2.3a minerals and rocks
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Transcript of 2.3a minerals and rocks
Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes and Volcanoe
s
Earth’s Interior
and Plate
Tectonics
Minerals and Rocks
What is
Earth’s Interior like
Evidence for Plate
Tectonics
What are Earthqua
kes
Structure and
Origin of
Rocks
How old are RocksVolcano
es
Weathering and Erosion
Erosion
Chemical
Weathering
Physical
Weathering
Transform Fault Boundar
iesConverg
ent Plate
BoundariesDiverge
nt Plate Boundar
ies
Plate Tectonic
s
The Rock Cycle
Cementation
Weathering
Cementation
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous
Weathering
Weathering
Magma & Lava
Sediment SedimentHeat and/or pressure
Heat and/or pressure
CoolingMelting
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ROCKS –
All rocks are made of 2 or more minerals, but minerals are not made of rocks.
There are many common names for rocks and the usually give you an idea of how big the rock is.
Rocks and Minerals
Rock Words:1. mountain - huge, giant hunk of rock that
is still attached to the earth's crust, doesn't move, tall
2. boulder - large, taller than a person 3. rock - large, you could get your arms
around it or a bit smaller but it is usually jagged, broken off a bigger piece of rock
4. river rock - round rocks that are along the edge & at the bottom of fast-flowing rivers
Rocks and Minerals
5. stone - medium, you could hold it in two hands
6. pebble - small, you can hold it with two fingers, could get stuck in your shoe, usually rounded
7. sand - made up of tiny pieces of rock, grains of sand
8. grain - tiny, like a grain of rice or smaller, often found on a beach
9. dust - really fine powder that is mixed in with sand or soil
10.speck - as in a speck of dirt
Rocks and Minerals
Rocks and Minerals
Rocks
Quartz
Rocks are composed of MineralsMinerals are non-living substances with definite internal structure
Coal Granite
Pyroxine
Feldspar
Mica
Olivine
dolomite
amphibole
Clay
Calcite
Igneous Rock
Igneous Rocks are molten rocks that cooled and solidified.
Nearly all igneous rocks are made of crystals of various minerals.
Igneous Rock
The faster the rock cools the less the crystals grow.
Igneous Rock
Obsidian rocks are smooth stones used by early American Indians to make tools.
Their composition is much like that of granite.
Igneous Rock
Obsidian becomes smoother as they cool much more quickly.
Because they cool more quickly, they have less or no crystals.
2 kinds of Igneous Rock
2 kinds of Igneous Rock
Extrusive igneous rock cools on Earth’s surface.
2 kinds of Igneous Rock
Intrusive igneous rock forms from magma that cools while trapped beneath Earth’s surface.
They are insulated and cools off slowly
2 kinds of Igneous Rock
Because of long cooling period, the crystals form.
Crystals on intrusive igneous are larger than those on extrusive igneous.
Weathering
Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down as follows: Pieces of boulders fall down hillsides
due to gravity, wind or rain. Rivers carry rocks down into deltas,
lakes or the sea. Waves beating against cliffs.
Weathering
Gravity, waves, rivers, wind, etc. break the pieces into pebbles, sand and even smaller pieces.
As pieces of rock accumulate, they can form another type of rock: Sedimentary rock.
Page 578: Read “Remains of Older rocks and organisms form sedimentary rocks.
Explain the two ways loose sediment become a rock.