23 NNCVC Magazine Autumn 2012

7/31/2019 23 NNCVC Magazine Autumn 2012

1/32

Issxh 5? $ Kxwxdl 51;5

Wmh dknkilh f`u vhmiobh hlwmxsikswsObkssio $ O`bbhowkebh $ Xlxsxkb $ Ilwhuhswiln


2/32

5

Q``b U``d klg Gkuws

OHLWUKB NKUKNHEHMILG WMH W@^L OB@OJ

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Nhlhukb shuvioh & uhqkiu `f kbb dkjhs

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BKUNH D@GHUL ^@UJ_M@Q79 MINM _WUHHW" _MHUILNMKD

WHB/FK]3 1;56? =5?;6=

Kiu O`lgiwi`liln _huviohklg

UhqkiusKxw` Hbhowuiokb

Hlnilh KlkbyshuEuhkjg`~l Uho`vhuy

D,@,W,

Whswiln

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Uhwkib D`wù

Ilgxswuy

Fhghukwi`l

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K UHKB QXE

_HUVILN UHKB F@@G

W@ UHKB QH@QBH


3/32

Omkiudkls Uhqùw@vhu wmh ~hhjhlg `f _hqwhdehu =wmklg 9wm ~h kwwhlghg wmh bksw w~``xwg`ù hvhlws fù xs fù wmis shks`l, Wmhy

qu`vhg w` eh `xwswklgiln fù hvhuy`lh

~m` kwwhlghg, Wmh ~hkwmhu ~ks m`w w` sky

wmh bhksw" wmh o`dqkly `f obxe dhdehus

`l e`wm gkys dkgh fù k vhuy dhdùkebh

hlg w` `xu shks`l, @l _kwxugky dùliln

;8 okus visiwhg Fhbeuinn Mkbb klg mkg

k omkloh w` visiw wmh ilwhuhswiln LLGO

Nuhhl Exibg hvhlw , Kfwhu bxlom ~h d`vhg

w` Ebiojbiln Mkbb ~mhuh ~h ~huh kbb`~hg

w` gisqbky `xu okus il wmh o`xuwykug il

fu`lw `f wmh m`xsh, Dkly `f wmh visiwùs w`

wmh Mkbb ~huh wmuibbhg w` shh `xu vhmiobhs

`l vih~" klg okdh `vhu w` shh wmhd,

_xlgky f`xlg xs hlc`yiln wmh sxlsmilh

kw _hhwmiln kiuhbg klg kl h}ohbbhlw kiu

gisqbky gxuiln wmh kfwhul``l, Ouijhy iw

~ks c`bby m`w" exw `xu hvhlws smhbwhu skvhg

wmh gky,

@vhu kbb ~h mkvh mkg k fxlly yhku fù~hkwmhu klg ~iwm k lxdehu `f hvhlws mkvh

ehhl oxuwkibhg ù hvhl oklohbbhg kw smùwl`wioh, îwmil wmh obxe okbhlgku ~h mkvhg`lh vhuy ~hbb" kbb wmh dkcù hvhlws ~hmkvh sxqqùwhg ~iwm wmh h}ohqwi`l `f `lhmkvh n`lh ff vhuy ~hbb,Wmh o`ddiwwhh kuh kbuhkgy ~ùjiln`l lh}w yhkus hvhlws, I okl shh kl`wmhuh}oiwiln yhku il qu`sqhow,

Iw is ilwhuhswiln wmkw ~mibsw ~h mkvh kdhdehusmiq `f `vhu 511 `l k nuhkw dklyhvhlws wmhuh kuh quhoi`xs fh~ f wm`shil kwwhlgkloh, Iw ehns wmh {xhswi`l ks w`~my0 h kwwhlg bkunh sm`~s" sdkbb fhwhs"~h g` `xu `~l obxe gkys `xw w` miwmhuklg wmiwmhu" klg ~h wukvhb `xwsigh `f wmheùghus `f Lùf`bj w` fku `ff qbkohs sxomks Giss, Iw is vhuy ukuh wmkw ~h hvhl nhw ksdkly ks 8( `f `xu obxe dhdehusmiq `xw

kw kly `lh hvhlw,

Qhumkqs ~h kbb lhhg w` b``j kw wmh Obxehvhlws ~kbb okbhlgku ~mhl iw kuuivhs klg

dkjh quhqkukwi`ls w` qkuw wmh ~kvhs ko`xqbh f widh il wmh sxddhu, If y`x mkvhl`w ehhl `xw ~iwm wmh obxe ehfùh y`x kuhkssxuhg `f k ~kud ~hbo`dh, ^h wukvhbe`wm bòkbby klg ks dxom ks >1 dibhs `xwfu`d _mhuilnmkd" s` wmhuh `xnmw w` ehqbhlwy `f om ioh fù s`dhwmiln `f ilwhuhsw,Wmh mùuiebh wm`xnmw squilns w` dilg wmkw

dkyeh" cxsw dkyeh" ~h kuh l`w `ffhuiln~mkw k b`w `f dhdehus ~klw, M`~hvhu ~hksj hvhuy yhku fù sxnnhswi`ls klg l`wdkly kuh qu`ffhuhg, Iw is l` dhkl wksj w`qxw w`nhwmhu kl hvhlws qu`nukddh" exw~iwm`xw y`xu ilqxw ~h mkvh w` kssxdh~mkw ~h wmilj xq is ~mkw y`x ~klw, If iw isl`w wmhl ~h lhhg w` jl`~,

Gxuiln wmh o`xush `f 51;? ~h ~ibb eh ksj$

iln fù dùh mhbq fu`d wmh dhdehusmiq"ilghhg ~h mkvh kbuhkgy mkg s`dh `ffhus`f mhbq, Iw is xluhks`lkebh w` jhhq ksjilnwmh skdh fh~ hkom widh s` wmh dùh ~h kbbmhbq wmh ehwwhu fù wmh obxe,@xu Lh}w Nhlhukwi`l nu`xq is xq klg uxl$liln klg qbkls kuh kf``w w` ukish iws qu`bhgxuiln wmh ~ilwhu" h mkvh h}oiwiln qbklsw` hlo`xuknh wmhsh y`xln qh`qbh" k uhohlwkuwiobh il Obkssio Oku ^hhjby l`whg `xuqu`nuhss klg I mkvh uhohivhg k o`xqbh `fqm`lh okbbs fu`d ku`xlg wmh o`xlwuy ~iwmilwhuhswhg obxes ~klwiln w` mkvh wmhiu `~lobxe nu`xqs, Wmhuh is s` dxom w` `ffhufu`d xs kbb" klg ~iwm wmkw I ~`xbg ksj y`xw` wmilj if wmhuh is s`dh`lh il wmh fkdibyù kw ~ùj ù g`~l wmh u`kg ~m` dinmwhlc`y wmh ehlhws `l `ffhu w` wmh y`xlnguivhus, wmhl o`lwkow kly o`ddiwwhh

dhdehu,

Filkbby ~mibsw wmh `xwg`ù shks`l is `vhuwmh ilg`ù `lh ehnils klg ~h mkvh s`dhnuhkw wkbjs w` hlwhuwkil y`x gxuiln wmh~ilwhu, ^h kbs` mkvh wmh xsxkb ~ilwhu_xlgky bxlom il L`vhdehu klg wmhEiuwmgky Eksm bxlom il Dkuom 51;?" wmhshks hvhu ~ibb eh jhhlby quiohg w` kwwukow ksdkly `f wmh obxe ks q`ssiebh, Jhhq kl hyh

`l y`xu lh~sbhwwhus,

Nh`ff ?


4/32

Dknkilh

Hgiwù $ u`yehojbhyAk`b,o`d

_xe Hgiwù $ _kd Mhkwm

Ghsinl klg bky`xw $ Dkuo îbfùg

Quilwhg ey Omhvhuw`l Quilwhus" Ou`dhu

_houhwkuys Uhqùw

^hbb mhuh ~h kuh o`diln w` wmhhlg `f `xu si}wm yhku ~iwmy`xu Obxes dhdehusmiq ilouhksilnw` 5;= kw wmh bksw o`xlw, Wmh O`d$

diwwhh dxsw eh gìln s`dhwmilnuinmw ks wmh dhdehusmiq mksilouhkshg yhku ey yhku, M`~hvhu~h kuh l`w o`dqbkohlw klg ~klwy`x w` whbb xs ~mkw y`x bijh ke`xwwmh obxe klg ~mkw" if y`x mkvh kly"y`xu gisbijhs, @xu kid is w` ghbivhuwmh n``g h}qhuihloh il kbb wmkw ~hg`, If ~h mkvh fkibhg il kly~ky bhw

xs jl`~,$ hvhl wmh sdkbbhsw linnbh $~h ~ibb l`w dilg,

Dy wmkljs w` kbb wm`sh dhdehus~m` swhqqhg xq w` wmh qbkwh w` mhbqgxuiln wmh yhku hsqhoikbby kw wmh einobxe hvhlws$ _w Nhùnhs Gky Uxl"_m`~ l _milh klg Obkssio Vhmiobh_m`~ & _xddhu Fkiu, Wmilns gig

l`w kb~kys n` kooùgiln w` qbkl exw~h ~ibb bhkul fu`d `xu diswkjhs fùwmh fxwxuh,

_` fku wmis yhku y`x mkvh mhbqhgukish `vhu ="111 fù Mhbq FùMhu`hs" Hksw Klnbikl Kiu Kdex$bkloh klg dky `wmhus,

Y`x ~ibb I m`qh eh qbhkshg w` mhkuwmkw ~h mkvh shoxuhg wmh xsh `f wmhfkoibiwihs `f _mhuilnmkd N`bf Obxefù `xu dhhwilns fù wmh fùshkebhfxwxuh,Il wmis dknkilh y`x ~ibb lg

s`dh idqùwklw ilfùdkwi`l fu`dwmh Fhghukwi`l `f Euiwism MiswùioVhmiobh Obxes w` ~miom ~h ehb`ln,Wmh FEMVO" f`xlghg il ;9=="h}isws w` xqm`bg wmh fuhhg`d w` xsh`bg vhmiobhs `l wmh u`kg, Iw g`hswmis ey uhquhshlwiln wmh ilwhuhsws `f`~lhus `f sxom vhmiobhs w` q`biwi$oikls" n`vhuldhlw `foikbs klg

bhnisbkwùs e`wm il wmh XJ klg ilHxu`qh,G` b``j kw wmhiu ~hesiwh~~~,femvo,ùn,xj

Dy wmkljs w` hvhuy `lh ~m` mkso`lwuiexwhg kuwiobhs fù wmis ?5 qknhissxh, Ks I ~ibb l`w mkvh dklyhvhlws w` uhqùw `l il wmh lh}w

issxh gxh ku`xlg ]dks qbhksh jhhq~uiwiln, H dkib ù b`ln mklg $ ~hokl jlòj iw ilw` smkqh, Kq`b`nihsw` wm`sh ~m`s kuwiobhs I mkvh mhbg`vhu wmis widh,

U`y

O`ddiwwhh O`lwkowsOmkiudkl Nh`ff C`lhs 1;56? =616>6

Vioh Omkiudkl Omuiswilh _qkuu`~ 1;61? >=;9;>

_houhwkuy U`y Ehojbhy 1;56? =?>6;9

Wuhksxuhu/Dhdehusmiq Uh} Omiqq 1;61? >==>56

Hvhlws Nukmkd Nieeils 1;56? =56175

Gisobkidhu3Qbhksh l`wh wmkw kbwm`xnm hvhuy okuh is wkjhl" wmh Lùwm Lùf`bj Obkssio Vhmiobh Obxe -Wmh Obxe) koohqws l` uhsq`lsieibiwy fù wmh uhwx ul f qm`w`nukqms

ù `wmhu dkwhuikb sxediwwhg fu`d o`lwu iexwùs, Okuh is kbs` wkjhl w` hlsxuh wmkw wmh o`lwhlws `f kbb `xu qxebiokwi`ls kuh kooxukwh exw wmh obxe okll`w koohqw

uhsq`lsieibiwy fù kly huuùs wmkw dky òoxu fù wmh swkwhdhlws ù vih~s wmkw òoxu hgiwùikbby,

^mibsw okuh is wkjhl ~mhl koohqwiln kgvhuwishdhlws" if il g`xew uhkghus sm`xbg dkjh wmhiu `~l hl{xiu ihs, Wmh Obxe okll`w

koohqw kly uhsq`lsieibiwy fù kly uhsxbwiln xlskwisfkowùy wuklskowi`ls, Lù smkbb wmh obxe eh bikebh fù b`ss

gkdknh ù ilcxuy w` kly qhus`l ù qu`qhu wy kowiln `l ilfùdkw i`l o`lwkilhg il wmh Obxe Dknkilh ù

kly `wmhu Obxe Qxebiokwi`l ù wmh Obxe ^he siwh, Wmh Obxe ~ibb m`~hvhu" ilvhswinkwh kly

~uiwwhl o`dqbkilws ~miom wmhy uhohivh,

7


5/32

Guiviln @kjih M`dhKe`xw w~` klg k mkbf yhkuskn` I ~ks b``jiln `l heky kw~``g~ùj dkomilhs" wmhl I sk~

k biswiln fù obkssio okus, Wmhl iwskig Kdhuiokl okus" s` I obiojhgiw klg sokllhg wmu`xnm {xiwh kfh~, Wmhuh ~ks wmis `lh I jhqwo`diln ekoj w`, Iw ~ks wmh o`b xuwmkw w``j dy hyh, I qm`lhg dygkxnmwhu klg ksjhg if smh o`xbgnhw wmh `~lhus lxdehu -ks dyo`dqxwhu sjibbs kuh bidiwhg+), I

wmhl ksjhg dy ~ifh if smh ~`xbgbijh k wuiq w` Dklomhswhu" smhw``j `lh b``j kw dh klg skig l`wkl`wmhu ~``g~ùj dkomilh+ Iwmilj smh ~ks quhwwy sxuquishg~mhl I uhqbihg l`" k oku+_` `ff ~h ~hlw w` Dklomhswhu"f`xlg ~mhuh _whvh bivhg" qxbbhgilw` mis guivh w``j `lh b``j kw wmis

mxnh yhbb`~ oku klg skig l` ~kyg` I ~klw wmkw+ I wmhl uhkbishgwmkw ~kslw wmh oku I mkg o`dh w`b``j kw, Wmh `lh I mkg o`dh w`shh ~ks o`vhuhg xq ~iwm k wwhgob`wm o`vhu, _whvh okdh `xw w``jwmh o`vhu `ff klg h}qbkilhg k fh~wmilns klg ksjhg if I ~`xbg bijh w`wkjh iw xq wmh u`kg, I h}qbkilhg I

mkg lhvhu guivhl k bhfw mklg guivhoku il dy bifh, _` mh gu`vh iw w`k {xihw kuhk" I gu`vh iw ke`xw 811ykugs xlwib ~h uhkomhg k cxlowi`lI skig w` _whvh wmkws dh g`lh iwskbb y`xus0, ^h mkg k o`ffhh klggig k ghkb" mh skig mh ~`xbg okbbdh ~mhl mh mkg kuuklnhg k yhkusD@W" ~h wmhl kuuklnhg w` dhhw

il L`wwilnmkd,Wmh gky okdh klg `ff ~h ~hlw ildy ~ifhs biwwbh oku" ~h dhw

_whvh il k nkughl ohlwuh" sùwhgwmh qkqhu ~ùj `xw klg skign``geyh -smh mkg e`xnmw qbklwsey wmkw widh exw I nxhss I o`xbglwo`dqbkil+)Wmhl uhkbikwi`l miw" I w``j `lh

b``j kw wmis oku klg wm`xnmw m`~kd I nìln w` nhw wmis wmiln m`dh~iwm`xw miwwiln s`dhwmiln, ^hb``jhg kw wmh dkq klg qiojhg ku`xwh" I skig w` dy ~ifh if y`xwkjh k ~u`ln wxul wmhl s` ~ibb I,

^h ~huh gìln ~hbb" wmhl smhwxulhg `ff w` wmh bhfw" wmis giglw

fhhb uinmw kw kbb -l` qxl ilwhlghg+)s` `xw okdh wmh dkq klg kfwhuk wmuhh qìlw wxul -{xiwh k sinmwI kd sxuh fù `wmhus w` shh+) ~h~huh ekoj `l wukoj,I wm`xnmw I ~ks gìln kbb uinmwwmhl exdq" exdq" exdq I uhkb$ishg I ~ks `l wmh okws hyhs I mkgw` uhdilg dyshbf w` mxn wmh eklj,^h n`w w` wmh K;> s` I jlh~ wmhu`kg" I m`qhg dy ~ifh ~`xbg qxbbil wmh ein wuxoj guivhus okfh fùk euhkj klg smh gig -dkyeh smhwm`xnmw I o`xbg dklknh w` qkujil sxom k bkunh oku qkuj), ^h wmhldkgh iw wmh uhsw `f wmh ~ky m`dh"wmh bksw biwwbh omkbbhlnh ~ks nhw$wiln mhu il guivh ~iwm`xw miwwilnwmh nkwh" wmh ~kbb ù wmh q`sw klgskfhby qkujhg @kjih il wmh nkuknh"^H DKGH IW+

Q,_ _m`~l `l wmh fu`lw o`vhu, @kjihis k Okgibbko Eu`xnmkd 8,> V= klg

~h okbbhg mhu @kjih ks smh okdhfu`d @kjbkm`dk, _mh is ;= fw b`ln

klg 6

fw ~ighDkxuioh Uhhghu

8


6/32

Uhexibgiln M@_^mhl I uhwiuhg fu`d wmh okue`gy wukgh kfwhu 71 yhkusklg uhwiuhg w` Lùwm Lùf`bj I

m`qhg w` sqhlg dy widh nkughl$iln n`bln klg gìln GIY, Dy~ifh klg I dhw k fkudhu mis ~ifhklg gkxnmwhu kw _xlgky bxlomklg eho`dh vhuy n``g fuihlgsIw wxulhg `xw wmkw wmh gkxnmwhumkg k ;9>5 DNE NW fu`d lh~klg ~ks ke`xw w` soukq iw ks smh~ks d`viln m`xsh, I ghoighg w`

qky mhu 511,11 fù wmh lxdehuqbkwh -FON 7J) klg wmh okuokdh fuhh, ^mhl I n`w wmh okum`dh klg mkg k n``g b``j kw iwI ghoighg w` swuiq iw `xw w` shhif iw ~ks uhqkiukebh -iw is il wmheb `g), K b w `f uhqkiu eibbs klguhohiqws okdh ~iwm wmh oku iwkqqhkuhg smh sqhlw 9"111,11 il

;991 fù k uhexibg wmh n``g lh~siw mkg w~` lh~ fu`lw ~ilns" w~`g`ùs w~` uhku ~ilns `/s klgl/s sibbs uhqbkohg -l` ~k}ìb) klhlnilh uhexibg klg sxsqhlsi`lxqnukgh _wkilbhss swhhb h}mkxswsyswhd klg qhwu`b wklj klg k b`w`f illhu qklhb qkwomhg xq,

Wmh ekg lh~s wmh ~ùjdklsmiq

~ks okuuihg `xw w` k vhuy q`ùswklgkug $wmh e``w ~ks uxswy klg fxbb `f~kwhu ks ~ks wmh ilsigh `f wmhoku wmh illhu klg `xwhu sibbsklg `ùs ~huh vhuy uxswy" wmh

hlnilh eky b``jhg quhwwy nu`wwy"I dkgh k bisw `f qklhbs wmkwlhhghg w` eh uhqbkohg" e`llhw"`/s `ù" l/s `ù" e``w `ùklg h}whlsi`ls" l/s uhku ~mhhbkuom" uhku qklhb" fu`lw qklhb"uhku omkssis uhqkiu qklhbs" fu`lwomkssis uhqkiu qklhbs klg vkui`xsillhu qklhbs ~`xbg mkvh w` eh

dkgh klg qbkwhg xq, ^mhl Iswkuwhg oxwwiln wmh `bg uxswyqklhbs `xw iw okdh w` binmw wmkwlh~ dhwkb ~ks qbkwhg `vhu uxswklg ks k uhsxbw ~iwm l` qu`whowi`lehw~hhl wmh qklhbs k fh~ yhkusg`~l wmh bilh y`x hlg xq ~iwmw~` uxswy qklhbs -qu` wiq if y`xkuh nìln w` qbkwh `vhu uxsw oxw

`xw kbb wmh uxsw klg squky k n``g~hbg wmu`xnm Silj quidhu wè`wm lh~ klg `bg qklhbs ehf uh~hbgiln klg shkd shkb kbb~hbghg cìlws) kfwhu oxwwiln wmh`ùs klg sibbs `xw I ~ks nìlnw` mkvh k quèbhd wwiln wmh lh~illhu klg `xwhu sibb ks wmh uhku~iln ~ks l`w ehiln uhqbkohg, I

ghoighg w` ksshdebh klg ~hbgwmh sibb `ff wmh oku klg w iw il kskl ksshdeby iw ~ùjhg `xw uhkbby~hbb" I qkilwhg wmh ilsigh f kbbwmh sibb qklhbs ~iwm w~` o`kws `fMkddhuiwh klg squkyhg ~hbgwmu`xnm Silj quidhu `l kbb wmhobhklhg hgnhs w` eh ~hbghg ks I`lby mkvh k DIN ~hbghu kbb wmh

lh~ qklhbs ~huh qbxn ~hbghgk b`w `f illhu qklhbs showi`lsmkg w` eh uhdkgh fu`d smhhw

6


7/32

dhwkb klg ~hbghg il" wmh einnhswquèbhd ~iwm uhexibgiln bg okusis wmh exibg {xkbiwy ~ks l`w w`wmh swklgkug `f w`gkys d`ghuloku klg ks k uhsxbw l`wmiln shhdsw` w wmkw ~hbb

I ~`xbg sky I sqhlw kw bhksw fùwymus `l hkom qklhb w` nhw wmhd w`w w` k swklgkug I ~ks xshg w`~mhl uhqkiuiln d`ghul okus exwiw ~ks ~ùwm iw il wmh hlg,Kbb uhqbkohg qklhbs c ilws ~huhqkilwhg ~iwm k h}iebh shkdshkbhu w` sw`q dìswxuh nhwwiln

ehw~hhl wmh cìlws s`dhwmilnwmkw ~ks l`w okuuihg `xw il wmh`bg gkys

^mhl I swkuwhg dy qklhb ehkwilnkqquhlwiohsmiq il wmh 61kbb wmh~ùj ~ks okuuihg `xw ey `lhqhus`l i,h, swuiq klg w qklhbqkilw dhomkliokb hbhowuio klg

wuid, _` I mkvh wmh jl`~bhgnh wòkuuy `xw kbb wmh uhqkius dyshbf-k ein skviln `l wmh exgnhw), KsI ~klwhg w` xsh w~` qkoj qkilwI ~`xbg mkvh w` squky iw `l wmhguivh ,I `lby mkg k mvbq hbhowuiohkubh} squkyhu I e`xnmw w` squkys`dh fhloh qklhbs I swkuwhg eykqqbyiln ke`xw f`xu o`kws `f minm

exibg quidhu w` whsw wmh nxl `xwiw ~hlw uhkbby ~hbb, I ghoighgw` qkilw wmh oku il ebkoj wxbiq ko`b xu I kb~kys bijhg wmh `lby

guk~ekoj is iw mks q`ù o`vhuknh

_` I qkilwhg wmh ilsigh `f wmh okuklg hlnilh o`dqkuwdhlw ks kwuikb kbb ~hlw ~hbb

@l k sxlly @owèhu gky Ighoighg w` wkjh wmh qbxlnh klgsquky wmh smhbb, I m`shg g`~lwmh guivh ~iwm ~kwhu w` jhhq wmhgxsw w` k dilidxd" Wmh lismI n`w ~ks k ehwwhu wmkl I mkvhmkg il s`dh b`~ ekjh `vhlsVhuy biwwbh gxsw" `loh w~` qkojqkilw is kowivkwhg `l k ~kud gky

iw ~ibb eh gxsw fuhh il ke`xw vhdilxwhs klg uòj mkug il 57 muswmh g`ùs e`llhw klg wkibnkwh~huh squkyhg shqkukwhby,

Ke`xw k ~hhj bkwhu I uxeehg iwg`~l ~iwm 5"111 nuiw ~hw & guyklg nkvh iw k n``g q`bism I ~ks

vhuy qbhkshg ~iwm wmh lism,

îwm wmh e`gy uhqkius lismhgI lhhghg w` qxdq ^k}`yb ilw`kbb okviwys klg g`ùs ehfùhwwiln wmh wuid s` mkg w` bksm`xw klg exy k o`dquhssù klgquhssxuishg ~k} nxl I qxdqhgil kw bhksw 8 biwuhs `f okviwy ~k}"

I kbs` ghoighg l`ww` xlghushkbks iw ~ibb

>


8/32

hvhlwxkbby oukoj I qkilwhg wmhxlghusigh ~iwm vh o`kws `fMkddhuiwh klg wmhl xshg xlghue`gy k}`yb, I ~ibb k}`ybknkil k o`xqbh `f yhkus

Wmh fu`lw sxsqhlsi`l ~ksswuiqqhg g`~l qkilwhg klguhwwhg ~iwm lh~ q`by exsmhs,Wmh uhku k}bh obhklhg qkilwhglh~ ~ksmhus klg ~mhhb ehku$ilns wwhg

Dy eu`wmhu W`d k dhomklioswuiqqhg wmh hlnilh g`~l klg

f`xlg s`dh oukojhg qisw`luilns s` kbb ~huh uhqbkohgiw kqqhkuhg wmh hlnilh mkgehiln eùhg `xw w` *81 mh kbsòbhklhg xq wmh mhkg klg nu`xlgil wmh vkbvhs", ^mhl ksshdebhgklg mkg k n``g obhkl I squkyhgiw ~iwm w~` qkoj ebkoj,Wmh ~iuiln b``d ~ks swuiqqhg

g`~l d`ghul o`llhowi`lsuhd`vhg klg wwhg ~iwm ùinilkbwyqh klg uhe`xlg,Wmh illhu wuid ~ks quhwwynu`wwy klg gkdq I ghoighg w`nhw k o`dqbhwh wuid jiw il ckndknl`bik ~iwm ebxh qiqiln wò`dqbhdhlw wmh oku o`b`xuKbb wmh omu`dh ~ilg`~ fukdhs

~huh qiwwhg klg I

dklknhg w` lg sho`lg mklgswkilbhss fukdhs, Wmh exdqhusklg `xwhu omu`dh qkuws ~huhuhlh~hg ks uh{xiuhg

I kbb`~hg dy shbf w~` yhkus fù

wmh uhexibg iw w``j vh yhkus `lklg `ff ~`xbg I g` iw knkil0

Q_ k b`w `f qh`qbh mkvh ksjhg~mkw M@_ swklgs fù" ^mhl wmhoku ~ks ghbivhuhg dy ~ifh Dkuyokbbhg dh fu`d wmh nkughl klg

skig M@_ mkg kuuivhg ~mhlksjhg w` h}qbkil smh skig y`xjl`~ wmkw mhkq `f sm#w wmh lkdhswxoj,

Gkvig Uykl

=

_okl wmis [U o`gh ~iwm y`xusdkuwqm`lh w` visiw wmh LLOVO

~hesiwh,


9/32

W@wwhuiln w`Lklkid`^hbb I h}qhow wmh wiwbh dkymkvh y`x ~`lghuiln ~mkwwmis is kbb ke`xw" exw ehfùhnìln kly fxuwmhu bhw dh q`shk {xhswi`l, ^mkw g` y`x wmiljwmis qhoxbiku b``jiln vhmiobhis xshg fù 0 O`xbg iw eh fùfuhinmw mklgbiln 0 _`dh sùw`f fùj$bifw qhumkqs 0 Il k ~kyiws e`wm wmhsh wmilns exw wmhsqhoio qxuq`sh is fù nhwwiln

`kwqbklhs ilw` klg `xw `f wmh~kwhu,

O`lvhlwi`lkb kiuoukfw kuh `lhwmiln" exw `lhs wmkw `qhukwhfu`d ~kwhu uhkbby kuh {xiwhsqhoikb, Fb`kwqbklhs kuh k ukuhsinmw il Hxu`qh exw wmhy kuh klhvhuy gky dhkls `f wuklsqùw

il s`dh qkuws `f wmh ~ùbg" klg`lh sxom qbkoh is Euiwism O`$bxdeik il Oklkgk, Vklo`xvhu isk ~`lghufxb oiwy exw wmh mkue`xukuhk is qkuwioxbkuby idquhssivh~iwm k dkssivh ouxish smiqwhudilkb" o`lwkilhu qùw klg iwsvhuy `~l _hkqbklh whudilkbuinmw il wmh mhkuw `f wmh oiwy klg

cxsw kou`ss fu`d wmh ehkxwifxb_wklbhy Qkuj,

Wmhuh kuh shvhukb o`dqklihswmkw `qhukwh somhgxbhg shuviohsklg sinmwshhiln inmws `xw `f

Vklo`xvhu mkue`xu exw ey fkuwmh w~` bkunhsw kuh Mkue`xu Kiu_hkqbklhs klg ^hswo`ksw Kiu,Il fkow wmhsh w~` o`dqklihsdhunhg il 51;1 klg w` fùd wmhbkunhsw Fb`kw$Qbklh kiubilh il wmh~ùbg, Wmh kiuoukfw wmhy `qhukwho`xbg uhks`lkeby eh ghsouiehgks obkssios klg ilghhg s`dh

~`xbg sky wmhy ~huh khu`lkxwi$okb gil`skxus wmkw sm`xbg mkvhehhl h}wilow yhkus kn`, M`~$hvhu wmhy mkvh sxuvivhg klg" ils`dh okshs hv`bvhg" ehokxshwmhy kuh swibb lhhghg klg l` `lhmks dklknhg w` idqu`vh `lwmhiu eksio ghsinls ~miom kuhl`~ `vhu 61 yhkus `bg,

Wmh sinmwshhilninmws klg

9


10/32

wm`sh w` sdkbbhu somhgxbhg ghswilk$wi`ls kuh `qhukwhg ey `lh `f wmhwuxh nuhkws `f Oklkgikl kvikwi`l wmh GhMkvibbklg Oklkgk GMO$5Ehkvhu, Fiusw `~l il Kxnxsw ;97>

wmh Ehkvhu ~ks ghsinlhg fu`d wmh`xwshw ks k uxnnhg exsm qbklh wmkwo`xbg n` cxsw ke`xw kly~mhuh, Iwo`xbg `qhukwh ~iwm o`lvhlwi`lkbxlghuokuuiknh fu`d u`xnm xlquh$qkuhg swuiqs" fu`d sl`~ klg ioh `lsjis ù fu`d ~kwhu `l `kws, Q`~$huhg ey k 781 m,q Qukww klg ^miwlhy

ksq Cxliù iw okl koo`dd`gkwh

xq w` si} qksshlnhus ù mkbf k w`l `ffuhinmw,

Il ;98; GMO h~ wmh qu`w`wyqh `fwmh Ehkvhus ein eu`wmhu" wmh GMO$?

@wwhu,Bijh wmh Ehkvhu wmh @wwhu ~ks k

yiln qioj$xq wuxoj exw~iwm k ein 611 m,q,Q& U$;?71

W~il ^ksq hlnilh iw o`xbg okuuy xqw` ;7 qksshlnhus, E`wm wmh Ehkvhuklg @wwhu ~huh s`bg il {xklwiwy w`wmh X_ dibiwkuy ks ~hbb ks dklyoivibikl `qhukwùs il uhd`wh qkuws`f wmh ~ùbg, Fù dkly yhkus wmh

Ehkvhu" il bklg qbklh vhusi`l" ~kskbs` xshg ey wmh Euiwism Kudyilobxgiln h}whlsivh shuvioh ilLùwmhul Iuhbklg,

F`bb`~iln wmh sxoohss `f wmhshw~` kiuoukfw il ;968 GhMkvibbklg~hlw `l w` qu`gxoh wmh W~il @wwhu~miom ~ks q`~huhg ey w~` Qukww

klg ^miwlhy -Oklkgk ) QW6K$5>wxue`$qu`qs, Wmh W~@wwhu" ks iwehokdh jl`~l" is swibb il shuvioh ksk smùw uklnh kiubilhu il {xiwh bkunhlxdehus klg knkil iw lgs fkv`xu~mhuh hvhu uxnnhg uhbikeibiwy klgsmùw wkjh$`ff klg bklgiln okqkeib$iwy kuh k dxsw, Kbwm`xnm l`~mhuhlhku ks lxdhu`xs ks wmh bklg$qbklh

vhusi l" wmh `kw h{xiqqhg ùe``whg W~@wwhu is il shuviohfu`d Vklo`xvhu `l wmh b`lnhu klgdùh q`qxbku u`xwhs `qhukwhg ey

hsw O`ksw Kiu, Wmh `lh qiowxuhg~ks o`diln il w` bklg `vhu _wklbhyQkuj,

Ks wmh yhkus mkvh n`lh ey wmhuh

mkvh ehhl dkly kgvklohs il khu`$lkxwiokb ghsinl exw wmhuh kuh ohuwkilsqhoikbisw u`bhs ~mhuh lh~ kiuoukfw

;1


11/32

mkvh fkibhg w` ehwwhu wmh `lhswmhy ~huh ilwhlghg w` uhqbkoh,Wmis mks ohuwkilby ehhl wmh oksh~iwm Fb`kw$Qbklhs klg ks k uhsxbwwmh Ehkvhus klg @wwhus s`bgihu

`l gìln ~mkw wmhy mkvh g`lhskfhby klg hfoihlwby fù `vhumkbf k ohlwxuy, M`~hvhu `lhqkuwioxbku kuhk `f whoml`b`nywmkw mks kgvklohg nuhkwby silohwmhsh kiuoukfw ~huh usw exibw isnks wxueilh hlnilhs,

Wmh qisw`l hlnilhs ùinilkbby

wwhg w` wmh Ehkvhu klg @wwhumkg uhbkwivhby smùw `vhumkxbbivhs klg ~huh bke`xu ilwhlsivhw` dkilwkil, Wmis" kgghg w` wmhilouhksiln o`sw klg uhbkwivhsokuoiwy `f ;11 òwklh kvikwi`lfxhb" bhg w` s`dh Ehkvhusehiln o`lvhuwhg w` wxue`qu`qs,Wmh skdh o`lohqw ~ks sxe$

sh{xhlwby kqqbihg w` wmh @wwhuklg Mkue`xu Kiu ilswkbbhg >81m,q, Q&Ô QW6K$?7 hlnilhsil kbb ;= `f wmhiu kiuoukfw"dkjiln wmhd Wxue` @wwhus ùW@wwhus, Wmh hlnilh o`lvhu$si`l h}whlgs wmh l`sh `f wmhkiuoukfw niviln iw k dxom dùhqìlwhg qu`bh o`dqkuhg w` wmh

`bg ukgikb qisw`l hlnilh exw iwg`hs l`w ghwukow fu`d wmh `vhu$kbb kqqhkukloh `f wmh khu`qbklh,,

^mibh il Vklo`xvhu il 5119I mkg k omkloh w` y il e`wmk Ehkvhu klg k W@wwhu, Dyusw hvhu Fb`kwqbklh inmw ~ks ksinmwshhiln wuiq ~iwm hsw O`ksw

Kiu il `lh `f wmhiu Ehkvhus $ k;98= vilwknh dkomilh uhniswhuhg

O$NHS_, Kqkuw fu`d k sbinmwbyk~j~kug obide xq ilw` wmhokeil" wmh `qhukwi`l fu`d ~kwhu~ks h}wuhdhby sd``wm ~iwm lùhkb shlskwi`l `f ehiln kw shk,

Kbwm`xnm wmhuh is k ghsinlkwhgshkqbklh kuhk ghbilhkwhg eyex`ys" wmh kiuoukfw smkuh wmh~kwhu ~iwm smiqs klg qbhksxuh$oukfw `f kbb smkqhs klg sihs, Iwshhdhg uhdkujkebh wmkw wmhuh~huh l` o`bbisi`ls exw mkvilnkhu`qbklhs il kd`lnsw wmhe`kws shhds l` dùh xlxsxkb

il Vklo`xvhu wmkl qhghswuikls"oyobisws klg okus smkuiln wmhswuhhws il kly w`~l ù oiwy, Wmhwkjh$`ff ~ks sxuquisilnby {xiojklg wmh bklgiln uhdkujkebynhlwbh, Wmh vih~s `f Vklo`xvhu~huh kdkiln klg wmh inmw~ks `vhu kbb w`` s``l,

L`w o`lwhlw ~iwm wmh Ehkvhuinmw I ~klwhg w` wuy `xwwmh W@wwhu w` shh if wmhwxue`$qu`q hlnilh gig dkjhk l`wiohkebh giffhuhloh, WmhW@wwhus kuh `lby xshg fùsomhgxbhg shuviohs s` wmkw nkvhkl h}oxsh w` visiw Vklo`xvhuisbklg klg wmh ghswilkwi`l ~iwm

wmh d`sw inmws ~ks wmh quhwwybiwwbh w`~l `f Lklkid` `l wmhHksw o`ksw `f wmh isbklg" ke`xw58 dilxwhs yiln widh fu`dg`~l w`~l Vklo`xvhu, _` wmish}qbkils m`~ I f`xlg dyshbfW@wwhuiln w` Lklkid` +

@lh ilwhuhswiln wmiln wmkw okdh

w` binmw ~mhl e``jilnwmh inmw ~ks wmh

;;


12/32

di} `f dkbh klg fhdkbh qks$shlnhus, Wmh kiuoukfw kuh {xiwh~hinmw klg ekbkloh shlsiwivh klggiffhuhlw swklgkug ~hinmws kuhxshg fù dhl klg ~`dhl, Wmhuhsxbw `f wmis is wmkw if wmhuh kuhw`` dkly dkbh -i,h, mhkvy) qks$shlnhus iw islw kb~kys q`ssiebh w`bb kbb wmh shkws +

Wmh kiuoukfw somhgxbhg fù wmhwuiq ~ks k ;961 d`ghb uhniswhuhgO$FMKK, I ~kslw okuuyilndxom bxnnknh exw I gig mkvh ksdkbb uxojskoj ~iwm dh klg I~ks kgvishg wmkw wmh ouh~ ~`xbglhhg w` sw`~ iw ~mhl I n`w `le`kug wmh kiuoukfw, Wmhuh ~ksl`wmiln qkuwioxbkuby xlxsxkbil wmkw xlwib I mklghg iw `vhuw` wmh nu`xlg mklgbhu lh}w wmhqbklh klg mh qu`dqwby qxw iw il kbkunh mhkvh$gxwy qbkswio ekn, Kd`dhlw bkwhu wmh uhks`l fù wmis

ehokdh kqqkuhlw ksiw ~ks sw`~hg il

wmh ekn$

nknh o`dqkuwdhlw il wmh bhfwmklg `kw + Fb`kws" bijh e`kws"whlg w` bhkj" mhloh wmh qu`whowivhqbkswio ekn, Kqqkuhlwby wmhy g`òoksi`lkbby nhw m`bhg exw knkil"bijh smiqs" wmhy kuh shqkukwhgilw` giffhuhlw ~kwhu$winmw o`d$qkuwdhlws s` `lh o`dqkuwdhlwehiln ``ghg islw giskswu`xs,

W` mhbq dkl`hxvuiln `l wmh~kwhu hkom `kw mks k sdkbbuxgghu wwhg w` iw exw kw wmhswkuw `f wmh wkjh `ff uxl wmhshkuh uhwukowhg w` uhgxoh gukn `lwmh `kws, Wmis is g`lh xsiln kb`ln mklgbh ehw~hhl wmh qib`wsshkws l`w xlbijh kl `vhunu`~lmklg$eukjh, Kw wmh skdh widh"xlxsxkbby" wmh ~iln kqs kuhshbhowhg fxbb g`~l, Wmhshghviohs kuh nhlhukbby xshg wòuhkwh khu`gylkdio gukn w`mhbq sb`~ kl kiuoukfw g`~l fùbklgiln exw kw b`~ sqhhg wmhyokl kbs` qu`gxoh sinlioklw bifwklg `l wmh W$@wwhu wmis mhbqsw` nhw wmh kiuoukfw xq `lw` wmhswhq `f wmh `kws klg qbklhilnkou`ss wmh sxufkoh `f wmh ~kwhu,Wmh lhhg fù wmis whomli{xhehokdh kqqkuhlw ks wmh QW6hlnilh ~ks ~`xlg xq w` fxbbq`~hu klg" xlbijh wmh Ehkvhu"wmh kiuoukfw l`wiohkeby skw ekoj`l iws wkib, Koohbhukwi`l is fkiubysb`~ xlwib wmh kiuoukfw is `l wmhswhq exw iw wmhl sqhhgs xq ukqigbyklg nhlwby bifws `ff il kl kbd`swmùi`lwkb kwwiwxgh, Wmh kqs kuhuhwukowhg ks s``l ks kiueùlh klgwmh kiuoukfw wmhl obides {xiojby~mibh ekljiln smkuqby w` kvìgwmh exibgilns klg uisiln nu`xlg`l wmh `wmhu sigh `f wmh mkue`xu,

;5


13/32

Wmh W@wwhu ~ks k eiw dùhoukdqhg wmkl wmh Ehkvhu exw~iwm ein ~ilg`~s y`x swibb n`wk nuhkw vih~, Wmh inmws `lby`qhukwh kw ke`xw 5111 fhhw s`wmhuh is qbhlwy w` shh, O`diln

ilw` Lklkid` wmh inmw dkjhsk oxuvhg kqqu`kom ku`xlg kmhkgbklg klg knkil wmhuh shhdw` eh e`kws kbb `vhu wmh qbkohks kiuoukfw wk}ihs w` wmh chwwy~mhuh wmh qib`w jibbs wmh hlnilhklg guifws `l w` wmh fhlghus ~iwmmkugby k exdq,

If y`x hvhu nhw wmh omkloh I oklwmù`xnmby uho`ddhlg visiwilnVklo`xvhu klg ~mhl y`x kuhwmhuh wmh ~ky w` n` sinmwshhilnmks n`w w` eh il k Fb`kwqbklh +

C`ml Kbbhl

Wuhksxuhu Uh} mklgs `vhu wmh omh{xh fù 5781 w`

Hksw Klnbikl Kiu Kdexbkloh $ wmhquòhhgs ukishg kw wmis yhkus _w,Nhùnhs Gky

uxl, ;?


14/32

OU@DHUKDHUIOKL &OBK__IO OKU_M@^;5wm KXNX_W,

^hkwmhu qhudiwwiln wmisis kb~kys k n``g hvhlwks iw fùds qkuw `f wmh Ou`dhuOkulivkb ~hhj" s` n``g ou`~gskuh wmh lùd,Wmh obxe swklg b``jhg fkiubyidquhssivh ~iwm s`dh shvhlwhhl

okus uhqùwiln fù gxwy" klg~h ~huh bxojy hl`xnm" mkvilnkuuivhg hkuby" w` fùd wmh okus xqiddhgikwhby kb`ln sigh wmh uiln"wmhuhfùh niviln xs k nuklgswklgvih~ `f wmh vkui`xs hvhlws,Oku qkujiln wmis yhku fù wmhobkssios ~ks omk`wio ks wmhuh~huh s` dkly vhmiobhs klg `lby

`lh qhus`l w` shh wmhd il klgqkuj wmhd xq, Obxe vioh omkiuOmuiswilh _qkuu`~ ghoighg wò`dh w` wmh uhsoxh `f wmis q`ùdkl" g`llhg mhu mi$vi ckojhwklg quòhhghg w` qkuj ~mkwkqqhkuhg w` eh d`sw `f wmh ?11vhmiobhs viuwxkbby `l mhu `~l++_mh skig smh {xiwh hlc`yhg iw++

Wmis sm`~ kb~kys kwwukows k ~ighvkuihwy `f vhmiobhs ilobxgilnk n``g shbhowi`l `f Kdhuioklmkug~kuh e`wm swklgkug klgoxsw`dishg,

_`dh `f wmh Dxswklns ~huh wuxbyswxlliln,Wmhuh is s` dxom nìln `l kwwmis hvhlw wmkw wmh gky shhds w`n` uhkbby {xiojby" ~miom ~`xbgilgiokwh wmkw k n``g widh ~ksmkg ey kbb,

Fù wm`sh obxe dhdehus ~m` bivhbòkbby" klg mkvh l`w yhw wuihgwmis hvhlw " ~my l`w dkjh k l`wh`f iw fù lh}w yhku # klg nivh iw kn`, If wmh gky is lh y`x ~`lweh giskqqìlwhg,

#_xlgky ;=wm Kxnxsw 51;? Hg

Nh`ff _qkuu`~

;7


15/32

Kuh wmh giso eukjhsùinilkb0_

` I skig w` Eksib smkbb I hlwhuxs fù wmh Omkubhs Obkuj Ukbby

wmis yhku w` ~miom mh uhqbihg"Yhs" ~h g`lw ~klw w` eh siwwilnku`xlg gìln l`wmiln kw wmh ~hhj$hlgs g` ~h+ îwm wmkw I hlwhuhgxs fù `wmhu hvhlws" il kggiwi`lw` wmh `lhs ~h mkg kbuhkgy ehhlilviwhg w`" niviln k w`wkb `f w~hbvhexsy ~hhjhlgs" qbxs `xu w~`swhkd oku obxe w`xus klg s` ehnkl`xu dkg sxddhu `f l`l$sw`qswhkdiln,

Dky I kbs` qìlw `xw wmkw d`sw`f `xu swhkdiln ~ks g`lh il wmhq`xuiln ukil ~iwm swìo h}quhssi lsklg ~kwhuqu``fs fù ~h ~huh l`ww` eh ghwhuuhg, Xsxkbby ~h ~huhk qkuwy `f lilh xsiln e`wm `f `xu_wklbhy swhkd okus" wmh ;919D`ghb U klg ;9;1 D`ghb >1,Wmh usw wuiq `xw `l ;sw Cxlh" cxswf`xu gkys kfwhu uhwxuliln fu`dm`bigky" ~ks k {xioj ~mi `vhu w`_wuxdqsmk~ _whkd Ukbby kuuivilnil widh w` cìl il wmh qkukgh il wmhuiln" cìliln w~` `wmhu swhkd okuswmkw ~huh kbuhkgy wmhuh, Wmis ~ksf`bb`~hg ey kl ilviwkwi`l w` WmhDxshxd `f wmh Eu`kgs _whkdGky s` `xu okus o`xbg ibbxswukwhkl kbwhulkwivh fùd `f swhkd q`~huw` Fkbo`l wmh swhkd bkxlom wmhy~huh niviln uighs `l,

Kw @bg Exojhlmkd Kiusm`~~h ~huh 5 -wmh `lby 5 qkujhg `lo`louhwh l`w il wmh dxg) `f wmh 511il wmh obkssio oku gisqbky" fù ~miomwmh wùuhlwikb ukil sw`qqhg il widh

fù wmh kiu gisqbky ~miom ilobxghgkl k~hs`dh g`nnmw ey k _qiwuhklg k Dxswkln, Wmh lh}w _xlgkyf`xlg xs kw wmh Lùwm Lùf`bjVilwknh Wuklsqùw Gky kw M`bw_wkwi`l c ililn ?11 obkssio okus `l

gisqbky, Uhdkujkeby" fh~ `f wmhokus kw wmh sm`~s ~h kwwhlghg wmisyhku ~huh wmh skdh kw hkom hvhlw:wmhuh kuh kl k~fxb b`w `f obkssioklg vilwknh okus il `xu o`xlwy,Wmh d`sw o`dd`l {xhswi`l ~hkuh ksjhg kw hvhlws is kuh wmhgiso eukjhs ùinilkb0 ukwmhu wmkl~mhuh g` y`x qxw wmh o`kb0

^h w``j qkuw il Wmh Omkubhs ObkujObkssio Oku Ukbby" ~miom fù xs~ks k w`wkb `f ;?1 dibhs, ^h ~huh5 `f wmh 81 okus ~miom shw `ff ilwmh q`xuiln ukil fu`d Wmh Qinsil Hgnhhbg klg lismhg >1 dibhsbkwhu kw Euhssilnmkd _whkd Dx$shxd, Eksib ~ks ghbinmwhg w` ~il

wmh quih fù wmh ehsw quhshlwhgoku" mis D`ghb U, Lh}w _xlgkyf`xlg xs kw Ou`dhu fù wmh swkuw `fwmh Ohlwuh =; Obkssio Oku Uxl &_m`~" k sohlio ?= dibh guivh u`xlgwmh o`ksw u`kg w` Nuhkw Ykud`xwm~mhuh ~h ~huh ~iwm 61 quh$>8 okusqkujhg lh}w w` wmh _hk Bifh Ohlwuh"wmh okf kw ~miom vhuy jilgby bbhg

`xu ~kwhu exojhws fù xs" 81 widhs+Wmhuh ~ks w` eh k quih fù wmhoku bhkviln wmh einnhsw ìb qxggbhxlghu iw" ~miom ~h ~huh k ghkgohuw w` ~il exw ~h bkwhu f`xlg `xwwmhy mkg xlghuswklgkeby h}obxghgxs, Wmis ~ks k 95 dibh u`xlg wuiqfù xs,

Hinmw gkys bkwhu ~h~huh swhkdilnwmu`xnm wmh

;8


16/32

O`ws~`bgs fù 7 gkys ~iwm `vhu51 `wmhu fhbb`~ _whkd Oku Obxe`f Nuhkw Euiwkil obxe dhdehus~iwm wmhiu ;1 swhkd okus klg 5 `bgqhwu`b okus" k b`vhby uhbk}iln ~hhj~iwm nbùi`xs ~hkwmhu, W~` gkyskfwhu uhwxuliln m`dh ~h cìlhg wmhVhwhukl _qùws Oku Obxe kw wmhiubxlom sw`q `l wmhiu Lùf`bj W`xuklg f`bb`~hg wmhd ekoj w` îlnO`ddklghu Jhl ^kbbiss m`dhfù wmh lkb qkuw `f wmhiu u`xwh, h~huh quivibhnhg w` shh mis o`bbho$wi`l `f kxw`nyu`s klg w` biswhl w`mid wkbj ke`xw mis bifh gxuiln wmh

quih niviln, Wmh f bb`~iln _xl$gky ~h swhkdhg `vhu w` Ou`dhu~mhuh ~h o`lwuiexwhg w` Bifhe`kw

Gky ey qkujiln lh}w w` wmh qihu fùwmh dùliln w` mhbq ukish fxlgs fùwmh Ou`dhu Bifhe`kw,

^h mkg fxl wmh f`bb`~iln ~hhjhlgkw Wmh Guifhbg _whkd & VilwknhUkbby ~mhuh ~h mkg uxls `xw ilwmh dùlilns ehfùh ~h gu`vhu`xlg wmh uiln klg gisqbkyhg wmhokus, Wmh guivh ilw` wmh w`~l `fGuifhbg il wmh hvhliln ~iwm kbbwmh `wmhu swhkd okus klg wukowi`l

hlnilhs ~ks qkuwioxbkubyhlc`ykebh, Fu`dwmhuh ~h

wuklsqùwhg `xu D`ghb U w`Qiojhuiln ~mhuh ~h uh$gu`vh w~``f wmh 511; _OONE obxe w`xuuxls `f 91 dibhs hkom wmhl ~hd`vhg eksh w` Ekughl ~mhuh ~huh$ukl `lh `f wmh ;998 _OONEobxe w`xu uxls klg q`wwhuhg ke`xw,

Kbb `f wmhsh ilv`bvhg h}wuhdhbylkuu`~ w~iswy mibby u`kgs s`dh~iwm k 58( ilobilh, Kfwhu wmis~hhj `l `xu `~l ~h kuuivhghkuby kw Diggbhw`l$@l$Whhsgkbh

fù `xu dkil swhkd oku obxe w`xuùnklishg ey G`l O``j ~m` mkgjilgby quhqkuhg k u`xwh fù xs `lwmh _xlgky w` k bhkg dilh xsilnwmh u`kgs wmkw ~huh w`` swhhq w` qxw`l wmh `foikb w`xu u`xwhs, WmkljsG`l+ Wmh Whhsgkbh W`xu ~ks s`mibby iw fhbw bijh wmh u`xwhs ~huhxqmibb e`wm `xw klg ekoj, E`wm okus

gig wmh fxbb ~hhj ~iwm euhkjknhs

;6


17/32

ehiln uhqkiuhg il wmh hvhlilnuhkgy fù wmh lh}w gkys swhkdiln,

K minmbinmw ~ks qkojiln hinmw

qh`qbh `lw` `xu uhg U fù wmh bkswfh~ dibhs `f k qkuwioxbkuby mibbyu`xwh kfwhu k swhkd qiqh eu`jh `lwmh >1,

W~` ~hhjhlgs `ff w` uhoxqhukwhklg shuvioh wmh okus klg ~h ~huh`ff knkil" wmis widh w` wmh _hhwmilnOmkuiwy Kiu Gky" wmh m`wwhsw gky

`f wmh yhku klg ;sw ^ùbg ^kuklg ^ÎI qbklhs w` hlwhuwkil xs,Ehokxsh ~h `~l îlguxsm" wmhswhkd q`~huhg Dùuis ;111 qioj$xq" ~h ehb`ln w` wmh Lùwm Lùf`bjDùuis ;111 obxe klg nkwh ouksmhgNhukbgs Uxl ~iwm `xu D`ghb >1-~h giglw mkvh w` gisnxish iw ks kDùuis ;111) ~miom swkuwhg ~iwm

o`ffhh kw ^yd`lgmkds miswùioukib~ky swkwi`l & ilobxghg k uivhuou`ssiln `l wmh Uhhgmkd OmkilFhuuy, Ks I ~uiwh wmis ~h cxsw mkvhwmh Quhso`ww Mibb Obide ~hhjhlgbhfw w` kwwhlg ~mhuh Eksib is m`q$iln w` shw k widh ~iwm mis lh~byo`dqbhwhg ?1mq _wklbhy D`ghb Jshdi$ukohu,

h kuh bxojy w` eh oxsw`gikls `fswhkd okus ~miom kuh vhuy sqhoikb

klg hvhuy`lh mks ~hbo`dhg xs~mhuhvhu ~hvh ehhl klg ~hvhehhl kebh w` c il il `l b`ws filwhuhswiln hvhlws klg dhw s` dklybijh dilghg qh`qbh, ^hvh mkg keuibbiklw yhku+

Vioji Ouksjh

Visiw wmh Obxes ~hesiwh fùdùh qiowxuhs klg lh~s ilobxg$iln wmh bkwhsw lh~s bhwwhu,~~~,,llovo,ùn,xj

;>


18/32

_W@LMKD EKUL_;9wm KXNX_W,Fù d`sw `f wmh kwwhlgiln obxedhdehus wmis ~ks k usw kw_w`lmkd Ekuls exw kqkuw fu`dwmh sih `f wmh qb`w wmkw ~kskbbòkwhg" qu`vhg w` eh k uhkbbyn``g gky,_`dh ?81 vhmiobhs ~huh uhqùwhgw` mkvh ehhl quhshlw klg ohu$wkilby wmhuh ~huh k vhuy bkunhlxdehu klg vhuy vkuihg wxul`xw,_w`lmkd `f o`xush mks dkly

kwwukowi`ls w` hlc`y ilobxgilnwmhiu ~hbb jl`~l Eiugs `f Quhyohlwuh" oku e``w" kxw`cxdebh klg k~m bh m`sw `f vkui`xs swklgs,

hkwmhu `l wmh gky ~ks vhuy~kud klg gxiln wmh kfwhul``l iwb``jhg bijh k wmxlghuswùd ~ks`l wmh ~ky exw" kqkuw fu`d k fh~gu`qs iw okdh w` l`wmiln klg wmh

sxl uhwxulhg,

Ks mks ehhl wmh qukowish ilquhvi`xs yhkus ~mhl wmh obxemks kwwhlghg hvhlws wmkw kuh k eiwfxuwmhu `xw wmkl bòkb `lhs Nh`ffC`lhs e``js k sqkoh kw k ghohlwbòkb m`swhbuy `l wmh ~ky m`dh"-fù wm`sh ~m` ~ism),

Il wmis ilswkloh wmh~kwhuiln m`bh

~ks WmhF`xu

Mùshsm`hs kw Wmùlmkd Dknlk~mhuh k vhuy qbhksklw klg c`vikbdhkb ~ks hlc`yhg `xwsigh il wmhnkughls -l` ~h ~huh l`w wmkwekgby ehmkvhg+++),Wmis ~ks k uhkbby sxqhu ~ky w`hlg ~mkw ~ks k vhuy qbhksklw gky"klg iw is k qiwy wmkw dùh dhd$ehus g`lw e``j fù wmhsh hvhlwsks wmhy uhkbby kuh hlc`ykebh" klgwmis jilg `f sòikbisiln is ~mkwwmh L,L,O,V,O, is kbb ke`xw -l`wcxsw okus)@m klg fù wm`sh ~`lghuilnm`~ `fwhl okus euhkj g`~l `lwmhsh wuiqs w` wmh fku oùlhus `fLùf bj" klg s`dhwidhs ehy`lg"wmh kls~hu s` fku is kbd`sw lhvhus` lh}w yhku iw ~`xbg eh uhkbbyn``g w` shh s`dh fuhsm fkohs kwwmhsh ukwmhu sqhoikb hvhlws,

Nh`ff _qkuu`~,

;=


19/32

EHH_W@L MKBBOBK__IO VHMIOBH_M@^ & _XDDHUFKIU 56wm KXNX_W,

Wmh obxes ilkxnxukb sm`~okl `lby eh ghsouiehg ks kuhs`xlgiln sxoohss `vhukbb,Wmh sxsqhow ~hkwmhu fùhokswwxulhg `xw w` eh wmkljfxbby vhuy~u`ln klg wmh gky sidqby n`wehwwhu klg ehwwhu,Wmhuh ~huh quèbhds kw wmhhlwukloh nkwh" dkilby gxh w` wmh

fkow wmkw wmis mkg w` eh omklnhgkw wmh bksw dilxwh kw wmh uh{xhsw`f wmh som``b, Iw dky eh sxiwkebhfù wmhiu sqùws gky ~mhl kbbwmh qkuhlws jl`~ ~huh wmhy kuhnìln, Iw qu`vhg w` eh xlsxiw$kebh fù `xu hvhlw ~miom mkg kdi}wxuh `f sm`~ vhmiobhs" swkbbm`bghus" mhbqhus hwo kbb wuyiln w`

lg wmhuh ~ky il,+M`~hvhu obxe dhdehus g`llhgmi$vi ckojhws klg squkln w` wmhuhsoxh klg skfhby eu`xnmw s`dh;?1 obkssio vhmiobhs w` qkuj `lwmh nu`xlg,

Kqkuw fu`d wmh vhmiobhs wmhuh~huh k n``g lxdehu `f `wmhu

kwwukowi`ls w` hlwhuwkil wmh dklyvisiwùs ~m` kwwhlghg" wmh dkil`lhs ehiln wmh Eu`kgbklg G`nKnibiwy Gisqbky" _wi} l Wui}qhuoxssi`l eklg" w`de bk klg `fo`xush qbhlwy `f swkbbs `ffhuilnvkui`xs f``gs & `wmhu iwhds" l`wbhksw `f ~miom wmh qbklw swkbb uxley l`lh wmhu wmkl `xu ibbxswui$

`xs omkiudkls ~ifh Kll,Fu`d wmh obxes qìlw `f vih~wmis ~ks wmh gky wmkw Wmh Lh}wNhlhukwi`l okdqkinl ~ks

`foikbby bkxlomhg" klg il wmis~h ~huh bxojy hl`xnm w` shoxuhwmh shuviohs `f Lioj Bkujil fu`dObkssio Oku ^hhjby ~m` n`w `lwmh diou`qm`lh w` nivh wmis kn``g qbxn ks ~hbb ks cxgniln wmhvkui`xs vhmiobh okwhnùihs klg

il wxul quhshlwiln wmh quihs,-Lioj mks siloh ~uiwwhl k qihohil O,O,^, il uhsqhow `f wmh Lh~Nhlhukwi`l klg kbs` shqkukwhbyuhqùwhg `l wmh oku sm`~ ~iwm klxdehu `f qiowxuhs),Kbb il kbb k uhkbby n``g gky klgs`dhwmiln `f ~miom wmh obxeokl eh vhuy qu`xg, Bhss`ls

mkvh ehhl bhkulhg" klg ~h b``jfù~kug w` hvhl einnhu klgehwwhu lh}w yhku,Wmh ioiln `l wmh okjh ~ks w`wmh kd`xlw `f d`lhy ukishgfù wmh vkui`xs omkuiwihs ~miomkd`xlwhg w` kl kdkiln 8;7>`f ~miom ?718,61 ~ks fùwmh obxes om`shl omkuiwy Mhbq

fù Mhu`hs" wmh uhdkilghuehiln sqbiw ehw~hhl M`xlgs fùMhu`hs" _w C`mls Kdexbkloh"^hsw Uxlw`l _o`xws klg EuiwismBhni`l omkuiwihs,Wmkljs gxh w` `xu sq`lsùs`l wmh gky ~m` o`vhuhg kbb wmho`sws Uhnhlw Nkuknh" ^kuuhlJhllhbs" Mhluihs Nkuknh klg

Wmh Bèswhu, Wmkljs kbs` w` wmhdkly kgvhuwishus il wmh s`xvhliueuòmxuh,Kes`bxwhby fklwkswio++++ U`bb `l51;?,

Quih ~illhus ghwkibhg `vhubhkf

;9


20/32

KBFK_XGMI_W@UY

Wmh oku ~ks qxuomkshg ilCklxkuy ;9== ey Lio Qknhklg Ksmbhy Quioh ks k cìlw

vhlwxuh w` exibg klg ghvhb`qk o`dqhwiwivh _quilw klg Mibb$obide oku fù wmh EKUO shuihs,

Uhniswhuhg UQD =;1]" iw ~kswmhl > yhkus `bg klg mkg ehhlmiwmhuw` il gkiby xsh fù ~ùjks wuklsqùw fù iws ~ilg`~obhklhu `~lhu, îwm >6111

dibhs uhoùghg" iws hlnilh ~kss`dh~mkw sd`jhy klg sxsqhl$si`l k biwwbh wiuhg exw iw ~ks wmhh}ohbbhlw uxsw$fuhh e`gy klg`ùqkl wmkw idquhsshg xs: kwukiw wmkw is mkug w` lg kd`lnwmh euhhg" `~iln w` wmh fkbshho`l`dihs s`xnmw ey Iwkbikl okudklxfkowxuhus, Omhkq" uhoyobhg

Uxssikl swhhb idqùwhg ilwmh >1s klg =1s~ks bkunhby w`

ebkdh, F uwxlkwhby" `xu ~ilg`~obhklhu mkg n`lh ehushuj ~iwm^k}`yb" ~miom mkg" fù wmhd`sw qkuw" shkbhg `ff wmh `f$fhlgiln swhhb fu`d wmh h}whulkbhffhows `f `}igiskwi`l, Wmh sighhffhow ~ks wmh kbd`sw dknlhwiokwwukowi`l `f nuidh klg nuiw w`

hvhuy l``j klg ouklly,

GHVHB@QDHLW

Wmh ghvhb`qdhlw fu`d k u`kgvhmiobh ilw` k _quilw oku ~kshffhowhg il shvhukb ~kys,

Fiuswby" k fxbb u`bb oknh ~ks

ilshuwhg" ~iwm s`dh ghnuhh `fgifoxbwy" ks wmh uhnxbkwi`ls fùwmh obkss uh{xiuhg wmh shkws klgkbb ùinilkb wuid w` eh il qbkoh,

51

OBK__H_ & QUISH ÎLLHU_3$QUH ;978 Du, U, Fuyhu Kxswil >

QUH ;961 Du ,C, Obkujh Euisw`b 5biwuh

QUH ;9=1 Du, K, _qkuu`~ Dili

O``qhu

Q@_W ;9=1 Du, C, Ok~wh Dùuis IwkbU`ykb Dkib Vkl

Nh`ff _qkuu`~


21/32

5;

Wmh swklgkug sxsqhlsi`l ~ksuhqbkohg ~iwm smùwhlhg" whdqhuhgsquilns kbb u`xlg-781be fu`lwklg 881be uhku) gkdqhg ey J`li_qùw smòj kesùehus, Wmh uhku~mhhbs ~huh bhfw ~iwm wmhiu ùinilkbokdehu klg w`h$il w` dkjh fxbb xsh

`f wmh ghkg ehkd k}bh kuuklnh$dhlw, Kw wmh fu`lw wmh mxes ~huhsmiddhg w` nivh 5 lhnkwivhokdehu" ~mibh w`h$il ~ks shw kw , Kbb `f wmis b`~huhg wmh oku eys`dh 5 ilomhs,

;?11 Hlnilh

Wmh hlnilh uhqbkoiln wmh okusùinilkb ;811 _O xliw ~ks k ;?11xliw -;5=6oo) wkjhl fu`d wmhquhvi`xs _quilw oku, Wmis hlnilh~ks eksiokbby k swklgkug xliw"h}ohqw fù qisw`ls klg uilns fu`dk ;511, Wmh ouklj mkg ehhl ekb$klohg" ks mkg wmh y~mhhb, Wmishlnilh il wmh quhvi`xs Kbfksxg"

mkg ~`l iws obkss il > `xw `f ;1squilws klg `lby b`sw `xw w` wmhlh~hu" dxom dùh q`~hufxb" ;6vkbvh" fxhb$ilchowhg _xxji _~ifwNwis, _``l kfwhu wmh wuklsqbklw wmhEKUO ghoighg w` kdkbnkdkwhs`dh `f wmh obksshs klg s` hksh wmhkgdiliswukwi`l" ~miom ~ks kbb vhuy~hbb" exw iw dhklw hiwmhu hlwhuiln

xlo`dqhwiwivhby il k bkunhu hlnilhokqkoiwy obkss ù" sidibkuby" ~iwmwmh d`gihg nu`xq, ^h om`sh wmhbkwwhu" ~miom" il uhwu`sqhow" ~ksquèkeby wmh ~u`ln ghoisi l,

;?11 D`gihg hlnilh

Wmh hlnilh ~ks shlw w` U,_,

Hlnilhhuiln il Okdeuignh ~iwmwmh ilswuxowi`ls w` d`gify iw fùsquilwiln exw dkilwkil k u`kg$bhnkbklg -uhks`lkeby) wukowkebh hlnilhfù òoksi`lkb u`kg xsh,

_qhoiokwi`l3

Iws bifh il wmis nxish ks k _quilw oku~ks fkiuby smùw$bivhg ks Ksmbhyklg I mkg e`wm ghoighg w` dkjhokuhhu d`vhs: mh w` Qhuwm" Kxs$

wukbik: I w` Yùjsmiuh, Kl xllhuv$iln h}qhuihloh" ~mibh o`dqhwiln kwkl Kbfk qukowioh gky kw N``g~``g"smùwby ehfùh wmh sqbiw" dkghxs uhkbish wmkw wmhuh ~ks s`dhghvhb`qdhlw ~ùj w` g`, ^mibhomklniln giuhowi`l kfwhu Fùg~kwhufù wmh bhfw$mklghu kw _w, Dkuys"~h e`wm h}qhuihlohg shui`xs u`bb$

`vhu `l wmh wyuhs" okxsiln wmh okuw` sqil il Ksmbhys oksh" klg lhkubys` il dilh, Wm`xnm wmh 518 } 61 };? Y`j`mkdks-K11;) ~huh uho`d$dhlghg fù 8 C uids" I g`lwwmilj wmhy sm`xbg mkvh ehhl s` fùo`dqhwiwi`l guiviln k oku okl u`bb`vhu il sxom oiuoxdswklohs,

I e`xnmw wmh `wmhu mkbf fu`dKsmbhy il @owèhu ;9== klgeu`xnmw wmh oku w` Mkuu`nkwh,

@vhu wmh ~ilwhu I ghoighg Ig bijhw` wuy dy mklg kw obxe ukoiln knkil-wmh bksw widh I mkg ukohg ~ks il_`xwm Kfuiok il wmh hkuby >1s),Kqkuw fu`d wmh ~mhhb/wyuh o`d$

eilkwi`l omklnh I ~hlw fù k ;811hlnilh" dkwhg w` k ;511 nhkue`},Wmh uhks`ls fù wmis ~huh wmkw wmh;?11 ghvhb`qhg qhkj q`~hu klgwù{xh ehw~hhl 8111$>111 u,q,d,klg iw lhhghg w` swky il wmkw q`~hueklg ù iw ~`xbg shui`xsby fkbb `ffokd, Wmis dkgh guiviln {xiojbygifoxbw" dkgh dùh s` ey wmh

~ighby sqkohg nhkuukwi`s `f wmh bkwhud`ghbsnhku$


22/32

55

e`}, Wmh ;811 ~`xbg nivh k~ighu squhkg `f wù{xh -?811$

>111 u,q,d,)" ~mibh wmh ;511nhkue`} mkg dxom ob`shu ukwi`s"

kbbihg w` wmh b`~hu lkb guivh`f 7,;;3; -ukwmhu wmkl ?,=93;),I mkvh w` kgdiw wmkw wmh ;?11mkg disshg k ein$hlg ehkuilnomklnh klg mkg uxl `lh" uxil$iln `lh `f wmh ouklj c`xulkbs,Wmis ~ks qkuwby okxshg eyswuhwomhg ein$hlg e`bws fu`do`lwilxkbby uhvviln w` =111

u,q,d, EB_ `f Bilo`bl ~huhnivhl wmh cè `f exibgiln klhlnilh w` dy sqhoiokwi`l klgw` okuuy `xw s`dh d`giokwi`lsw` wmh eukjiln syswhd" lhiwmhu`f ~miom I ~klwhg w` hlwuxsww` dyshbf++ M`~hvhu" I gigwkjh okuh `f kbb wmh e`gy~ùjd`giokwi`ls" hbhowuios klg wmh

swuiqqiln `f kbb ilwhulkb wuid"ehf uh wwiln k uh h}wilnxismhusyswhd" Jhvbku shkw klg 7$qìlwmkulhss,

;811 d`gihg hlnilh_qhoiokwi`l3

K swklgkug ;811-=7dd } 6>,5dd)~ks uheùhg

w`

*;dd niviln kl =8dd eùhklg kl ilouhksh il okqko$iwy fu`d ;791oo w` ;858oo,@vhusih qisw`ls klg uilns ~huhwwhg ~mibh wmh qisw`l ou`~ls~huh dkomilhg" kb`ln ~iwm

wmh ebòj fkohs" w` ilouhkshwmh o`dquhssi`l ukwi` fu`d 93;w` ;1,83;, Wmh oukljsmkfw ~ksekbklohg klg q`bismhg ~mibh wmho`llhowiln u`g ein$hlgs ~huhd`gihg w` koohqw O`s~ùwmein$hlg e`bws -klwi$swuhwom),Kbkunh okqkoiwy" ekfhg sxdq~ks wwhg w` quhvhlw ìb

sxunh, Kw wmh w`q hlg einnhuilbhw vkbvhs -71dd ukwmhu wmkl?6dd) ~huh wwhg" kb`ln ~iwmg`xebh vkbvh squilns w` quhvhlwe`xloh, Wmh hehu ?6 IGFokuexuhwwùs ~huh uhwkilhg exw?5dd om`jhs uhqbkohg wmhùinilkbs, K sigh h}iw h}mkxsw~ks dkwhg w` k ;18emq Wi

h}mkxsw dklif`bg, Kqkuw fu`dehiln sd``wmhu klg euhkwmilnehwwhu `lh okl mkugby okbb wmisk minmby d`gihg hlnilh" bhwkb`lh wmkw wmh obkss okqkoiwybidiw ~ks ;611oo" ~miom `wmhuo`dqhwiwùs ~`xbg dkjh fxbbxsh `f, Exgnhws w` wmilj `f++M`~hvhu" wmis hlnilh ~iwm wmh

kfùhdhlwi lhg nhkue`} ~ksk mxnh idqu`vhdhlw `vhu wmh;?11,

Wmh eukjhs ~huh wwhg ~iwmKhu`{xiq m`shs klg uh$qiqhg~mhuh lhohsskuy, Lh~ ~mhhboybilghus ~huh wwhg kbb u`xlg"~mibh k qkiu `f uho`lgiwi`lhg

okbiqhus klg Dilwh} D;?;o`dqhwiwi`l qkgs qu`vighg wmhsw`qqiln q`~hu kw wmh fu`lw,


23/32

6C O`dq`d`wivh kbb`y uids sm`g~iwm Diomhbil 8?1 gikdhwhu sbiojsfù guy klg Y`j`mkdk ;=8}61};?~hws dkgh xq wmh nuiq ghqkuwdhlw,O`lsighuiln wmh b`~ swkwh `f wxlh"bidiwhg ey fxlgs" wmh shks`l ~ksvhuy sxoohssfxb,

Fù wmh lh}w wmuhh shks`ls - 9; w`9?) wmh hlnilh uhdkilhg il wmhskdh swkwh `f wxlh klg ~ks dhuhbyfhwwbhg klg nivhl ehkuiln omklnhskw shks`ls hlg xlwib wmh o`dqhwi$wi`l ghdklghg k {xiojhu xliwkbw`nhwmhu, @lby hbhowu`lio inliwi`l~ks kgghg gxuiln wmkw qhui`g,Dhkl~mibh nukgxkb ghvhb`qdhlw`f wmh e`gy~ùj klg `wmhu uxllilnnhku" ilobxgiln qhusqh} ~ilg`~s"w``j qbkoh,

W`~kugs wmh hlg `f ;995 k shw`f = ilom O`dq`d`wivh kbb`ys~huh qxuomkshg `lw` ~miom h}$F?Euignhsw`lh sbiojs -8;1};=1) ~huhwwhg, Wmhsh nhkuhg wmh oku g`~lhvhl dùh ks wmh `vhukbb gikdhwhu~ks l`~ `vhu 5 ilomhs bhss wmkl wmhswklgkug `lh, Wmh ~mhhbs" wm`xnml`w h}qhlsivh" w``j binmwyhkus w`ko{xiuh" ks wmh uh{xiuhdhlw ~iwmwmkw `ffshw ~ks sdkbb, O`dq`d`$wivh ~huh" m`~hvhu" wmh `lbydklxfkowxuhu ~m` ~`xbg dkjhwmhsh `lh$`ffs, W koo`dd`gkwhwmh h}wuk ~igwm wmh swhhb ~ilns mkgw` eh s`dh~mkw d`gihg,

Fù ;99? ~hinmw$skviln ~ks wmhùghu `f wmh gky, Wmilns ~miomsm`xbg mkvh ehhl g`lh ehfùh~huh l`~ kwwkojhg ~iwm nxsw`+ Kshw `f euhnbkss d`xbghg qklhbs~huh e`xnmw w` uhqbkoh wmh e`llhw-;5jn skviln)" ~ilns -6jn hkom)klg e` wbig, Wmh bkwwhu I dkgh `xw

`f k silnbh qihoh `f 6dd qhusqh}klg uivhwwhg k sdkbb euhnbkssqklhb kw wmh eksh, Wmis ~ks wmhlkwwkomhg w` wmh oku ey e`llhw obiqs,Wmis iwhd kb`lh skvhg k dkssivh?1jn `vhu wmh swhhb big" ~iwm nbkss~ilg`~" ~iqhu d`wù klg ebkgh, Ilkbb" lhkuby ;61jn mkg ehhl smkvhgfu`d wmh dklxfkowxuhus sqhoihg~hinmw klg ~ks g`~l w` >?1jn,Wmh oku ~ks uhkbby {xioj l`~ klg~`l iws obkss w~ioh klg ~ks qbkohgil wmh w`q wmuhh hvhuy `wmhu widh Ilismhg, Iw ~ks swibb xlghuq`~huhg"wm`xnm" klg wmh o`dqhwiwi`l ~`xbgeh eukjh binmws il wmh giswklohehfùh b`ln" I uhoj`lhg,

;611 d`gihg hlnilh

Wmh ;811 ebòj ~ks eùhg `xww` =>dd" niviln k okqkoiwy `f;89=oo, ;;dd okds uhqbkohgwmh swklgkug 9dd xliws nivilnnuhkwhu `vhubkq,78dd Ghbbùwòkues uhqbkohg wmh ùinilkb hehu?6 IGFs, Wmh ~m`bh hlnilh ~ksuhexibw wmis widh klg wmh o`dexs$wi`l omkdehus" ilbhw klg h}mkxswqùws ~huh dkomilhg klg q`bismhgw` koo`dd`gkwh wmh h}wuk nks `~,

Wmh eukjhs mkg kb~kys ehhl klKomibbhs mhhb `l Kbfksxgs ~iwmwmh q`ù shbf kgcxswdhlw `l wmhfu`lw gisos bhkgiln w` k b`lnqhgkbgxuiln k ukoh, Wmis ~ks kbs`qkuwby gxh w` wmh mhkw exibg$xq `fwmh ile`kug fu`lw eukjhs siwwilnob`sh w` wmh sigh `f wmh m`w nhkue`}"ghsqiwh h}whlsivh gxowiln -fùdhuvkoxxd obhklhu m`sh), K shw `fvhlwhg gisos ~huh dkgh fù wmhfu`lw klg sqkohusdkgh w` wkjhokuh `f wmh

5?


24/32

~ighu gisos" ~mibh wmh okbiqhus~huh oxw g`~l w` h}obxgh wmhmklgeukjh hbhdhlw- uhdhdehuw` bhkvh iw il nhku `l k mibb++) Wmhusw" klg skgby `lby" dhhwiln kw$whlghg il ;997" kw Okg~hbb Qkuj"

w` wuy wmis o`deilkwi`l qu`vhgw` eh vhuy hffhowivh, B`ss `f cèklg sxesh{xhlw shbf$hdqb`ydhlwmkvh uhsxbwhg il e`wm k bkoj `ffxlgs klg widh" fù wmh widhehiln" kly~ky,

Lio Qknh

_M@^ L _MILH 5?ugCXBY,

Wmis yhkus _m`~ l _milh linmw~ks k nuhkw sxoohss" ~iwm wmhvhlxh d`viln w` wmh bkunh qukowiohnu`xlg `f _mhuilnmkd N`bf Obxewmkljs w` wmh N`bf obxe Okqwkilklg O`ddiwwhh klg iw uhkbby bhlwiwshbf w` wmh òoksi`l" ~iwm `vhu;?1 vhmiobhs ehiln qkujhg il sxomk ~ky ks w` dkjh k uhkbby idquhs$sivh sinmw il fu`lw `f wmh obxem`xsh,Cxsw `lh ~hhj ehfùh" wmh o`d$diwwhh mkg dhw kw wmh n`bf obxe ilwmh hvhliln w` qbkl wmh bky`xw fùwmh hvhlw, Ks mks ehhl wmh oksh s``fwhl wmis yhku" `l wmh linmw iw ~kseb ~iln k nkbh" vhuy o`bg klg bksm$iln ~iwm ukil klg wmh shvhl gkyfùhoksw b``jiln vhuy xlmhkbwmy,M`~hvhu 7= m`xus ehfùh wmh hvhlwwmh ~hkwmhu w``j k wxul fù wmhehwwhu klg `l wmh hvhliln iw ~kswmkljfxbby qhufhow,

Wmh EE[ ~ks uxl ey wmhN`bf Obxes okwhuiln

whkd" klgwmh eku

~ks vhuy jilgby uxl ey Nukmkd`f Wmh Bèswhu Qxebio M`xsh il_mhuilnmkdKs U`ys whkd `f ^hsw Uxlw`l_o`xws ~huh l`w gìln wmh EE[wmis yhku wmhy kssiswhg ~iwm wmhukfh klg ukishg ;51 w`~kugswmhiu sxddhu okdq kw Mkn Gyjhil hsw Y ujsmiuh,Eibbhg ks k quh _mhuilnmkdOkulivkb hvhlw {xiwh k b`w `f wmhqxebio okdh klg m`qhfxbby ~h oklo`lwilxh ~iwm wmh N`bf Obxe ks wmhvhlxh il wmh fxwxuh ks iw ohuwkilbybhlgs iwshbf w` wmh òoksi`l, Kwmù`xnmby hlc`ykebh hvhliln~miom ~hlw vhuy sd``wmby" ksilghhg gig wmh quih~illiln oku"k ehkxwifxb Kudswu`ln _igghbhysm`~l ke`vh,

Nh`ff ,_qkuu`~ ,U`y skys wmh hvhlw is il wmh N`bfObxe gikuy fù D`lgky 55lgCxby 51;?57


25/32

Wmh -@bg) Lh}wNhlhukwi`lI

~ks ukishg il _`xwmhlg `l shk"

~miom wm`sh `bg hl`xnm w` uhokbbwmh ;961s" ~ks wmh ekwwbh `lh `f wmhd`gs klg uòjhus, Hvhuy Fuigkyklg _kwxugky bkunh nklns `f wmhshuivkb wuiehs ~`xbg ghsohlg `l wmhshk fu`lw ilwhlw `l Uòj klg U`bbklg nhlhukb dkymhd, Biviln `l wmhqu`dhlkgh klg q`whlwikbby il wmhwmioj `f wmis quidhivkb ilwhuomklnh"

dy qkuhlws ~huh ghwhudilhg I~ks l`w nìln w` eh sxojhg il"klg wmhuhfùh ks I kqqu`komhg dy;6wm eiuwmgky dy fkwmhu `ffhuhg w`qky fù oku guiviln bhss`ls klg keklnhu w` guivh if I ~`xbg ~kiwwmkw h}wuk yhku xlwib ;>, Wmis ~ks `lwmh xlghuswklgiln wmkw I gig l`w uighk so``whu" ù ~ùsh" k d`wùeijh"

kw ;6, K ghkb ~ks swuxoj, Bxojibydy qhhu nu`xq ~huh eioyobisws"klg gilnmy skibùs" klg wmhuhfùhwmh u`xnm klg wxdebh `f wmh w~`$~mhhbhg d`wù vhmiobh mhbg l` uhkbilwhuhsw,Il wmkw ilwhuvhliln yhku I ~ksilwu`gxohg w` Qmib, _binmwby `bghuwmkl dy iddhgikwh nu`xq klg mh

`~lhg k D`nnih Dilù hswkwh" klg~ks mkqqy w` fhuuy xs w` kbb dklù`f disomihf, Qmib is kl hoohlwuio"klg mh ~ks kbuhkgy sm`~iln sxomsinls, Wmh D`nnih mkg k ;7$f``wh}$wklj khuikb `l wmh uhku ~iwm w~ùhg binmws fù b`~ yiln kiuoukfwkvìgkloh, Mh ~ùh nbksshs" klgsqùwhg ~ùjiln ~ilgsouhhl ~iqhus

w` jhhq wmhd obhku `f ukil, Mh b`vhgwmh h}wukùgilkuy" klg `lh `f misilvhlwi ls n`w mid hchowhg fu`dwmh bòkb d`ghb e`kw o`dqhwiwi`l,

Iw ~ks k ~hbb$oukfwhg Vijiln b`lne`kw" exw ~iwm k dilikwxuh swhkdhlnilh" ~miom wmu`xnm k sxiwkebhshbhowi`l `f biljknhs" gu`vh wmh vhs$shb fù~kug ey k shuihs `f whksq``lskb`ln wmh sigh" sidxbkwiln `kus,_hvhukb hyheu`~s ~huh ukishg" klg

dxom obxojiln il ehkugs hlsxhg`l wmh usw uxl `f wmis whksq``lwhuuù, Xlfùwxlkwhby k oukljeu`jh" klg xlghu fxbb q`~hu `l `lhsigh `lby wmh l`~ xlo`lwu`bbkebhvhsshb omkunhg swukinmw il w` wmhsigh `f MD_ M``g" wmh quigh `f wmhquhsighlw f wmh obxe, Lhiwmhu e`kwsklj exw dxom gkdknh ~ks g`lh

klg Qmib ~ks idq`biwhby ksjhg w`bhkvh, ^h kbb wm`xnmw iw mibkui`xs"~miom I kd sxuh gig biwwbh w` okbdwmh siwxkwi`l,Qmibs `wmhu qkssi`l ~ks uhswùilnd`wùokus" k dhomklio ey kq$quhlwiohsmiq klg wukgh" mh bijhgl`wmiln ehwwhu wmkl gisdklwbilnokus" klg wmhl dklwbiln wmhd knkil,

Mis quigh ~ks" klg swibb is" kl Kbvis_ibvhu Hknbh, Mh e`xnmw w~` Kbvisfu`d kl`wmhu w`wkb hoohlwuio" Gkvh"~m` gu`vh exshs ks k cè" klg uh$exibw U bbs U`yoh ks k mèey, Gkvh`~lhg k hbg swuh~l biehukbby ~iwmkeklg`lhg okus" hvhuy wmiln fu`d;951 Fùgs" il qkub`xs o`lgiwi`l"wmu`xnm Kxswils vkui`xs klg `l xq

w` k vkuihwy `f Ehlwbhys klg U`bbs,Wm`sh ~huh wmh mhkgy gkys ~mhlk Nxillhss e`wwbh bkehb klg k dxgsdhkuhg ~ilgsouhhl ~`xbg wk}d`sw vhmiobhs, Mis ~ifh Hbsehwm"~ks Bkgy s`dhwmiln ù `wmhu"klg {xiwh mkqqy w` ukish shvhukbomibguhl klg n`kws" klg exy vkui`xs~uhojs ks uh{xhswhg, Kly~ky Qmib

qxuomkshg mis okusfù 81" klgquòhhghg

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26/32

w` sqhlg w~` yhkus exibgiln ksmhg il ~miom w` uhswùh Wmh_ibvhu Hknbh, Mh gig iw" wkjilnshvhukb yhkus" klg I uhdhdehuwmh d`dhlw`xs gky kfwhu ;1mklg o`kws `f qkilw wmkw wmh

smhg ~ks uhd`vhg w` uhvhkb kquiswilh vhmiobh ehb`~, I mkswhlw` kgg wmis ~ks ;969" klg iw mksehhl uhexibw knkil siloh,Il ;968 I ~ks ;>" klg wuxh w`mis ~ùg I uhohivhg k o`xush `fguiviln bhss`ls klg wmhl dyfkwmhu qkig 58" fù k ;9?6 UibhyJhswuhb, Wmh oku mkg iws fkxbws `f

o`xush, Iw ~ks ghsinlkwhg k q`swvilwknh wmù`xnmeuhg, Hksy w`~ùj `l klg nuhkw fxl, Iw mkg kquhshbhowù nhkue`}" kl `qhl$iln ~ilgsouhhl" k mxnh b`lne`llhw" kl kbxdilixd e`gy `lksm fukdh" klg ~ks ebkoj, I ~ksswibb kw som``b klg mkg w` shhjqhudissi`l w` qkuj il wmh som` b

bklh" exw wmhy ~huh nuhkw widhs,I shhd w` uhdhdehu wmkw if y`xuhvvhg wmh hlnilh klg wmhls~iwomhg wmh inliwi`l `ff klgwmhl `l" y`x ilgxohg k dinmwyekojuh, I hvhl f`xlg kl `bgnukd`qm`lh mùl ~miom wwhgwmh hlg `f wmh h}mkxsw w` ghhqhlwmh s`xlg, Wmis ~ùjhg fù k

~mibh xlwib wmh s`bghu dhbwhgklg eiws gu`qqhg `vhu wmh u`kg"I kbs` ebh~ xq wmh sibhlohu ~iwm`vhu hlwmxsikswio ebkwwiln-wmhekojuiln), Wmh qhwu`b wkljbhkjhg sbinmwby" klg uxlliln `xw`f qhwu`b ~ks k uhkb wmuhkw, Gkvhokdh w` wmh uhsoxh klg ~hbghgwmh shkd" I g` l`w uhdhdehu

kly mhkbwm klgskfhwy ehilnilv`bvhg+

Ehiln k dhomklio Qmib ~ks knuhkw mhbq ~iwm wmis oku,^h l`~ mkg k sdkbb oiuobh `fvhmiobhs" kl Kxswil >" ~miom~ks uhbxowklw w` sw`q" k U`vhu;5" ~miom mkg k mkeiw `f b`siln

~mhhbs" wmh sqbiw souhhl Dùuis"klg kl DN dignhw" klg `fo`xush Wmh Uibhy, Wmis is ~mhl~h ghoighg w` cìl wmh bòkb okuobxe, I dxsw sky wmkw ~h ~huh~hbo`dhg" klg hlo`xuknhg vhuydxom il wmh binmw `f Wmh Lh}wNhlhukwi`l `f `xu obxe w`gky,K qkuwioxbku fkv`xuiwh ~ks wmh

d`lwmby l`nnil klg lkwwhumhbg kw vkui`xs vhlxhs ku`xlgwmh o`xlwy, I kbs` dhw dy uswuhkb niub fuihlg" ~mhl I f`xlgwmh oku uhkbby mkg kgvklwknhs,I shhd w` uhdhdehu wmh whudqkssi`l ~kn`l ~ks xshg" ~hbb iw~ks wmh 61s" b`ln bivh Uòj klgU`bb+

Q,_, Kfwhu I cìlhg wmh UKF" klgl`dilkbby bhfw m`dh" dy d`wmhughoighg w` obhku `xw wmh nkuknhklg s`bg Wmh Uibhy fù 8, I sk~kl kgvhuwishdhlw bksw ~hhj fù k;9?6 Uibhy Jhswuhb bijh wmh `lhsm`~l quiohg kw ?6111: m`~widhs mkvh omklnhg,

Euikl îbboòjs

Ke`vh s`bg fù `vhu ?1"111,Hg

56


27/32

Lh~s fu`d wmhFEMVOO@LWILXKWI@L VHMIOBH_

Wmhuh kuh k lxdehu `f dkjhs/d`ghbs `f vhmiobhs" wyqiokbbyw~`$shkwhu quh$ ù q`sw$~ku vhmiobhs~iwm ehkxwifxb `~iln bilhs" ~mhuhwmh ghdklg mks h}ohhghg wmh vhuybidiwhg sxqqby `f nhlxilh vhmiobhs,W` dhhw wmis ghdklg" ~mkw is`ffhuhg is s`dhwidhs ghsouiehgks k o`lwilxkwi`l vhmiobh, Wmhshvhmiobhs o`xbg ~hbb eh qu`gxohg w`k minmhu {xkbiwy swklgkug wmkl wmhùinilkb vhmiobh,

Iw is `lh wmiln w` qu`gxoh klh}ohbbhlw b``jiln klg vhuy skbhkebhvhmiobh" ~miom mks k bkunh qu`qù$wi`l `f lh~ o`dq`lhlws qu`gxohgw` kl `bg ghsinl exw iw is kbw`nhwmhuk giffhuhlw dkwwhu nhwwiln iw uhnis$whuhg ~iwm GVBK,Q`ssieby wmh ehsw widh w` swkuwilvhswinkwiln wmh uhniswukwi`lksqhows is quiù w` wmh o`lswuxowi`l/uho`lswuxowi`l swknh,

Wmh GVBK uh{xiuhdhlws il wmiskuhk kuh o`lwkilhg il GVBK bhkhwILF 56" ~iwm wmh ghsouiqwivh klgbhlnwmy wiwbh `f Nxighbilhs `l m`~y`x okl uhniswhu jiw okus klg uhexibwù ukgiokbby kbwhuhg vhmiobhs, Ko`qy okl eh g`~lb`kghg fu`dmwwq3//~~~,gfw,n`v,xj/gvbk/fùds

W` nhw k vhmiobh uhniswhuhg ~iwm`xwk [ qbkwh" iw lhhgs w` w ilw` `lh `fvh giffhuhlw vhmiobh nu`xqs" klgw` mkvh wmh lhohsskuy qkqhu~ùj,Dkly vhmiobh nu`xqs uh{xiuh kl

kbuhkgy uhniswhuhg g`lù vhmiobh,_`dh nu`xqs uh{xiuh wmh vhmiobh w`qkss Ilgivigxkb Vhmiobh Kqqu`vkb-IVK),

If wmh vhmiobh o`lsisws `f nhlxilh

qhui`g o`dq`lhlws kbb `vhu 58yhkus `bg" wmhl qu`vighg wmhsqhoikbisw obxe mks ilsqhowhgwmh vhmiobh" klg okl qu`gxoh klkgh{xkwh gkwiln bhwwhu" wmh vhmiobho`xbg ~hbb fkbb ilw` wmh Uho`l$swuxowhg Obkssio okwhnùy" klg ehissxhg ~iwm kl knh$uhbkwhg lxdehu,If wmh vhmiobh is o`lswuxowhg `f

lh~ o`dq`lhlws" dkgh w` kl `bgghsinl" iw is gifoxbw w` shh m`~ wmhvhmiobh okl dhhw wmh Uho`lswuxowhgObkssio okwhnùy ouiwhuik, Wmh yhku`f dklxfkowxuh ks ghobkuhg il wmhobxes gkwiln bhwwhu is uhoùghg eyGVBK, If k sxesh{xhlw `~lhu lgswmkw wmh yhku `f dklxfkowxuh ksuhoùghg ey GVBK is ilkooxukwh"

klg wmh vhmiobh is il kowxkb fkowk d`ghul uhouhkwi`l" wmis o`xbgokxsh gifoxbwihs xlghu o`lsxdhuqu`whowi`l bhnisbkwi`l fù GVBK,Wmh lkwxuh `f wmh bhnkoy obxegkwiln bhwwhu ~`xbg eh h}kdilhg eyGVBK klg wmh obxe o`xbg ~hbb ehksjhg fù obkuiokwi`l,

îwm o`lwilxkwi`l vhmiobhs wmkw kuhl`w ekshg `l kl kbuhkgy uhniswhuhgg`lù vhmiobh" `lh q`ssieibiwy iswmkw wmh Jiw Exibw vhmiobh okwhnùydinmw eh dùh kqqbiokebh" qu`vighgsxiwkebh uhohiqws kuh qu`vighg klgk ohuwiokwh `f lh~lhss is èwkilhgfu`d wmh dklxfkowxuhu, Wmh vhmiobh~`xbg eh sxechow w` IVK klg o`xbg

q`ssieby èwkil k oxu$uhlw uhniswukwi`llxdehu, Wmh

5>


28/32

qukowiokbiwihs `l ~mkw IVK ~`xbgdhkl w` k qkuwioxbku vhmiobh" kuhehsw gisoxsshg ~iwm y`xu GVBKBòkb @foh -~mibh iw uhdkils`qhl),

îwm`xw wmh oùuhow qkqhu ~ùj" ko`lwilxkwi`l vhmiobh o`xbg ~hbbhlg xq ~iwm k [ qbkwh,

Linhb Mkuuis`l FEMVO

FEMVO quhss uhbhkshHX U@KG^@UWMILH__ WH_W$ILN

^mhl wmh Hxu`qhkl QkubikdhlwMiswùio Vhmiobh Nu`xq -HQMVN)dhw il Dky" _ke`bos _omdigw

wmh mhkg `f wmh HO U`kg _kfhwyXliw" dhlwi`lhg wmkw qu`q`skbs fùuhvisi`ls w` wmh U`kg~ùwmilhssWhswiln Giuhowivh" f`bb`~iln k 51;1o`lsxbwkwi`l" ~huh h}qhowhg il wmhsxddhu, Il Cxby" wmh Hxu`qhklO`ddissi`l qxebismhg wmh ghwkib~miom wxulhg `xw w` eh k qu`q`skbw` uhqbkoh wmh oxuuhlw U`kg~ùwmi$

lhss Whswiln Giuhowivh -5119/71/HO) ~iwm k o`dqbhwhby lh~ Giuho$wivh,

Wmh gukfw `f wmh lh~ Giuhowivhmks idqbiokwi`ls fù kbb d`wùisws"l`w cxsw miswùio vhmiobh `~lhus,Kd`lnsw `wmhu wmilns" wmh gukfwilobxghs uh{xiuhdhlws w` whsw

kbb wukibhus -~miom ilwxul idqbihs kuhniswukwi`l

syswhd) klg uh{xiuhs whsws w` dkjhuhfhuhloh w` k vhmiobhs ùinilkbwhomliokb omkukowhuiswios, Wmhdhkliln `f wmis h}quhssi`l is l`wghlhg, Lkwi`lkb n`vhuldhlws kuhnuklwhg wmh uinmw w` dkjh wmhiu `~l

whswiln kuuklnhdhlws fù vhmiobhs`f miswùio ilwhuhsw, K vhmiobh `fmiswùio ilwhuhsw is wmhl ghlhg ks`lh wmkw ^ks dklxfkowxuhg dùh wmkl ?1yhkus kn` Is dkilwkilhg ey xsh f uhqbkoh$dhlw qkuws ~miom uhqu`gxoh wmhmiswùio o`dq`lhlws `f wmh vhmiobh

Mks l w sxswkilhg kly omklnh ilwmh whomliokb omkukowhuiswios `f iwsdkil o`dq`lhlws sxom ks hlnilh"eukjhs" swhhuiln ù sxsqhlsi`l: klg Mks l w ehhl omklnhg il iwskqqhkukloh,

FEMVO o`lsighus wmis ghliwi`lw` eh xl~ùjkebh klg o`dqbhwhbyxlkoohqwkebh, FEMVO kbs` uhchowswmh sxnnhswi`l wmkw U`kg~ùwmi$lhss Whswiln sm`xbg uhbkwh w` kvhmiobhs whomliokb omkukowhuiswios"~mkwhvhu wmh knh `f wmh vhmiobh,D`giokwi`ls" kbwhukwi`ls klgidqu`vhdhlws kuh kbb qkuw `f wmhmiswùy `f d`wù vhmiobhs klg wmh`bghu wmh vhmiobh" wmh dùh bijhbyiw is wmkw iw ~ibb mkvh ehhl kbwhuhgkw s`dh swknh, Kw quhshlw wmh eksiowhlhw `f k XJ D`W whsw is wmkw iw is`lh `f dhomkliokb wlhss, Wmhuh isl` gkwkeksh `f ùinilkb sqhoiok$wi`ls fù XJ vhmiobhs" s` whswiln w`ùinilkb whomliokb omkukowhuiswiosis sidqby qih$il$wmh$sjy,

Hkubihu wmis d`lwm" wmh Ghqkuwdhlwfù Wuklsqùw ksjhg swkjhm bghusfù o`ddhlw `l wmh qu`q`skbs,

5=


29/32

FEMVO ~ibb eh uhsq`lgilnfùdkbby w` wmis uh{xhsw ~mhlfxuwmhu klkbysis `f wmh ghwkibhgqu`q`skbs mks ehhl o`dqbhwhg,FEMVO ~ibb eh gisoxssiln wmhidqbiokwi ls `f wmh qu`q`skb

~iwm wmh ilwhulkwi`lkb ùnklisk$wi`l" FIVK" klg wmu`xnm wmhd~iwm wmh HQMVN nu`xq ks ~hbbks ~iwm wmh Kbb Qkuwy Qkubikdhl$wkuy Miswùio Vhmiobh Nu`xq ilwmh XJ,

Iw sm`xbg eh uhdhdehuhg wmkw

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_O@X_HU_ C@IL FHUUKUI%Wmh Fhuukui F; whkd uhg wmhiuhlwiuh qiw ouh~ yhswhugky,% Wmiskll`xlohdhlw f`bb`~hg Fhuukui.sghoisi l w` wkjh kgvklwknh`f wmh Euiwism n`vhuldhlw.s.^ùj fù y`xu G`bh. somhdhklg hdqb y s`dh Bivhuqxgbikly`xlnswhus, Wmh ghoisi`l w` miuhwmhd ~ks eu`xnmw ke`xw ey kuhohlw gòxdhlwkuy `l m`~xlhdqb`yhg y`xwms fu`d W`}$whwm ~huh kebh w` uhd`vh k shw`f ~mhhbs il bhss wmkl 6 sho`lgs~iwm`xw qu`qhu h{xiqdhlw"~mhuhks Fhuukui.s h}iswiln ouh~o`xbg `lby g` iw il = sho`lgs~iwm dibbi`ls `f q`xlgs ~ùwm`f minm whom nhku, Iw ~ks wm`xnmww` eh kl h}ohbbhlw" e`bg d`vhey wmh Fhuukui dklknhdhlwwhkd ks d`sw ukohs kuh ~`l klgb`sw il wmh qiws" niviln Fhuukuikl kgvklwknh `vhu hvhuy `wmhuwhkd, M`~hvhu" Fhuukui n`wdùh wmkl wmhy ekunkilhg fù+ Kw

wmh ouh~.s usw qukowioh shssi`l"l`w `lby ~ks wmh so`xsh qiw ouh~kebh w` omklnh kbb f`xu ~mhhbs ilxlghu 6 sho`lgs exw" ~iwmil ;5sho`lgs" wmhy mkg uh$squkyhg"uh$ekgnhg klg s`bg wmh oku w`wmh Dobkuhl whkd fù = okshs `f_whbbk" k ekn `f ~hhg klg s`dhqm`w`s f Bh~is Mkdibw`l.s eiugil wmh sm`~hu

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23 NNCVC Magazine Autumn 2012

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