25 The Conservative Tide QUIT CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME...

25 The Conservative Tide

QUIT

CHAPTER OBJECTIVECHAPTER OBJECTIVE

INTERACT WITH HISTORYINTERACT WITH HISTORY

TIME LINETIME LINE

VISUAL SUMMARYVISUAL SUMMARY

SECTION A Conservative Movement Emerges1

SECTION Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush2

SECTION Social Concerns of the 1980s3

SECTION Foreign Policy After the Cold War4MAP

GRAPH

25 The Conservative Tide

HOME

CHAPTER OBJECTIVE

To understand the political and social events of the 1980s and early 1990s

25W I T H H I S T O R Y

I N T E R A C T

What campaign slogan will you create?

Examine the Issues

It is the autumn of 1980. You are a campaign manager for Republican presidential candidate, Ronald Reagan, former film star and past governor of California. Reagan must defeat President Jimmy Carter, who has lost support. Carter has failed to bring home the hostages in Iran and to revive the economy. Reagan, an optimist, pledges to do both. He also plans to cut taxes and cut back on government programs.

• What issues are important?

• What qualities in your candidate will win support?

HOME

• How can you present Reagan as a winner?

The Conservative Tide

25

The United States The World

1981 Sandra Day O’Connor becomes the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court.

1984 President Reagan is reelected. 1984 South African Bishop Desmond Tutu receives the Nobel Peace Prize.

1980 Ronald Reagan is elected president. 1980 Zimbabwe claims independence.

TIME LINE

HOME

1985 The Soviet Union suffers a disastrous accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

1986 Iran arms deal is revealed.

continued . . .


1982 Great Britain and Argentina go to war over the Falkland Islands.

1982 Equal Rights Amendment fails to win ratification.

25

The United States The World

1988 George Bush is elected president. Reverend Jesse Jackson runs for the Democratic presidential nomination.

1989 The Chinese government kills student protesters in Tiananmen Square. Germans dismantle the Berlin Wall.

TIME LINE

HOME

1991 Persian Gulf War breaks out. 1991 Soviet Union breaks apart.

1987 President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sign the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.


1A Conservative Movement Emerges

The new conservatism begins with the defeat of Barry Goldwater in 1964 and triumphs with the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980.

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

KEY IDEA

HOME


OVERVIEW

Conservatism reached a high point with the election in 1980 of President Ronald Reagan and Vice-President George Bush.

In the early 21st century, conservative views strongly influenced both major political parties.

MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW

TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES

HOME

• entitlement program

• affirmative action

• Ronald Reagan

• reverse discrimination

• conservative coalition

• New Right

• Moral Majority

ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT


1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List eight conservative issues.

continued . . .

Conservative Issues

HOME

ASSESSMENT

Reduce entitlement programs

End affirmative action

End busing

Reduce the size of the federal government

Prayer in schoolStop the

regulation ofguns

Defeat the ERA Eliminate legal abortions


2. How did the leaders of the conservative movement of the 1980s want to change government? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

Conservatives wanted to reduce the size of federal government; lower taxes; end gun control, affirmative action, and busing; increase defense spending; and promote traditional family values.

• the difference between the conservative view of government and the liberal view

• the groups that made up the conservative coalition

• conservatives’ attitudes toward existing government programs

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .


3. What role did the Moral Majority play in the conservative movement of the 1970s and early 1980s?

ANSWERANSWER

The Moral Majority represented a religious revival that stressed a literal interpretation of the Bible and argued for restoration of traditional values.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .


4. What personal qualities in Ronald Reagan helped him to win election as president in 1980?

ANSWERANSWER

Reagan, known as the Great Communicator, had the ability to simplify issues and offer clear-cut answers.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 1

2Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush

President Reagan puts in place conservative policies that affect the nation’s budget and the federal government.


KEY IDEA

HOMEGRAPH

2HOME

OVERVIEW

Presidents Reagan and Bush pursued a conservative agenda that included tax cuts, budget cuts, and increased defense spending.

The conservative views of Reagan and Bush created policies and priorities that affect government spending and budgeting today.




• supply-side economics

• Sandra Day O’Connor

• Geraldine Ferraro

• Environmental Protection Agency

• Strategic Defense Initiative

• deregulation

• Reaganomics

• George Bush

Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush

GRAPH

2

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Define “Reaganomics,” and then list its short-term and long-term effects.

continued . . .

Policy advocating tax cuts to bolster private investments, leading to increased national supply of goods and services.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

DEFINITION OF REGANOMICS

Falling interest rates, decreased inflation, economic growthShort-Term Effects

Increased national debt, budget deficit, trade imbalances, higher taxes

Long-Term Effects

GRAPH


2

2. Why did President Reagan and President Bush think it was important to appoint conservative justices to the Supreme Court?

ANSWERANSWER

The Supreme Court decides which laws are constitutional. Both Reagan and Bush had conservative agendas and wanted the Supreme Court to support those agendas.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .


GRAPH

2

3. In your opinion was Reagan’s first term a success? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

Reagan’s first term was a mix of success and failure—stopped the growth of inflation but the federal deficit rose.

• how his tax cuts impacted the rich and the poor

• the economy• the federal budget

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .


GRAPH

2

4. Read the following excerpt from Ronald Reagan’s speech at the 1992 Republican Convention.

“ We mustn’t forget . . . the very different America that existed just 12 years ago; an America with 21 percent interest rates and . . . double-digit inflation; an America where mortgage payments doubled, paychecks plunged, and motorists sat in gas lines; an America whose leaders told us . . . that what we really needed was another good dose of government control and higher taxes.”

What picture did Reagan paint of the Carter administration?

ANSWERANSWER

That high interest rates, high inflation, gas lines, and too much government marked Carter’s administration.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 2


GRAPH

3Social Concerns of the 1980s

Social issues of many kinds continue to concern the nation during the conservative backlash.


KEY IDEA

HOME


HOME


• L. Douglas Wilder

• Lauro Cavazos

• AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

• Antonia Coello Novello

• pay equity

• Jesse Jackson


OVERVIEW

Beneath the surge of prosperity that marked the conservative era of the 1980s lay serious social problems.

Issues involving health care, education, civil rights, and equal rights for women continue to challenge American society.



1. List several of the social problems of the Reagan and Bush years and how the government responded to them.

continued . . .

Social Problems

HOME

ASSESSMENT

Government Response

Drug use

Supreme Court restrictions

“Just say No!” campaign

America 2000 education initiative

Abortion

Education

Women’s rights Day care budget cuts; pay equity in some states

Equal rights for minorities

Supreme Court reversal of affirmative-action decision


2. How might improvements in the educational system help solve other social problems? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

Education might help discourage unsafe sex and drug use. Education would lead to future job opportunities and lower unemployment rates.

continued . . .

• the impact education might have on health-related problems• the impact that education might have on urban problems

HOME

ASSESSMENT

• the impact that education might have on unemployment


3. Compare the political gains and losses experienced by various groups during the Reagan and Bush administrations.

ANSWERANSWER

More jobs and political opportunities for women and minorities; Native Americans gained support for gambling casinos on their native lands; Asian Americans were the second fastest-growing minority population; several states outlawed anti-gay discrimination.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .


4. Why might a widening gap between the richest and poorest citizens of a country be a cause for concern about that country’s future?

ANSWERANSWER

A widening economic gap could lead to a permanently divided society.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 3

4Foreign Policy After the Cold War

Major changes throughout the world have a great impact on the direction of U.S. foreign policy.

KEY IDEA


HOMEMAP


HOME


• INF Treaty

• Tiananmen Square

• Sandinistas

• Operation Desert Storm

• Mikhail Gorbachev

• glasnost

• Contras

• perestroika


OVERVIEW

The end of the Cold War, marked by the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, led to a redirection of many U.S. goals and policies.

After the Cold War, the United States provided and continues to provide substantial economic support to the new capitalistic and democratic nations.


MAP


1. Explain U.S. foreign policy in Europe, in Central America and the Caribbean, and in the Middle East.

continued . . .

U.S. Foreign Policy

Central America and Caribbean

INF Treaty; START II Pact; Cold War ends

Cut aid to Sandinistas; send aid to Contras; invasion of Grenada

Europe

HOME

ASSESSMENT

Middle East Iran-Contra affair; Operation Desert Storm

MAP


2. What factors caused the end of the Cold War? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

Collapse of Soviet economy, Gorbachev’s reforms in the Soviet Union, unification of East and West Germany

• events in the Soviet Union• events in Germany and Eastern Europe• how U.S. leaders responded to those events

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .

MAP


3. What factors do you think determined whether or not the United States intervened militarily in other nations?

continued . . .

ANSWERANSWER

The United States intervened when essential United States interests and assets—American lives, democracy, oil—were at stake.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

MAP


4. Is it possible for an authoritarian government to make economic reforms without also making political reforms?

ANSWERANSWER

POSSIBLE RESPONSES:

Yes: China, for example

No: Soviet Union, for example

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 4

MAP

25 The Conservative Tide QUIT CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME...

Documents

Transcript of 25 The Conservative Tide QUIT CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME...