28901379-Ccna-Book-Final.doc

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Netmetric Solution

(India)

Version 1.1

www.netmetric-solutions.com

email: [email protected]

CCNA Cisco Certified Network AssociateStudy Guide
http://www.netmetric-solutions.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.netmetric-solutions.com/


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INDEX Router basics

Router symbol

Router topology

Switch and HUB

Definations of

!"#I"

I" address

subnet mas$

%&S' (subnetting)

!IDR (supernetting)

I" *ddressing and Subnetting

Different classes of I" address

Subnetting (%&S')

Based of no of host

Based on no of subnets

Supernetting(!IDR)

Router Basics

Definition of a router

function of a router

series of a router

types and hierarchy of a router

Router Hardware

E+ternal components of the router

Serial ports

Ethernet or *UI ports !onsole and au+iliary ports

!hassis

"ower Supply

Internal components of the router

R,'

-&*SH

N%R*'

R*'

Router Boot.up Se/uence

",S

BI,S

-&*SH

N%R*'

R*'

Router !onfiguration 'odes

Setup 'ode

Co#yri$t % 1&&'-!((). Netmetric Solutions. All *i$ts *eser+ed www.netmetric-solutions.com

Cisco, Cisco Systems, and t$e Cisco Systems loo are reistered trademarks or trademarks of Cisco Systems, nc. andor its affiliates in t$e /.S. and certain ot$er

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User mode

"ri0ilege mode

1lobal configuration mode

Interface mode

Router mode

&ine mode

R,' mode

Router !onfiguration Basic !ommands

%arious Show commands

*ssigning I" address to serial interface

*ssigning I" address to Ethernet Interface

*ssigning Enable and Enable secret password

*ssigning line2 console and au+iliary passwords

3*N E!HN,&,1IES

ypes of 3*N connecti0ity ypes of 3*N "rotocols

HD&!

"""

""" authentication protocols

"*"

!H*"

-rame Relay "rotocol

3hat is "%! and S%!

D&!I number

Encapsulation types

&'I standards

In0erse *R"

Using -" Ser0er

o !onfigurations I,S bac$up

o !onfigurations of I,S Restore

o !onfiguration of I,S Repair

"assword Reco0ery

o ,n fi+ed routers

o ,n modular routers

o !onfiguration of 0arious I,S registers

Routing "rotocols

Basic of routing

ypes of routing

Static routing

Default routing

Dynamic routing





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3hat is I1" and E1"

Dynamic Routing "rotocols

Distance %ector "rotocol

o RI"

o I1"R

&in$ state "rotocol

o ,S"-

Hybrid "rotocol

o EI1R"

*ccess &ists

Standard *ccess &ists

o 3hat is 3ild card mas$

o *ssigning Standand list on 0ariours intefaces

E+tended *ccess &ists

o *ssigning Standand list on 0ariours intefaceso Different protocols and port no

N*IN1

o Dynamic N*

o Static N*

o "*

I"04

%"N

3hat is %"N

ypes of %"N

*d0antages of %"N

%"N protocols (&5 and &6)

,SI Reference 'odel

&ayer of ,SI model

o *pplication layer

o "resentation layer

o Session layer

o ransport layer

o Networ$ layer

o Data lin$ layer

o "hysical layer

Switching Differences among HUB2 Repeater 2 Bridge and Switch

Broadcast and collision domain

-unction of a switch

ypes of switches

o 'anageable Switches

o Unmanageable Switches





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Series of switches

!onfiguration and modes of Switches

Switch port modes

o *ccess port

o run$ port

run$ing "rotocols

o IS&

o 7859:/

%&*N

3hat is %&*N

ypes of %&*N

o Static %&*N

o Dynamic %&*N

%" (%lan trun$ing "rotocol)

'odes of %"o Ser0er

o !lient

o ransparent

S" and *d0ance S"

!D"





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Router

It is an internetworking device used to connect two or more different networks

It works on layer 3 i.e. network layer

Routers divide larger network into logically designed network

It does two basic things

Select the best path from the routing table

Forward the packet on that path.

E+ample (Router makes it possible to connect two different networks)

H! and ".S.# are two routers connecting two different sites via $#% &$ide #rea

%etwork)

H! '#% is in :8989898networkCo#yri$t % 1&&'-!((). Netmetric Solutions. All *i$ts *eser+ed www.netmetric-solutions.com



(asic %etwork !evices


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".S.# '#% is in 58989898network

$#% 'ink is in :989898network

Note; . E0ery Interface of the Router 'ust Ha0e Different Networ$ *ddress Else

!ommunication 3ill Not Happen

Hub

Its a layer one device &*hysical 'ayer)

Its not an intelligent device

+very time when it receive the frame it does broadcast

It uses ,S-#,!

It works on shared bandwidth

It does half duple/ transmission

It has one broadcast domain

It has one collision domain

Switch

It a layer 0 device &!ata 'ink 'ayer)

It is an intelligent device

$orks on -#, &media access control) addresses

It maintains ,#- &content addressable memory) table


+ach port is consider as one collision domain

%umber of port is e1ual to number of collision domain

It works on full duple/

It uses hardware called #SI, pplication Specific Integrated ,ircuit) which

makes switch much faster.

Note;.(ridges and Switches both are layer 0 works on -#, address but bridges

are software base switching and Switches are hardware switching base &I.e. #SI,)

Hardware base switching is faster than software base switching.

3hat is !"#I"

!isable

RouterDenable

,trl?G

Routerconfig t

,trl?G

Int e ;;

Int s ;;

Router !onfiguration !ommands

Editing commands

,trl?# beginning of line

,trl?+ end of line

,trl?F forward one character

,trl?( back one character +sc?F forward one word

+sc?( back one word

!ommand History

Router show history




ser *

rivile#ed*

lo!lo"fi#ur!tio"

+"terf!e


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+nabled by default

4; commands recorded in history buffer by default

@se history sie command to change to a ma/imum of 0


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Shows statisticsparameters for all configured interfaces

Show flash

Shows information on Flash memory device

Show ip interface brief

Show the assigned ip address and status of the interfaces

Securing Router *ccess hrough "asswords

Router&config)line console ;

Router &config?line) loginRouter &config?line) "asswordcisco403

Setting an Enable 'ode "assword

Router &config) enable passwordcisco403

Setting an Encrypted Enable 'ode "assword

Router&config)enable secretcisco

Setting elnet "assword

Router &config) line 0ty 8 @Router &config?line) loginRouter &config?line) "asswordcisco403

Difference between enable password and enable secret password

4. +nable secret is a secure password keeps the password encrypted in the configuration.

0. $hereas enable password is clear te/t no security

3. +nable secret has more priority and preference over enable password5. If both the passwords are configured enable secret password will be active and enable

password becomes useless





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3*N connections are di0ided into three types

4) !edicated line

0) ,ircuit switched

3) *acket switched

Dedicated line;.

*ermanent connection for the destination

@sed for short or long distance

(andwidth is fi/ed




$#% ,onnectivit


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#vailability is 05=

,harges are fi/ed whether used or not.

@ses analog circuits

#lways same path is used for destination

+/ample is 'eased 'ine

!ircuit switched;.

It is also used for short and medium distances.

(andwidth is fi/ed

,harges depend on usage of line

#lso called as line on demand.

@sually used for backup line

,onnects at (RI port of router

IS!% and *S2% are the e/amples

"ac$et switched;.

@sed for medium or longer connections

(andwidth is shared

-any virtual connections on one physical connection

+/ampleC ? Frame Relay

&eased line; ? # permanent dedicated physical connection which is used to connect

two different geographical areas. 2his connection is provided by telecommunicationcompanies like (S%' in India.

'eased line provides service 05= through out the year: not like !ial?up ,onnectionwhich can be connected when re1uired. 'eased 'ines are obtained depending on the

annual rental basis. -oreover: its rent depends on the distance between the sites.

&eased &ine is of three types4) Short 'eased 'ine0) -edium 'eased 'ine

3) 'ong 'ease 'ine &I*',)

Short leased linewhich is used with in the city and cost is also less for it.





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'edium leased lineis used to connect sites in two different states like Hyderabad and

,hennai.

&ong &eased &inealso called as I*',. It stands for International private lease circuit

uses to connect two different countries. Its the most e/pensive among all.

I. 'eased 'ine provides e/cellent 1uality of service with high speed of datatransmission.

II. #s its a private physical connection assures complete security and privacy even

with voice.

III. Speed of the leased line varies from 65 kbps to 0 -bps or more. #lways 'eased

'ine has fi/ed bandwidth.

Note;.

9nce leased line is setup not only we can send data but transmission of voice is also

possible. In addition to this: both voice and date can be sent simultaneously.

,oming to the hardware re1uirements

:) &eased &ine 'odem5) %96A connector cable

6) 19C86 connector cable

'eased line -odem also called as ,S@!S@ &,hannel Service @nit and !ata Service@nit). It acts as a !,+ device which generates clock rate.

Note; . while practicing labs we use %96A cable for bac$ to bac$ connection with

router where as in real time %96A cable terminates at the &ease &ine 'odem9 hats

the reason we ha0e to use cloc$ rate command in the labs where as its not re/uire in

the real scenario9 !SU#DSU is used to generate the speed9

In different countries different codes are used for 'eased 'ine with different speeds. In

+urope its is identified as + whereas in @" its is identified with letter 2

In +urope: there are five types of lines distinguished according to their speedC

+; &65"bps):

+4 30 +; lines &0-bps):

+4 407 +; lines &7-bps):

+3 46 +4 lines &35-bps):

+5 65 +4 lines &45;-bps)

In the @nited States: the concept is as followsC

T1&4.


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T4 467 24 lines &0=< -bps)

*d0antages

o ,omplete secure

o High (andwidth

o High speed connection

o Superior 1uality

o Reliable

Disad0antages

o +/pensive

o *ermanent physical connection

'eased 'ines uses two types of $#% encapsulation protocolsC

:) High Data &in$ "rotocol (HD&!)

5) "oint to "oint "rotocol (""")

HD&! Encapsulation;.

H!', &High?level !ata 'ink ,ontrol) is a ,IS,9 proprietary.

It is a default setting for ,IS,9 routers in serial interfaces.

It is used whenever you are going to connect a serial circuit with ,IS,9 routers

across the entire network. H!', doesnt support authentication and compression.

H!', protocol is faster than ***.

If both ends of a leased?line connection are routers running ,isco I9S software:

H!', encapsulation is typically used.

,isco H!', is a point?to?point protocol that can be used on leased lines between

two ,isco devices. If the serial interface is configured with another encapsulation protocol: use the

encapsulation hdlccommand to specify the encapsulation protocol on the

interface.

!onfiguration of HD&!;.




$#% *rotocols


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Router(config)?interface serial 8#8

Router(config.if)?encapsulation hdlc

Note; . In point to point lin$s both sides protocols must be same li$e HD&!.HD&! and

"""."""9

If the protocols mismatch then in show interface +9+F command line protocol downmessage

will appear9

*** &*oint to *oint *rotocol) is a standard encapsulation.

*** encapsulation provides ,isco I9S software to devices that are not

running ,isco I9S software connectivity over leased $#% lines.

It is a little more comple/ than H!',.

""" -eatures;.

:) *uthentication

5) 'ultilin$

6) !ompression

""" is made up of two sub.protocolsC?

:)&in$ !ontrol "rotocol . @sed for establishing the point?to?point link.5)Networ$ !ontrol "rotocol .@sed for configuring the various network layer

protocols.

&in$ !ontrol "rotocol (&!")

&in$.establishment ;.In this process frames are used to establish and configure a

link





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&in$.termination;.In this process frames are used to terminate a link

&in$.maintenance;.In this process frames are used to manage and debug a link

Networ$ !ontrol "rotocol (N!")

*** uses the %etwork ,ontrol *rotocol &%,*) component to specify: encapsulate andnegotiate options for multiple network layer protocols.

For every network layer protocol used: a separate %etwork ,ontrol *rotocol &%,*) is

provided.

For e/ample: Internet *rotocol &I*) uses the I* ,ontrol *rotocol &I*,*): and

Internetwork *acket +/change &I*E) uses the %ovell I*E ,ontrol *rotocol&I*E,*).

""" session establishment

$hen *** connections are started: the links go through three phases of

Session establishment.

&in$.establishment phase ',* packets are sent by each *** device to configure and

test the link. 2hese packets contain a field called the ,onfiguration 9ption that allowseach device to see the sie of the data: compression: and authentication. If no

,onfiguration 9ption field is present: then the default configurations are used.

*uthentication phase If re1uired: either ,H#* or *#* can be used to authenticate alink. #uthentication takes place before %etwork layer protocol information is read. It is

possible that link?1uality determination may occur at this same time.

Networ$ layer protocolphase *** uses theNetwork Control Protocol (NCP) to allow

multiple %etwork layer protocols to be encapsulated and sent over a *** data link. +ach

%etwork layer protocol &e.g.: I*: I*E: and #pple2alk: which are routed protocols)establishes a service with %,*.





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""" supports two authentication protocols;

4) *#* &*assword #uthentication *rotocol)

0) ,H#* &,hallenge Handshake #uthentication *rotocol)

"*" ("assword *uthentication "rotocol)

*#* provides a simple method for a remote node to establish its identity using a

two?way handshake.

*#* is done only upon initial link establishment

*fter the """ lin$ establishment phase is complete;

# usernamepassword pair is repeatedly sent by the remote node to the router untilauthentication is acknowledged: or the connection is terminated.

*#* is not a strong authentication protocol.

*asswords are sent across the link in clear te/t. 2here is no protection from playback or repeated trial?and?error attacks.

2he remote node is in control of the fre1uency and timing of the login attempts.

!H*" (!hallenge Handsha$e *uthentication "rotocol)





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#fter the *** link establishment phase is complete: the local router sends a uni1ue

JchallengeK message to the remote node.

2he remote node responds with a value &-!


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!onfiguring """ !ompression

2o configure compression over ***: enter the following commandsC

Router(config)?interface serial 8#8Router(config.if)?encapsulation ppp

Router(config.if)?compress Gpredictor stac

!onfiguring """ 'ultilin$

2he following commands perform load balancing across serial s;; and s;4 multiple

linksC

Router(config)?interface serial 8#8Co#yri$t % 1&&'-!((). Netmetric Solutions. All *i$ts *eser+ed www.netmetric-solutions.com




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Router(config.if)?encapsulation ppp

Router(config.if)?ppp multilin$ :

Router(config)?interface serial 8#:


Router(config.if)?ppp multilin$ :

Router(config)? interface multilin$ :

Router(config.if)?ip address :9:9:9: 5AA989898

Router(config.if)?

!onfiguring """ *uthentication

Enable !H*" *uthentication



Router(config.if)?ppp authentication chap

Enable "*" *uthentication;.



Router(config.if)?ppp authentication pap

Difference Between HD&! and """

HD&! """

Higher level data link ,ontrol protocol *oint to *oint *rotocol

,isco *roprietary 'ayer 0 $#% *rotocol Standard 'ayer 0 $#% *rotocol

!oesnt support #uthentication Supports #uthentication

!oesnt support ,ompression and error Support error correctionCo#yri$t % 1&&'-!((). Netmetric Solutions. All *i$ts *eser+ed www.netmetric-solutions.com




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correction

!oesnt support -ultilink Support -ultilink

-R*'E RE&*J

Frame Relay is a connection oriented: standard %(-# layer 0 $#% protocol ,onnections in Frame Relay are provided by 8irtual circuits.

8irtual circuits are multiple logical connections on same physical connection

-rame Relay 0irtual connection types9

a) *8,b) S8,

#) "%! (permanent 0irtual connection);. Similar to the dedicated leased line.

*ermanent connection is used.

$hen constant data has to be sent to a particular destination.





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#lways use the same path.

() S%! (switched 0irtual connection)

8irtual connection is dynamically built when data has to be send and torn down

after use.

It is similar to the circuit switched network like dial on demand. #lso called as semi?permanent virtual circuit.

For periodic intervals of data with small 1uantity

here are two types of -rame relay encapsulations

4. ,isco &default and ,isco proprietary)

0. I+2F &when different vendor routers are used)

D&!I (data lin$ connection identifier);.

#ddress of 8irtual connections

For every 8, there is one !',I number.

'ocally significant and provided by Frame Relay service provider. Inverse #R* &address resolution protocol) is used to map local !',I to a remote

I*.

&'I (&ocal management interface);.

'-I allows !2+ &router) to send status en1uiry messages &keep alive)to !,+ &frame

relay switch) to e/change status information about the virtual circuits devices forchecking the connectivity.

-rame relay &'I typesL

4. ,IS,9 &!efault)

0. #%SI3. MN33#

Note;.9n ,isco router '-I is auto sense able no need to configure

Frame relay 0irtual connection status typesC?

4) *cti0eC ? ,onnection is up and operation between two !2+s e/istCo#yri$t % 1&&'-!((). Netmetric Solutions. All *i$ts *eser+ed www.netmetric-solutions.com




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0) Inacti0eC ? ,onnection is functioning between at least between !2+ and !,+

3) DeletedC ? 2he local !2+!,+ connection is not functioning.

D&!I (data lin$ connection identifier);.

#ddress of 8irtual connections For every 8, there is one !',I number.

'ocally significant and provided by Frame Relay service provider.

Inverse #R* &address resolution protocol) is used to map local !',I to a remote

I*.

-rame relay networ$ connections.

4)*oint to *oint0)*oint to -ultipoint &%(-#)

!ongestionindicates traffic problem in the path when more packets are transmitted in

one direction.

!ongestion notifications

4) F+,% &forward e/plicit congestion notification)

0) (+,% &backward e/plicit congestion notification)

-E!N

Indicates congestion as frame goes from source to destination





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@sed this value inside frame relay frame header in forward direction

F,+% ; indicates no congestion

BE!N

@sed by the destination &and send to source) to indicate that there is congestion.

@sed this value inside frame relay frame header in backward direction

(,+% ; indicates no congestion

*D%*N*1ES

8,s overcome the scalability problem of leased line by providing the multiple

logical circuits over the same physical connection

,heaper

(est 1uality 8,s are full duple/

Routing ,R, used for error checking

2his layer can also provide flow control services if protocol re1uires it.

*ackets from the %etwork layer are placed into frames

!ata 'ink layer handles physical transmission of data from one node to another

Handles error notification

I+++ subdivided this layer into 0 sublayers

!ogical !in$ %ontrol &!!%'

&&! used to support multiple networ$ protocols with single NI!

card9

@ses !estination Service #ccess *oints &!S#*) and Source Service

#ccess *oints &SS#*) to help lower protocols access %etwork layer

protocols(edia #cce %ontrol &(#%)

'*! is the physical address of the pc of si=e @7.bit9

Handles -#, addresses > first 6 digits of 40 he/ define vendor I!:

ne/t 6 is the serial number for that vendor I!

(uilds frames from bits *erforms ,R,

Internetworking devices used at the 0ndlayer

)ridge

Switche

"hysical &ayer (&ayer :)





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It transfers the data in bits format i.e. ;4;4;4;4;4; &eros and ones).

*laces frames: represented as bits: onto media as electric signals or pulses of light

Hubs and repeaters operate at this layer

Switching

Network connection de&ices

Hub

Repeater Switch

(ridge

Router

Hub

Its a layer one device


It has one collision domain

It uses ,S-#,!

It works on shared bandwidth

It does half duple/ transmission

Repeater

It a layer one device

It amplifies&strength) the signal and send to destination

@sed for long distance communications where signal strength become weak.

Switch

It a layer 0 device


+ach port is consider as one collision domain

%umber of port is e1ual to number of collision domain


It uses #R* &address resolution protocol)





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$orks on -#, &media access control) addresses

It maintains ,#- &content addressable memory) table

It works on full duple/

It uses hardware called #SI,

Bridges

It is a layer 0 device

$orks on software

Slower than switch

It has lesser number of ports than switch

Router

Its a layer 3 device


It is used to connect two different networks

In router %umber of broadcast domain is e1ual to %umber of interfaces

It can also work as packet filtering firewall: 8*% server: %#2 Server:!H,*

server etc

It does two basic functions

Select the best pathfrom the routing table

-orwardthe packet on it

Broadcast Domain

Set of all devices that receive broadcast frame originating from one device fromthe set.

!ollision Domain

# group of network nodes on an +thernet network that share the network media that

can e/perience collisions within a collision domain.

%etworks can be segmented into multiple collision domains for optimiation of

network functionality.

Switch -unctions

*ddress learning

Initially -#, address table is empty > switch will flood networks to forward

data

Hosts are added to the table as soon they start communicating

-rame filtering





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Unmanageable switches;.

*lug and *lay Switches

Switches which do not have console port and configuration of the switch is not

possible.

I* address cannot be assign to it

2elnet to the switch is not possible

Hierarchy of switches

4) #ccess layer

0) !istribution layer3) ,ore layer

Series of switches

3


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Networ$ Segmentation Using Routers

Routers create separate collision domains by creating separate layer 3 networks.

'ayer 3 networks are referred to as (roadcast domains.

In large networks: routers need to be able to carry the e/cessive load placed by a large

number of hosts.

Networ$ Segmentation Using Switches

# switch is essentially a bridge with multiple ports and intelligence

Switches forward data based on -#, addresses as they operate at layer 0

Switches will build forwarding tables the same way as bridges.

Switches increase the number of collision domains

+nables high speed data e/change

'#% switches can operate in three different modesC

,ut?through Frames forwarded as soon as the destination address is read and the

forwarding table is consulted

*roduces the lowest amount of latency

Fragment?free

Frames forwarded as soon as the first 65 bytes are received

Store and Forward

Frames forwarded once the entire frame is received

+nsures corrupt frames are not forwarded

'atency through the switch varies with frame length.

2he switch receives the complete frame before beginning to forward it. Highest latency

%irtual &*Ns (%&*Ns)

(uilding the multiple logical topologies over a single physical topology

!ividing the one single physical broadcast domain into multiple logical broadcast

domains.

# 8'#% is a broadcast domain: similar in concept to a domain

Hosts in different 8'#%s cannot communicate with each other: unless their data is

routed through a router 8'#%s can e/ist on a single switch: or they can e/ist on 5 or more switches.

If two or more switches are used: they must be connected using the trun$ port

(y default: all ports have membership of 8'#% 4

run$ing encapsulations

IS& (Inter Switch &in$) encapsulation9Co#yri$t % 1&&'-!((). Netmetric Solutions. All *i$ts *eser+ed www.netmetric-solutions.com




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7859:/

IS&

Its a ,isco proprietary

It adds 3; bytes to the header

#ll 8'#% traffic is tagged

It works with +thernet: 2oken ring: F!!I

7859:/

It is an open standard

It adds 5 bytes to the header

8'#% 4 traffic is untagged

It works only on +thernet

%&*N types

4) Static 8'#%0) !ynamic 8'#%

Static %&*N

It is port based 8'#%

-anually we have to assign ports.

It can be a member of only single 8'#%.

Dynamic %&*N

It is a -#, based 8'#%

It uses the software called as 8-*S &8'#% -embership *olicy Server)

+ach port can be a member of multiple 8'#%s

ypes of ports

#ccess port

2runk port

*ccess port;.

It is used to connect only computers: printers and laptops

run$ port;.

It is used to connect two switches or switch to router

It carrier the 8'#%s information form one switch to another switch.,ross cable must be use if connected between two switches

run$ing protocols

4)IS' &inter switch link)

0) 7;0.41





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Difference Between IS& and 7859:O

IS& 7859:O

Its a ,isco proprietary It is an open standard

It adds 3; bytes to the header It adds 5 bytes to the header #ll 8'#% traffic is tagged 8'#% 4 traffic is untagged

It works with +thernet: 2oken ring: F!!I It works only on +thernetFrame is not modified Frame is changed

&ooping Solutions PSpanning ree "rotocols (S")

#lgorithm developed by !+,: revised by I+++ &Specification 7;0.4d)

#voids loops by blocking traffic from entering and leaving one of the ports

S2* reconfigures as the network topology changes to avoid the creation of new loops

S2* enabled by default on all ,isco ,atalyst switches

Rules of Spanning ree

9ne root bridge per network

#ll ports are designated ports > i.e. in forwarding state

9ne root port per non designated root bridge

Root port will be the one which has the lowest cost &bandwidth) to root

bridge: will be in forwarding state

9ne designated port per segment

!esignated port will be in forwarding state

9thers will be non?designated ports and will be in blocking state > this helps

break the loop topology

Root bridge selection

Switches using S2* e/change configuration messages using a multicast frame: called

(ridge *rotocol !ata @nit &(!*@) every 0 seconds by default. 9ne suchconfiguration is the bridge I!: which will be used to determine the root bridge.

(ridge I! contains 30=67 &he/: default value) followed by -#, address: e.g.

30=67.4444.403a.35ef





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%" (%&*N run$ing "rotocol)

82* stands for 8'#% 2runking *rotocol

82* is used to share 8'#% information to ensure that swithes have consisent or

same 8'#% configuration in all the switches with same domain name.

It propagates 8'#% information form server switch to all ,lients.

It works only on 2runk line

82* messages are propagated only across trunk.

#ll the clients are in synchroniation with server with the help of revision

It reduces the #dministrative work

It provides authentication.

In 82* configuration mandatory we have to configure these parameters

82* domainC ? must be same in all the switches. 82* modeC ? server or client or transparent. (y default mode is server.

82* *asswordC ? Its a optional. 2o keep authentication among all the switches.

,n all switches domain and authentication must be match9

It has three modes

4) server





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0) client

3) transparent

In ser0er mode8'#%s can be added: deleted or modified.

In client mode8'#%s cannot be added: deleted or modified. 9nly it accepts the 8'#%form the server and save only in the R#- i.e. running config.

In ransparent mode8'#%s can be added locally and it passes 8'#% information

from server mode to client mode. It ignores 82* messages.

!onfiguration of %"

Switch&config) vtp domain any?name

Switch&config) vtp mode serverclienttransparentSwitch&config) vtp password any?password

,%ER%IE3

*rovides details about directly connected ,isco devices: such as address: protocol

used

,!* starts automatically by default for I9S 4;.3 and later

,!* operates at 'ayer 0: so it is not necessary for the neighboring device to be in thesame domain: or share a common network address for communication

#dvertisements about neighbors are multicast to the address ;4;;.;ccc.cccc

Routes are learned through hellotype updates

!D" "arameters




,isco !iscover *rotocol ,!*


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!D" imer

How often updates are sent

!efault 6; seconds

2o change default time

Router&config)cdp timernew_update_time

!D" Holdtime

2he time the ,!* packet sent should be kept by the receiving router before being

discarded

!efault 47; seconds

2o change default time

Router&config)cdp holdtimenew_holdtime

Disabling and Enabling !D"

2o disable ,!*

Router&config)no cdp enable

2o disable ,!* on an interface

Router&config?if)no cdp enable

2o enable ,!*

Router&config)cdp run

Showing !D" Neighbors

For each connected ,isco device: the following information can be displayed

!evice I! router hostnamedomain name

'ocal port type and e.g. +thernet ;;

Holdtime

!evice capability e.g. router: switch

Hardware platform e.g. 06;;: 4N;;

I9S version

%eighbours remote port type and number

For a brief summary

Routershow cdp neighbors

For detailed information

Routershow cdp neighbors detail





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2o look at a single device

Routershow cdp entryrouter_name

2o display information about your local router

Routershow cdp interface

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