23357223 Elevators and Escalators

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ELEVATORS AND ESCALATORS



OF THE DECISIONS THAT MUST BE MADE by the designer of a multistory

building, probably none is more important than the selection of the vertical

transportation equipment-that is, the passenger , service and

freigt elevators and the escalators. Not only these items represent a major

building expense being in the case of a 25-story office building as much as

1! of the construction cost, but the quality of elevator service is also an

important factor in a tenants choice of space in competing buildings.



MOVEMENT !ATTERN

VERTICAL" ELEVATORS " LIFTS

INCLINED " ESCALATORS " MOVIN#STAIRS

HORI$ONTAL" CONVE%ORS && 'AL('A%S



H%DRAULIC TRACTION



ESCALATORS



MULTI LEVEL

ECSALATORS



H%DRAULIC

TRACTION



COM!ONENTS OF

#EARED ELEVATOR

INSTALLATION



COM!OSITE

HOIST MOTOR

AND SHEAVE

ASSEMBL%



!ASSEN#ER ELEVATORS

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NUMBER OF !ASSEN#ERS



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HI#H RISE ELEVATOR #ROU!S

ELEVATOR #ROU!IN#S



ELEVATOR #ROU!IN#S



ELEVATOR $ONIN#



ESCALATOR DIMENSIONS



ESCALATOR #ROU!IN#S

CRISS CROSS ARRAN#EMENT



!ARALLEL ARRAN#EMENT



!RINCI!AL COM!ONENTS OF THE ELEVATOR

Te car

is a cage of some fire resistant material supported on a structural frame

Te ca*+es ,ropes-

are connected to the cross-head Ctop beam of the elevatorD and carry the

Eeight of the car and its live load are made of groups of steel Eires

Te co.nter/eigt

is made up of cut steel plates stacFed in a frame attached to the oppositeends of the cables to Ehich the car is fastened.

Te e+evator 0acine

turns the sheave and lifts or loEers the car. )t consists of a heavy structural

frame on Ehich are mounted the sheave and driving motor

Te saft or oist /a1

is the vertical passageEay for the car and counterEeights



A2vantages of H12ra.+ic t1pes of e+evators.

1. *rom the point of vieE of architecture and construction the major inherent

advantage of hydraulic units is the absence of an overhead machine

room, a penthouse, and traction equipment.

2. 'he elevator load is carried by the ground and not the structure. y

contrast, traction units place a large structural load on the pent house

and machine room floors and on overhead steel as Eell.

. 'he hoist Eay is smaller due to the absence of a counter Eeight and its

guide rails.

6. 4ars can be loEered manually by the operation of oil valves. 'his is

particularly useful and important in the event of control equipment failure

or poEer failure.

5. 'here is essentially no limit to the load that can be lifted.

Disa2vantages of H12ra.+ic t1pes of e+evators.



g 1 1p

1. 'he $ajor inherent disadvantage of the hydraulic elevator is its operating

expense. ecause it is not counter Eeighted, it requires a relatively large

motor to drive the oil pump, and all the energy is lost in heat.

2. 'hey are limited to loE-rise, loE-speed applications.

. +ide quality is inferior to that of a good traction unit, although it is entirely

acceptable to residential, mercantile, and industrial applications.

6. ecause oil viscosity changes Eith temperature, the ambient temperatureof the space containing the pump and the oil storage tanF must be

controlled to maintain ride quality and performance. 'he high inrush

current taFen by the pump each time it starts, Ehich is every time the

elevator travels upEards, require a stiff poEer supply to avoid problems of

light flicFer and other undesirable line voltage fluctuations.

5. Noise from the pump and motor plus piping noise can be disturbing. 'his

problem can be ameliorated by moving the pump mechanism Cup to 5 ft

f th l t h ft/

23357223 Elevators and Escalators

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