
rf
270 945
±0.13
TABLE 2. Expected signals and backgrounds (fully in-tegrated) for a standard model Higgs with mH = 110 GeV, rH ~ 3 MeV. Muon collider resonance condi-tions with no polarization, l:lE / E ~ 3 x 10-5, and L = 0.5 fb- 1 are assumed. The total number of Higgs scalars produced is ~ 30, 000. Realistic efficiency and acceptance cuts are likely to dilute signal and back-grounds for bb and cc by a 0.5 factor. H-> Ns (events) NB (events) ±JNs+NB/Ns
bb 24,000 25,200 ±0.009
cc 1,200 24, 160 ±0.13
rf
2, 700 9,450 ±0.04
• In these tables cc branching ratios have been reduced compared to those given previously [4,7]. The values given here assume smaller charm quark mass. The prediction is quite sensitive to the mass value assumed. The selection of the energy and luminosity depends on 1) the reduced scan time to normal time needed, and 2) to improve precision to do physics. For example, to measure cc, a factor of 10 increase in luminosity results in the improvement from 42%,
41
0.8
0.6
0.4
"' "" <x:: 0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8 80 100 120 140
JS (GeV)
FIGURE 1- Forward-backward asymmetry for µ-µ+ -+ ff.
(Table 1) to about 13% (Table 2)-0ther decays such as WW* and Z Z* are very small for this mass regions and to measure them need to improve precision. The parameter ±.JNs + Ns/Ns in Tables 1 and 2 was included for convenient. Further note, the values listed in Tables 1 and 2 should be reduced by -Tz to include the effect of acceptance.
• Here we describe additional ways of potentially enhancing the Higgs signal to background ratio. The Higgs signal µ-µ+ -+ H-+ ff results from left-left (LL) or right-right (RR) beam po-larizations and leads to an isotropic (i.e. constant) ff signal in cos(} (the angle between theµ- and f). Standard model back-grounds µ-µ+ -+ 'Y* or Z* -+ ff result from LR or RL initial state polarizations .and give rise to (1 + cos2 (} + ~AFB cos(}) an-gular distributions. Similar statements apply to WW* and Z Z* final states, but those modes will not be discussed here.
•To illustrate the difference between signal, µ-µ+ -+ H -+ ff,
42
Z. Parsa - Luminosity Requirement for Higgs Resonance studies at the FMC
and background, µ-µ+ --+ 1* or Z* --+ f J, we give the combined differential production rate with respect to x = cos e = 4pµ- ·pr/ s for polarized muon beams and fixed luminosity
dN(µ-~+--+ ff)= ~Ns(l + P+P-) (1) x 2
+ ~NB[l - P+P- + (P+ - P_)ALR](l + x 2 + ~xAeJJ)· P+(P-) is theµ+(µ-) polarization with P = -1 pure left-handed, P = + 1 pure right handed, and P = 0 unpolarized. Ns is the fully integrated ( -1 < x < 1) Higgs signal and NB the integrated background for the case of unpolarized beams, P+ = P_ = 0. In that general expression,
A _ CYLR-+LR + CYLR-+RL - CYRL-+RL - CYRL-+LR
LR= , CYLR-+LR + CYLR-+RL + CYRL-+RL + CYRL-+LR
(2)
where, for example, LR --+ LR stands for µ£µ~ --+ fLfR· effective forward-backward asymmetry is given by
The
A _ AFB+ PejJAfR
eff -1 + PejfALR '
(3)
with P+ -P_
Peff = 1 - P+P-' (4) AFB = ~ O'LR-+LR + O'RL-+RL - CYLR-+RL - CYRL-+LR' (5)
4 CYLR-+LR + CYRL-+RL + O'LR-+RL + O'RL-+LR Af~ = 3 CYLR-+LR + CYRL-+LR - O'LR-+RL - O'RL-+RL (6)
4 CYLR-+LR + CYRL-+LR + CYLR-+RL + CYRL-+RL
and the µi µj --+ fi' fi·, cross sections ( i i- j) are to lowest order
( ~') [ s ( (T3µi-Qµsin2Bw)(T31,,-Q1sin2Bw))]2
CYij-+i'j' = JVC ao 1 - -2 1 + Q Q . 2 ll 2 ll , m z µ f sm uw cos vw
T3µL = T3TL = T3bL = -T3CL = -1/2, (7) 3
T3fR = 0, Qµ =QT= 3Qb = -2Qc = -1 (Ne= 3 for f = b,c).
43
b
0.4 c
"' ..J 0.2 <l'.'.
0.0
-0.2
-0.4 80 100 120 140
.SS (GeV)
FIGURE 2. Left-right asymmetry forµ-µ+-+ ff.
Realistic cuts, efficiencies, systematic errors etc, will not be con-sidered. They are likely to dilute the bb and cc event rates by a factor of 0.5. In addition, we ignore the radiative Z production tail under the assumption such events are vetoed.
•The (unpolarized) forward-backward asymmetries are illustrated in Fig. 1. Note that AFB is large (near maximal) for TT and cc in the region of interest. As we shall see, that feature can help in discriminating signal from background.
• In principle, large polarization in both beams can be important for enhancing "discovery" and precision measurement sensitivity for the Higgs. From Eq. (1), we find for fixed luminosity that N s / ..JNB is enhanced (for integrated signal and background) by the factor
KpoJ= V ' 1- P+P- + (P+ - P_)ALR (8)
where the ALR are shown in Fig. 2. That result generalizes the
44
Z. Parsa - Luminosity Requirement for Higgs Resonance studies at the FMC
P+ = P_ case [5). For natural beam polarization [1), P+ = P_ = 0.2 (assuming spin rotation of one beam), the enhancement factor is only 1.06. For larger polarization, P+ = P_ = 0.5, one obtains a 1.44 enhancement factor (statistically equivalent to about a fac-tor of 2 luminosity increase). Similarly, P+ = p_ = 0.7 leads to a factor of 2 enhancement or equivalently a factor of 4 scan time reduction. Unfortunately, obtaining even 0.5 polarization simply by muon energy cuts reduces each beam intensity [1) by a factor of 1/4, resulting in a luminosity reduction by 1/16. Such a trade-off is clearly unacceptable, Polarization will be a useful tool in Higgs resonance "discovery" and studies only if high polarization is achievable with little luminosity loss. Ideas for increasing the polarization are still being explored [1,6]. Tau final state polariza-tions can also be used to help improve the H --t Tf measurement.
• Some "discovery" or sensitivity enhancement can also be obtained from angular discrimination. A proper study would include de-tector acceptance cuts and maximum likelihood fits. Here, we wish to only approximate the gain. For that purpose, we assume perfect (infinitesimal) binning and obtain a (maximal) measure-ment sensitivity enhancement factor
1 [ dx ] 1
/2
'2(1 + P+P-)JNs +NB f dN/dx , (9)
which becomes, from Equations (1) and (8),
(10)
• In the case of "discovery", high polarization and/ or a near max-imal forward-backward asymmetry can significantly reduce the scan time. Additional analysis and detail will be given in [7].
45
Conclusion
We conclude that .Cave c:;: 5 x 1030cm-2 is too low and at least an additional order of magnitude increase in luminosity is needed for the Higgs resonance studies at the First Muon Collider. A factor of 10 in luminosity reduces the scan time by a factor of 10 and increases the resolution by about a factor of 3. The choice of energy and luminosity depends on 1) the scan time needed and 2) how precise a measurement is needed to do physics. For example, to measure cc, a factor of_lO increase in luminosity provides the improvement from 42% , (Table 1) to about 13% (Table 2), and reduces the scan time from 3 years to over 3 months. Other decays such as WW* and Z Z* are very small for this mass regions and to measure them need to improve precision, thus the need for increase in Luminosity, etc.
We have shown that polarization is potentially useful for Higgs resonance studies, but only if the accompanying luminosity re-duction is not significant. Large forward-backward asymmetries can also be used to enhance the Higgs "discovery" signal or im-prove precision measurements, particularly for rf. However, to make the s-channel Higgs "factory" a compelling facility, we must attain a very good beam resolution and the highest luminosity possible. An additional "discovery" or sensitivity enhancement can be obtained from angular discrimination. For additional dis-cussion see [7].
REFERENCES
1. Muon Collider Feasibility Study, BNL Report BNL-52503 (1996). 2. Cline, D., "The Problems and Physics Prospects for a µ+ µ- Collider", in Future
High Energy Colliders, edited by Z. Parsa, AIP Conference Proceedings 397, 1997, pp. 203-218.
3. Barger, V., Berger, M.S., Gunion, J.F., and Han, T., "The Physics Capabilities of µ+µ- Colliders'', in Future High Energy Colliders, edited by Z. Parsa, AIP Conference Proceedings 397, 1997, pp. 219-233; Phys. Rep. 286, 1-51 (1997); Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1462-1465 (1995).
46
Z. Parsa - Luminosity Requirement for Higgs Resonance studies at the FMC
4. Kamal, B., Marciano, W., Parsa, Z., BNL Report BNL-65193 (1997), hep-ph/9712270.
5. Parsa, z., µ,+ µ,- Collider and Physics Possibilities (1993) (unpublished). 6. Skrinsky, A., Presentation, Dec 1997. 7. Kamal, B., Marciano, W., Parsa, Z., to be published.
47
HIGGS FACTORY COLLIDER RING LATTICE STUDIES
Al Garren
MUMU97
December 11, 1997
Designs for a 50 GeV coltider ring lattice are progressing well, but have not yet converged.
This talk, and the next ones by Carol Johnstones and Bill Ng, are about the current s~atus of this work - which has been done mainly by Carol, Dejan Trbojevic and myself.
We have had essential help and input f.rom:
Weishi Wan - tracking runs with COSY
A. Drozdin - designs for halo scraping and injection
I. Stumer and N. Mokhov - shielding studies and designs
Bill Ng and Ernest Courant for lattice contributions
Juan Gallardo and Martin Berz for helpful! advice
48
Two lattices
Currently there are two lattice designs, one by Trbojevic and one by Johnstone and myseH. For this talk, I will designate them by authors initials = T for Trbojevic's and JG for Johnstone-Garren's .
• These rings have both similarities and differences:
Both use the same approach for sextupole correction ..
The designs of the Interaction Region, which contains the collision point (IP) and the low-beta quadrupoles, are similar but not identical.
The designs of the Chromatic Correction Section are also similar.
The modufes that provide bending and give the ring zero momentum compaction are different m both design and number.
The matching sections between the regions differ.
The JG lattice contains a long strafgl'lt section for scraping and k'ljection, has zero momentum compaction the ring closes geometrically.
The T lattice is incomplete; therefor it does not close and has no provision for injection and scraping.
The T lattice has more arc modules, which give it more tuning range and possibly larger dynamic aperture.
49
The JG lattlce
I will give an overview of the lattice. In the next talk. more of the design and performance, especially of the interaction regioo and chromatic correction section will be given. ·
The onty symmetry in this ring is bilateral reflection. The first three figures show a beta fll'ldion plot of 1he ful and hal rings and a purely lattice schematic that shows the sbc component parts of each haH ring.
Foffowing these are six plots of each lattice component.
50
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50 Ge V Lattice Studies
Feb 12-13, 1998
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61
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65
"MAD" Veroion: 8.17 Run: 11/02/98 12.53.53
Linear lattice tunction• toe beam line: ~ING 11&n11e: U/H
deltalpl/p • 0.000000 •ynwn • p P"ll• 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~--~.
ELEMENT SEQUENCE I H 0 R I Z 0 N T A L I V E R T I C A L
pos. element occ. dist I betax alfax mux x(co) px(co) Ox Dpx I betay alfay muy ylco) py(co) Dy Dpy
Ill no. name
begin RING
end RING
total length
delta Isl
alfa
gamma(trl
~
no.
• =
=
[ml I
l 0.000
1 258.183
258.183281
0.000000
(ml (ll (2pil (nnl [ .0011 !ml ( l l I
0.0,0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
o.o,o 0.000 4.335 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Qx 4.334774
mm Qx' = -71. 0930"
0. 311073E-Ol betaxlmax) = 1331.,06875
5.669815 Dx(maxl • 3. 625188
Dx(r.m.a.) • 2.192494
xco{max) • 0.000000
xco (r .m.s.) 0.000000
(ml Ill (2pil (111111 (.0011 [ml
0.040 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.040 0.000 3.372 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Qy • 3.371945
Qy' • -84 .262402
betay(maxl • 1651.124623
Dy(maxl • 0.000000
Dylr.a.o.) • 0.000000
yco(aaxl • 0.000000
yco(r .m.a.) • 0.000000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Survey of beam line: RING
ELEMENT
pos. element occ.
no. name no.
begin KING
end !'.ING
1
1
SEQUENCE
swn(L) arc
[m) [ml
0.000000
258 .183281
0.000000
258.215961
I
I
I
x
P 0 S I T I 0 N S
y
!ml
0.000000
-7.501954
[m)
0.000000
0.000000
•MAD• Ver•ion: 8.17
ranee' ts/ta
• [m)
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16. 13'8'1
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[rad)
0.000000
-6.545659
Run' ll/02/98 l2.53.5l
A 11 0 L ! S
phi
(rad)
0.000000
0.000000
page
pai
(rad)
1
0.000000
0.000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------~---------------------------------------------------
total length = error(x)
error(theta) =
258.183281
-0.750195E+Ol
-0.262474E+OO
arc length •
error(y)
error(phi)
=
258.215961
O.OOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
error(z)
error (psi)
• •
0.568349E+02
O.OOOOOOE+OO
--------------------------·-------------------------------------------------------------------~-----------------------------------
-E ::1..
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14.0
12.0
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Tracking Results by the "COSY"-tracking Code 50 GeV Muon Collider - 320 m Long Storage Ring
•·········• Minimum Aperture in all directions
o.o--~_.__..__..._....__~~~~~_._~___.~~~_,_~~.......::!1--_.___J
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Table no me = TWISS
70
Linear lattice functions for beam line: RING
delta(pl/p = 0.000000 synun = F
ELEMENT SEQUENCE I H 0 R I Z 0 N T A L I
poa. element occ. dist I betax alfax mux x(co) px(co) Dx Dpx I
no. name no. [m) I [ml [ 1) !2pi J !mmJ [. 001 J [ml [1) I
begin RING 1 0.000 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
end RING 1 277.791 0.040 0.000 5.630 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
total length = 277. 790814 Qx 5.629717
delta(s) 0.000000 mm Qx' = 0.378107
al fa 0.254724E-02 betax(max) = 1379 .165360
gamma(trl 19. 813680 Dx(max) 3.625123 --J - Dxlr.m.s. l • 1. 684661
xco(max) • 0.000000
xco(r.m.s.) 0.000000
"MAD" Version: 8.17 Run, 11/02/98 13.02.25
Range: IS/ IE
page 1
V E R T I C A L
betay alfay muy y(co) py(col Dy Dpy
[ 1) [ml [ 11 [2pi] [mm] [ .0011 [ml
0.040 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.040 0.000 4.628 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Qy = 4.628156
Qy' -0.434743
betay(max) = 1608.697409
Dy(max) • 0.000000
Oy(r.m.a.) 0.000000
yco(max) • 0.000000
yco(r.m.s.) 0.000000
Survey of beam line: RING
pos.
no.
ELEMENT
element occ.
name no.
begin RING
end RING
total length a
error(x) • error (theta) ::::
1
1
SEQUENCE
sum(L) arc
(m) (ml
0.000000 0.000000
I
I
I
x
(ml
P 0 S I T I 0 N S
y
(m]
277.790814 277.842969
0.000000
-16.474205
0.000000
0.000000
277. 790814
-0.1647421!+02
-0.4673481!+00
arc length
error(y)
error (phi)
277. 842969
0.000000E+OO
O.OOOOOOE+OO
z
(ml
"MAD" Version: 8.17
range: IS/IE
I
I
I
theta
(rad)
0.000000
69.212888
0.000000
-6.750533
error(z)
error(psi)
=
Run' ll/02/98 13.02.25
A N G L E S
phi
(rad)
0.000000
0.000000
0.6921291!+02
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page
psi
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l
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0.000000
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74
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• N"111 tools:
W. Wan (FNAL) Feb 12-13, 1998
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78
Feb.12. 1998
M.Atac.FNAlJUCL A
DETECTOR CONCEPTS OF HIGH LUMINOSITY MUON COLLIDERS
OUTLINE -------·---·
GENERAL PURPOSE STRA WMAN DETECTOR CONCEPTS
a. VERTEX TRACKING
b. IN~ER TRACKING
c. OUTER TRACKING
d. EM AND HADRON CALORIMETERS
e. MUON CHAMBERS
79
Uses a MMl!w4uit ....... stiietlli119 ~.watiot!l lllam title GEANT -=
-J'.":O
-- -------~~-- s::o--------- ~--- - ·-------- -- -----~
,I I '
I I
. . ~
.• 1 . -:·; :11,";. 50 aperture · ...
. . , ... -- 40 colllmators/drlfts • • Four 15 m Dipoles (8.5T)
80
I Background List I • Decay Backgrounds:
Two detailed complementary calculations have been performed: GEANT calculation (I. Stumer, BNL), MARS calculation (N. Mokhov, FNAL). The assumed final focus system and shielding configurations· assumed for the two calculations are similar in general, but the details are very different.
Both the GEANT and MARS calculations track all particles through the final focus and 2 Tesla detector solenoidal fields and fully simulate:
Electron showers Synchrotron radiation
Photonuclear Interactions
Bethe-Heltler muon pair production
•Beam Halo: Beam halo model and beam scraping design being developed, but no results yet.
• Beam-Beam Interactions: Believed to be small compared with other backgrounds
81
IHit Density in a Vertex Detector!
e Consider a layer of Silicon at a radius of 10 cm. The GEANT results for the radial particle fluxes per crossing yield:
750 photons/cm2 -> 2.3 · Hits/cm2
11 O neutrons/cm2 -> 0.1 Hits/cm2
1.3 charged tracks/cm2 -> 1.3 Hits/cm2
TOTAL 3.7 Hits/cm2
• -> 0.4°/o occupancy in 300 x 300 µm2 pixels.
• The corresponding numbers at 5cm radius are 13.2 Hits/cm2 -> 1.3°/o occupancy.
• This doesnt sound too bad. For. comparison, SLD has about 40 Hits/cm2 on the inner layer of their CCD detector.
82
I Radiation Dose in Silicon Vertex Detector I
• Consider a silicon layer at a radius of 10 cm.
•
The dose due to non-ionizing energy loss can be calculated from the MARS or GEANT results (which give consistent.results) taking into account particle type, energy spectra, and fluxes.
<!>NIEL = <l>p + <1>7t + 0.5<1>µ + O.l<l>e +
+ <l>n > 0.1 MeV + O.Ol <l>y
-> ~ = 240 per cm2 per crossing . NIEL
MARS predictions for 1 year (= 107 secs) of operation:
2 x 2 TeV muon collider
LHC at 1034 cm-2s-1(CMS)
83
7 >(. 1013 cm2
8 x '1013 cnf
104
103 a •
102
- 101
f 10° l I 10·'
10~ --I 10-3
10-4
104
104 .... 0
2x2 TeV mu+mu- detector (z=O) MAAS March 19, 1997
• • neutrons l l o ch+· I A A 8+- ' j • •photons , •--•muons
, 6 . '
\ . - -. - - - - - - ~
.. ---- -1 0 -0 0
0 - ~ • ·---'-- -·-~---..__-----~- .__i__ -
200 400 Radius (cm}
84
600
I First Muon Collider I • Some GEANT work has been done to calculate backgrounds at
a lower enerhy muon collider-> 250 x 250 GeV. This was before the recent improvements to the final focus which led to an order of magnitude reduction in backgrounds:
250 x 250 GeV -> 1.5 x 106 decays I m
en 10 5 ---.-,-,-,-,,,r--!~~~~~~~.--T-"T"TT-r1 c (/) (/)
e 10 3 . u
.......... N
E < 10 ' (/) CV u -1
:.;::; 1 0 ~
0 Q_
-3 10
-5 10
!J
.. .. •••
I neutrons
o electrons photons
/\ 01\[Jl\
0 0 0 0
O protons 11 /\
/\ p1ons r1 l 1
muons 11
J -- j_J. __ J -l_LLL __ --- _J --- L l .L_I L.LJ L ___ J __ I ___ j__J__I I l j I -
10 1 o2 1 o3
r(cm)
• These background fluxes are comparable to those Computed for a 2 x 2 TeV colllder •••. so we anticipate that the backgrounds at a lower energy machine will be similar to those at the 2 x 2 TeV machine .... EXCEPT the Bethe-Heltler muon background which is-much better. A more detailed calculation is being done at BNL.
85
LCM I QUAD
IAM[L DI i.<: SC - SOL[NOID
1 . ~ T
POLY-BORON
DRIF'T CHNIBERS
SiC-STRIP TRACKER HR-SiC PIXELS VERTEX TRACKER
CMS Compact Muon Solenoidal Detector tor LHC
LHCAtj
1otal welQht : 12,SOOt overall dlilmeter: 15.00m overall length : 21.&0m Magnetic fteld : 4 T"la
SUl'ERCONOUCT!NG -1\
COIL ,
7-
,.) x
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I I '
6.71 m
E <> ~ -
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4-'.;..'-s.&Om ii
--'----~--- 7.21 m I '; --=-· ___,__ ::- / / a.« m ;:,-----9.67 m
10~m~-====-~--~ I I I '
10.60 m
11.10 m
~ I E • I
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The Higgs ~ ZZ ~ 4 Lepton Search will Yield a 5 o
Resonant Signal in 1 year at LHC Design Luminosity
H ~zz~41 1
E-1e > 20. 15, 10. 10 G~V: !118 1<2 5
p,l1>20, 10.5.5GeV, 111111<24
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211 Passon s1.-Vi= 14 TeV
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100 300 400 500 600 ----,.. - .. ___ ---·· ..... ~ ..... ~ MH (GeV)
89
I 2
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-.•511GeV, lliiJ•MGeV, Ae•O, ll!llP•2, J1<I
'.\l(i) • !Dt GeV '.\I( ... )• 1171 GeV ){(~) • 852 CeV ll(x} • G7 GeV ~~ • ll7 CeV M(b) • 89.7 GeV
a.->-C.V ll 4,Jlll , .,.,. > • C.V, tr/"! c 4.S llZ"ioll, -.. ....... 111 ..... <L7S * b~>U
~1•..-------------------------.-n,,..--------.. "'"="". c! I# U CMS.... I n J,M
~ '"' i:r/E., 's·l./(f E& Y,.:, : ... ":: \1• : = ! ,., ...... ':I:.' a
"' "' .,1-----.;::;::"-....i;;..:s;;.....;;;...J111...,..:...._::~..::;.;;;;:.. ____ ~ ....... J#
,,,.,a.v, ~·• ..-------------------------..-n---------,.~w c! I# llf llc.u. I .. •ut•I~.... ft LM ... ,, ~-..... ,. o-,{ ... 1zo% /re «:>16~ " an. \~ : = ... .... . 'ill:.. ,.
• .. + .,1-----,_.;::;--• ....i;;;,,1&;,....~·,,,,..::--=--=~,~.:....--..;;;.. __ _.J#
11,.<G.1?
Fi~l
Maraia! I!!~ Silicon GaAs 3CSiC 4HSiC Diamond Silidg•p (e; I.I 1.43 2J 3.2 33 Raistivity ('2-cm) -to5 -tOS -101 >!Oil Biakdown field (V/crn) -to5 -to5 l.Sxto6 3xto6 101 ElecUon mobility ( crn2/V-s) 13SO 6000 750 800 llOO Hole mobility (crn2N-s) -480 -400 40 llS 1200 Sllllrltion drift velocity ( cm/s) 101 101 2.5xl07 2xl07 2.2xl07 Dielectric constant 11.9 13.1 S.7 Cohesive energy (eV/a1om) 4.63 7.'IT Eacrgy to creare e-h pair ( e V) 3.6 4.2 8.3 (est'd.) 8.3 (est'd.) · 13 A-ve. lonized signal/100 µm (# e·) 9200 13000 6400 (est'd.) 6400 (est'd.) 3600
Tlble L Comparison of potential panicle detector material pioperties
91
SiC
.. ' '
92
•
M.ATAC
2.SOE-04 ------------------,
2.00E-04 !.....-1A(uv) I
1.SOE-04
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-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 V(V)
Peak Centroid versus Applied Voltage for PN-Junction Diode L 12-4
~--------------------------------------. --------·- ---- 300
Pre-Irradiation, x 2 1.5 x 1016 n cm·2
16 -2 5.7x10 n.crn 6-- -- ..... __ --------....
---------------1i -2. 1 . 8 X 1 0 n ·Cll1
---..._
... -------------· 11 -2. -- -·---·------ ·----a. 3,.4 X J () 11·1_: I 11 "' Ill • • 111
.. ...... .. ... _
•
250 . 0 c: -Q)
200 2 co .r:. CJ
150 -c ·s .. .... c: . 100 Q)
(J ~ co
50 :.
I---'-'-------------------------'. 0 -500 -400 -300 -200
Bias Voltage, V -100 0
r1 _;), '.-·r c \.__ - - /
~§ Vt 0
u
I
Calibration Function of SiC Detector Flux Range: 1E4 - 3E10 n cm-2 s-1
'-ftlf~~-'~~-~ "jj. ~=r~-- -- -. JIB --- r-- -' - -
1.E+04 l.E+05 l.E+06 1.E+07 1.E+08 1.E+09 l.E+lO l.E+l l Thermal Neutron Flux, n cin-2 s-1
Separation of Neutron and Ga1n1na Signals
35000 - - -- -- -- -· --30000 _ Gan11na Neutron
25000 + -E 20000 ~ g 15000 I () 10000 -
5000 0 . _..__......__, -+-·I + I -t I I I f ! ,_ I I I - l l I ! I I ' I ' I . !
0 '10 20 30 40 50 60 Channel Number
Tnermal neutro1i flux --3.2E 10 n/sq. cn1/s Gan1ma tick.I = 50.000 R/h L
70 80
- I
I I I i
. '
90
. ... l