25 Week Review: Taking the Stress out of Studying!

Bell Ringer: What questions do you have going into your exam?

Early Civilizations…• Characteristics of Early African Civilizations:

Language, Trade, Farming, Nomadic lifestyles.

• Kush: Kingdom of Ancient Africa that revolved around trade routes with Europe. Took ideas for building and other lifestyle needs from Egypt. (East)

• Askum: Overtook the Kush, and began to rule the same territory between the red sea, Egypt and the interior of Africa. Prided themselves in Ivory trade. Center of long distance trade in the 300-600 AD. (East)

Regions of Africa

Trade:• Ironworking: Center Meroe, in Swahili States

(East).

• Farming: Meroe’s Fertile Soil made it a clear choice for food production. And indirectly trade. (East)

• Gold/Salt: Salt was mined south of the Sahel, Gold was brought from other nations. Value for preservation and spice, gold for use in trade and money.

People/Places:

• Mansa Musa: Ruler of Mali, supported education, arts, public building.

• Muhammad: Prophet, God, and leader of the Islamic Religion. Worked as a trader prior to being called by God.

• Timbuktu: Center of learning, held University that attracted world wide scholars.

Islam:

• Meaning of Islam: Submission to the will of God

• Qu’ran: Islamic holy book; includes rules and instructions for proper living.

• Mosque: Islamic place of worship (similar to a church)

• Jihad: Struggle to defend the faith

Slave Trade• Triangular Trade: System of trade used to transport

goods and slaves. Involved the Americas, Europe, and Africa.

• Middle Passage: Hellish transport of slaves to America; second stage of triangular trade.

• Europe and Slaves: used slaves to turn a profit and in exchange for other goods.

• Slaves: Africans (in this case) bought, sold, and captured against their will, and forced to work for little or no rights

Miscellaneous:• Bedouins: nomadic sheep and goat

herders in the Arabian desert.

• Matrilineal: tracing your family roots through your mother’s side of the family, power can also be passed this way.

• Oral Tradition: Passing of history, stories, or traditions by spoken word.

5 Pillars of Islam and Branches

Branches of Islam: