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Comparative Assessment of Different Types of Live Food on Growth Performance and

Survival of Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) Fry

Research proposal presented by:

Andie John D. Tadeo

MS Aquaculture

College of Fisheries

Central Luzon State University

Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija

2014

Introduction

In aquaculture, production of fish to market size within a short period is of highest

importance. But, the success in the hatchery production of fish fingerlings for stocking in the

grow-out production system is largely dependent mainly on the availability of suitable live food

organisms for feeding fish larvae, fry and fingerlings to support good growth and health (Giri, et

al., 2002). Live feeds also help restore the water quality of the culture system and are more easily

accepted by cultured organisms. While live food is difficult to sustain and requires considerable

space and expense, micro diets are easier to maintain and usually have lower production costs

(Jones et al., 1993, Person-Le Ruyet et al., 1993). The development of formulated diets allows

for production of valuable fish larvae without using live prey. The possibility of replacing live

feed with manufactured diets from the onset of exogenous feeding has been investigated in

several studies (Jones et al., 1993, Person-Le Ruyet et al., 1993). Limited success has been

achieved in first-feeding larvae with the complete replacement of live feeds. In freshwater

zooplankton, cyclopoid copepods are important because many of them are voracious predators,

feeding on algae, ciliates, rotifers, larval insects, and small cladocerans (Monakov 2003), thereby

structuring plankton communities. Phytoplankton genera such as Pediastrum, Eudorina and

Ceratium are difficult for zooplankton to digest compared with Chlorella, Scenedesmus and

Chlamydomonas (Downing and Rigler 1984). Several copepods, particularly cyclopoids, are

facultative predators and grow better on animal diets (Williamson and Reid 2001).

Wang et al. 2005 found that the survival will be significantly higher in larvae fed with

live food than in larvae fed the three formulated diets. Introduction of live zooplankton is

therefore being investigated as an alternate to pond fertilization for increasing fish yields while

avoiding water quality deterioration, (Jha, et al., 2007). A variety of environmental factors are

known to affect zooplankton production. Recent research has focused on the relative importance

of food quantity and quality (Cole, et al., 2002). This study will be conducted to evaluate the

effects of live food and formulated diets on the growth and survival of giant gourami fry.

Objectives of the Study

This study generally intends to verify the appropriate live food for the early rearing of

giant gourami fry.

Specifically, the study aims to:

1. Compare the growth of O. goramy fry fed with two different types of live food (e.g.,

Moina spp., and Microworm);

2. Evaluate the survival of O. goramy fry fed with four different types of live food (e.g.,

Moina spp., and Microworm);

3. Determine if there are possible effects of these live foods on the water quality.

Methodology

1.0 Location of the study

The experiment will be conducted at the BFAR NFFTC, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva

Ecija. The fish that will be used in the experiments will be stocked and challenged at the basins

with the volume of 2 liters.

2.0 Experimental Design

The experiment will be followed a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three

treatments and three replicates each.

Treatments

3.0 Water Quality

The study will be conducted for 15 days. Water quality such as DO and temperature will

be monitored every day. Follow-through water system will be used to aerate and replenish the

water in the basin. Siphon method will be done every morning, before the initial feeding, for

each set-up to remove debris.

4.0 Stocking fish

Treatment

T1 Control (Commercial fry mash feed)

T2 Microworm (Panagrelus redivivus)

T3 Zooplankton (Moina spp.)

T4 Tubifex

T5 Artemia

Osphronemus goramy fry will be requested from the BFAR-NFFTC, Science City of

Muñoz, Nueva Ecija and stocked in the basins following the treatments above in triplicates.

The stocking density is 12 pcs. of fry per basin with a volume of 2 liters. Follow-through

water system will be used to aerate and replenish the water in the basin.

5.0 Fish sampling

Initial and final sampling of fish will be done to monitor the increase in growth of Giant

gourami. The body weight and total length of fish will be recorded.

6.0 Feeding Procedure

Giant gourami fry will be fed three times daily at 9 a.m., 1 p.m., and 4 p.m. at 22% ABW

(Effiong et. al., 2009).

Mass production of live food organisms

Moina sp., zooplankton, will be cultured in a circular tank with a volume of 0.40 m3.

Chicken manure in net bags served as fertilizer and source of food for the zooplankton.

Harvesting will be by means of plankton net (800-1000 μm mesh). Collected Moina will be

again passed through a filter net (400-500 μm mesh) to separate the large adults from the nauplii

and small adults. Moina will be thoroughly will behed with tap water prior to feeding to gourami

fry.

Microworm will be mass produced using starter culture microworm provided by

Freshwater Aquaculture Center (FAC). Oatmeal/bread (source of starch) and active dry yeast

will be used as the source of food of microworms. Microworms, oatmeal and yeast will be put

together in a plastic container with cover and leave for 1 week. Microworms will be harvested by

plastic spoon after 1 week.

7.0 Determination of Growth

Weights will be recorded and feed supplied will be used to compute the average body

weight (ABW), daily feed ration (DFR), total feed requirement (TFR) and Specific Growth Rate

(SGR). Daily monitoring of the mortalities of fry will be also recorded.

Calculations for:

a) ABW (g) = total wt. of fish randomly sampled / no. of fish sampled

b) DFR = ABW x stocking density x feeding rate

c) TFR = DFR x feeding duration

d) SGR = (ln final body weight – ln initial body weight) x 100/ No. of days of experiment

e) Survival = 100 x (Final number of fingerlings / Initial number of fingerlings)

8.0 Statistical Analysis

The data will be first checked for assumptions for analysis of variance. The data will be

then subjected to analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA). If significant (P<0.05) differences

will be found in the ANOVA test, Duncan’s multiple range test (Duncan1955) will be used to

rank the groups. The data are presented as mean ±SE or otherwise stated, of three replicate

groups. All statistical analyses will be carried out using SPSS program, 10.0 (SPSS, 1999).

REFERENCES

El Sayed A.F.M. 2002. Effects of stocking density and feeding levels on growth and feed efficiency of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) fry. Aquaculture Research 33:621-626.

Fox M.G. and D.D. Flowers. 1990. Effect of Fish Density on Growth, Survival, and Food Consumption by Juvenile Walleyes in Rearing Ponds. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119: 112-121.

Huang W.B. and T.S. Chiu. 1997. Effects of stocking density on survival, growth, size variation, and production of Tilapia fry. Aquaculture Research 28:165-173.

Mackintosh D.J. and S.S. de Silva. 1984. The influence of stocking density and food ration on fry survival and growth in Oreochromis mossambicus and O. niloticus Female X O. aureus Male hybrids reared in a closed circulated system. Aquaculture 41:345-358.