2/5 THURSDAY: THOUGHT OF THE DAY

World War I is going on in Europe in 1914. America stayed neutral until 1917.

Pick which one you agree with and write 3-5 sentences explaining. Think about wars that we have fought in the past and conflicts we are engaged in now…

Which of the following statements do you most agree with?

A. War should be avoided at all costs.B. War should be fought only to save innocent livesC. War is a noble pursuit.D. War should be used to gain territory and increase

power.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ijk4j-r7qPA

2/6 FRIDAY Before we get into the deets of WWI, we need to review some of our Presidents after Reconstruction to WWI. What quality do you think is the most important for a President to have? Defend your reasoning in 3-5 sentences.

Agenda:

TOTD

2-4th Finish MWBA questions

President research: Due today!

Hi! I am President Cleveland. When my best friend passed, I

became the legal guardian of his 11 year-old daughter...

Funny/weird/awkward story: 10 years later, we got married!

She remains the youngest First Lady in the history of the United States, having been just 21 when

we got hitched!

2/8 MONDAY TOTD:

Analyze this photograph taken in 1914. Something will occur moments after this photograph that will be an immediate cause of the 1st World War. Tell me what you think is going on here… (3-5 sentences)

Agenda:

TOTD

Finish Ep4: Blood Spilled & ?s

World War 1 Into (notes are online if you want to move forward)

Standard 15 Chit Chat: The student will analyze the origins and impact of U.S. involvement in World War I

BASIC FACTS OF WW1AKA The Great War

1914-19184 years, 3 months and 1 week

Started with an assassination

US declares war in 1917 (we were only in it for about 7 months)

Over 9 million soldiers are killed

21 million wounded

1 million+ soldiers were killed in the infamous Battle of the Somme alone (about 30,000 in just 1 day)

Around 11% of the population of France was killed or wounded

About 116,000 Americans killed

HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=NWF2JBB1BVM

oOn Christmas Eve, 1914, both sides declared an unofficial truce and sang Christmas carols to each other

o Football matches were played in no-man’s land

oGerman and British soldiers exchanged food and souvenirs.

oThe ceasefire was known as the Christmas Truce.

o The following Christmas, patrols on both sides had orders to shoot any soldier who did this.

Causes of the War

-Lots of Instability in Europe

M – militarism

A – alliance system

I - imperialism

N – nationalism

Old Empires

Old Style Gov’ts - monarchs

MILITARISMAs the world entered the 20th century, an arms race had begun. By 1914, Germany had the greatest increase in military buildup. Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased their navies in this time period. Further, in Germany and Russia particularly, the military establishment began to have a greater influence on public policy. This is the development of armed forces & its use as a tool of diplomacy

ALLIANCES

Over time, countries throughout Europe made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. So if 1 country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them…

Alliances before the War:

Russia & Serbia

Germany Austria-Hungary

France & Russia

Britain & France & Belgium

Japan & Britain

IMPERIALISM when a country increases their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control.

Before World War 1, Africa and parts of Asia were points of disagreement among European countries.

This was especially true because of the raw materials these areas could provide.

The increasing competition and desire for greater empires led to an increase in confrontation that helped push the world into World War I.

NATIONALISM

Much of the origin of the war was based on the desire of the Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina to no longer be part of Austria Hungary but instead be part of Serbia. In this way, nationalism led directly to the War. But in a more general way, the nationalism of the various countries throughout Europe contributed not only to the beginning but the extension of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their dominance and power.

Alliances

-Led to an arms race

-Triple Alliance

(Central Powers)

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

-Triple Entente

(aka: the Allies)

France, Britain, Russia

HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?Austria-Hungary declared war on SerbiaRussia got involved to defend Serbia Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on RussiaFrance was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary.Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war.Then Japan entered the war. Later, Italy and the United States would enter on the side of the allies.

Archduke and his wife emerging from the Sarajevo Town Hall to board their car, a few minutes before the assassination

Strategy

-War starts

IMMEDIATE CAUSE:

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand (heir to Austrian throne)

June 1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated him and his wife while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia which was part of Austria-Hungary.

This was in protest to Austria-Hungary having control of this region.

-Alliances cause chain reaction to Austria-Hungary’s attack on Serbia after the assassination

Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina. This assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. When Russia began to mobilize due to its alliance with Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia.

ALLIANCE SYSTEM…

All of these alliances pulled one nation after another into the conflict:

Aug 1: Germany obligated by a treaty to support Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia.

Aug 3: Germany declared war on Russia’s ally France

Germany then invaded Belgium…

So Britain declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary

So… war is on. UGH!

Confused? Watch this beginning at minute 5:50 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd2ch4XV84s

Strategy

-War develops into trench warfare (TW) after initial German advance failed to defeat France

Picture having to spend your life in a dark, cold, and dirty sewer system. You can't see much through the darkness, you're constantly wet because of the water that's flooded the tunnels, and you're in danger due to dirty conditions, lack of visibility and disease-carrying rats. Now imagine that the tunnel is also filled with other people who want to harm you…

-Germany wants to defeat Russia first if faced with two front war

-Allies want to force fighting on two fronts and get help from U.S.

Trench WarfareoB/w German and Britain sidesomethod of fighting where opposing armies fought from and defended their territories using a system of dug out trenches/ditches. oopposing armies would be facing each other and have their own system of trenches

U.S. Neutrality

-U.S. declares neutrality in the war

-develops sympathy for the Allied cause- to ensure payment repayment of debts to US and to prevent Germans from threatening US shipping

-Begins to export war materials

-Submarine warfare begins-

Germans were really GOOD at this

-Wilson wins 1916 election on slogan “He kept us out of war!”

-isolationist policy!

Many US citizens followed the war closely b/c they had ties to the nations from which they emigrated.

Many felt close to Britain b/c of a common ancestry/language/democratic governments.

Germans attacked Belgium and this increased our sympathy for the allies.

They attacked civilians, destroyed villages and churches and propaganda called them “the Bully of Europe”

***** We had ECONOMIC ties with the allies more than the Central Powers American trade w/ Britain and

France was more than double its trade with Germany.

American manufacturers were flooded w/ orders for war supplies: dynamite, cannon powder, submarines, copper wire, armored cars, etc.

Stalemate

-Trench warfare

Over the Top: having to leave the safety of the trenches and attacking the enemy

No Man’s Land: in b/w each system of trenches would be an open piece of land

oneither side could safely occupy the area, it was too well covered by snipers, artillery, enemy infantry, barbed wire, mines

otherefore no man could survive there.

-New Type of War

new technology/ submarines/airplanes

horrible weapons LIKE poison gas/mustard gas: Germans used it 1st, cleared large sections of soldiers from the front lines/Cholorine gas burns the throats of its victims and causes death by as phyxiation.

U.S. Enters War

-U.S. continues to export war materials: we shipped millions of $$ of war supplies to allies

-German u-boats sink any ships they find

Lusitania sinks, 1915: G torpedoes a B passenger ship believed to be smuggling arms

o1,198 died/128 wereAmerican

oThis increased pressure on President Wilson to enter the war.

Sussex Pledge: promise made in 1916 by G to the US. Early in 1915, they will give adequate warning before sinking merchant and passenger ships & provide for the safety of passengers and crew… (resumed in 1917 w/unrestricted warfare resumed)

Step-by-Step:1.Britain (B) began to grow its Navy2.B blocked the German (G) coast to prevent weapons and other supplies from getting through3.American (A) ships carrying goods for G refused to challenge the blockade and rarely reached their destination4.A had been angry at the B’s blockade b/c it threatened the freedom of the seas and prevented A goods from reaching G ports5.G responded to the B blockade with a counter-blockade by U-boats6. Any B or Allied ships around B’s waters would be sunk. 7. Lusitania sunk8. 1916 election Wilson wins9. Germany ignored Wilson’s calls for peace10. G announces that they will sink ALL ships in British waters (hostile or neutral)11. Zimmerman Note12. Sinking of 4 unarmed American merchant ships (36 lives lost)13. 1917: WE DECLARE WAR

WE ALMOST DIDN’T ENTER THE WAR

On April 6, 1917, 2 days after the U.S. Senate votes 82 to 6 to declare war against Germany, the U.S. House of Representatives endorses the decision by a vote of 373 to 50, and the United States formally enters the First World War.

-Wilson wins 1916 election

calls for peace

BUT…..

-Zimmerman Note

Attempt to get Mexico involved in war vs. U.S.

•Telegram from G foreign minister to the G ambassador in Mexico.

• It was intercepted by British agents…

• It proposed an alliance b/w M and G and promised that if war with the US broke out, G would support M in getting “lost territory” in Texas, Mexico and Arizona!!!!!

•Mexico laughed…

THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE NATIONS WERE

a.France, Russia, and Great Britain.

b.Great Britain, France, and the United States.

c.Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

d.Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary.

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS AN IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF WORLD WAR I?

A) Imperialism of Great Britain

B) Economic competition between Germany and Great Britain

C) Assassination of the Austrian heir

D) Secret alliance between Russia and Serbia

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WERE NEW TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY USED DURING WORLD WAR I?a) submarines

b) airplanes

c) Mustard gas

d) All of the above