28-2 Japan Modernizes

Tokugawa Shogunate

• 1603-1868• Characterized by isolation• Japan closed off to all trade (except Dutch and

Chinese)• Centralized feudalism: strong central

government

FeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan:

Shogun

Daimyo Daimyo

Samurai Samurai Samurai

Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant

Land - Shoen

Land - Shoen

Protection

Loyalty

Loyalty

Food

Feudal Society

The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!

Social Structure

• Shogun: chief general who ran country• Damiyo: great landowners• Samurai: warrior knights

Samurai

JAPAN ENDS ITS ISOLATION

Facing the Demand for Foreign Trade

• Europeans and U.S. start to demand that Japan open up to foreign trade. Japan initially refuses

Commodore Matthew Perry

• 1853: Perry sails 4 steamships to harbor at Edo (Tokyo) with letter from President Millard Fillmore

• Letter – asks Japan to allow U.S. ships to refuel

Treaty of Kanagawa

• 1854: Japan opens up 2 ports to U.S. ships

Why does Japan sign the Treaty of Kanagawa?

Significance?• Opens up door for other

Western powers

Japan learns a lesson from the Chinese

The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners.

Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a

colony of Great Britain and France.

Japanese diary entry, 1862

Remember China, the Opium Wars, etc???

• Opium Wars – extraterritorial rights, etc.• Open Door Policy• Spheres of influence

• Japan is convinced that it has to open up to the west

The Shogunate is Overthrown!

Japanese angry at shogun for agreeing to Kanagawa…losing control of country??

Emperor Mutsuhito Restored to Power

Meiji Restoration• Meiji = Enlightened• Look to west and adopt their ways

Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s

Enlightened Half-Enlightened Un-Enlightened

Modernization by

“Selective Borrowing”

Popular board game.

Start by leaving Japan & studying in various Western capitals.

End by returning to Japan and becoming a prominent government official.

EuropeanGoods

Europe began to “loom large” in

the thinking of many Japanese.

New slogan: Japanese Spirit; Western Technology!

The Japanese Became Obsessed

with Western Styles

Civilization and Enlightenment!

MeijiRefor

ms

Abolitionof the

feudal system

LandRedistribution

Human Rights & Religious

Freedom

Build aModern Navy

(British)

Public Education (U.S.)

Modernize the Army(Prussian)

EmperorWorship

Intensified

WrittenConstitution(Germans)

ModernBankingSystem

What’s the big idea????

• Japan modernizes!!! Accepts western ideals…including

IMPERIALISM

JAPANESE IMPERIALISM GROWS

Japanese Imperialism

• Military power by 1890. strongest military in Asia

• Eliminates extraterritorial rights of foreigners…promises fair treatment

• Empire-building to met security and economic needs

Japan Attacks ChinaSino-Japanese War 1894-1895

• Fight over Korea• China is expected to

win…• Japan wins. Signal of

Japanese success• Get Taiwan and

Pescadore Islands

Russo-Japanese War1904-1905

• War over Manchuria• Japan wants Russia to stay out of Korea…• 1904: surprise attack on Russia• Japan wins… shocking to the entire world!

President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the Peace

The Treaty of Portsmouth, NH ended the Russo-Japanese War.

Treaty of Portsmouth

Japan gets captured territories

Russia stays out of Manchuria and Korea

Japan Annexes Korea

Korea under Japanese occupation

• Annexation: Adding a region to the territory of an already existing political unit.

• Japan annexes Korea in 1910• Rule?– Harsh– Control education, newspaper, prohibit public

protest– Land taken from farmers and given to settlers– Modernize Korea

Next Steps…

• Modernization / Imperialism steps – could Japan have become an imperialized power if it had not modernized? Why or why not?

• Why does Japan become aggressive imperialist power?

• Compare / contrast Chinese and Japanese imperialism – responses, outcomes, etc.