This is a template – not even a 1st draft.Each research page requires input from the faculty listed.Formatting, choice of figures, etc., also are still required.

27 October 2004

Center for Cosmologyand Astroparticle Physics

University of California, Irvine

29 October 2004

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Overview

• Recently there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of the universe. We are on the threshold of a golden age in cosmology.

• The recent progress has answered important questions, but it also highlights many fundamental outstanding problems. These include the identities of dark matter and dark energy, the structure and formation of galaxies, and the origin and future of the universe.

• At UC Irvine, these questions are being explored by researchers in many subfields at the interface of cosmology and particle physics. The breadth and depth of effort makes UC Irvine ideally suited to address the most pressing problems, many of which require complementary exploration at the smallest and largest length scales.

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Overview (cont’d)• UC Irvine researchers lead many major international collaborations,

including neutrino experiments (superK, K2K, ???), next generation telescopes (TMT), particle colliders (LHC, ILC), and cosmic ray experiments (AMANDA, IceCube?, ANITA, Milagro).

• Researchers benefit from University of California access to the most powerful telescopes in the world. (include names? Keck,…).

• In all, 24 faculty work in cosmology, astrophysics, and particle physics at UC Irvine. All relevant research is carried out in Reines Hall in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. This unified organization supports unusually strong interactions and collaborations between cosmologists and particle physicists, a strong and distinguishing characteristic of the UC Irvine research program.

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UC Irvine’s Investment• UC Irvine has a long tradition of strong support for research in

astroparticle physics, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Reines, recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the neutrino.

• In the last 3 years, UC Irvine has undertaken a concerted and strategic expansion in the fields of cosmology and astroparticle physics. The investment of positions and funding are unmatched by any other institution worldwide.

• In 2001 UCI hired 5 new faculty members in cosmology and particle physics. 4 have already won the most prestigious grants awarded to junior faculty by the NSF, NASA, and the Department of Energy.

• In 2004 UCI hired an additional 5 faculty researchers in theoretical and observational cosmology.

• The 10 new faculty positions have been supported by UC Irvine setup grants in excess of $3 million.

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Research• Recent progress in both cosmology and particle physics has transformed

our understanding of the contents of the Universe. Current limits imply that the Universe is made from the following components:

Neutrinos: 0.04 – 0.7% ??Baryons: 4%Dark Matter: 23%Dark Energy: 73%

• At the same time, detailed descriptions of neutrino and baryon properties are missing, and the microscopic identities of dark matter and dark energy remain complete mysteries. Fundamental progress will almost certainly require cosmological observations combined with particle physics experiments, all unified by theoretical insights from both fields.

• Research at UC Irvine concerns all of these components of the Universe. A brief overview of topics and key questions is given in the following slides.

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Neutrino (How much of the mass in the universe is in neutrinos?

• Fred Reines (UCI) won the Nobel prize in 1995 for the discovery of the neutrino (predicted to exist by Wolfgang Pauli).

• In 1998, Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment in Japan discovered that neutrinos have mass. Dave Casper and Henry Sobel (one of the 5 SK Executive Committee members) at UCI were part of this team. SK [and the K2K experiments (Casper and Sobel are part of both teams)] tell us that neutrinos weigh more than about 10-34 grams.

• Neutrinos distort the Cosmic Microwave Background fluctuations and affect the way structure grows (to become, for example, galaxies) in our Universe. Current cosmological observations show that neutrinos weigh less than about 10-33 grams. Future cosmological observations in tandem with terrestrial experiments can measure the neutrino mass, which was shown by Manoj Kaplinghat (UCI). This will have deep implications for Particle Physics theories.

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Neutrinos IIWhat can neutrino messengers tell us about the cosmos?

• AMANDA, ANITA – probes of astrophysical environments

• Barwick, Yodh

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Baryons IThe Universe initially contained equal amounts ofThe Universe initially contained equal amounts ofmatter and antimatter, but today contains essentially no matter and antimatter, but today contains essentially no antimatter (otherwise we wouldn’t be here!) What happened?antimatter (otherwise we wouldn’t be here!) What happened?

UCI is seeking answers with a comprehensive program ofUCI is seeking answers with a comprehensive program ofparticle-physics experiments:particle-physics experiments:

– Antiparticles are not exact mirror images of particles.The BABAR (Lankford, Kirkby, Mandelkern) andSuper-K (Casper, Sobel) experiments probe theorigins of this asymmetry.

– The missing antimatter is one of the strongest clues that:The Standard Model of particle physics is incomplete. The MECO (Molzon), BABAR, and Super-K experiments search for physics beyond the Standard Model.

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Baryons IIHow do baryons form into stars, galaxies, and black holes?

• Understanding the evolution of the universe's baryonic matter, from the primordial gas following the Big Bang to the rich variety of structure around us today, is one of the great challenges of modern cosmology.

• Research topics at UC Irvine include:– The growth and evolution of galaxies and galaxy clusters– Searches for the most distant galaxies– The role of massive black holes in galaxy evolution– Dwarf galaxies as probes of galaxy formation histories– The origin and dispersal of heavy elements in galaxies

• UC Irvine faculty pursue this research using theory, numerical simulations, and observations from the world's most powerful telescopes, including the Keck Observatory.

• Faculty involved in this work include Barth, Barton, Benford, Bullock, Buote, Chanan, Smecker-Hane, Trimble.

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Dark Matter IWhat is dark matter?

• The microscopic nature of the particles that make up dark matter is a subject of intense research on both the experimental and theoretical fronts.

• Experimentalists will attempt to produce dark matter particles at future colliders like the LHC and ILC. Dr. Lankford is one of the leaders in the LHC project, which will start taking data within the next few years.

• Drs. Feng, Kaplinghat and Rajaraman explore theoretical models of dark matter and their experimental implications, especially for collider experiments and for cosmological measurements like the cosmic microwave background. They have also proposed startling new models for dark matter, with surprising new experimental signatures.

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Dark Matter IIWhat is the distribution of dark matter in the universe?

• Halo profiles

• Buote, Bullock

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Dark Energy IWhat are the properties of dark energy?

• Dark energy is a mystery. Many different lines of argument show that about 70% of the Universe is filled with a new form of energy which causes the expansion of the Universe to accelerate.

• Cosmologists are and will be tackling this problem with several independent methods. Important questions such as “how did dark energy evolve with time?” will require both theoretical and observational input to answer.

• Cosmic Microwave Background (theorists at UCI studying this include Asantha Cooray and Manoj Kaplinghat) and Large Scale Structure (James Bullock) will be (along with distant Supernovae) the tools for learning more about dark energy in the future.

• Asantha Cooray (UCI) and collaborators have proposed a new technique to measure properties of dark energy using observations of Large Scale Structure.

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Dark Energy IIWhat is the microscopic explanation of dark energy?

• Cosmological constant problem, Quantum gravity, structure of spacetime

• Rajaraman, Hamber, Bander, Newman

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Major Research Initiatives: The Thirty Meter Telescope• The University of California is one of the 4 partners in development of the

Thirty Meter Telescope, with first observations anticipated for 2015. The TMT will be the most powerful and sensitive optical telescope ever– an order-of-magnitude leap over current observational capabilities.– UCI is a key participant in TMT design and development (G. Chanan)

• Future research using the TMT will keep UCI at the forefront of observational astrophysics and cosmology for decades. Key topics:– Detection and study of “first light” objects in the Universe: the first

generation of primordial stars, galaxies, and black holes– Observations of galaxy evolution at high redshifts to learn how massive

galaxies like the Milky Way were assembled

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Major Research Initiatives:San Jacinto National Underground Science Lab

• San Jacinto Underground Lab will be a premier international site for fundamental physics experiments requiring shielding from cosmic rays

• List key science projects relevant to cosmology...• Southern California location a short drive from UC Irvine• Current status??• UCI participation led by H. Sobel

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Summary• This is an exciting time for studying the Universe.

• List of topics.

• Founded on a strong tradition and rapidly expanding, research at UCI has unusual breadth and depth, making it ideally suited to explore fundamental outstanding problems at the interface of cosmology and particle physics.

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Supplementary Information

• Research in the fields of cosmology and particle physics is carried out by 24 faculty members, 6 research scientists, and numerous postdoctoral scholars, graduate students, and visitors.

• The Department of Physics and Astronomy at UCI is part of the School of Physical Sciences, founded in 1962 by Frederick Reines, winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the neutrino.

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FacultyMyron Bander, Ph.D. Columbia University 1962, theoretical particle physics; Sloan Fellowship, 1962;

APS Fellow, 1980Aaron Barth, , Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1998, observational astrophysics; Hubble

Fellowship, 2001Elizabeth Barton, Ph.D. Harvard University 1999, observational astronomy and astrophysics; Hubble

Fellowship, 2001Steve Barwick, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1986, experimental particle astrophysics; NSF

Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1992; co-spokesman, Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA); Antarctic Impulse Transient Antenna (ANITA); IceCube

Greg Benford, Ph.D. University of California, San Diego 1967, astrophysics and plasma physics; Lord Foundation Award in Science, 1995

James Bullock, Ph.D. University of California, Santa Cruz 1999, theoretical astrophysics and cosmology; Hubble Fellowship, 2001

David Buote, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1995, observational astrophysics; Chandra Fellowship, 1998; NASA LTSA Award, 2002?

David Casper, Ph.D. University of Michigan 1992?, experimental particle physics; AAS Bruno Rossi Prize, 1989, SuperKamiokande, K2K, and T2K experiments

Gary Chanan, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1978, experimental astrophysics; Sloan Fellowship, 1982; position?, Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT)

Asantha Cooray, Ph.D. University of Chicago 2001, theoretical astrophysics and cosmology; Sherman Fairchild Senior Research Fellowship, 2001

Jonathan Feng, Ph.D. Stanford University 1995, theoretical particle physics and cosmology; Michelson Physics Prize, 2001; NSF CAREER Award, 2003; Sloan Fellowship, 2004

Herbert Hamber, Ph.D. University of California, Santa Barbara 1980, theoretical particle physics; Fulbright Fellowship, 1977; CERN Fellowship, 1994

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Faculty (cont’d)• Manoj Kaplinghat, Ph.D. Ohio State University 1999, theoretical cosmology• David Kirkby, Ph.D. California Institute of Technology 1995, experimental particle physics; DOE

Outstanding Junior Investigator Award, 2002; Sloan Fellowship, 2002; BABAR experiment• Andy Lankford, Ph.D. Yale University 1978, experimental particle physics; position?, ATLAS

Collaboration, Large Hadron Collider • Mark Mandelkern, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1967, experimental particle physics;

BABAR experiment• Bill Molzon, Ph.D. University of Chicago 1979, experimental particle physics; DOE Outstanding

Investigator Award, 1985; Sloan Fellowship, 1985; APS Fellow, 1995; spokesperson, Muon to Electron Conversion experiment (MECO)

• Riley Newman, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1966, experimental gravitational physics; Sloan Fellowship, 1970; APS Fellow, 1999

• Arvind Rajaraman, Ph.D. Stanford University 1998, theoretical particle physics and cosmology• Steve Ruden, Ph.D. University of California, Santa Cruz 1986, theoretical astrophysics; NSF

Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1990• Tammy Smecker-Hane, Ph.D. Johns Hopkins University 1993, observational astrophysics• Hank Sobel, Ph.D. Case Institute of Technology 1968, experimental astroparticle physics; APS

Fellow, 1998; AAS Bruno Rossi Prize, 1989; co-spokesman, SuperKamiokande; K2K; T2K• Virginia Trimble, Ph.D. California Institute of Technology 1968, theoretical astronomy, Sloan

Fellowship, 1972; AAAS Fellow, 1982; APS Fellow, 1988• Gaurang Yodh, Ph.D. University of Chicago 1955, experimental particle astrophysics; APS Fellow,

1968; AAAS Fellow, 1995; Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA); Milagro

Supplementary Information for Chancellor Cicerone

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Faculty Distinctions• Bander• Barwick• Benford• Chanan• Cooray• Hamber• Lankford• Mandelkern• Molzon• Newman• Ruden• Sobel• Trimble• Yodh

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Faculty Distinctions (cont’d)• Since 2001:• David Buote, observational astrophysics, LTSA NASA Award• David Casper, experimental neutrino physics, DOE Outstanding Junior

Investigator Award• Jonathan Feng, astroparticle and cosmology theory, NSF CAREER Award,

Sloan Fellowship• David Kirkby, particle and astroparticle experiment, DOE Outstanding Junior

Investigator Award, Sloan Fellowship• Arvind Rajaraman, particle theory and string theory

• Since 2004:• Aaron Barth, etc. . . . • Elizabeth Barton• James Bullock• Asantha Cooray• Manoj Kaplinghat

Scraps

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Supplementary Information

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Future Initiatives ??Mention some?

• Director

• Postdocs

• Projects

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Baryons IIHow do baryons form into stars and galaxies?

• Galaxy formation

• Missing baryons (?)

• Barton, Barth, Smecker-Hane, Chanan, Benford, Trimble

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Dark Energy IWhat are the properties of dark energy?

• CMB

• Cooray, Kaplinghat

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Neutrinos IWhat fraction of the mass of the universe is in neutrinos?

• superK, K2K – neutrino masses and mixings

• CMB – cosmological bounds

• Sobel, Casper, Kaplinghat, Cooray

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Baryons IWhy are there more baryons than anti-baryons?

• Baryogenesis – BaBar

• Leptogenesis – MECO, neutrinos

• Lankford, Kirkby, Mandelkern, Molzon, Sobel, Casper

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Dark Matter IWhat is dark matter?

• Self-annihilating dark matter, dark matter from extra dimensions and supersymmetry

• Production at LHC, ILC

• Kaplinghat, Feng, Rajaraman, Lankford