25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org 1 NANO-TECH: NEW FRONTIER OF SCIENCE By Dr. Rajeshkumar H....

25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org

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NANO-TECH: NEW FRONTIER OF SCIENCE

By Dr. Rajeshkumar H. Acharya


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NANOTECHNOLOGY

• Derives from nanometer, which is one-thousandth of a micrometer (micron), or 10–9 of a meter

• The study, manipulation and manufacture of ultra-small structures and machines made of as few as one molecule


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SOME NANOTECHNOLOGY MILESTONES Years Events

1959 Feyman delivers “Plenty of romms at the bottom”talk

1974 First molecular electronic device patent filed

1981 Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented

1985 Buckyballs discovered

1986 Atomic force microscope (AFM) invented

1987 “Engines of Creation” published

1988 Quantization of electrical conductance observed

1991 First single-electron transistor created

1993 First “designer protein” created

1997 Carbon nanotubes discovered

1999 First nanotechnology lab in the US

2000 DNA-based nanomechanical device created

2001 Molecular-scale computer switch created


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DEFINITIONS• NANOPARTICLE : A collection of tens of

thousands of atoms measuring about 1-100 nanometer in diameter

• NANOCRYTAL: Used to describe these nanoparticles

• COLLOIDAL OR COLLOIDAL CRYSTAL: Synthesized nanopartical - dispersed or suspended in a stabilizing medium

• NANOLAYERS: Arranged or assembled nanoparticles in to ordered layers

• NANOTUBES: Fullerene-like “chicken-wire” construction of carbon atoms


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IMPORTANT AREAS OF APPICATION

• Surface functionalisation and refinement:

Nanoparticles to conventional coatings yields new and improved nano-based colour effects

Examples are:

Antireflective surfaces

Sunshade glazing

Antireflective coating for instrument panels


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• Catalysis, chemistry and materials synthesis: Surface active membranes, anoporous (bio) filters and adsorption agents can be optimized form the nanotechnology point of view

Biomimetic enzyme-like catalysts which have advantages over enzymes, including use in extreme reaction conditions.


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• Energy conversion and use:

Enhance the efficiency of energy conversion - e.g. use of naotechnological materials in solar cells and fuel cells

Super-condensers with batteries for traction purposes - e.g. storing braking energy in electric cars


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• Construction:

Improves the mechanical properties, lightweight construction, hardness, wear resistance, high-temperature applications, also in mass applications like plastic casings or cladding

Thermal insulation for buildings

Façade design

Interior


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• Nanosensors and actuators:

Magnetic field sensors

Infrared sensors

Chemosensors


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• Data processing and transmission:

Nanoelectronics in the field of data processing and transmission are electronic, optical and optoelectronic components

DNA computing


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• Life sciences

Chemical analysis and diagnostics, nanotechnological production of active ingredients, precise delivery of active ingredients, and production of biocompatible materials and surfaces Viruses and cell types identification

Ultra-small sensors- external stresses and the physiological state of the organism

Nanomachines


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• Security and defence:

Unmanned and autonomous systems, improved weapons, and innovative materials in air, sea and space could be further reinforced by nanotechnology

Nanoscale powders for use in propellants and explosives, enhancing the energy yield and speed of explosion


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• Automotive industry: Nanoparticles as a filler in car tyres Antireflective coatings Nanoparticle-reinforced polymers and metals Nanotechnologically modified adhesive

technologies and adhesive primers Catalytic nanoparticles as a fuel additive Nanoporous filters to minimise the emission of

particles on the nanometer scale Hydrophile surface coatings as anti-fogging coatings “Self-healing" coatings, e.g. through self-

organisation


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• Textile industry:

Crease resistance, breathing properties, wear resistance, spot and water repellence, antistatic properties, active ingredient storage or fire protection


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EXAMPLES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS:

Giant Magnetoresitance Kodak; filters; cosmetics; infrared low observable special windows; Hard coatings Dispersions with optoelectronic properties, high reactivity Chemical and Bio-detectors Advance Drug delivery systems Chemical-Mechanical Polishing with Nanoparticel Slurries New Generation of Lasers Nanostructured Catalysts Broad revolutionary technology A dental-bounding agent Protective and glare-reducing coating for eyeglasses Light-weight, stronger tennis racquets Stain-free clothing and mattresses


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PATENT AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

IN 2003

• 5,228 nanotech-related patents in US

• 926 nanotech-related patents in JAPAN• 684 nanotech-related patents in GERMANY

• 244 nanotech-related patents in CANADA

• 183 nanotech-related patents in FRANCE


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CLASSIFICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

International Patent Classification and European Classification ECLA are likely to be common to most nanotechnology invention- B81 “Micro-structural technology” and B82 “Nano-technology”.


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PATENT LANDSCAPE Search Term No. of Patents

Nanotechnology 99

Nanostructured 434

Nanofabrication 72

Nanodevice 10

Nanoprobe 14

Nanomechanical 23

Nanotube 164

Carbon nanotube 129

Molecular switch

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Nanocluster 44

Nanomagnetic 2


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RISKS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

• Goo – Grey Goo – Green Goo

• Toxicity

• Weapons


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Thank You

25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org 1 NANO-TECH: NEW FRONTIER OF SCIENCE By Dr. Rajeshkumar H....

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