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India's endeavors in biotechnology:

A policy overview

A.S. Ninawe1

Introduction

Biotechnology may be defined as the application of science and engineer-

ing in the direct use of living organism or parts or products of living organisms

in order to produce products, processes or services. Biotechnology may

encompass recombinant DNA technology, used to modify the genetic materi-

al of living cells to produce new substances or perform new functions.

Worldwide, biotechnology is revolutionizing the development of products,

processes and services in healthcare, agriculture, industry and environment.

Large investments are being made in biotechnology mediated enterprises,

biotech products and services are becoming a multibillion dollar industry.

Biotech products and processes enhance value in a range of industries fromleather, detergents, textiles, food and feed, beverages, beer, wine, confec-

tionery, cosmetics, therapeutics, vaccines, diagnostics and neutralceuticals are

available in the market. In agriculture sector, transgenic crop are under culti-

vation increasingly. General awareness on biotech product and process devel-

opment has brought public perception that has greater importance than any

other technology in the global arena. The aim of this article is to present an

overview of India's endeavors in the area of biotechnology.

Biotech Industry Backgrounds

The biotechnology sector is booming across the globe. Biotech companies

are pioneering new technologies, platforms, industry segments and business

models. According to an estimate, the global biotechnology industry has

expanded to the tune of about US$ 250 billion. Global R&D expenditure in the

private and public biotech sectors is around US$ 4.4 billion with over 95% of

the total in the industrial countries.

T A I L O R I N G B I O T E C H N O L O G I E S

Vol. 2, Issue 3, Winter 2006/07, pp: 107-130

The author is affiliated to the Department of Biotechnology. The views expressed are of author's and not nec-

essarily that of the Department of Biotechnology

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