23 The New Deal QUIT CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME LINE VISUAL...

23 The New Deal

QUIT

CHAPTER OBJECTIVECHAPTER OBJECTIVE

INTERACT WITH HISTORYINTERACT WITH HISTORY

TIME LINETIME LINE

VISUAL SUMMARYVISUAL SUMMARY

SECTION A New Deal Fights the Depression1

SECTION The Second New Deal Takes Hold2

SECTION The New Deal Affects Many Groups3

SECTION Culture in the 1930s4

SECTION The Impact of the New Deal5

MAP

GRAPH

23 The New Deal

HOME

CHAPTER OBJECTIVE

To understand the impetus for FDR’s New Deal legislations and the impact these policies had on the American nation

23W I T H H I S T O R Y

I N T E R A C T

How would you begin to revive the economy?Examine the Issues

It is 1933, the height of the Great Depression. Thousands of banks and businesses have failed, and a quarter of the adult population is out of work. Now a new president takes office, promising to bring relief to the ailing economy.

• What can be done to ease unemployment?• How can the government help failing industries?

HOME

• What would you do to restore public confidence and economic security?• How would you get money to pay for your proposed recovery programs?

The New Deal

23

The United States The World

1940 President Roosevelt is elected a third time.

1935 Congress passes the Social Security Act. 1935 Mussolini leads Italian invasion of Ethiopia. British Parliament passes the Government of India Act.

1937 Labor unions begin using sit-down strikes. 1937 Japan invades Northern China. Hindenburg disaster

1939 The Wizard of Oz is released in movie theaters.

1939 Germany invades Poland.

TIME LINE

HOME

1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt is inaugurated. 1933 Hitler and the Nazi party come to power in Germany.

1936 President Roosevelt is reelected. 1936 Civil war begins in Spain.

1938 Route 66 is completed, linking Chicago, Illinois, to Los Angeles, California.

1934 Congress creates the SEC to regulate the stock market. Indian Reorganization Act is passed.

The New Deal

1A New Deal Fights the Depression

President Roosevelt takes many actions to combat the Depression.

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

KEY IDEA

MAP HOME


OVERVIEW

After becoming president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt used government programs to combat the Depression.

Americans still benefit from programs begun in the New Deal, such as bank and stock market regulations and the Tennessee Valley Authority.

MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW

TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES

HOME

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt

• Glass-Steagall Act

• Federal Securities Act

• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

• Huey Long

• deficit spending

• New Deal

ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

MAP


1. List problems that President Roosevelt confronted and how he tried to solve them.

continued . . .

Massive unemployment

Bank holiday; treasury inspection; deposit insurance

Federal work programs

Paying farmers to slow crop production

Lack of confidence in banks

Low crop prices

HOME

Problems Solutions

MAP

ASSESSMENT


2. Of the New Deal programs discussed in this section, which do you consider the most important?Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

POSSIBLE RESPONSES:

• The FDIC boosted confidence in banks

• The CCC provided aid for unemployment and helped the environment.

• the type of assistance offered by each program• the scope of each program• the impact of each program

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .

MAP


3. Do you think Roosevelt was wrong to try to “pack” the Supreme Court with those in favor of the New Deal?

ANSWERANSWER

POSSIBLE RESPONSES:

• No: Given the crisis of the Depression, it was necessary for FDR to restructure the Court.

• Yes: FDR’s proposed “Court-packing bill” would violate principles of judicial independence and the separation of powers.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .

MAP


4. The New Deal has often been referred to as a turning point in American history. Cite examples to explain why.

ANSWERANSWER

The New Deal helped the failing banking system, restored people’s hope in the future, provided assistance to farmers and those in need of housing, and provided people with jobs.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 1

MAP

2The Second New Deal Takes Hold

The Second New Deal institutes new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation’s economy.


KEY IDEA

HOME


HOME

OVERVIEW

The Second New Deal included new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation’s economy.

Second New Deal programs continue to assist homebuyers, farmers, workers, and the elderly in the 2000s.




• Social Security Act

• Eleanor Roosevelt

• Works Progress Administration (WPA)

• National Youth Administration

• Wagner Act


1. Discuss how groups such as farmers, the unemployed, youth, and retirees were helped by Second New Deal programs.

continued . . .

HOME

ASSESSMENT

Farmers

Unemployed

Group

Labor

Second Agricultural Adjustment Act, Farm Security Administration, Rural Electrification Administration

Works Progress Administration, Social Security Administration, National Youth Administration

How Helped

Wagner Act, Fair Labor Standards Act

Second New Deal

Retirees Social Security Act


2. Why might the Social Security Act be considered the most important achievement of the New Deal? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

The Social Security Act provided immediate aid to the unemployed, the elderly, the disabled, and families with dependent children. It was the New Deal program with the largest scope, affecting thousands of people, over many years.

• the types of relief needed in the 1930s• alternatives to government assistance to the elderly,

the unemployed, and the disabled

• the scope of the act

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 2

3The New Deal Affects Many Groups

New Deal policies and actions affect Americans in all walks of life. The Democratic Party forms a new political coalition.


KEY IDEA

HOME


HOME


• Mary McLeod Bethune

• New Deal coalition

• Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

• John Collier

• Frances Perkins


OVERVIEW

New Deal policies and actions affected various social and ethnic groups.

The New Deal made a lasting impact on increasing the government’s role in the struggle for equal rights.


Appointment of John Collier and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

Aided by some New Deal programs butreceived lesshelp than others

African Americans


1. Note the effects of New Deal policies on American women, African Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and unionized workers.

continued . . .

Effects of New Deal

Appointment of Frances Perkins as first female cabinet member

Appointee Mary McLeod Bethune and the “Black Cabinet”

HOME

ASSESSMENT

Women Native Americans

Unionized workers

The Wagner Act and other prolabor legislation

Mexican Americans


2. What steps did women make toward equality during the 1930s? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

Women appointed to government positions; more women employed outside the home; expanding opportunities in the workplace; women activists and organizers

continued . . .

• the role of women in government• hiring practices in federal programs

HOME

ASSESSMENT

• women’s opportunities in business and industry


3. In your opinion, did organized labor become too powerful in the 1930s? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

POSSIBLE RESPONSES:

• Yes: Strikes interfered with business and labor disputes and sometimes resulted in violence.

• No: Unionization resulted in better working conditions. continued . . .

• why workers joined unions• how unions organized workers

HOME

ASSESSMENT

• the role of unions in politics


4. Why did urban voters support President Roosevelt?

ANSWERANSWER

New Deal labor and relief programs helped the urban poor. Roosevelt made direct appeals to urban voters during his campaign.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 3

4Culture in the 1930s

Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature all blossom during the period of the New Deal.

KEY IDEA


HOME


HOME


• Gone With the Wind

• Richard Wright

• The Grapes of Wrath • Grant Wood

• Orson Welles


OVERVIEW

Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature blossomed during the New Deal.

The films, music, art, and literature of the 1930s still captivate today’s public.



1. Fill in the names of those who contributed to each aspect of American culture in the 1930s.

continued . . .

Radio Stars

Writers

Painters

HOME

ASSESSMENT

Orson Welles, Bob Hope, Jack Benny,

Burns and Allen

Richard Wright, Zora Neale Hurston,

James T. Farrell, John Steinbeck, Thorton Wilder

Edward Hopper, Thomas Hart Benton,

Grant Wood

Movie StarsClark Gable,

Marlene Dietrich, James Cagney,

Vivien Leigh, Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers


2. What type of movies do you think might have been produced if the government had supported moviemaking as part of the New Deal?

ANSWERANSWER

Movies that focused on social and political accomplishments, and documentaries about the Dust Bowl and the Depression.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .


3. How did the entertainment industry affect the economy?

ANSWERANSWER

Entertainment, especially movies and radio, was a lucrative industry during the Depression. New movie theatres had regular patrons; nearly 90 percent of Americans owned radios by 1940.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

continued . . .


4. In your opinion, what were the main benefits of government support for art and literature in the 1930s? Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

Writers produced literature about the hardships and daily struggle of the American people during the 1930s. New Deal art produced a written and pictorial legacy of the Depression years. The government provided writers and artists with the opportunity to create. The arts became more accessible to the public.

• the experiences of Americans in the Great Depression• the writers who got their start through the FWP• the subject matter of WPA murals and other New

Deal-sponsored art

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 4

5The Impact of the New Deal

The New Deal affects American society not only in the 1930s but also in the decades that follow.

KEY IDEA


HOMEGRAPH


HOME


• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

• National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

• parity


OVERVIEW

The New Deal affected American society not only in the 1930s but also in the decades that followed.

Americans still debate over how large a role government should play in American life.


GRAPH


1. List four long-term effects of the New Deal.

continued . . .

New Deal’sLong-Term Effects

National Labor Relations Board mediates labor

disputes.

Securities and Exchange Commission

monitors the stock market.

Social Security provides assistance to eligible citizens.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

insures accounts up to $100,000.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

GRAPH


2. Some critics have charged that the New Deal was antibusiness and anti-free enterprise. Explain why you agree or disagree with this charge. Think About:

ANSWERANSWER

Agree: The New Deal weakened free enterprise business by increasing regulations, taxes, union membership, and wages.

Disagree: It increased government spending, improved the economy, provided hope, and aided free enterprise. continued . . .

• the expanded power of the federal government• the New Deal’s effect on the economy

HOME

ASSESSMENT

• the New Deal’s effect on the American people

GRAPH


3. How successful do you think Franklin Roosevelt was as a president?

ANSWERANSWER

Success: Roosevelt’s New Deal programs addressed the crisis of the Depression and helped the country recover.

Failure: Roosevelt did not support civil rights for African Americans. New Deal legislation stifled free enterprise and individual initiative.

HOME

ASSESSMENT

End of Section 5

GRAPH

23 The New Deal QUIT CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME LINE VISUAL...

Documents

Transcript of 23 The New Deal QUIT CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME LINE VISUAL...