LinElugan & rehbangunan 25 0), 33,48r 2005 ARTTKEL

IDENTIFICATION OF AREA FOR CLEANDE\,'ELOPMENT MECHAMSM (CDM) ON FORESTRY IN

SIJMATRA ISLAND

Lilik Budi pmsetyo'yudi Setiawan"

Instiiut Pertanian Bogor IPPIH FB) ; Kepala Laboratorium Analisis SpasialLingkungan ?PLH IPB , StaI pengajar Fakulras Kehutanan IpB

Peneliti Muda PPLH IPB , Staf Laboratodum Analisjs Spasial LinSkunganPPLH TPB

Abshaci

Irdon"- 'l-d\er)rr'pI h"K.o.ufroro.rt .no"'.e)dypro-LlE,reilrh".d\vNo. 7 2O0.l.nr-c rrtt,erl Lrtjor or K or, -jUro..t d.,a . ! .e;F trou,F,:d . .6 o.F ro Lond. I CDVa.tivities Tl-" CDM on f;esbv lroject tor tndoresia are shrl racins itjfficutries, since rhere is nod) r.l.bebr."tin"o)l) rJrt-are.oF.ese.u lrdpr ,c,rior"Jr!o*bt"lo..;;, i;.-a;;or io'*rr),i-"r. urB-.lr r."o.,,.obi".-i.!of,.p1-,,.t ..Jid!..ibpo-.iorapdro.

( ?"1 D- ptoompl Mqt, nr.a o o +-r 5" lo. 1.Io.".r.t, r s.tcnpr..r t," ",, r- " u,.rr- e-e r.t .,u,o-",!.11. -o\ !ed.. J,"i{m- rio1n.,..p,.f p*,,Ut_.o,, . .O, ir.'e.ln ard t"..rore h l bpFr ,oo.;r, ,.e.-,r ""*nribu''.r lo rhp r.., u.r ,, o,br \".ning f. l.e tc.eisr -"-,;";;;;i.,,.;,(umies il? rror J.io1 d".ied rro ..Le,l. o) r1. b.. "-.. i,.,.,..r,_",..,".",,(-u\1ortoF,rybx-to'oip.t,rcr J.at.tu,d v .r,,f tdad-.rv".( ,* at"" "," ;1989 are udized. To pioduce Land use/Lmd cov*, some procedures Jre taken as followq:d,rdrE l-e ro d(. .d1o., or E"o(o.Fr j-" -n"t,.j ,,"i ,.. ,. ..1_, .;J;; .",,;,;_Jts-d.

'.eh r' ercrd'h..pFnFed.'d> i.-rio. Bj.ed r hpddr l."rci,,Dr-:tr"n, "dp.eroD cDV tnvr.Tcl .n Vrnt,rJ >Lror.d. tl n e.im"red .ord p".",,i ,*, f.,.eforestation a.tirities is about 25 628 382.27 ha. in the i... "I "t

,rbyi ;h; ;.;l;;:;upl"rdr. pldr rahor dao oiddj r.eld. ncrj"dcrb.di.ded,norno!)eJofl..wni.ni*l,rl dd 5(o d pnuriry. Ir.r ^norh .er.j\ to..,

'r,, ,," ,,"g,.,-a-,n ,* r.^ ni!lnb) 8.F5. B)re dd.. jd UplrJ., tuirE otri\d.orr.._n"t

","_.o oa*i" -,.DranGrrol a ld p"ddy fipld Tie.e.oldf.i.rlv"re,>r.eprcoko\p;1d.ddrt,tudtr;m{re ,o'i

'Bse{eo ii po.rr idFo cDv. -.,(i..,lt-e.o, j p,,", ;; ,:i;;;;;,:;:;;;,iF""-1-ad o rboLrt0^'11-b.7h{.20t8!.rdtO-0-b112'.(20.o). -,r..,."r, i, ,-r."inen ifi"o rrr. r.".o-n,,1 / .r a .et. q 8r8e, . ov,." rr-*" .1":". r,1* " r:i., iLJnd thrt(.mplrn(e trirh rhe CDNJ

Key wo.ds: Clean Developnenr\rechanGn (CDM)] roresht j Sumar€ra rsiand.

33

Lle.ti$kasi AEa Dd* Mekeitue pnbangtutu B@h te&adap Eutetdi pvlau Stuatera

Ab.bak

t!!!da kt,111 metutili*asi Pnxokot Ktota de,g), .Ji*elua*atu).. ondanS undrna No.1'&u Ft..,.i tu. 4'.".. _r,/ ., 1,J_. lp-'_,t _, Dc o r..,._t ... :t, -t t d t \ t u\t\Ji i-r"., r.ot..n tDv'".-^b.. .f, -tp -d, -.tt,t a..1 p- ;t)1.. , . u b, . n"*.nL.rt 1 pJ.p.bcoet,td.,.t...n,..- i.y't--t..i)- ..,,-.: t -1.-.t..)r . "d- -I-1 .tura. wtpr .t.-.?.a-n" J.-.-lJ.'. t..:,rr. D-,e-.. L1-lt..{"n9DM kehutaian Tuidn pc,.itian nn ad./.h untuk neDbEfikrn data lar1g aku,t iatanbatuk pet , lokasi JDk.si potensiat nntuk CDM bagi., keh trna,. Set,ti; xu, mernberinasukan ba€i pemcrintah uxuk lutut seh datan nogutung; dampak pc,lanasan .tobalAr;t rr. A "ttd.t.Futt..6r -,-,t,--td1or-t rml. u,--.\-..n;.t? -.t.rdarj pe,etui,n ini !1apat tlitiLlkrkan sebagii i,ntn.)!i awal ./.niD IEnt urul p;y;k CDMtang be$rsis kehuta"a, dj PuLD Suniata. M.saik Landsat G@A)rcr yanE di.unain dataDlpaElitian ;hi dkmbiJ pad, s.kitar tnhun 1989 U,tuk DE ren eh .t.|t,t penutupa,/penff:tnaan lahan. dzh citra satelit retsebut s.laniuh1la akdti d;bzq1 nEnidi bebetlpa ha|DhJ.dnE /ebih kecit, dndkd*an kateksi geonctrik, tlit,!;bahknn daaTou .i,.-g d.gnooteia,;hta telshn dat dik/Eifikasika, .i.u€an tehik dntup*rised. E.sii t/a;E dipaatell

rtttu 5-)a l,,. r.<r p-tpt.-d- urrut ,.,\.t.. -..-". -.,- dpat.;Ar -r tt.25.528,1t2,27 ha daln be"tuk se?lak bet&)r,lahan tetu&a. /.)han kdi,Aitadkg, p kebunanda, s.Aah Ater L!.pat dibagi DEnja.Ji dua kateEo , raih!: priotit.s S;tu Ltan ?;iolxas Dua_ft':' t'- r.-a-ol-'-d-- )t-.-.."F .,.-.t. "J... d,.?a..r-t -rr hpL.".l?han t.buka ddn /aha, ketn$. scni'ntara tui;rita! KeLtua, alt.jt.th perkebLb,n,/kebu .ldns,wah. ?riDrihs Dna tnelup.k n tah.n lihan praduktjl dlrn iilak Lbatunkal u,tukc,'ccr ..1A,r aD/',en, r. ." t -. p.o 1 - ..r. -.t.L Jp-J -.,..-t.. t . r l .D tt., . a.Lr/.0r8...t1p.,-t.-.,,.-)....r1 .0- .,"12a 20D2% Ltp t/..J..f_._ad-\.1__"mEJ' rk.tc/apatbery n,khlLl.lnDi ptugran CDM ihj, karena sebdgi,n besar area poterEialtersebut betu.Ja .li Ta,.h Hak Milik lprirate tand).

1. INIRODUCTTON

1.1. Introduction

According to Third assessrnent of the Intetgoyemmental panel on ClimateChange (IPCC) global average surface tempemture has been relativetv-ab c for rhe pa,r I000 ) ea... bur il hrs ir. rea"ed rboul 0.6 C ur er rhe 1.r.t100_years. The year of 1998 H-as wannest year on the record. Wannint ofsLuface tenpemiure is 1it<ety due ro increased Greenhouse Gases (GiJG)concentration/ srch as carbon dioxide (COr, Metkme (CHr), Nitroseno\'des (\O-r, C l(-1t ( TC-.2.-ro HCFC-22.

Based on IPCC projeciior! under business as usual scenario (if there is noany sinde effort to stop tlobal $,arming), CO2 concenirations are expectedto increase_by 90 - 250% over pre-industrial levels, and signiiicantli targeincrease oI CHa and N2O. As a result the iemperahue predict;.t $,i11incrcase by 1.4 -5.8 C.

' PPLH lnstihlt Pe a an Bogor, Labolato rm Anatisis Spasial Lhgtungan !!LH lnstiturlertanDn Bogo, & Falulras Kehutananlnstitur pe*anid; B%or

_ -* PPLI-I Institut lcrtanidr BoSor & Laborato.nun Anatisis Spasial Lingkms.n ppLH Insrtut1"..n ' Bgu'

i4

Some other impacts are prcdicied irliluence human health, humansettlement agriculiure, Iorestry, fisheries, and ecosystems. Sea level willraise from 9 to 88 cm by 2100, more drought in midlatitude continentalinterior (waier stressed and decrease water supplies), increased hopicalcyclone intensities, increased the spread of pests, q?hoid, and dengue{ever artd dver blindness, and expand the r.rnge of Maiada .arryingmosqrdtoes. LandsLides and other damage in human setilement especiallyin coastal areas are occu ed.

Aitempt to stop B1obal $-armint in 1990 the United Nation (uN), haveconducted general meetint and have launched United Nation Framel\.orkConvention on Climate Change (L]I.JICCC) and de\.elopedlntergovemnrntal Negohahng Cormrittee (INC). 50 couirtdes ha\.eratified the LNFCCC, and it is aimed at stabiLizing ahnosphe c GHG atihe ]e1.el that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic jnteraerence 'ithclimate system (Article 2 of the convention).

For implementation the commitment, the Third Conference of iheParties (COPS) in 1997, l'uve agreed on the promulgation of KyotoProtocol. Within the Kyoto Proiocol, participaiinS cormtries have beendivided inio hvo, Ainex 1 country represeni developed cohntries andCouniries under transition, and Non Annex countries representdeveloping and less developing courltdes. Annex 1 countries ha\.elimitation on CHG emission and every of them should reduce theirGHG emission, to meetwith the target emission at leasi 5.2% below 1990emission level.

The Protocol provided 3 mechanism.s to reduce emissiorr r.hich are JointImplementation 0l), Clean Deleiopment MecharLism (CDM) andEmission Trading (ET). Clean De\.elopmeni Mechanism allows Ai]1ex 1

countries to engage in project-based activities in developing countries toachieve sustainable development, and helping Amex 1 countries to me€itheir emission reduction target. Many sectors can be lncluded in CDN{mechdsm, such as energy, industry tr.nspo{tatio0 agricrilture andforestry sector.

In foresiry sector, CDM can be in the form of afforestation andreforestation activities, in H,hich atmospheric carbon is stored wiihinbiomass. Allorestation is development oI new foresi. Based onMarrakesh definition, afforestation .an be considered as CDM activity ifafforestation takes place on areas that1\ere Lnforested at least 50 yearsago. Meanwhile, Reforestation is del.elopment of fo(est on areas thatdeforested before 31 December 1989. Areas $7hose forest cover wasremoved after 1990 are not elitible for CDM projecis under the KyotoProtocol.

After moie tharl 10 yea$, Indonesia has not been sholving any progresson CDM on Forestry in.ompadson with other counties such as Sabah,Malaysia. Sabah Foundation, a semi-govemment forestry otganizationin the state of Sabah, Malaysia, and ihe FACE Foundation of theNetherlands are rehabilitating degraded 1and. The total investmentcommitted by the FACE Foundaiion amounts to US$ 15 million. It is

35

expected ihat the projeci will sequester at least 4.25 million tons ofcarbon (15.6 million ions CO2) durjng its lifetin,e at an average cost ofUS$ 3.52 per ton of carbon (UStj 0.95 per t CO2). The planting phase willlast Ior 25 years and the forests will be mahtained for 99 years. TheCDM on foresiry prolect for Indonesia are still facing difficulties, sincethere is no any reliable bascline data (Ministry oI the Enviroiment,2002), al1d therefore research on ideniification of possible location forCDM on foresiry is an urgent need. The study will focus in Sumatralsland \a.here delorestaiion and degradation ha\.e been occurring sincethe Dutch colonial time.

1.2. Objectives

The objective of the research is io idcntify possible area for CleanDevelopment Mechanism on Foreslry Secior (Reforestahon Scheme), inSrmlatra Islirnds.

1.3. The Importance of the Research

Indonesia have raiiJied the Ktroto Protocol and aheady promulgated theLalv No- 1712004 on the authentification of Kyoto Proiocol. And thereforelndonesia is eligible to condrct CDM aciivities. The research outcome willprovide accltate jnformation on a map, of possible location ior CDMForesqv, and therefore will benefii the Go|emment of lndonesia to akesignificant contrlbution to the reduction of g1obal $,afming. For theforeign irlvestors from Annex 1 countries, the hJormation derived fromihe siudy can be used as initial information to set up CDM on Forestrybased project in Sumaha Island.

2, METHODOLOGY

2.1. Research Area

The study area is located ln the mainland of Sumatra Island, \a.hich areconsisted Nanggroe Aceh Darusalam, Sumaha Utara, Riau, Jambi,Sumatra Selatan, Sumatra Barat and Lampr.mg Pro\.ince (Fig. 1)

2.2. Material and Method

Mosai.s of Landsat Geocover taken around 1990 are uiiLized (Flgure 1).

Toproduce Land-use/Land cover, some procedures are taken as fo11ol\,sl

a. Dividing the mosaics landsat of geocover into smaller area

ln order to speed up the process, t1rc Geo-cover images are dividedinto s aller scene.

36

b. Geocorrection

Geo-correction process are conducted based on vector digtal datapublished by BAXOSURTANAL (Coordinaiion ASency for NationalMapping and Survey) on scale I :250.000

Figrre 1

Mosaics of Geocover Landsat Image

c. Adding textue image as a new layer

Landsat mosaic of Geo{over consisted only 3 bands (band Z band 4and band 2). To increase the separability, inJormation of texture as anew band/1ayer is added. Texture imaSes are developed based ondi8iial mrmber of band 3 of Landsat image.

37

D.ta

Clipping

Clipping ofGeo-

Base Mxp

Ceo-

Clipping L.ndsatfrom Brnd 3 of

Orisinal La.ds.t

Forest FunctionBoundary &

Ov€rltv

CDM areabas€d on For€st

Function &

Figure 2Flow of Analvsis

38

d. UnsupeFisedclassfication

!rsg11is5a classificarions are performed by dividing ihe imagesinto 25 50 Isoclasses. The iso-ctasses then reclassified ;"to g clo.i"sincluded no data record. Ihe data the divided further based ohadministration and forest function.

3. RESIJ'I,T AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Land-use /Land Cover Data

Based on Landsai data there are 9 classes of land-use/tand cover can beideniified, which are forest, bush/stuubs, p1;urtation (estate crops),upland agriculture (shifting cultivation), paddy fietd, bare tands.settlements, water body and no daia (ctoud and shadow).

The Sunatra Island has long history of deforestation. Ii has beenoccuring since the Dutch colonial era. lntrodu.tion oI Rubber, Oit pal.n,Coffee and Tea has staned in the early 19 century. The success oI theplant iniroduction by the Dutch has been followed by the farmers bvplanting the crops, and therefore induces faster deforestation h th'eSumata Island. After the Independence, siarting in 1970s tog$ngcompany has been operating in many parrs of Sr.lnlarra. Ihe toi;in;companies' activit_v has accelerating t\e deforestation and ioresidegrad aiion.

In lo89s mon lorest Jred a e.lreJdy converred into pt."tJlron Jptdrdfor 5hiit nt cul.ir"tion, bus\ .hrubs. bJre tand., padd) teld. rrdsettlements (Table 3). Spatial distribution of land-use/'tand corer ispresented in Figure 3.

Table 1

Land-use/Land Cover of Sumaha Mainland

No Lmd Cover v,

2 Bush/Shrubs3 Plantation4 Upland (Shlfring Clltivaiiod5 Paddy Ficld6 Barelands

6 Water Body9 No Daia

29295495.09

30a45A2.76

968587A_74

53373E4_57

1021783.50

2289689.64't74845.25

819540.s4

294203_34

56.42

5.79

18.65

10.28

1.97

4.41

0.34

1.58

4.57

57923375.43 100.00

39

.:; ':_,,"*L -",1 i_.(i _- l'

- 'i-i J,:\ *)jri,.i/'/,itj

,ti i,.i.r-!:

, ig:llEEi: lE!ttt!88fl i

e* l

IF

4.

!;3

Figure 3I-and-we/Land Cover of Sumaha Mai arld

40

b)

a) Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darusalaml-ro' h, eof N.L,lgtroe A.en D,rju.rr.rm a.nong rhe otne- pro! :nces in-sJmalrr

l ,rd ihe ,rrge-, fo,e.t .trer tr t.,Eo. jnd *".-ror" ,r" f,", ir"lhe luh rred ur Rerore5tdtron _chen e Ll rJe. (yor, f .,".., , f.r.. Zr. "Tabte 2

land-use/Land Cover in province Nantgroe Aceh Darusalam

North Sumaua proyince

P;91.* if N,J'h >Lm.,rr. w.. dul'lindleo forr-r. p-.rn,-rion nrd\h.ilmgcrlt \.ilnn [}le) \^ere covermS.2 1r". .60* "l16,l]#-rcspactr\ ely (Iabte 3)

Table 3l,and-use/ Lard Cover in Sumaha Utara (North Snmatra)

c) Riau Province

Pro\ ince oF RidL, (J\ do-ninarecl b) rorest. ,oJ,ohed b) L,la.ltrrio.r,Lp,.rnd lur jrl-rrin8, utri!uLron bu>h ,hrub. anC br." Lrd.', i:;,:;,

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Bush/ShJubs

Upland (Shifting Curiivation)Paddy Iield

No Dat.

4,409,080.83

419,041.89

642,494.02

200,509..17

71,183.61

179,929.77

22,380..18

70.305.56

73.06

6.95

10.64

3.32

1.16

1.99

0.37

1.77

1.30

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Bush/Shrubs

Uplan.l (Shifrins Cuttivarion)

Water BodlrNo Data

4,210,089.48

616,595.76

1,498,222_26

862,100.73

109,650.78

313.211.8S

68,039.28

253,787.1

143,387.64

52.14

7.61

18.55

10.68

1.36

388

3.14

1.711

1',l

I

t

II

i

Tabte 4I-and-use/Land Cover in Riau Provrnce

d) Jambi Province

?rcvince of Jambi was dominated by forest followed by Plantatioryupland for shifting cultivatioo bush/shrubs and bare lands (Tabie 5).

Table 5fand-use/ Land Cover in Jambi Province

e) Sumatra Barat West SumatIa) Province

Province of West Sumaha was dominated by forest followed byupland for shifting cultivation, plantatiorL bare lands andbush/shrubs (Table 6).

No Land Cover Arei (tta)

2 Bush/Shrubs

4 Uplmd (ShiJting Cultivarion)

5 Paddy Field

I Water Body

9 NoData

6,797,988.90

531,-t37.49

L49r,474.56777,597.24

131,943.51

456,075.63

'25473.33

165543.21

9,667.98

65.46

5_15

14.45

6.89'1.28

4.42

0.25

1.60

0.09

TotalAEd 10

No lnnd Cover445.04

27.40

73-33

3.17

5.27

0.27

1.02

0.24

100.00

2 Bush/Shnbs

a Upland (Shifting Cultivation)

5 ?addy Field6 Bde leds

8 Waier Body9 No Data

4479,703.19275,202.63

7A97,775.83

728,272.M't73456.64

287,900_91

74,485.14

55548.99

t3,382.73

5,465,1285

42

No Landcover A.'ea (Ha) %

2 Bush/Shubs

4 Upland (Shifting Culiivation)5 Paddy Field

8 Water Body

2,993,857 _29

86,780.61

544,263.53

741,170.47

2t,u7.6A89,529.03

10,113.93

107,379.99

46,373-91

63.95

1.85'12.48

15.83

0-47

1.97

0.22

2.29

0.99

Total Areas 4,681256.04 100.00

Table 6Land-use/ Lalld Cover in Sumaha Barat (West Sulnatla)

0 Bengkulu kovince

Province of Bentkulu was dominated by forest folowed by uptandfor shiftint cultivation, plantatio& bare lands and bush/shrubs (Tabten.

'IableTLand-use/Land Cover in Bengkllu

g) Sumaha Selatan (South SuEIatm) Province

P{ovince of South Sumatra was dominated by forest lollowed byupland IoI shifting cuitivatio& plantatioq bare lands andbush/shrubs (Table 8).

No l€nd cover

2 Bush/Shfrbs

4 Upland (shifting Cultivation)5 Paddy Field

8 WaterBody9 No Data

22N9As1

67_14

3.54

70.26

12.61

0.98

4.71

0.03

0.67

0-05

100.00

1,481,011.83

78,1,21.14

226279.77

278,773_80

21,745.66

143,820.22

662.58

74,879.34

1,317.57

4i

No %

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Bush/Shrubs

Upland (Shlfting Culiivation)PaddyField

1,4E1,011.83

78,124.14

226,279.17

278,173.80

21,705.66

143,420.22

662.58

14,879.34

1,94,112.49

67.14

3.54

10.26

12.61,

0.98

1.71

0.03

0.06

100.00Total A.reas 2,398,768.43

Table 8Laad-use/Iand Cover in Sumaha Selatan (South Sumatra) Province

h) Lampunt Provhce

Prcvince of Lampulxg \r',,as dominated by ihe forest Iollol^-ed byupland for plantation, shiftinS cultivation, bwh/shrubs and barelands (Table 9).

Table 9Land-use/Land Cover in Lampung

3,2. Estimation of Area for Relolestatlon Activities under CDM Scheme oIKyoto Protocol

Reforestatlon is the direct human-indu€ed conversion of non-forestedland io forested land throuSh planiing. Seeding or human-inducedpromotion oI natural seed sources on land that was forested but that hasbeen converted to non-Iorcsted land. Reforestation activities will belimited to reforestahon occurring on those lands that did not containforest on 31 Decembet 1989.

No1,926,62.4

352,763.79

764,17E.39

412,542.45

90,237.st

163,603.98

1,8536.4

74,725.48

284.94

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Bush/Shrubs

Upland {shifting Cultivaiion)Paddy lield

Water BodyNo Data

57.17

9.4L

20.42

11.02

2.41

4.37

0.50

0.39

0.01

3,742895.34 100.00

u

Ir Sumatra mainland Island, iotal potential area for reforestation activities-.rbo.rt 2c 628 .82.27 t . hlherorn.of -h-ub_ o,.t b..etrnd,,;i.,".ipli,r rri.. rr,J p.dd! -ie'd. r,H,rr., cr j bedi, dcd i . i;;.r:s:r;:h\i,n,,,,-tirrdro.e.unoT.ior,). f,rr trioriI rere.5 to JrF.s rh)r areoe6r.oeo tr Ire urn of -hrl.b. bu.l- brrc l"ro- and uDl-nd. r_hrrl n.ciltr\i,ror-, -rp.nhhlL Drio.ih 2.rre pdn,.H.,, aro p"iJ, +ra n.E-eLo'rcl t.unl jr-d..r-" p-od.(rr,e t-nds d].o , r. e,o.e rl,, :.e 161suggested as potential are of CDM. Filst al1d Second prior;tv ofreforestation scheme are csiimated of about l0osrSzo.sz il Aa.i8ti,";l0-0-"q1.2 I, -0 b2 ., rF-p..rv!'\ DL l.r. d jrd 5 p-.-"",." ; r "":, rO.

"'"

Table 10Potential Area lor Reforestation Scheme undet Kvoto ptotocol

in Vaht.nd Suffdrra trtand

Comparison a ong the province sho]'!,s thathas the la€est area for Reforestation Sdremeand Bengkulu Pro\ ince is the lowest.

Sumatra Selatar Prc\,inceunder the (yoto protocot

Tabte 11Potential Area for Reforestation Scheme under Kyoto protocol

ta,$t,576.97 20.48

2A 62Total a re.r (lrionh 1& 21339,231.27 4t.10

Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darusalam

12.26

11.82

Sumatra Utara Province

1,791,90E.37

1 ,607,873.04

22.t919.91

3,399,781.17

Biau Pro\.ince

1,698,E04.36

1,623.818.0716_46

15.73

45

Jambi Province

v"

23.63

30.57

54.20

r,291,375.98

t,670,632_47

2,96

Sumatxa Barat Province

91,7,479.71 19.60

12 95

foral arei 1.521,1q092 32.55

Bmgkulu Province

!160,118.16

217,984.83

20.86

1,1.24

Toial area 74E,142.99 32.10

Sumatra Selatan Province

%

21.60

b,187,b1011 54.28

Lampung Provinc€

%

24.80

Toial area 1 12 47 62

3-3. Estimation of Area for Reforestation Activities under CDM S(heme ofKyoto Protocol Based on Forest Function

The Govemment oI lndonesia divided the la]ld into Forest land andPri\.aie Land. Foresi land is belong io tl1e govemmeni or Sovernmeni1and. The land may in ihe form of forest or other land-use/land covet as

long as it desiBnated as forest land by the Law. Forest Lands are turtherdivided into Limited Production lorest, Production Forest, ConvertibleProduction Forest. ConseNation Forest and Protection Folest.

Table 12Potential area for Reloresfation Scheme under Kyoto protocol

in sumatra Island Based on I orest lun;Lion

Based on the data shor,rn above, the comlrrmity (pdvate lan.t) has largeropporhmig to joint the CDM under Kyoro lroiocot.

3.4. Potential Economic Value

Based on the data, the covenment has a targe possibili{, to absorb frcshfund through Clean Del,elopmeni Mechanism in1 eslnent {rom thede\.eioped countries and use the fund to conserve the envjronment.Rough estimate CDM on foresiry furd trough Reforestation scheme inmair artd Sumatua Island is presented in Table 13.

Table 13Potmtial Economics Value ftom CDM of Foreshy

Based on estimate carbon p c" j.-ece-b",2004-lo"a = USS 10-

No ForestFuction lilsrprionty S€c@d

4199 (Ha) % AIea (Ha) %1

2

3

,1

5

6

Limited Produdion Forest

Converlil,le lrodrciion lorcst

5,,187,675.r0

1,0.12,820.40

'1,250,363.70

1,?18,125.60

74t,962.50

6,624,362 80

685,203.30

1,005,457 00

1,542,289 7A

332698 80

51.62

981

r 1.46

640

9.39

1.1.40

3.15

4.79

lstitute Cdbon per Ha P!i.e ($)1

BengkLLlu

739481r3

1797 908.37

I 69E 804.36

7 291375.9A

917 479.7t

460118.16

2 80,1 099 0.1

928310.22

1t4,922,t69.5

26rJ,786.25i 5

45,1,820,65.1.0

193,706,397,0

737,62t,956.5

b9,t17,724.4

.120,61.1,856.0

139,216J33.0

110,922,7695

2,682862,555

2,5.18,:06,540

1,937,4$,970

t,376,219,565

694,177,210

{2061,18,560

1,392,,165,330

150

150

1511

150

150

150

150

150

1A 631576.9' 1,594,i36,516.A 15,947,365i155150

47

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The study has provided estimation aiea of CDM dtough ReforestationScheme. Based on the data, there is a big chance to develop CDMInvestment in Mainland Sumatra. It is also identified that the commmitycan actively engage in CDM, since there are Iarge areas oI Pdvate Land thatcompliance with the CDM.

The data has provided by the research can be used by the Governmmt tolook for urvestor in L\e developed countries who are intercsted in CDMinvestment. ln line with thai, the elfort to develop institution drat deals wi*rCDM also should be prepared.

Probiem that miShi be encountered during the CDM investrnent js socialconflict or agrarian conl:licts between the governmmt and the community. Itis due to fhe lacts that the forest land boundary have not bem agreed eachother, th€refore, solving the agrarian conflict is the pre requisite of CDM

REFERENCES

Baftiet E. B., Joanne, C. B. & Markandya, A. 1991. The Econonic of TropicalDeforestation. ,4nbrb20 (2): 55 - 58.

Contlems, A. & Ilerrnosilla. The Underlying Causes of lorest Dedine.Otcasional Paper AFOR No.30. June 2000.

M)€$, N. 1991. Trupicai Forcst and Aimate I(uraer Academics Pubtsher,I-.ndon.

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