7/31/2019 2nd Lecture on the Female Reproductive Histology by Dr. Roomi

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Histologyof

female reproductive systemBy

Dr. Mudassar Ali Roomi (MBBS, M. Phil)

7/31/2019 2nd Lecture on the Female Reproductive Histology by Dr. Roomi

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Corpus Luteum-overview

• Formed from corpushemrrhagicus

• It is highly vascularizedtemporary endocrinegland

• It is composed of granulosa lutein cells andtheca lutein cells

• Formation is dependenton LH.

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Granulosa lutein cells• Large (30um diameter) Pale

staining cells• Derived from the cells of

membrana granulosa•

Each cells has gotabundance of SER, RER,mitochondria, well-developed Golgi apparatusand lipid droplets.

• Function :1. Formation of progestrone2. Conversion of androgens to

estrogens

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Theca lutein cells

• Small cells (15 um)• Location : Mainly along

the periphery of corpus

luteum• Derived from the cells

of theca interna.•

Function : manufacturesprogesterone andandrogens.

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Corpus albicans

• It is the remnant of thedegenerated corpusluteum.

• It becomes a small scaron the surface of ovary.

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Atretic follicles

• These are follicles invarious stages of maturation that areundergoingdegeneration

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Ovarian medulla

• Contains largeblood vessels,lymphatic vesselsand nerves in aloose connectivetissue stroma.

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Ovary- identificationpoints

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UTERUS• uterus is a pear-shaped organ

with thick, muscular walls.• Its largest part, the body , is

entered by the left and rightuterine tubes and the curved,superior area between the tubesis called the fundus .

• The uterus narrows in theisthmus and ends in a lowercylindrical structure, the cervix ,with the lumen in these regionstermed the internal os andcervical canal, respectively.

•

the uterine wall has three majorlayers: – perimetrium – myometrium – endometrium

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Endometrium(cont..)

• The blood vessels supplyingthe endometrium are of special significance in the

periodic sloughing of thefunctional layer duringmenses.

– Arcuate arteries in the middlelayers of the myometrium send

two sets of smaller arteries tothe endometrium):• straight arteries, which supply

only the basal layer,• and long, progesterone-sensitive

spiral arteries, which extend

farther and bring bloodthroughout the functional layer.Spiral arteries branch withnumerous arterioles supplying arich capillary bed that includesmany dilated, thin-walledvessels called vascular lacunae .

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myometrium • The myometrium, the thickest

tunic of the uterus, is composedof bundles of smooth musclefibers separated by connectivetissue containing many bloodvessels.

• The bundles of smooth musclethree poorly defined layers.

• Inner and outer layers arecomposed mainly of longitudinalfibers

• middle layer is circularly disposedand containing the larger bloodvessels.

• Middle circular smooth musclelayer is also called as stratumvasculare

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myometrium • During pregnancy, the

myometrium goes through aperiod of extensive growthinvolving both hyperplasia andhypertrophy . During thisgrowth, many of the smoothmuscle cells also activelysynthesize collagen,strengthening the uterine wall.

• After pregnancy, uterinesmooth muscle cells shrink

and many undergo apoptosis,with removal of unneededcollagen, and the uterusreturns almost to itsprepregnancy size.

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Epimetrium

• Serosa/adventitia• Serosa is present over

surfaces of the uterus

bulging into theperitoneal cavity.

• Adventitia is presentalong theretroperitoneal surfacesof the uterus.

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How to draw it!

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Uterus-Identification

points

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Medical Application- Endometriosis

• It is a fairly common disorder inwhich viable cells of theendometrium are displaced duringmenstruation, reflux into one or bothuterine tubes, move upward andgrow outside the uterus rather thanundergoing vaginal discharge.

• Common sites of such growth are thetubes themselves, the ovariansurface, or peritoneal lining.

• Under the influence of estrogen andprogesterone, the ectopic tissuegrows and degenerates monthlywithout effective removal, leading topain, inflammation, cysts, adhesions,and scar tissue that can result ininfertility.