295 American Birds - Bird Portraits in Color

MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY • UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA •

295 A M E R I C A N BIRDS

NINETY-TWO COLOR PLATESBY

ALLAN BROOKS • GEORGE MIKSCH SUTTONWALTER ALOIS WEBER • FRANCIS LEE JAQUESWALTER JOHN BRECKENRIDGE • INCLUDINGONE PLATE BY THE LATE LOUIS AGASSIZ FUERTES

FROM

Bird Portraits in Color by Thomas S. Roberts

M I N N E A P O L I S

T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I N N E S O T A P R E S SLONDON • HUMPHREY MILFORD • OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

COPYRIGHT 1934

BY THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTAALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PUBLISHED 1936

PRINTED AND LITHOGRAPHED IN THE UNITED STATES OF A M E R I C A

BY THE McGILL LITHOGRAPH COMPANY

MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA

^ ^ ^ m m m w v

BIRD PORTRAITS IN COLOR PLATE 1

WESTERN GREBE, BREEDING ADULT

BREEDING ADULT

Scale about one-seventh

RED-THROATED LOONFALL AND WINTER ADULTS

BREEDING ADULT

COMMON LOONIMMATURE

This page intentionally left blank


EARED GREBEIMMATURE BREEDING ADULT

HOLBOELL'S GREBEBREEDING ADULT IMMATURE

HORNED GREBEBREEDING ADULT FALL AND WINTER ADULT

PIED-BILLED GREBEIMMATURE

BREEDING ADULT AND CHICK

Scale about one-fifth

BIRD PORTRAITS IN COLOR

BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERONADULT FEMALE ADULT MALE IMMATURE

GREEN HERONIMMATURE ADULT FEMALE ADULT MALE


PLATE 4


AMERICAN BITTERN, ADULT

LEAST BITTERNFEMALE MALE

Scale about one-third

m to m

PLATE 6BIRD PORTRAITS IN COLOR

WHISTLING SWANADULT IMMATURE

WHITE-FRONTED GOOSEADULT

CANADA GOOSEADULT

LESSER SNOW GOOSEI M M A T U R E ADULT

BLUE GOOSEADULT

Scale of foreground figures about one-eighth


FEMALEGADWALL, ADULTS

MALE (FLYING)

AMERICAN PINTAIL, ADULTSMALE

FEMALE

BLACK DUCK, ADULT

BALDPATE, ADULTS (FLYING)MALE FEMALE

COMMON MALLARD, ADULTSMALE FEMALE



GREEN-WINGED TEALIMMATURE

CINNAMON TEALMALE

GREEN-WINGED TEALFEMALE MALE

BLUE-WINGED TEALFEMALE MALE

SHOVELERFEMALE

Scale of foreground figures about one-seventh

MALE


WOOD DUCKADULT MALE

ADULT FEMALE MALE IN ECLIPSE


PLATE 8


RING-NECKED DUCK, ADULTSFEMALE

GREATER SCAUP DUCK, ADULT MALE (FLYING)

LESSER SCAUP DUCK, ADULTSCANVAS-BACK, ADULTS FEMALE

FEMALE MALE MALE

REDHEAD, ADULTSFEMALE MALE


MALE


PLATE 10

OLD SQUAW (FLYING)MALE, BREEDING ADULT MALE, WINTER ADULT

FEMALE, BREEDING ADULTBUFFLE-HEAD

MALEFEMALE

AMERICAN GOLDEN-EYEFEMALE MALE

BARROW'S GOLDEN-EYEMALE

Scale of foreground figures about one-seventh


SURF SCOTERMALE. BREEDING ADULT

WHITE-WINGED SCOTERMALE, BREEDING ADULT

FEMALE. BREEDING ADULT

RUDDY DUCKMALE. BREEDING ADULT

FEMALE, BREEDING ADULT

Scale of foreground figures about one-ninth

AMERICAN SCOTERMALE. BREEDING ADULT

m W


HOODED MERGANSER, ADULTSFEMALE MALE

RED-BREASTED MERGANSER, ADULTSMALE

FEMALE

AMERICAN MERGANSER, ADULTSFEMALE MALE



RED-SHOULDERED HAWKADULT

IMMATURE

TURKEY VULTURE (PLYING)

SWALLOW-TAILED KITE (FLYINO)

MARSH HAWKFEMALE MALE

Scale of foreground figures about one-sixth


COOPER'S HAWKIMMATURE

ADULT

GOSHAWK

IMMATURE

Scale about one-sixth

SHARP-SHINNED HAWKIMMATURE

ADULT

ADULT


EASTERN RED-TAILED HAWKADULT

IMMATURE

KRIDER'S RED-TAILED HAWKADULT

WESTERN RED-TAILED HAWKADULT

HARLAN'S RED-TAILED HAWKADULT



BROAD-WINGED HAWKIMMATURE

ADULT

FERRUGINOUS ROUGH-LEGADULT

SWAINSON'S HAWKIMMATURE

ADULT

AMERICAN ROUGH-LEGGED HAWKADULT



GOLDEN EAGLE, ADULT

OSPREY, ADULT

BALD EAGLE

ADULT


IMMATURE

IURD PORTRAITS IN COLOR PLATE 18

PRAIRIE FALCON, ADULT

DUCK HAWKI M M A T U R E (FLYING)

WHITE GYRFALCON


ADULT

PLATE 19

PIGEON HAWK

SPARROW HAWKFEMALE

MALE


FEMALE MALE



CANADA SPRUCE GROUSEFEMALE

RUFFED GROUSERED PHASE

GRAY PHASE

Scale about one-fourth

MALE

PRAIRIE CHICKEN OR PINNATED GROUSEFEMALE MALE IN DIS




MALE IN DISPLAY

PRAIRIE SHARP-TAILED GROUSE

FKM ALES



BOB-WHITE OR BOBWHITE QUAILMALES : WHITE FACE FEMALES : BUFFY FACE

Scale of foreground figures about one-eighth


BOB-WHITE, DOWNY CHICK

GROUSE CHICKS, JUVENAL PLUMAGE DEVELOPINGRUFFED GROUSE CANADA SPRUCE GROUSE

Scale about three-fourths

psatrie CHckrn prarie shashart-talled crousr


MALEFEMALE

RING-NECKED PHEASANTMALE


EUROPEAN GRAY ORHUNGARIAN PARTRIDGE

ADULT


GREAT BLUE HERONADULT IMMATURE

WHOOPING CRANE

SANDHILL CRANE

Scale about one-tenth


SORAADULTCHIC

YELLOW RAILIMMATURE

ADULT

IMMATURE, PALL

KING RAILADULT

VIRGINIA RAILJUVENAL PLUMAGE ADULT


PLATE 27

CHICK

CHICKaboss


FLORIDA GALLINULE AMERICAN COOT OR MUD-HENADULT JUVENAL PLUMAGEJUVENAL PLUM AGE

CHICKS

Scale of foreground figures about one-fourth

ADULTCHICK


BLACK-BELLIED PLOVERFALL AND WINTER ADULT AND IMMATURE

BREEDING ADULT

AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVERFALL AND WINTER ADULT AND IMMATURE

KILLDEER, ADULT

BREEDING ADULT

SEMIPALMATED PLOVER, ADULT

PIPING PLOVER. ADULT

Scale of foreground figures about one-third


AMERICAN WOODCOCK

Scale about one-half

IN DISPLAY (AFTER FUEATES)


LONG-BILLED DOWITCHERPALL AND WINTER ADULT AND IMMATURE

WILSON'S SNIPE, ADULT

Scale of foreground figures about one-half

HREEDINC ADULT

BIRD PORTRAITS IN COLOR PI.ATF. 32

LESSER YELLOW-LEGS, ADULT

HUDSONIAN GODWITFALL AND WINTER ADULT AND IMMATURE

GREATER YELLOW-LEGS, ADULT

BREEDING ADULT



PECTORAL SANDPIPER, ADULT

STILT SANDPIPERPALL AND WINTER ADULT BREEDING ADULT

BREEDING ADULT

SPOTTED SANDPIPERFALL AND WINTER ADULT AND

IMMATURE



SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERFALL AND WINTER, IMMATURE BREEDING ADULT

BAIRD'S SANDPIPERFALL AND WINTER, IMMATURE BREEDING ADULT

LEAST SANDPIPER

FALL AND WINTER ADULT BREEDING ADULT



PLATE 35

WESTERN WILLET, ADULTS

MARBLED GODWIT, ADULT UPLAND PLOVER, ADULT

BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER, ADULT

Scale of foreground figures about one-fourth


WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPERFALL AND WINTER ADULT

BREEDING ADULT

SOLITARY SANDPIPERBREEDING ADULT

FALL AND WINTER ADULT


RUDDY TURNSTONEFALL AND WINTER ADULT

BREEDING ADULT


SANDERLINGFALL AND WINTER ADULT

BREED! NO ADULT

RED-BACKED SANDPIPERFALL AND WINTER ADULT

BREEDING ADULT

AMERICAN KNOTBREEDING ADULT FALL AND WINTER ADULT



NORTHERN PHALAROPEMALE, BREEDING ADULT

PALL AND WINTER ADULT

IMMATURE, FALL AND WINTER

WILSON'S PHALAROPEFEMALE, BREEDING ADULT



MALE, BREEDING ADULT

PLATR38


FRANKLIN'S GULLIMMATURE BREEDING ADULT

RING-BILLED GULLIMMATURE

BREEDING ADULT

BONAPARTE'S GULLBREEDING ADULT IMMATURE

HERRING GULLBREEDING ADULT

IMMATURE, FIRST FALL AND WINTERGLAUCOUS GULL

IMMATURE, SECOND WINTER



BLACK TERN

BREEDING ADULT FALL AND WINTER ADULT (FLYING)IMMATURE

CASPIAN TERNIMMATURE BREEDING ADULT


COMMON TERNBREEDING ADULT

IMMATURE

FORSTER'S TERNBREEDING ADULT

IMMATURE


PASSENGER PIGEONFEMALE MALE

MOURNING DOVEMALE

FEMALE



PLATE 42

YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO

BELTED KINGFISHERFEMALEMALE


MALE


BARN OWL

SHORT-EARED OWL


LONG-EARED OWL

BURROWING OWL


GREAT GRAY OWL

SNOWY OWL

BARRED OWL

GREAT HORNED OWLARCTIC HORNED OWL



RICHARDSON'S OWL

HAWK OWL

SAW-WHET OWL

SCREECH OWLGRAY PHASE

RED PHASE



CHIMNEY SWIFT (FLYING) NIGHTHAWK, FEMALE (FLYING)

WHIP-POOR-WILL, MALE


NIGHTHAWK, MALE


RED-BELLIED WOODPECKERMALE

FEMALE

RED-HEADED WOODPECKER

FLICKERFEMALE

JUVENAL PLUMAGE


aDULT

MALE


FEMALE

DOWNY WOODPECKERMALE

FEMALE

YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKERMALE

HAIRY WOODPECKERMALE


JUVENAL PLUMAGE

FEMALEFEMALEFEMALE


PLATE 49

PILEATED WOODPECKERFEMALE

MALE

ARCTIC THREE-TOED WOODPECKERFEMALE

MALE

AMERICAN THREE-TOED WOODPECKERMALE FEMALE

Scale of foreground figures about one-third; Pileated Woodpecker about one-fifth 97


OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER EASTERN KINGBIRD

CRESTED FLYCATCHER ARKANSAS KINGBIRD

Scale about one-half7?


PLATE 51

WOOD PEWEE

PHOEBE

LEAST FLYCATCHER


ALDER FLYCATCHER

YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER


BANK SWALLOW

ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOWTREE SWALLOW

JUVENAL, PLUMAGE


ADULT


BARN SWALLOWMALE

FEMALE

CLIFF SWALLOWADULT

JUVENAL PLUMAGE

PURPLE MARTINMALE

Scale about one-half /0$

FEMALE


CANADA JAYJUVENAL PLUMAGE

ADULT

BLUE JAYADULT

JUVENAL PLUMAGE



AMERICAN MAGPIE

CROWCLARK'S NUTCRACKER

RAVEN



PLATE 56

&

TUFTED TITMOUSE

BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE

HUDSONIAN CHICKADEE

RED-BREASTED NUTHATCHMALE

FEMALE

WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH

FEMALE

MALE


BROWN CREEPER


WINTER WREN

CAROLINA WREN

LONG-BILLED MARSH WREN

HOUSE WREN

BEWICK'S WREN

SHORT-BILLED MARSH WREN



I

BROWN THRASHER TOWNSEND'S SOLITAIRE

CATBIRD MOCKINGBIRD



BLUEBIRD

JUVENAL PLUMAGE (NESTLING)

ROBIN

FEMALE


JUVENAL PLUMAGE

FEMALE

MALE

MALE


OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH

WILLOW THRUSH OR VEERYADULT

JUVENAL PLUMAGE

WOOD THRUSHADULT

JUVENAL PLUMAGE

HERMIT THRUSHADULT

JUVENAL PLUMAGE >">



GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLETADULT MALE

ADULT FEMALE

BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHERADULT MALE

RUBY-CROWNED KINGLETADULT MALE

ADULT FEMALE

PLATE 61



BOHEMIAN WAXWINGADULTS

CEDAR WAXWING

ADULTS


JUVENAL PLUMAGE


JUVENAL PLUMAGE

NORTHERN SHRIKE

ADULT

MIGRANT SHRIKEADULT


IMMATURE, FIRST WINTER


WARBLING VIREO

YELLOW-THROATED VIREO

BELL'S VIREO

PHILADELPHIA VIREO

RED-EYED VIREO

BLUE-HEADED VIREO



BLACK AND WHITE WARBLERMALE. BREEDING ADULT



NORTHERN PARULA WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT


JUVENAL PLUMAGE

BLUE-WINGED WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT


PROTHONOTARY WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT


GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT


TENNESSEE WARBLERNASHVILLE WARBLER BREEDING ADULT

MALE, BREEDING ADULT IMMATURE, FALL

JUVENAL PLUMAGE (NESTLING)ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER


IMMATURE, FALLCAPE MAY WARBLER

FEMALE, BREEDING ADULT MALE, BREEDING ADULT

IMMATURE, FALL




MAGNOLIA WARBLER YELLOW WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT MALE, BREEDING ADULT

IMMATURE, PALL FEMALE, BREEDING ADULT

BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT


KIRTLAND'S WARBLER MYRTLE WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT IMMATURE, FALL




BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER CERULEAN WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT MALE, BREEDING ADULT

FEMALE, BREEDING ADULT FEMALE, BREEDING ADULT

BLACKBURNIAN WARBLERPINE WARBLER FEMALE, BREEDING ADULT

BREEDING ADULT MALE, BREEDING ADULT

IMMATURE, FALL IMMATURE, FALL



CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT

IMMATURE, FALL FEMALE, BREEDING ADULT

BLACK-POLL WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT IMMATURE, FALL


BAY-BREASTED WARBLERIMMATURE, FALL FEMALE, BREEDING ADULT



WILSON'S WARBLER YELLOW-BREASTED CHATADULT MALE ADULT

ADULT FEMALECANADA WARBLER

ADULT FEMALE

ADULT MALE

GRINNELL'S WATER-THRUSHADULT LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH

ADULT




CONNECTICUT WARBLERFEMALE, BREEDING ADULT MALE> BREEDING ADULT

IMMATURE

MOURNING WARBLERMALE, BREEDING ADULT


IMMATURE, FALL

NORTHERN YELLOW-THROATFEMALE, BREEDING ADULT

MALE, BREEDING ADULT IMMATURE, FALL


AMERICAN REDSTARTMALE, FIRST BREEDING PLUMAGE FEMALE, BREEDING ADULT


PALM WARBLER

BREEDING ADULT JUVENAL PLUMAGE

OVEN-BIRD

JUVENAL PLUMAGE (NESTLING) BREEDING ADULT




BOBOLINKMOLTING MALE MALE, BREEDING ADULTJUVENAL PLUMAGE (NESTLING) FEMALE (AND FALL MALE)

WESTERN MEADOWLARK EASTERN MEADOWLARK

ADULT MALE ADULT MALEJUVENAL PLUMAGE


YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRDMALE, FULLY ADULT MALE, FIKST BREEDING PLUMAGE

J U V E N A L PLUMAGE (NESTLING) FEMALE

RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDMALE, FULLY ADULT MALE, FIRST BREEDING PLUMAGE

FEMALE




ORCHARD ORIOLEBREEDING MALE, FULLY ADULT

FEMALE MALE, FIRST BREEDING PLUMAGE

BALTIMORE ORIOLEFEMALE


IMMATURE MALE, FALL


RUSTY BLACKBIRD BREWER'S BLACKBIRDPALL PLUMAGE MALE FEMALE


FEMALE, RUSTY BLACKBIRD

BRONZED CRACKLEMALE FEMALE




STARLINGMALE, BREEDING ADULT VOUNG MALE, FIRST WINTER

JUVENAL PLUMAGE

COWBIRDJUVENAL PLUMAGE

ADULT MALE ADULT FEMALE



SCARLET TANAGERABNORMAL PLUMAGE MALE, FULLY ADULT (BLACK WINGS)

( XANTHOCHROISM )

MALE, WINTER FEMALE


MALE, FIRST BREEDING PLUMAGE (BROWN WINGS)

MOLTING MALE



ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAKMALE, WINTER FULLY ADULT BREEDING MALE (BLACK WINGS)

FEMALENESTLING, MALE FIRST-YEAR BREEDING MALE (BROWN WINGS ;

(JUVENAL PLUMAGE) EXCEPTIONAL IN LACKING USUAL BLACK HEAD)

CARDINALFEMALE MALE


PINE SISKININDIGO BUNTING

MALE, BREEDING ADULT GOLDFINCH

FEMALE, BREEDING ADULT WINTERMOLTING MALE MALE, BREEDING ADULT





PURPLE FINCH HOARY REDPOLLFEMALE

MALE

COMMON REDPOLLFEMALE MALE

PINE GROSBEAKFEMALE AND IMMATURE

MALE



WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL RED CROSSBILLJUVENAL PLUMAGE ADULT FEMALE

ADULT FEMALE ADULT MALEADULT MALE JUVENAL PLUMAGE

EVENING GROSBEAKMALE, JUVENAL PLUMAGE

ADULT MALEADULT FEMALE



SAVANNAH SPARROW GRASSHOPPER SPARROW

NELSON'S SPARROW HENSLOW'S SPARROWADULT

JUVENAL PLUMAGE BAIRD'S SPARROW

LECONTE'S SPARROWADULT JUVENAL PLUMAGE



VESPER SPARROW LARK BUNTINGMALE, BREEDING ADULT

DICKCISSEL FEMALE

FEMALE

MALE LARK SPARROWADULT

JUVENAL PLUMAGE



JUNCO ENGLISH SPARROWMALE, BREEDING ADULT MALE

IMMATURE, FALL FEMALE

FEMALE, BREEDING ADULTJUVENAL PLUMAGE



TREE SPARROW, ADULT

CHIPPING SPARROW FIELD SPARROWADULT ADULTJUVENAL PLUMAGE JUVENAL PLUMAGE

CLAY-COLORED SPARROWADULT JUVENAL PLUMAGE



HARRIS'S SPARROWYOUNG, FIRST FALL ADUI.T

WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWADULT GAMBEL'S SPARROW, ADULT

YOUNG IN FALL

WHITE-THROATED SPARROWJUVENAL PLUMAGE ADULT


a

FOX SPARROW SONG SPARROW

TOWHEEFEMALEMALE

LINCOLN'S SPARROW

ADULTSWAMP SPARROW

JUVENAL PLUMAGE


PLATE


McCOWN'S LONGSPURFEMALE MALE, BREEDING ADULT

CHESTNUT-COLLARED LONGSPUFEMALE


PRAIRIE HORNED LARJUVENAL PLUMAGE FE

SPRAGUE'S PIPITAMERICAN PIPIT


FemaleMale

» w ^ v -_-


PLATE 90

SMITH'S LONGSPURMALE, BREEDING ADULT FEMALE

LAPLAND LONGSPURFEMALE, WINTER

MALE, WINTERMALE, BREEDING ADULT

MALE, WINTERFEMALE, WINTER

SNOW BUNTING

MALE, NEARLY FULL BREEDING PLUMAGE

scale about one half

INDEX[In this index the official English names have been supplemented in many cases with local or popularnames, and when scientific names are given these are accompanied by the official English name. Thus,the bird that is properly known as the Evening Grosbeak can be found under Grosbeak, Evening; under"Parrot," English, a local name; and under Hesperiphona vespertina, the scientific name. In nearly allcases the numbers refer both to the color plates and to the descriptive matter accompanying them in thebound volumes, though in a few instances a bird that is not pictured has been mentioned in the text.Plates 8% and 46 V2 were the frontispieces in The Birds of Minnesota, from which this series of ninety-two plates is taken. In this way the numbering in the original volumes is preserved.]

Acanthis hornemanni exilipes, see Red-poll, 81

Acanthis linaria linaria, see Redpoll, 81Accentor, Golden-crowned (Oven-bird), 72Accipiter cooperi, see Cooper's Hawk, 14Accipiter velox velox, see Sharp-shinned

Hawk, 14Actitis macularia, see Spotted Sandpiper,

33Aechmophorus occidentalis, see Western

Grebe, 1Agelaius phoeniceus arctolegus, see Red-

winged Blackbird, 74Aix sponsa, see Wood Duck, BVzAlaudidae, see Larks, 89Alcedinidae, see Kingfishers, 42Ammodramus bairdi, see Baird's Spar-

row, 83Ammodramus savannarum, see Grasshop-

per Sparrow, 83Ammospiza caudacuta nelsoni, see Nel-

son's Sparrow, 83Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos, see

Common Mallard, 7Anas rubripes, see Black Duck, 7Anatidae, see Swans, Geese, and Ducks,

6-12Anser albifrons, see White-fronted Goose,

6Anthus spinoletta rubescens, see Ameri-

can Pipit, 89Anthus spraguei, see Sprague's Pipit, 89Antrostomus vociferus, see Whip-poor-

will, 46Aquila chrysaetos, see Golden Eagle, 17Archilochus colubris, see Ruby-throated

Hummingbird, 46%Ardea herodias, see Great Blue Heron, 26Ardeidae, see Herons and Bitterns, 4, 5,

26Arenaria interpres morinella, see Ruddy

Turnstone, 36Asio flammeus flammeus, see Short-eared

Owl, 43Asio wilsonianus, see Long-eared Owl, 43Astur atricapillus atricapillus, see Gos-

hawk, 14

Baeolophus bicolor, see Tufted Titmouse,56

Bald-head (Baldpate), 7Baldpate, 7Bartramia longicauda, see Upland Plover,

35Bee-bird (Eastern Kingbird), 50Bird of Washington (Bald Eagle), 17Birds of Prey (Diurnal), 13-19Birds of Prey (Nocturnal), 43-45

Bittern, American, 5Bittern, Dwarf (Least Bittern), 5"Bittern," Green (Green Heron), 4Bittern, Least, 5Bittern, Little (Least Bittern), 5Bitterns, 5Blackbird, Brewer's, 76Blackbird, Brown-headed (Cowbird), 77Blackbird, Cow (Cowbird), 77Blackbird, Crow (Bronzed Grackle), 76Blackbird, Marsh (Red-winged Black-

bird), 74Blackbird, Red-winged, 74Blackbird, Rusty, 76Blackbird, Skunk (Bobolink), 73Blackbird, Swamp (Red-winged Black-

bird), 74"Blackbird," White-winged (Lark Bunt-

ing), 84Blackbird, Yellow-headed, 74Blackbirds, 74, 76Black-breast (Black-bellied Plover), 29Black-cap, Wilson's (Wilson's Warbler),

70Black-head, Big (Greater Scaup), 9Black-head, Little (Lesser Scaup), 9Black-poll (Black-poll Warbler), 69Black-tail (Hudsonian Godwit), 32Blue-bill, Big (Greater Scaup), 9Blue-bill, Lake (Greater Scaup), 9Blue-bill, Little (Lesser Scaup), 9Blue-bill, Marsh (Lesser Scaup), 9Blue-bill, Ring-necked (Ring-necked

Duck), 9Bluebird, 59Blue-peter (American Coot), 28Blue-wing (Blue-winged Teal), 8Bobolink, 73Bob-white, 23, 24Bob-white (chick), 24Bog-bull (American Bittern), 5Bog-hen (American Bittern), 5Bog-pumper (American Bittern), 5Bog-sucker (American Woodcock), 30Bombycilla cedrorum, see Cedar Waxwing,

62Bombycilla garrula, see Bohemian Wax-

wing, 62Bombycillidae, see Waxwings, 62Bonasa umbellus, see Ruffed Grouse, 20,

24Botaurus lentiginosus, see American Bit-

tern, 5"Brant" (White-fronted and Blue Geese),

6"Brant," Bald-headed (Blue Goose), 6"Brant," Gray (White-fronted Goose), 6

INDEX

"Brant," Speckled (White-fronted Goose),6

"Brant," Tiger (White-fronted Goose), 6"Brant," White (Lesser Snow Goose), 6Branta canadensis, see Canada Goose, 6Bride, The (Wood Duck), SV2Bridge-bird (Phoebe), 51Broad-bill (Shoveler), 8Broad-bill (Lesser and Greater Scaup

Ducks), 9Broad-wing (Broad-winged Hawk), 16Bubo virginianus virginianus, see Great

Horned Owl, 44Buffle-head, 10Buffalo-bird (Cowbird), 77Buffalo-bird (Lark Bunting), 84Bull-bat (Nighthawk), 46Bull-head (Black-bellied Plover), 29Bunting, Bay-winged (Vesper Sparrow),

84Bunting, Black-throated (Dickcissel), 84"Bunting," Cow (Cowbird), 77Bunting, Henslow's (Henslow's Sparrow),

83Bunting, Indigo, 80Bunting, Lark, 84Bunting, Leconte's (Leconte's Sparrow),

83Bunting, Painted (Smith's Longspur), 90Bunting, Snow, 90Bunting, White-winged (Lark Bunting),

84Burgomaster (Glaucous Gull), 39Butcher-bird (Northern Shrike), 63Buteo borealis borealis, see Eastern Red-

tailed Hawk, 15Buteo borealis calurus, see Western Red-

tailed Hawk, 15Buteo borealis harlani, see Harlan's Hawk,

15Buteo borealis krideri, see Krider's Hawk,

15Buteo lagopus s, johannis, see American

Rough-legged Hawk, 16Buteo lineatus, see Red-shouldered Hawk,

13Buteo platypterus, see Broad - winged

Hawk, 16Buteo regalis, see Ferruginous Rough-leg,

16Buteo swainsoni, see Swainson's Hawk, 16Butorides virescens, see Green Heron, 4Butter-ball (Buffle-head), 10Buzzard (Turkey Vulture), 13Buzzard, Broad-winged (Broad-winged

Hawk), 16Buzzard, Ferruginous Rough-legged (Fer-

ruginous Rough-leg), 16Buzzard, Red-shouldered (Red-shouldered

Hawk), 13Buzzard, Red-tailed (Red-tailed Hawk), 15Buzzard, Swainson's (Swainson's Hawk),

16Buzzard, Turkey (Turkey Vulture), 13

Calamospiza melanocorys, see Lark Bunt-ing, 84

Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus, see Lap-land Longspur, 90

Calcarius ornatus, see Chestnut-collaredLongspur, 89

Calcarius pictus, see Smith's Longspur, 90Calico-back (Ruddy Turnstone), 36Calidris canutus rufus, see American

Knot, 37Camp-robber (Canada Jay), 54Canachites canadensis canace, see Canada

Spruce Grouse, 20, 24Canada-bird (White-throated Sparrow), 87"Canary," Wild (Yellow Warbler), 67"Canary," Wild (Goldfinch), 80Canvas-back, 9Capella delicata, see Wilson's Snipe, 31Caprimulgidae, see Goatsuckers, 46Cardinal, 79Cardinal, Kentucky (Cardinal), 79Cardinal, Virginia (Cardinal), 79Carpodacus purpureus purpureus, see

Purple Finch, 81Carrion-bird (Canada Jay), 54Catbird, 58Cathartes aura septentrionalis, see Tur-

key Vulture, 13Catoptrophorus semipalmatus, see Willet,

35Cedar-bird (Cedar Waxwing), 62Centurus carolinus, see Red-bellied Wood-

pecker, 47Ceophloeus pileatus abieticola, see Pileat-

ed Woodpecker, 49Certhia familiaris americana, see Brown

Creeper, 56Certhiidae, see Creepers, 56Chaetura pelagica, see Chimney Swift, 46Charadriidae, see Plovers and Turnstones,

29Charadrius melodus, see Piping Plover, 29Charadrius semipalmatus, see Semipal-

mated Plover, 29Charitonetta albeola, see Buffle-head, 10Chat, Yellow-breasted, 70Chatterer, Bohemian (Bohemian Wax-

wing), 62Chatterer,Northern (BohemianWaxwing),

62Chatterer, Wandering (Bohemian Wax-

wing), 62Chaulelasmus streperus, see Gadwall, 7Chebec (Least Flycatcher), 51Chen caerulescens, see Blue Goose, 6Chen hyperborea hyperborea, see Lesser

Snow Goose, 6Cherry-bird (Cedar Waxwing), 62Chewink (Towhee), 88Chickadee (Black-capped Chickadee), 56Chickadee, Black-capped, 56Chickadee, Brown-headed (Hudsonian

Chickadee), 56Chickadee, Eastern (Black-capped Chick-

adee), 56Chickadee, Hudsonian, 56Chickadee, Tufted (Tufted Titmouse), 56Chicken, Greater Prairie, 21, 24Chicken, Mud (American Coot), 28Chicken, Prairie (chick), 24Chimney-bird (Chimney Swift), 46Chippy (Chipping Sparrow), 86Chippy, Winter (Tree Sparrow), 86Chlidonias nigra surinamensis, see Black

Tern, 40Chondestes grammacus, see Lark Spar-

row, 84

INDEX

^

*

ft

Chordeiles minor, see Nighthawk, 46Circus hudsonius, see Marsh Hawk, 13Cistothorus stellar is, see Short-billed

Marsh Wren, 57Clangula hyemalis, see Old-squaw, 10Clape (Flicker), 47Clicker (Yellow Rail), 27Coccyzus americanus, see Yellow-billed

Cuckoo, 42Coccyzus erythropthalmus, see Black-

billed Cuckoo, 42Cock-of-the-Woods (Pileated Woodpecker),

49Colaptes auratus luteus, see Flicker, 47Colinus virginianus virginianus, see Bob-

white, 23, 24Columbidae, see Pigeons and Doves, 41Colymbidae, see Grebes, 1, 2Colymbus auritus, see Horned Grebe, 2Colymbus grisegena, see Holboell's Grebe,

2Colymbus nigricollis, see Eared Grebe, 2Compsothlypidae, see Wood Warblers, 65-72Compsothlypis americana pusilla, see

Northern Parula Warbler, 65"Coot" (White-winged Scoter), 11Coot, American, 28"Coot/"Coot,'"Coot,'"Coot,'"Coot,'

ters)"Coot,'"Coot,'

Black (American Scoter), 11Black Sea (American Scoter), 11Blue-bill (Lesser Scaup), 9Butter-bill (Surf Scoter), 11Sea (American and Surf Sco-11Surf (Surf Scoter), 11

White - winged (White - wingedScoter), 11

"Coots" (Scoters), 11Cormorant, Double-crested, 3Corthylio calendula calendula, see Ruby-

crowned Kinglet, 61Corvidae, see Jays, Magpies, and Crows,

54, 55Corvus brachyrhynchos, see Crow, 55Cormis corax, see Raven, 55Coturnicops noveboracensis, see Yellow

Rail, 27Cowbird, 77Crake (Sora), 27Crake, Carolina (Sora), 27Crake, Yellow (Yellow Rail), 27Crane, Blue (Sandhill Crane and Great

Blue Heron), 26Crane, Brown (Sandhill Crane), 26Crane, Sandhill, 26Crane, White (Whooping Crane), 26Crane, Whooping, 26Cranes, 26Creaker (Pectoral Sandpiper), 33Creeper, American Brown (Brown Creep-

er), 56"Creeper," Black and White (Black and

White Warbler), 65Creeper, Brown, 56"Creeper," Pine (Pine Warbler), 68Crocethia alba, see Sanderling, 37Crossbill (Red Crossbill), 82Crossbill, American (Red Crossbill), 82Crossbill, Red, 82Crossbill, White-winged, 82Crow, 55

Crow, American (Crow), 55Crow, Clark's (Clark's Nutcracker), 55"Crow," Rain (Black-billed and Yellow-

billed Cuckoos), 42"Crow," Storm (Yellow-billed Cuckoo), 42"Crow-duck" (Double - crested Cormo-

rant), 3Cryptoglaux acadica, see Saw-whet Owl,

45Cryptoglaux funerea richardsoni, see Rich-

ardson's Owl, 45Cuckoo, Black-billed, 42Cuckoo, Yellow-billed, 42Cuckoos, 42Cuculidae, see Cuckoos, 42"Curlew" (Marbled Godwit), 35"Curlew," Straight - billed (Hudsonian

Godwit), 32"Curlew," Straight-billed (Marbled God-

wit), 35Cyanocitta cristata, see Blue Jay, 54Cygnus columbianus, see Whistling Swan,

6

Dabchick (Pied-billed Grebe), 2Dafila acuta tzitzihoa, see Pintail, 7Darter, Big Blue (Goshawk and Cooper's

Hawk), 14Darter, Little Blue (Sharp-shinned Hawk),

14Dendroica aestiva, see Yellow Warbler,

67Dendroica caerulescens, see Black-throat-

ed Blue Warbler, 67Dendroica castanea, see Bay - breasted

Warbler, 69Dendroica cerulea, see Cerulean Warbler,

68Dendroica coronata, see Myrtle Warbler,

67Dendroica fusca, see Blackburnian War-

bler, 68Dendroica kirtlandi, see Kirtland's War-

bler, 67Dendroica magnolia, see Magnolia War-

bler, 67Dendroica palmarum palmarum, see Palm

Warbler, 72Dendroica pensylvania, see Chestnut-sided

Warbler, 69Dendroica pinus, see Pine Warbler, 68Dendroica striata, see Black-poll Warbler,

69Dendroica tigrina, see Cape May War-

bler, 66Dendroica virens, see Black-throated Green

Warbler, 68Dickcissel, 84Dipper (Horned and Pied-billed Grebes), 2Diver, Bottle-nosed (Surf Scoter), 11Diver, Great Northern (Common Loon), 1Diver, Little (Pied-billed Grebe), 2Diver, Red-throated (Red-throated Loon),

1Dolichonyx oryzivorus, see Bobolink, 73Dove, Carolina (Mourning Dove), 41Dove, Mourning, 41"Dove," Prairie (Franklin's Gull), 39"Dove, Turtle" (Mourning Dove), 41Dove, Wild (Mourning Dove), 41Dowitcher, Long-billed, 31

*t

INDEX

Dryobates pubescens medianus, see DownyWoodpecker, 48

Dryobates villosus villosus, see HairyWoodpecker, 48

Duck, American Golden-eye, 10Duck, American Scaup (Greater Scaup), 9Duck, Baldpate, 7Duck, Barrow's Golden-eye, 10Duck, Big Fish (American Merganser), 12Duck, Black, 7"Duck, Black" (Ring-necked Duck), 9Duck, Blue-winged Teal, 8Duck, Buffle-head, 10Duck, Butter-ball (Buffle-head), 10Duck, Cinnamon Teal, 8Duck, Canvas-back, 9Duck, Carolina (Wood Duck), 8%Duck, Dusky (Black Duck), 7"Duck," Fairy (Northern Phalarope), 38Duck, Fish (Red-breasted Merganser), 12Duck, Gadwall, 7Duck, Gray (Pintail, Gadwall, and Com-

mon Mallard), 7Duck, Greater Scaup, 9Duck, Green-legged Black (Black Duck), 7Duck, Green-winged Teal, 8Duck, Lesser Scaup, 9Duck, Little Fish (Hooded Merganser), 12Duck, Long-tailed (Old-squaw), 10Duck, Mallard, 7"Duck," Mud (American Coot), 28Duck, Old-squaw, 10Duck, Pintail, 7Duck, Raft (Redhead, Lesser and Greater

Scaups), 9Duck, Redhead, 9Duck, Red-headed Raft (Redhead), 9Duck, Ring-bill (Ring-necked Duck), 9Duck, Ring-necked, 9Duck, Ruddy, 11Duck, Shoveler, 8Duck, Spine-tailed (Ruddy Duck), 11Duck, Spirit (Buffle-head and American

Golden-eye), 10Duck, Spoon-bill (Shoveler), 8Duck, Summer (Wood Duck), 8%Duck, Surf (Surf Scoter), 11Duck, Wild (Common Mallard), 7Duck, Wood, 8%Ducks, 7-12Ducks, Dabbling (Surface-feeding Ducks),

7-8%Ducks, Diving, 9-10Ducks, Puddle (Surface-feeding Ducks),

7-8%Ducks, Surface-feeding, 7-8%Dumetella carolinensis, see Catbird, 58Dunlin, American (Red-backed Sandpip-

er), 37

Eagle, American (Bald Eagle), 17Eagle, Bald, 17Eagle, Bald-headed (Bald Eagle), 17Eagle, Black (Bald Eagle, first year

young), 17"Eagle," Fishing (Osprey), 17Eagle, Golden, 17Eagle, Ring-tailed (Golden Eagle), 17Eagle, White-headed (Bald Eagle), 17Ectopistes migratorius, see Passenger Pi-

geon, 41

Elanoides forficatus, see Swallow-tailedKite, 13

Empidonax flaviventris, see Yellow-belliedFlycatcher, 51

Empidonax minimus, see Least Flycatch-er, 51

Empidonax trailli trailli, see Alder Fly-catcher, 51

Ereunetes pusillus, see Semipalmated Sand-piper, 34

Erismatura jamaicensis, see Ruddy Duck,11

Euphagus carolinus, see Rusty Blackbird,76

Euphagus cyanocephalus, see Brewer 'sBlackbird, 76

Falco columbarius columbarius, see PigeonHawk, 19

Falco mexicanus, see Prairie Falcon, 18Falco peregrinus anatum, see Duck Hawk,

18Falco rusticolus candicans, see White Gyr-

falcon, 18Falco sparverius sparverius, see Sparrow

Hawk, 19Falcon, American Lanner (Prairie Fal-

con), 18Falcon, American Peregrine (Duck Hawk),

18Falcon, Prairie, 18Falconidae, see Falcons, 18, 19Falcons, 18, 19Finch, Crimson (Purple Finch), 81Finch, Grass (Vesper Sparrow), 84Finch, Harris's (Harris's Sparrow), 87Finch, Lark (Lark Sparrow), 84Finch, Lincoln's (Lincoln's Sparrow), 88Finch, Mourning (Harris's Sparrow), 87Finch, Nelson's Sharp - tailed (Nelson's

Sparrow), 83Finch, Pine (Pine Siskin), 80Finch, Purple, 81Fire-bird (Baltimore Oriole), 75Fire-bird (Scarlet Tanager), 78Flicker, 47Flycatcher, Alder, 51Flycatcher, Arkansas (Arkansas King-

bird), 50"Flycatcher," Canada (Canada Warbler),

70Flycatcher, Crested, 50Flycatcher, Great Crested (Crested Fly-

catcher), 50Flycatcher, Least, 51Flycatcher, Olive-sided, 50Flycatcher, Traill's (Alder Flycatcher), 51Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied, 51Flycatchers, Tyrant, 50, 51Fly-up-the-creek (Green Heron), 4Fool-hen (Canada Spruce Grouse), 20, 24Fringillidae, see Grosbeaks, Finches, Spar-

rows, Buntings, 79-90Fulica americana americana, see American

Coot, 28

Gadwall, 7Gallinula chloropus cachinnans, see Florida

Gallinule, 28Gallinule, American (Florida Gallinule),

28

INDEX

Gallinule, Florida, 28Garrot, American (American Golden-eye),

10Garrot, Rocky Mountain (Barrow's Golden-

eye), 10Gavia immer, see Loon, 1Gavia stellata, see Red-throated Loon, 1Gaviidae, see Loons, 1Geese, 6Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla, see

Northern Yellow-throat, 71Glaucionetta clangula americana, see

American Golden-eye, 10Glaucionetta islandica, see Barrow's Gold-

en-eye, 10Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray, 61Goatsuckers, 46Godwit, Black-tailed (Hudsonian Godwit),

32Godwit, Hudsonian, 32Godwit, Marbled, 35Godwit, Red-breasted (Hudsonian God-

wit), 32Golden-crown (Golden-crowned Kinglet),

61Golden-eye, American, 10Golden-eye, Barrow's, 10Golden-eye, Rocky Mountain (Barrow's

Golden-eye), 10Goldfinch, 80Goosander, American (American Mergan-

ser), 12Goosander, Big (American Merganser), 12Goosander, Red-breasted (Red-breasted

Merganser), 12Goose, Big Gray (Canada Goose), 6Goose, Blue, 6Goose, Blue Snow (Blue Goose), 6Goose, Blue-winged (Blue Goose), 6Goose, Canada, 6Goose, Laughing (White-fronted and Les-

ser Snow Geese), 6Goose, Lesser Snow, 6Goose, Long-necked (Canada Goose), 6"Goose," Nigger (Double-crested Cormo-

rant), 3Goose, Snow (Lesser Snow Goose), 6Goose, White (Lesser Snow Goose), 6Goose, White-fronted, 6Goose, White-headed (Blue Goose), 6Goose, Wild (Canada Goose), 6Goose, Yellow - legged (White - fronted

Goose), 6Goshawk, 14Grackle (Bronzed Grackle), 76Grackle, Blue-headed (Brewer's Black-

bird), 76Grackle, Bronzed, 76Grackle, Rusty (Rusty Blackbird), 76Gray-back (American Knot), 37Grebe, Black-necked (Eared Grebe), 2Grebe, Carolina (Pied-billed Grebe), 2Grebe, Chicken-billed (Pied-billed Grebe),

2Grebe, Eared, 2Grebe, Holboell's, 2Grebe, Horned, 2Grebe, Pied-billed, 2Grebe, Red-necked (Holboell's Grebe), 2Grebe, Swan (Western Grebe), 1Grebe, Swan-necked (Western Grebe), 1Grebe, Thick-billed (Pied-billed Grebe), 2

Grebe, Western, 1Grebes, 1, 2Great-head (American Golden-eye), 10Green-head (Common Mallard), 7Greenlet, Bell's (Bell's Vireo), 64Greenlet, Blue-headed (Blue-headed Vir-

eo), 64Greenlet, Brotherly - love (Philadelphia

Vireo), 64Greenlet, Philadelphia (Philadelphia Vir-

eo), 64Greenlet, Red-eyed (Red-eyed Vireo), 64Greenlet, Solitary (Blue-headed Vireo), 64Greenlet, Warbling (Warbling Vireo), 64Greenlet, Yellow-throated (Yellow-throat-

ed Vireo), 64Green-wing (Green-winged Teal), 8Grosbeak, Canadian (Pine Grosbeak), 81Grosbeak, Cardinal (Cardinal), 79Grosbeak, Evening, 82Grosbeak, Pine, 81Grosbeak, Rose-breasted, 79Grouse, 20-24Grouse (chicks), 24Grouse (Ruffed Grouse), 20, 24Grouse, Brush (Sharp-tailed Grouse), 22,

24Grouse, Canada (Canada Spruce Grouse),

20, 24Grouse, Canada Spruce, 20, 24Grouse, Pinnated (Prairie Chicken), 21, 24Grouse, Pintail (Sharp-tailed Grouse), 22,

24Grouse, Prairie Sharp-tailed, 22, 24Grouse, Ruffed, 20, 24Grouse, Spotted (Canada Spruce Grouse),

20,24Grouse, Spruce (Canada Spruce Grouse),

20, 24Grouse, White - breasted (Sharp - tailed

Grouse), 22, 24Gruidae, see Cranes, 26Grunter (Wilson's Phalarope), 38Grus americana, see Whooping Crane, 26Grus canadensis tabida, see Sandhill Crane,

26Gull, Black-headed (Bonaparte's Gull), 39Gull, Bonaparte's, 39Gull, Bonaparte's Rosy, 39Gull, Common (Herring and Ring-billed

Gulls), 39Gull, Franklin's, 39Gull, Franklin's Rosy (Franklin's Gull), 39Gull, Glaucous, 39Gull, Harbor (Herring Gull), 39Gull, Herring, 39Gull, Ice (Glaucous Gull), 39Gull, Ring-billed, 39Gull, Sea (Herring and Ring-billed Gulls),

39Gulls, 39Gyrfalcon, White, 18

Hair-bird (Chipping Sparrow), 86Hairy-head (Hooded Merganser), 12Haliaeetus leucocephalus, see Bald Eagle,

17Hang-nest (Baltimore Oriole), 75Harrier, Marsh (Marsh Hawk), 13Hawk, American Rough-legged, 16Hawk, American Sparrow (Sparrow

Hawk), 19

INDEX

Hawk, Black (American Rough-leggedHawk), 16

Hawk, Blue Hen (Goshawk), 14Hawk, Blue Partridge (Goshawk), 14Hawk, Broad-winged, 16Hawk, Bullet (Sharp-shinned Hawk), 14Hawk, Bullet (Duck Hawk), 18Hawk, Bullet (Pigeon Hawk), 19Hawk, Cooper's, 14Hawk, Chicken (Red-shouldered Hawk), 13Hawk, Chicken (Cooper's and Sharp-

shinned Hawks), 14Hawk, Duck, 18Hawk, Eastern Red-tailed, 15Hawk, Ferruginous Rough-legged, 16Hawk, Fish (Osprey), 17Hawk, Gopher (Swainson's Hawk and Fer-

ruginous Rough-leg), 16Hawk, Grasshopper (Swainson's Hawk),

16Hawk, Great-footed (Duck Hawk), 18Hawk, Ground - squirrel (Ferruginous

Rough-leg), 16Hawk, Harlan's, 15Hawk, Hen (Red-shouldered Hawk), 13Hawk, Hen (Cooper's Hawk), 14Hawk, Hen (Red-tailed Hawk), 15Hawk, Krider's, 15Hawk, Marsh, 13"Hawk," Meat (Canada Jay), 54"Hawk," Mosquito (Nighthawk), 46Hawk, Mouse (Marsh Hawk), 13Hawk, Pigeon, 19Hawk, Red-shouldered, 13Hawk, Red-tailed, 15Hawk, Sharp-shinned, 14Hawk, Snake (Swallow-tailed Kite), 13Hawk, Sparrow, 19Hawk, Swainson's, 16Hawk, Swallow - tailed (Swallow - tailed

Kite), 13Hawk, Western Red-tailed, 15Hawk, White-rumped (Marsh Hawk), 13Hawks, 13-19Hawks, Bird, 14Hedymeles ludovicianus, see Rose-breasted

Grosbeak, 79Hell-diver (Horned and Pied-billed

Grebes), 2Hen, Bog (American Bittern), 5Hen, Fool (Canada Spruce Grouse), 20, 24Hen, Indian (American Bittern), 5Hen, Marsh (American Bittern), 5Hen, Marsh (American Coot), 28Hen, Meadow (King Rail), 27Hen, Moor (American Coot), 28Hen, Mud (American Coot and Florida

Gallinule), 28Hen, Prairie (Prairie Chicken), 21, 24Hen, Rice (Florida Gallinule), 28Hen, Spruce (Canada Spruce Grouse), 20,

24Hen, White-billed Mud (American Coot),

28Heron, American Night (Black-crowned

Night Heron), 4Heron, Black-crowned Night, 4Heron, Blue (Great Blue Heron), 26Heron, Great Blue, 26Heron, Green, 4"Heron," Least (Least Bittern), 5Heron, Little Green (Green Heron), 4

Herons, 4, 26Hesperiphona vespertina, see Evening

Grosbeak, 82High-hole (Flicker), 47Hirundinidae, see Swallows, 52, 53Hirundo erythrogaster, see Barn Swallow,

53Honker (Canada Goose), 6Honker, Big (Canada Goose), 6Hummingbird, Ruby-throated, 46^Hydroprogne caspia imperator, see Cas-

pian Tern, 40Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola, see Wil-

low _ Thrush, 60Hylocichla guttata faxoni, see Hermit

Thrush, 60Hylocichla minima aliciae, see Gray-cheek-

ed Thrush, 60Hylocichla mustelina, see Wood Thrush, 60Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni, see Olive-

backed Thrush, 60

Icteria virens virens, see Yellow-breastedChat, 70

Icteridae, see Meadowlarks, Blackbirds,etc., 73-77

Icterus galbula, see Baltimore Oriole, 75Icterus spurius, see Orchard Oriole, 75Indian-hen (American Bittern), 5Indigo-bird (Indigo Bunting), 80Iridoprocne bicolor, see Tree Swallow, 52Ixobrychus exilis, see Least Bittern, 5

"Jack" (Wilson's Snipe), 31Jack Owly (Old-squaw), 10"Jack-snipe" (Pectoral Sandpiper), 33Jay (Blue Jay), 54Jay, Blue, 54Jay, Canada, 54"Jay," Red Blue (Cardinal), 79Jay-bird (Blue Jay), 54Jenny-wren (House Wren), 57Junco (Slate-colored Junco), 85Junco hyemalis, see Slate-colored Junco, 85Junco, Slate-colored, 85

Kestrel, American (Sparrow Hawk), 19Kill-dee (Killdeer), 29Killdeer, 29Kingbird, Arkansas, 50Kingbird, Eastern, 50Kingbird, Western (Arkansas Kingbird),

50Kingfisher, Belted, 42Kinglet, Golden-crested (Golden-crowned

Kinglet), 61Kinglet, Golden-crowned, 61Kinglet, Ruby - crested (Ruby - crowned

Kinglet), 61Kinglet, Ruby-crowned, 61Kinglets, 61Kite, Fork-tailed (Swallow-tailed Kite), 13Kite, Swallow-tailed, 13Knot, American, 37

Ladder-back (American Three-toed Wood-pecker), 49

Laniidae, see Shrikes, 63Lanius borealis borealis, see Northern

Shrike, 63Lanius ludovicianus migrans, see Migrant

Shrike, 63

INDEX

Laridae, see Gulls and Terns, 39, 40Lark, Field (Eastern and Western Mead-

owlarks), 73Lark, Prairie Horned, 89Lark, Shore (Prairie Horned Lark), 89Lams argentatus smithsonianus, see Her-

ring Gulls, 39Larus delawarensis, see Ring-billed Gull,

39Larus hyperboreus, see Glaucous Gull, 39Larus Philadelphia, see Bonaparte's Gull,

39Larus pipixcan, see Franklin's Gull, 39Limnodromus griseus, see Long-billed

Dowitcher, 31Limosa fedoa, see Marbled Godwit, 35Limosa haemastica, see Hudsonian Godwit,

32Linnet (Purple Finch), 81Linnet, Gray (Pine Siskin), 80Linnet, Pine (Pine Siskin), 80Linnet, Red (Purple Finch), 81Linnet, Redpoll (Common Redpoll), 81Lobipes lobatus, see Northern Phalarope,

38Log-cock (Pileated Woodpecker), 49Loggerhead, Northern (Migrant Shrike),

63Longspur, Bay-winged (McCown's Long-

spur), 89Longspur, Black-bellied (Chestnut-collared

Longspur), 89Longspur, Black - breasted (McCown's

Longspur), 89Longspur, Chestnut-collared, 89Longspur, Lapland, 90Longspur, McCown's, 89Longspur, Painted (Smith's Longspur), 90Longspur, Smith's, 90Loon, Big (Common Loon), 1"Loon," Black (Double-crested Cormo-

rant), 3Loon, Common, 1Loon, Little (Red-throated Loon), 1Loon, Red-throated, 1Loon, Ring-necked (Common Loon), 1Loons, 1Lophodytes cucullatus, see Hooded Mer-

ganser, 12Loxia curvirostra pusilla, see Red Cross-

bill, 82Loxia leucoptera, see White-winged Cross-

bill, 82

Magpie, American, 55Magpie, Black-billed (American Magpie),

55Maize-bird, Saffron-headed (Yellow-headed

Blackbird), 74"Mallard," Black (Black Duck), 7Mallard, Common, 7"Mallard," Dusky (Black Duck), 7Mallard, Gray (Common Mallard), 7Marble-belly (White-fronted Goose), 6Mareca americana, see Baldpate, 7Marlin, Black-tailed (Hudsonian Godwit),

32Marlin, Brown (Marbled Godwit), 35Marlin, Common (Marbled Godwit), 35Marlin, Red (Marbled Godwit), 35Marlin, Ring-tailed (Hudsonian Godwit),

32

Marsh-hen (American Bittern), 5Marsh-hen (American Coot), 28"Martin," Bee (Eastern Kingbird), 50Martin, Purple, 53"Martin," Sand (Bank Swallow), 52Meadow-hen (King Rail), 27Meadowlark, Eastern, 73"Meadowlark," Little (Dickcissel), 84Meadowlark, Western, 73Meadowlarks, 73Meat-bird (Canada Jay), 54"Meat-hawk" (Canada Jay), 54Megaceryle alcyon, see Belted Kingfisher,

42Melanerpes erythrocephalus, see Red-head-

ed Woodpecker, 47Melanitta deglandi, see White-winged

Scoter, 11Melanitta perspicillata, see Surf Scoter, 11Melospiza georgiana, see Swamp Sparrow,

88Melospiza lincolni lincolni, see Lincoln's

Sparrow, 88Melospiza melodia, see Song Sparrow, 88Merganser, American, 12Merganser, Hooded, 12Merganser, Red-breasted, 12Mergansers, 12Mergus merganser americanus, see Ameri-

can Merganser, 12Mergus serrator, see Red-breasted Mer-

ganser, 12Micropalama himantopus, see Stilt Sand-

piper, 33Micropodidae, see Swifts, 46Mimidae, see Mockingbirds and Thrashers,

58Mimus polyglottos, see Mockingbird, 58Mniotilta varia, see Black and White War-

bler, 65Mockingbird, 58Molothrus ater, see Cowbird, 77Moor-hen (American Coot), 28Moose-bird (Canada Jay), 54Mosquito-hawk (Nighthawk), 46Motacillidae, see Pipits, 89Mud-chicken (American Coot), 28Mud-hen (American Coot and Florida

Gallinule), 28Mud-hen, Red-billed (Florida Gallinule),

28Myadestes townsendi, see Townsend's Soli-

taire, 58Myiarchus crinitus, see Crested Flycatcher,

50Myiochanes virens, see Wood Pewee, 51Myrtle-bird (Myrtle Warbler), 67

Nannus hiemalis hiemalis, see WinterWren, 57

Nettion carolinense, see Green-winged Teal,8

Nighthawk, 46Night-jar (Nighthawk), 46Nucifraga columbiana, see Clark's Nut-

cracker, 55Nutcracker, Clark's, 55Nuthatch, Canada (Red - breasted Nut-

hatch), 56Nuthatch, Carolina (White-breasted Nut-

hatch), 56

INDEX

Nuthatch, Red-bellied (Red-breasted Nut-hatch), 56

Nuthatch, Red-breasted, 56Nuthatch, White-bellied (White-breasted

Nuthatch), 56Nuthatch, White-breasted, 56Nuthatches, 56Nuttallornis mesoleucus, see Olive-sided

Flycatcher, 50Nyctea nyctea, see Snowy Owl, 44Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli, see Black-

crowned Night Heron, 4Nyroca affinis, see Lesser Scaup Duck, 9Nyroca americana, see Redhead, 9Nyroca collaris, see Ring-necked Duck, 9Nyroca marila, see Greater Scaup Duck, 9Nyroca valisineria, see Canvas-back, 9

Oidemia americana, see American Scoter,11

Old Abe (Bald Eagle), 17Old-squaw, 10Old-wife (Old-squaw), 10Oporornis agilis, see Connecticut Warbler,

71Oporornis Philadelphia, see Mourning War-

bler, 71Orange-crown (Orange-crowned Warbler),

66Oriole, Baltimore, 75Oriole, Orchard, 75Orioles, 75Ortolan (Sora), 27Osprey, 17Osprey, American (Osprey), 17Otocoris alpestris praticola, see Prairie

Horned Lark, 89Otus asio naevius, see Screech Owl, 45Oven-bird, 72Owl, Acadian (Saw-whet Owl), 45Owl, Barn, 43Owl, Barred, 44Owl, Big Cat (Great Horned Owl), 44Owl, Billy (Burrowing Owl), 43Owl, Brush (Long-eared Owl), 43Owl, Burrowing, 43Owl, Cinereous (Great Gray Owl), 44Owl, Day (Hawk Owl), 45Owl, Gray (Screech Owl), 45Owl, Great Gray, 44Owl, Great Horned, 44Owl, Great White (Snowy Owl), 44Owl, Hawk, 45Owl, Hoot (Barred and Great Horned

Owls), 44Owl, Little Cat (Screech Owl), 45Owl, Little Horned (Screech Owl), 45Owl, Long-eared, 43Owl, Marsh (Short-eared Owl), 43Owl, Monkey-faced (Barn Owl), 43Owl, Prairie (Short-eared Owl), 43Owl, Red (Screech Owl), 45Owl, Richardson's, 45Owl, Saw-whet, 45Owl, Screech, 45Owl, Short-eared, 43Owl, Snowy, 44Owl, Spectral (Great Gray Owl), 44Owl, Spruce (Great Gray Owl), 44Owl, White (Snowy Owl), 44Owl, Wilson's (Long-eared Owl), 43Owls, 43-45

Ox-eye (Semipalmated Sandpiper), 34Oxyechus vociferus, see Killdeer, 29

Pandion haliaetus carolinensis, see Osprey,17

Paridae, see Titmice, 56"Parrot," English (Evening Grosbeak), 82"Partridge" (Ruffed Grouse), 20, 24"Partridge" (Bob-white), 23, 24"Partridge," Birch (Ruffed Grouse), 20, 24Partridge, Common (European Partridge),

25Partridge, European, 25Partridge, European Gray (European Par-

tridge), 25Partridge, Gray (European Partridge), 25Partridge, Hungarian (European Par-

tridge), 25"Partridge," Spruce (Canada Spruce

Grouse), 20, 24"Partridge," Virginia (Bob-white), 23, 24Passer domesticus domesticus, see English

Sparrow, 85Passerculus sandivichensis savanna, see

Savannah Sparrow, 83Passerella iliaca, see Fox Sparrow, 88Passerherbulus caudacutus, see Leconte's

Sparrow, 83Passerherbulus henslowi, see Henslow's

Sparrow, 83Passerina cyanea, see Indigo Bunting, 80"Patridge" (Ruffed Grouse), 20, 24Pea-bird (Baltimore Oriole), 75Pea-bird (Rose-breasted Grosbeak), 79Peabody-bird (White-throated Sparrow),

87Pedioecetes phasianellus campestris, see

Sharp-tailed Grouse, 22, 24Peep (Least and Semipalmated Sandpip-

ers), 34Peep, Black-legged (Semipalmated Sand-

piper), 34Peep, Green-legged (Least Sandpiper), 34Peep, Mud (Least Sandpiper), 34Peep, White-rumped (White-rumped Sand-

piper), 36Peet-wit (Spotted Sandpiper), 33Pelecanidae, see Pelicans, 3Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, see White Pel-

ican, 3Pelican, White, 3Pelidna alpina sakhalina, see Red-backed

Sandpiper, 37Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus, see

Black-capped Chickadee, 56Penthestes hudsonicus hudsonicus, see Hud-

sonian Chickadee, 56Perdicidae, see Partridges and Quails,

23-25Perdix perdix, see European Partridge, 25Perisoreus canadensis canadensis, see Can-

ada Jay, 54Petrochelidon albifrons, see Cliff Swal-

low, 53Pewee (Wood Pewee), 51Pewee, Bridge (Phoebe), 51Pewee, House (Phoebe), 51Pewee, Wood, 51Pewit (Spotted Sandpiper), 33Phalacrocoracidae, see Cormorants, 3

INDEX

'i!

*f

Phalacrocorax auritus, see Double-crestedCormorant, 3

Phalarope, American (Wilson's Phala-rope), 38

Phalarope, Northern, 38Phalarope, Red-necked (Northern Phala-

rope), 38Phalarope, Tri - color (Wilson's Phala-

rope), 38Phalarope, Wilson's, 38Phalaropes, 38Phalaropodidae, see Phalaropes, 38Phasianidae, see Pheasants, 25Phasianus colchicus, see Ring-necked

Pheasant, 25"Pheasant" (Ruffed Grouse), 20, 24Pheasant, Chinese (Ring-necked Pheas-

ant), 25Pheasant, English (Ring-necked Pheas-

ant), 25Pheasant, Mongolian (Ring-necked Pheas-

ant), 25Pheasant, Ring-necked, 25Philohela minor, see American Woodcock,

30Phoebe, 51Phoebe, Bridge (Phoebe), 51Phoebe-bird (Phoebe), 51Pica pica hudsonia, see American Magpie,

55Picidae, see Woodpeckers, 47-49Picoides arcticus, see Arctic Three-toed

Woodpecker, 49Picoides tridactylus bacatus, see Ameri-

can Three-toed Woodpecker, 49Pigeon, Passenger, 41"Pigeon," Prairie (American Golden Plov-

er), 29"Pigeon," Prairie (Upland Plover), 35"Pigeon," Prairie (Franklin's Gull), 39Pigeon, Wild (Passenger Pigeon), 41Pigeons and Doves, 41Pill-willet (Western Willet), 35Pinicola enucleator leucura, see Pine Gros-

beak, 81Pintail, 7Pintail, American, 7Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthal-

mus, see Towhee, 88Pipit, American, 89Pipit, Sprague's, 89Piranga erythromelas, see Scarlet Tana-

ger, 78Pisobia bairdi, see Baird's Sandpiper, 34Pisobia fuscicollis, see White-rumped

Sandpiper, 36Pisobia melanotos, see Pectoral Sandpip-

er, 33Pisobia minutilla, see Least Sandpiper, 34Planting-bird (Brown Thrasher), 58Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis, see Snow

Bunting, 90Plover, American Golden, 29Plover, American Ringed (Piping Plov-

er), 29"Plover," Barnyard (Solitary Sandpip-

er), 36"Plover," Bartram's (Upland Plover), 35Plover, Black-bellied, 29"Plover," Black-heart (Red-backed Sand-

piper), 37

"Plover," Calico (Ruddy Turnstone), 36Plover, Field (American Golden Plover),

29"Plover," Field (Upland Plover), 35Plover, Golden, 29"Plover," Grass (Upland Plover), 35Plover, Gray (Black-bellied Plover), 29Plover, Killdeer, 29"Plover," Marsh (Pectoral Sandpiper), 33Plover, Piping, 29"Plover," Prairie (Upland Plover), 35"Plover," Red-breasted (American Knot),

37Plover, Ring-necked (Semipalmated Plov-

er), 29Plover, Semipalmated, 29Plover, Upland, 35Plovers, 29Pluvialis dominica dominica, see Ameri-

can Golden Plover, 29Poacher (Baldpate), 7Pochard, American (Redhead), 9Podilymbus podiceps podiceps, see Pied-

billed Grebe, 2Poke (Green Heron), 4Poke (American Bittern), 5Polioptila caerulea caerulea, see Blue-gray

Gnatcatcher, 61Pooecetes gramineus, see Vesper Sparrow,

84Porzana Carolina, see Sora, 27Potato-bird (Rose-breasted Grosbeak), 79Potato-bug-bird (Rose-breasted Grosbeak),

79Prairie-hen (Prairie Chicken), 21, 24Preacher-bird (Red-eyed Vireo), 64Progne subis, see Purple Martin, 53Protonotaria citrea, see Prothonotary

Warbler, 65

Qua-bird (Black-crowned Night Heron), 4Quail (Bob-white), 23, 24Quail, American (Bob-white), 23, 24Quail, Bobwhite (Bob-white), 23, 24Quail, Bobwhite (chick), 24Quails, 23-25Quaily (Upland Plover), 35Quank, Big (White-breasted Nuthatch),

56Quank, Little (Red-Breasted Nuthatch),

56Quawk (Black-crowned Night Heron), 4Querquedula cyanoptera, see Cinnamon

Teal, 8Querquedula discors, see Blue-winged Teal,

8Quiscalus quiscula aeneus, see Bronzed

Crackle, 76

Rail, Carolina (Sora), 27Rail, Chicken (Yellow Rail), 27Rail, Chicken-billed (Sora), 27Rail, Common (Sora), 27Rail, Great Red-breasted (King Rail), 27Rail, King, 27Rail, Little Red-breasted (Virginia Rail),

27Rail, Long-billed (Virginia Rail), 27Rail, Sora, 27Rail, Virginia, 27Rail, Yellow, 27

INDEX

Rail, Yellow-breasted (Yellow), 27Eail-bird (Sora), 27Rails, 27Rallidae, see Rails, Gallinules, and Coots,

27, 28Rallus elegans, see King Rail, 27Rallus limicola, see Virginia Rail, 27Raven, 55Red-bird (Cardinal), 79Red-bird, Cardinal (Cardinal), 79Red-bird, Black-winged (Scarlet Tana-

ger), 78Red-bird, Virginia (Cardinal), 79Red-breast (Dowitcher), 31Red-breast (American Knot), 37Redhead, 9Redpoll, Common, 81Redpoll, Hoary, 81Redpoll, Lesser (Common Redpoll), 81Redpoll, Mealy (Hoary Redpoll), 81Redstart, American, 72Red-tail (Red-tailed Hawk), 15Red-wing, Giant (Red-winged Blackbird),

74Reed-bird (Bobolink), 73Regulus satrapa, see Golden-crowned King-

let, 61Rhynchophanes mccowni, see McCown's

Longspur, 89Rice-bird (Florida Gallinule), 28Rice-bird (Bobolink), 73Rice-hen (Florida Gallinule), 28Richmondena cardinalis, see Cardinal, 79Ring-bill (Ring-necked Duck), 9Ring-neck (Ring-necked Duck), 9Ring-neck (Piping Plover), 29Ring-neck, Chinese (Ring-necked Pheas-

ant), 25Ring-plover (Semipalmated Plover), 29Ring-plover, Pale (Piping Plover), 29Ring-plover, White (Piping Plover), 29Riparia riparia riparia, see Bank Swal-

low, 52Robber, Camp (Canada Jay), 54Robin, American (Robin), 59Robin, Eastern, 59"Robin," Golden (Baltimore Oriole), 75"Robin," Ground (Towhee), 88Robin Red-breast (Robin), 59Rough-leg, American (American Rough-

legged Hawk), 16Rough-leg, Ferruginous, 16Ruby-crown (Ruby-crowned Kinglet), 61

Sanderling, 37Sandpiper, Baird's, 34Sandpiper, Bartramian (Upland Plover),

35Sandpiper, Bartram's (Upland Plover),

35Sandpiper, Black - bellied (Red - backed

Sandpiper), 37Sandpiper, Black-breasted (Red-backed

Sandpiper), 37Sandpiper, Bonaparte's (White - rumped

Sandpiper), 36Sandpiper, Buff-breasted, 35Sandpiper, Least, 34Sandpiper, Long-legged (Stilt Sandpip-

er), 33Sandpiper, Pectoral, 33

Sandpiper, Red-backed, 37Sandpiper, Red - breasted (American

Knot), 37Sandpiper, Semipalmated, 34Sandpiper, Solitary, 36Sandpiper, Spotted, 33Sandpiper, Stilt, 33Sandpiper, White-rumped, 36Sandpipers, 31-37Sapsucker (Yellow-bellied Sapsucker), 48Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied, 48Saw-bill (Red-breasted Merganser), 12Saw-bill, Big (American Merganser), 12Saw-bill, Little (Hooded Merganser), 12Sayornis phoebe, see Phoebe, 51Scaup, Greater, 9Scaup, Lesser, 9Scaup, Ring-necked (Ring-necked Duck), 9Scolopacidae, see Woodcock, Snipe, and

Sandpipers, 30-37Scoter, American, 11Scoter, Black (American Scoter), 11Scoter, Butter-nosed (American Scoter),

11Scoter, Surf, 11Scoter, White-winged, 11Scotiaptex nebulosa nebulosa, see Great

Gray Owl, 44Seiurus aurocapillus, see Oven-bird, 72Seiurus motacilla, see Louisiana Water-

Thrush, 70Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis, see Grin-

nell's Water-Thrush, 70Setophaga ruticilla, see American Red-

start, 72Shag (Double-crested Cormorant), 3"Sharp-tail" (Pintail), 7Sharp-tail (Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse),

22, 24Sheldrake, Big (American Merganser), 12Sheldrake, Hooded (Hooded Merganser),

12Sheldrake, Red - breasted (Red - breasted

Merganser), 12Shelduck (American and Red - breasted

Mergansers), 12Shite-poke (American Bittern), 5Shore Birds, 29-38Shore-lark (Prairie Horned Lark), 89Shoveler, 8Shrike, Great Northern (Northern Shrike),

63Shrike, Migrant, 63Shrike, Northern, 63Shrikes, 63Sialia sialis, see Bluebird, 59Siskin, Pine, 80Sitta canadensis, see Red-breasted Nut-

hatch, 56Sitta carolinensis carolinensis, see White-

breasted Nuthatch, 56Sittidae, see Nuthatches, 56Skunk-head (Surf Scoter), 11Skylark, American (American Pipit), 89Skylark, Missouri (Sprague's Pipit), 89Slough-pumper (American Bittern), 5Snipe (Wilson's Snipe), 31"Snipe," Baird's (Baird's Sandpiper), 34"Snipe," Black (Solitary Sandpiper), 36Snipe, English (Wilson's Snipe), 31"Snipe," Grass (Pectoral Sandpiper), 33

INDEX

"Snipe," Gray (Dowitcher), 31Snipe, Jack (Wilson's Snipe), 31"Snipe," Jack (Pectoral Sandpiper), 33"Snipe," Prairie (Upland Plover), 35"Snipe," Red-breasted (American Knot),

37"Snipe," Red-breasted (Long-billed Dow-

itcher), 31"Snipe," Robin (Long-billed Dowitcher), 31"Snipe," Robin (American Knot), 37"Snipe," Teeter (Spotted Sandpiper), 33Snipe, Wilson's, 31Snow-bird (Snow Bunting), 90Snow-bird, Black (Junco), 85Snowflake (Snow Bunting), 90Solitaire, Townsend's, 58Sora, 27South-southerly (Old-squaw), 10Sparrow, Baird's, 83Sparrow, Bay-winged (Vesper Sparrow),

84Sparrow, Black-crowned (Harris's Spar-

row), 87Sparrow, Chipping, 86Sparrow, Clay-colored, 86Sparrow, Dakota Song (Song Sparrow),

88Sparrow, English, 85Sparrow, Field, 86Sparrow, Fox, 88Sparrow, Fox-colored (Fox Sparrow), 88Sparrow, Gambel's, 87Sparrow, Grasshopper, 83Sparrow, Ground (Song Sparrow), 88Sparrow, Harris's, 87Sparrow, Henslow's, 83Sparrow, Hooded (Harris's Sparrow), 87Sparrow, House (English Sparrow), 85Sparrow, Intermediate (Gambel's Spar-

row), 87Sparrow, Lark, 84Sparrow, Leconte's, 83Sparrow, Lincoln's, 88Sparrow, Mourning (Harris's Sparrow),

87Sparrow, Nelson's, 83Sparrow, Nelson's Sharp-tailed (Nelson's

Sparrow), 83Sparrow, Ridgway's (Gambel's Sparrow),

87Sparrow, Savannah, 83Sparrow, Song, 88Sparrow, Swamp, 88Sparrow, Tree, 86Sparrow, Vesper, 84Sparrow, White-crowned, 87Sparrow, White-throated, 87Sparrow, Yellow - winged (Grasshopper

Sparrow), 83Sparrows, 79-90Spatula clypeata, see Shoveler, 8Speckle-belly (White-fronted Goose), 6Speckle-belly (Gadwall), 7Speckle - belly (Prairie Sharp-tailed

Grouse), 22, 24Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea, see Bur-

rowing Owl, 43Sphyrapicus varius varius, see Yellow-

bellied Sapsucker, 48Spike-tail (Pintail), 7Spike-tail (Ruddy Duck), 11

Spike-tail (Sharp-tailed Grouse), 22, 24Spinus pinus, see Pine Siskin, 80Spinus tristis, see Goldfinch, 80Spiza americana, see Dickcissel, 84Spizella arborea, see Tree Sparrow, 86Spizella pallida, see Clay-colored Sparrow,

86Spizella passerina, see Chipping Sparrow,

86Spizella pusilla, see Field Sparrow, 86"Spoon-bill" (Shoveler), 8Sprig (Pintail), 7Sprig-tail (Pintail), 7Spring-tail (Pintail), 7Spruce-hen (Canada Spruce Grouse), 20,

24Square-tail (Prairie Chicken), 21, 24Squatarola squatarola, see Black-bellied

Plover, 29Squawk (Black-crowned Night Heron), 4Squealer (Yellow-bellied Sapsucker), 48Stake-driver (American Bittern), 5Starling, 77Starling, English (Starling), 77Starling, European (Starling), 77Steganopus tricolor, see Wilson's Phala-

rope, 38Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis, see

Rough-winged Swallow, 52Sterna antillarum antillarum, see Least

Tern, in text facing Plate 40Sterna forsteri, see Forster's Tern, 40Sterna hirundo hirundo, see Common

Tern, 40Stint (Least Sandpiper), 34Strigidae, see Typical Owls, 43-45Strix varia, see Barred Owl, 44Sturnella magna, see Eastern Meadow-

lark, 73Sturnella neglecta, see Western Meadow-

lark, 73Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris, see Starling, 77Surnia ulula caparoch, see Hawk Owl, 45Swallow, Bank, 52Swallow, Barn, 53"Swallow," Chimney (Chimney Swift), 46Swallow, Cliff, 53Swallow, Crescent (Cliff Swallow), 53Swallow, Eave (Cliff Swallow), 53Swallow, Mud (Cliff Swallow), 53Swallow, Rough-winged, 52Swallow, Tree, 52Swallow, White-bellied (Tree Swallow),

52Swallows, 52, 53"Swallows," Sea (Terns), 40Swallow-tail (Swallow-tailed Kite), 13Swan, Common (Whistling Swan), 6Swan, Whistling, 6Swan, Wild (Whistling Swan), 6Swift, Chimney, 46Sylviidae, see Gnatcatchers and Kinglets,

61

Tanager, Scarlet, 78Tattler, Bartramian (Upland Plover), 35Tattler, Bartram's (Upland Plover), 35Tattler, Greater (Greater Yellow-legs), 32Tattler, Little Yellow-legged (Lesser Yel-

low-legs), 32

INDEX

Tattler, Long-legged (Greater Yellow-legs), 32

Tattler, Semipalmated (Western Willet),35

Tattler, Solitary (Solitary Sandpiper), 36Teacher-bird (Oven-bird), 72Teakettle-bird (Carolina Wren), 57Teal, Blue-winged, 8Teal, Cinnamon, 8Teal, Green-winged, 8Teal, Red-headed (Green-winged Teal), 8Teal, Summer (Blue-winged Teal), 8Teeter (Spotted Sandpiper), 33"Teeter-snipe" (Spotted Sandpiper), 33Teeter-tail (Spotted Sandpiper), 33Tell-tale, Greater (Greater Yellow-legs),

32Tell-tale, Lesser (Lesser Yellow-legs), 32Tell-tale, Little (Lesser Yellow-legs), 32Telmatodytes palustris palustris, see Long-

billed Marsh Wren, 57Tern, Black, 40Tern, Caspian, 40Tern, Common, 40Tern, Forster's, 40Tern, Imperial (Caspian Tern), 40Tern, Least, in text facing Plate 40Tern, Short-tailed (Black Tern), 40Tern, Wilson's (Common Tern), 40Terns, 40Tetraonidae, see Grouse, 20-24Thistle-bird (Goldfinch), 80Thrasher, Brown, 58Thraupidae, see Tanagers, 78Thrush, Alice's (Gray-cheeked Thrush),

60"Thrush," Brown (Brown Thrasher), 58"Thrush," Golden - crowned (Oven-bird),

72Thrush, Gray-cheeked, 60Thrush, Hermit, 60Thrush, Migratory (Robin), 59Thrush, Olive-backed, 60Thrush, Song (Wood Thrush), 60Thrush, Swainson's (Olive - backed Thrush),

60Thrush, Willow, 60Thrush, Wood, 60Thrushes, 59, 60Thryomanes bewicki bewicki, see Bewick's

Wren, 57Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus,

see Carolina Wren, 57Thunder-pump (American Bittern), 5Tilt-up (Spotted Sandpiper), 33Tip-up (Spotted Sandpiper), 33Tit, Tufted (Tufted Titmouse), 56Titlark, American (American Pipit), 89Titlark, Missouri (Sprague's Pipit), 89Titlark, Sprague's (Sprague's Pipit), 89Titmice, 56Titmouse, Black - capped (Black - capped

Chickadee), 56Titmouse, Crested (Tufted Titmouse), 56Titmouse, Hudsonian (Hudsonian Chicka-

dee), 56Titmouse, Tufted, 56Totanus flavipes, see Lesser Yellow-legs,

32Totanus melanoleucus, see Greater Yellow-

legs, 32

Towhee, 88Toxostoma rufum, see Brown Thrasher,

58"Tree-duck" (Wood Duck), 8%Tringa solitaria, see Solitary Sandpiper,

36Trochilidae, see Hummingbirds, 46%Troglodytes aedon, see House Wren, 57Troglodytidae, see Wrens, 57Troupial, Yellow-headed (Yellow-headed

Blackbird), 74Tryngites subruficollis, see Buff-breasted

Sandpiper, 35Turdidae, see Thrushes, Bluebirds, and

Solitaires, 58-60Turdus migratorius migratorius, see Rob-

in, 59"Turkey" (Sandhill Crane), 26Turnstone, American (Ruddy Turnstone),

36Turnstone, Ruddy, 36Tympanuchus cupido americanus, see

Prairie Chicken, 21, 24Tyrannidae, see Tyrant Flycatchers, 50,

51Tyrannus tyrannus, see Eastern King-

bird, 50Tyrannus verticalis, see Arkansas King-

bird, 50Tyto alba pratincola, see Barn Owl, 43Tytonidae, see Barn Owls, 43

Veery (Willow Thrush), 60Vermivora celata celata, 66Vermivora chrysoptera, see Golden-

winged Warbler, 65Vermivora peregrina, see Tennessee

Warbler, 66Vermivora pinus, see Blue-winged War-

bler, 65Vermivora ruficapilla ruficapilla, see

Nashville Warbler, 66Vireo belli belli, see Bell's Vireo, 64Vireo, Bell's, 64Vireo, Blue-headed, 64Vireo, Brotherly-love (Philadelphia Vir-

eo), 64Vireo flavifrons, see Yellow-throated Vir-

eo, 64Vireo gilvus, see Warbling Vireo, 64Vireo griseus, see White-eyed Vireo, in

text facing Plate 64Vireo olivaceus, see Red-eyed Vireo, 64Vireo, Philadelphia, 64Vireo philadelphicus, see Philadelphia Vir-

eo, 64Vireo, Red-eyed, 64Vireo solitarius solitarius, see Blue-head-

ed Vireo, 64Vireo, Solitary (Blue-headed Vireo), 64Vireo, Warbling, 64Vireo, White-eyed, in text facing Plate 64Vireo, Yellow-throated, 64Vireos, 64Vireonidae, see Vireos, 64Vulture, Turkey, 13

Wag-tail, Water (Louisiana Water-Thrush), 70

Wah-quoat (American Knot), 37Warbler, Azure (Cerulean Warbler), 68

INDEX

Warbler, Bay-breasted, 69Warbler, Black and White, 65Warbler, Black and White Creeping (Black

and White Warbler), 65Warbler, Black and Yellow (Magnolia

Warbler), 67Warbler, Blackburnian, 68Warbler, Black-capped (Wilson's War-

bler), 70Warbler, Black-capped Fly-catching (Wil-

son's Warbler), 70Warbler, Black-capped Yellow (Wilson's

Warbler), 70Warbler, Black-masked (Northern Yellow-

throat), 71Warbler, Black-poll, 69Warbler, Black-throated Blue, 67Warbler, Black-throated Green, 68Warbler, Blue-eyed (Yellow Warbler), 67Warbler, Blue Golden - winged (Golden-

winged Warbler), 65Warbler, Blue-winged, 65Warbler, Blue-winged Yellow (Blue-winged

Warbler), 65Warbler, Blue Yellow-backed (Northern

Parula Warbler), 65Warbler, Canada, 70Warbler, Canadian Fly-catching (Canada

Warbler), 70Warbler, Cape May, 66Warbler, Cerulean, 68Warbler, Chestnut-sided, 69Warbler, Connecticut, 71Warbler, Golden Swamp (Prothonotary

Warbler), 65Warbler, Golden-winged, 65Warbler, Jack-pine (Kirtland's Warbler),

67Warbler, Kirtland's, 67Warbler, Magnolia, 67Warbler, Mourning, 71Warbler, Myrtle, 67Warbler, Nashville, 66Warbler, Necklaced (Canada Warbler),

70Warbler, Northern Parula, 65Warbler, Orange-crowned, 66Warbler, Orange-throated (Blackburnian

Warbler), 68Warbler, Palm, 72Warbler, Pine, 68Warbler, Pine-creeping (Pine Warbler),

68Warbler, Prothonotary, 65Warbler, Red-capped (Nashville War-

bler), 66Warbler, Summer (Yellow Warbler), 67Warbler, Tennessee, 66Warbler, Western Palm, 72Warbler, Western Red-poll (Palm War-

bler), 72Warbler, Wilson's, 70Warbler, Wilson's Black-capped (Wilson's

Warbler), 70Warbler, Wilson's Fly-catching (Wilson's

Warbler), 70Warbler, Yellow, 67Warbler, Yellow-crowned (Myrtle War-

bler), 67Warbler, Yellow-rumped (Myrtle War-

bler), 67

Warblers, Wood, 65-72Water-Thrush, Grinnell's, 70Water - Thrush, Large-billed (Louisiana

Water-Thrush), 70Water-Thrush, Louisiana, 70Water - Thrush, Small-billed (Grinnell's

Water-Thrush), 70Water - Thrush, Southern (Louisiana

Water-Thrush), 70Water - witch (Horned and Pied - billed

Grebes), 2Wavey, Blue (Blue Goose), 6Wavey, Common (Lesser Snow Goose), 6Wavey, Gray (White-fronted Goose), 6Wavey, Lesser (Lesser Snow Goose), 6Wavey, Little (Lesser Snow Goose), 6Wavey, White (Lesser Snow Goose), 6Waxwing, Bohemian, 62Waxwing, Carolina (Cedar Waxwing), 62Waxwing, Cedar, 62Waxwing,Northern (BohemianWaxwing),

62Waxwing, Southern (Cedar Waxwing), 62Waxwings, 62Whip-poor-will, 46Whisky Jack (Canada Jay), 54Whisky John (Canada Jay), 54Whistler (American and Barrow's Gold-

en-eyes), 10Whistle-wing (American Golden-eye), 10White-back (Canvas-back), 9White-belly (Baldpate), 7White-belly (Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse),

22 24White-bill (American Coot), 28White-crown (White-crowned Sparrow),

87White-face (Baldpate), 7White-throat (White-throated Sparrow),

87White-wing (White-winged Scoter), 11White-wing (Western Willet), 35Widgeon, American (Baldpate), 7Widgeon, Bald (Baldpate), 7Widgeon, Gray (Gadwall), 7Widgeon, Wood (Wood Duck), 8V2Willet, Western, 35Wilsonia canadensis, see Canada War-

bler, 70Wilsonia pusilla pusilla, see Wilson's

Warbler, 70Woodcock, American, 30Woodpecker, American Three-toed, 49Woodpecker, Arctic Three-toed, 49Woodpecker, Banded Three-toed (Ameri-

can Three-toed Woodpecker), 49Woodpecker, Black (Pileated Woodpeck-

er), 49Woodpecker, Black - backed Three - toed,

49Woodpecker, Downy, 48Woodpecker, Golden-winged (Flicker), 47Woodpecker, Hairy, 48Woodpecker, Pileated, 49Woodpecker, Red-bellied, 47Woodpecker, Red-headed, 47Woodpecker, Yellow-bellied (Yellow-bel-

lied Sapsucker), 48Woodpeckers, 47-49Wren, Bewick's, 57Wren, Carolina, 57

INDEX

Wren, Cattail (Long-billed Marsh Wren),57

Wren, Common (House Wren), 57"Wren," Golden-crested (Golden-crowned

Kinglet), 61"Wren," Golden-crowned (Golden-crowned

Kinglet), 61Wren, Great Carolina (Carolina Wren),

57Wren, House, 57Wren, Long-billed Marsh, 57Wren, Long-tailed House (Bewick's

Wren), 57Wren, Mocking (Carolina Wren), 57Wren, Prairie Marsh (Long-billed Marsh

Wren), 57"Wren," Ruby - crested (Ruby - crowned

Kinglet), 61"Wren," Ruby - crowned (Ruby - crowned

Kinglet), 61Wren, Short-billed Marsh, 57Wren, Winter, 57Wrens, 57

Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, see Yel-low-headed Blackbird, 74

Yellow-bird (Goldfinch), 80Yellow-bird, Summer (Yellow Warbler),

67Yellow-hammer (Flicker), 47Yellow-legs, Greater, 32Yellow-legs, Lesser, 32Yellow-rump (Myrtle Warbler), 67Yellow-throat, Maryland (Northern Yel-

low-throat), 71Yellow-throat, Northern, 71

Zenaidura macroura, see Mourning Dove,41

Zonotrichia albicollis, see White-throatedSparrow, 87

Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli, see Gam-bel's Sparrow, 87

Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys, seeWhite-crowned Sparrow, 87

Zonotrichia querula, see Harris's Sparrow,87

295 American Birds - Bird Portraits in Color

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