23 -25 September 2015 - uni-jena.de...1 Preface HostoftheMeeting Friedrich Schiller University Jena...

23 -25 September 2015

Sedimentary Basins Jena 2015

Friedrich Schiller University JenaInstitute of Geosciences

23rd - 25th September 2015

DisclaimerFriedrich Schiller University JenaMeeting "Sedimentary Basin Jena 2015"Contact: [email protected]://www.sedbas2015.uni-jena.de

Title: Arvid KühlText: Annett Habisreuther, Nina KukowskiAbstractlayout: Markus SchifflerLayout: Annett Habisreuther, Markus Schiffler, Arvid Kühl

Contents

1 Preface 5Host of the Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Scientific Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Greetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Aims of the Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 General Information 9Venue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Registration Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9How to reach the congress venue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Conference site plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Preparation of Posters and Talks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Conference Dinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 Programme 13Confirmed Speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4 Sessions and Abstracts 19(1) SBA - Sedimentary basin analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20(2) RFI - Rock-fluid interaction in sedimentary basins - chemical, physical and biological

aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54(3) BGP - Borehole geophysics and rock physics in sedimentary basins . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Author index 75

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4 Contents

Meeting: Friedrich Schiller University, Campus Ernst-Abbe-Platz, 07743 Jena

Dinner: Botanical Garden, Fürstengraben 26, 07743 Jena.

1 Preface

Host of the Meeting

Friedrich Schiller University JenaInstitute of GeosciencesBurgweg 1107749 JenaGermanyPhone: +49 3641 9-48600Fax: +49 3641 9-48602Mail: [email protected]

Scientific Committee

Prof. Dr. Sierd Cloetingh ([email protected])Prof. Dr. Anke Friedrich ([email protected])Dr. Ulrich Harms ([email protected])Dr. Jens Kallmeyer ([email protected])Prof. Dr. Charlotte Krawczyk ([email protected])Prof. Dr. Nina Kukowski ([email protected])Dr. Axel Liebscher ([email protected])Prof. Dr. Ralf Littke ([email protected])Prof. Dr. Ulrich Riller ([email protected])Prof. Dr. Kai Uwe Totsche ([email protected])

Organization

Annett Habisreuther ([email protected])

For general information please write to: [email protected].

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6 1 Preface

7

Dear Participants,

On behalf of the organizing committee, we would like to welcome you to "Sedimentary Basins Jena2015"! After 2013, this is the second time that we organize an international meeting addressingsedimentary basin research in an integrative and interdisciplinary approach. This year, also, the FKPEworkshop on Borehole Geophysics (FKPE = German Research Council for Physics of the Earth) isintegrated in the Sedimentary Basins Jena 2015 conference as a special session.

We are very happy that you came to Jena to participate in this topical meeting. Since 1558, whenFriedrich Schiller University (FSU) was founded, the FSU has made Jena a town of science, educa-tion and hightech industry. Further, Jena is shaped in a unique way by dynamic economic structures,the success of scientific innovation centres, growing and young population, vibrant student life, andan intellectually active cultural scene. The all-round scientific scene with FSU, the Abbe Univer-sity of Applied Sciences as well as a large number of non-university Research Institutions, and theircooperation with industry make the city of Jena the long-standing hightech centre of Thuringia.

Jena is located close to the Thuringian Basin, which is - since more than 5 years now - the "geolab"of the Institute of Geosciences. This "geolab" first was established within the framework of the inter-disciplinary research initiative "Integrated fluid dynamics in sedimentary basins - INFLUINS" fundedby the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. An important focus of the "geolab ThuringianBasin" is the coupled dynamics of near surface and deep fluid systems in the Thuringian Basin as wellas their dissolved, colloidal, and biological components. The actual and future foci of the "geolabThuringian Basin" are scientifically challenging and socially highly relevant topics: these include be-sides a strong emphasis on fundamental science, insights into the scientific and technical requirementsfor the use of near-surface and deep geothermal energy, CCS, safe storage of compressed-air and nat-ural gas as well as reliable water supply under conditions of climate change. Geology, hydrogeology,mineralogy, geophysics, basin analysis, geo-biology, remote sensing, and meteorology cooperate inan innovative strategic way. Through this, the "geolab Thueringian Basin" adds cutting-edge scientificvalue by integrating results and expertise across various fields of geosciences. Much of its researchis grouped around an 1179 m deep research drill hole in the centre of the Thuringian Basin close toThuringia’s historical capital Erfurt.

This multidisciplinarity is reflected in the aims of the meeting "Sedimentary Basins Jena 2015". Ourconference focuses on the interdisciplinary and interconnected research on geo-processes in sedi-mentary basins in a wide field of geosciences. We welcome participants from geophysics, geology,structural geology, mineralogy, hydrogeology, geography, geo-biology, etc. and hope to enhance theinterdisciplinary exchange of multidisciplinary approaches in Research, Modelling and Explorationof sedimentary basins.

Warm thanks to all who have contributed to the meeting with their personal commitment or scientificcontributions.

Enjoy your stay in Jena!

Best regards & Glückauf!

Nina Kukowski and Kai Uwe Totsche

8 1 Preface

Aims of the Meeting

Sedimentary basins are the Earth’s main depositional environments and host the most important re-sources of mineral, hydrocarbons, and fluids. However, both, actual and fossils sedimentary basinsare complex systems. Hence, research on sedimentary basins, especially their evolution, is importantfor future observation, exploration and utilisation of resources. Basin development, their structural,thermal and stratigraphic evolution, is one of the most fundamental steering factors for their today’sappearance. The composition and mechanical behaviour of strata at different scales, in different tec-tonic regimes associated to the subsidence of the basin as well as interactions between fluids, rocksand even microbial organisms affect basin evolution, their resources and energy potential. To ade-quately address these research questions of paramount importance, methodological advance is neces-sary. Large-scale surveys like remote sensing and geophysical imaging methods enable the look onan entire basin and its surroundings. Geophysical measurements enhance the methods of exploration,shed light in the deeper subsurface and help to understand the distribution and composition of geo-logical features. On the other hand, e.g. geo-biology and mineralogy are interested in non-processeswithin sedimentary basins. Whereas most disciplines provide their best results and expertise on acertain scale, their importance on all scales from a single pore to entire basins makes fluids crucial tounderstand sedimentary basin evolution and processes.

ResearchSedimentary basins and their valuable resources are affected by both internal and external factors,e. g., basin structure, fluid circulation, tectonics, and climate. Pre-depositional to post-depositionalmineral-chemical, biochemical, and thermodynamic processes cause compositional and textural vari-ations both in time and space. These are influenced by layer-bound fluid transport as well as fluids infault systems. Most of these factors are caused by, and also affect, fluid interactions between atmo-sphere, aquifer, and lithosphere.

ModellingModelling can lead to a better understanding of the structure and functionality of sedimentary basins.For instance, 2D and 3D structural modelling and geophysical imaging brings insight into their ge-ometry. The basin evolution and former geometry is aided by the additional knowledge of the burialhistory, including fossil mineral-fluid interactions within the sedimentary rocks. Numerical modellingthat base on such geometrical data may generate a better understanding both for present-day andpaleo-capacities of fluid, saline, and colloid transport. Hence, only with the combined considerationof several factors, reliable models for the evolution of fossil and recent basins can be made.

ExplorationThe circulation of fluids within and into sedimentary basins along or cross-cutting sedimentary struc-tures can lead to anomalous thermal gradients, formation of mineral resources, hydrocarbon storage,and the formation of drinkable ground-water. Hence, fluids play a key role as the transport agent fordissolved and non-dissolved substances, such as ions and hydrocarbons. The possibilities to exploreand sustainably exploit so far hidden basin reservoirs is only possible with the availability of suitabletechnologies and survey methods.

2 General Information

Venue

The conference will be held at the former Carl-Zeiss-Jena factory site, the Ernst-Abbe-Platz, whichtoday is the main campus of the Friedrich Schiller University.

Friedrich Schiller UniversityCampus Ernst-Abbe-Platz07743 JenaGermany

Registration Fees

The Early Bird registration rate is applicable until 31 July 2015. Please pay at the latest by this date.Thereafter the late fee applies. The Conference Fee includes: Icebreaker, Conference Dinner andcoffee breaks.

Early Bird Late Fee Conference DinnerRegular participants 145 Euro 185 Euro inclusiveStudents 95 Euro 135 Euro inclusive

How to reach the congress venue

By plane / train:

From the airports Halle / Leipzig, München and Berlin directly by train to the railway station JenaParadies: 800 m (10 minutes) walk to Ernst-Abbe-Platz in central Jena or 4 minutes with tram line 5(jump off at the end station Ernst-Abbe-Platz).

By Foot from Jena Paradies: Cross the Knebelstrasse and continue stright ahead in the street AmVolksbad, cross the tram rail and follow it along Kronengasse, turn left and follow the tram rail underthe vault to the Ernst-Abbe-Platz.

From Erfurt-Weimar airport by tram (line 4) to Erfurt main railway station: Continue with the train tothe railway station Jena West. Walk 800 m (10 minutes) to Ernst-Abbe-Platz in central Jena or takethe bus (3 minutes with line 15 to the end station Teichgraben, turn 180° and follow the tram line for100 m under the vault to Ernst-Abbe-Platz).

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10 2 General Information

From Frankfurt airport by train to the railway station Jena West: Walk 800 m (10 minutes) to Ernst-Abbe-Platz in central Jena or go 3 minutes by bus (line 15 to the end station Teichgraben, turn 180°and follow the tram line for 100 m under the vault to Ernst-Abbe-Platz).

By foot from Jena West: Follow the Westbahnhofstrasse to the left. Turn right at the next crossing -this is the continuation of the Westbahnhofstrasse. Follow the street until it changes it name into theSchillerstrasse, turn left in the 2nd block and follow the tram rail under the vault to Ernst-Abbe-Platz.

By car:

Parking possibilities in downtown Jena: At the crossing Am Anger / Steinweg (800 m east of Ernst-Abbe-Platz), Schlossgasse (600 m NE of Ernst-Abbe-Platz), Eichplatz (200 m east of Ernst-Abbe-Platz; as central as is possible), Holzmarkt (central parking house 200 m east of Ernst-Abbe-Platz),Ernst-Abbe-Strasse (under the Goethe-Galerie adjacent to the congress venue).

Conference site plan

to Ernst-Abbe-Platz / City centre

i

SedBas2015-Lecture room

SedBas2015-Poster / Catering

courtyardConference Desk

Cafeteria

Poster / Catering

Lecture room

i

Further lecturerooms

to Shopping mall

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is available in the conference building. With your registration at the conference office you willget the access information which is valid for the time of the meeting. There are no computers forInternet access available.

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Preparation of Posters and Talks

Specifications for posters:

The poster dimensions may have a maximum size of:Width 1.18 mHeigth 1.46 m

We recommend the following format:DIN-A0 size 841 x 1189 mm (max.)

Posters can be installed on Wednesday evening, September 23rd and will remain for the entire confer-ence. Posters remaining after 2 pm on Friday will be removed by the conference staff.

Specifications for talks:

Time: 20 minutes (15 minutes talk, 5 minutes discussion)We recommend as file format MS Powerpoint or PDF.

Authors should bring their presentations on a removable media (memory stick, CD) and run it fromthe permanently installed presentation PC in the lecture room. The use of personal computers willnot be allowed. All speakers should bring their presentation into the room at the latest during thebreak before the beginning of the session. There will be no installation/uploading during the session.Therefore, we recommend to test your presentation during the break. At the Conference Office anadditional computer similar to the presentation PC will be installed to test your presentation.

Conference Dinner

Within our meeting a Conference Dinner is included. The Dinner will be on Thursday Evening (7 pm)at the greenhouses of the Botanical Garden.

Adress:Botanical GardenFürstengraben 2607743 Jena.

12 2 General Information

3 Programme

Confirmed Speakers

• Prof. Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ, German Research Cen-tre or Geosciences, Germany

– Session SBA-T4 (Thursday, September 24th, 10.20 am - Lecture Room HS 5)

– Title: The deep thermal field in sedimentary basins

• Dr. Paolo Ballato, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ, German Research Centre or Geosciences,Germany

– Session SBA-T10 (Thursday, September 24th, 2.00 pm - Lecture Room HS 5)

– Title: Mio-pliocene orogenic plateau building in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone,Iran: From outward expansion to incision and excavation

• Prof. Mike Lovell, University of Leicester, UK

– Session BGP-T5 (Friday, September 25th, 10.20 am - Lecture Room HS 5)

– Title: Borehole Geoscience in Sedimentary Basins: from qualitative correlation toquantitative characterisation

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14 3 Programme

15

Sessions

Thursday, September 24th

Time ID Title Authors8:50 Opening words

SBA Sedimentary basin analysis09:00 SBA-

T1What causes exhumation of the Molasse Basin? Quanti-tative insights from structural geology, thermochronol-ogy and a new thermal model

Chr. von Hagke et al.(Aachen)

09:20 SBA-T2

Active faults and sedimentary basins in the Eastern TienShan

Chr. Grützner et al.(Cambridge, UK)

09:40 SBA-T3

Testing the influence of heat flow on exhumation esti-mates in sedimentary basins


10:00 20 min. coffee break10:20 SBA-

T4The deep thermal field in sedimentary basins M. Scheck-

Wenderoth et al.(Potsdam)

11:00 SBA-T5

Salt expulsion as a driver for locally increased subsi-dence - reconstruction of peripheral sinks in the Glueck-stadt Graben (Northern Germany)

M. Warsitzka et al.(Jena)

11:20 SBA-T6

Geological & structural model of the Werra potash dis-trict (Germany) - a complex pattern within a differenti-ated sedimentary basin

A. Engler et al.(Freiberg)

11:40 SBA-T7

First Inversion Results of Airborne Full Tensor Mag-netic Gradiometry Measurements in Thuringia

M. Schiffler et al.(Jena)

12:00 Lunch break13:20 SBA-

T8SQUID magnetometers for electromagnetic explo-ration: do B, not dB/dt

R. Stolz et al. (Jena)

13:40 SBA-T9

Reconciling contrasting erosion and uplift rate esti-mates at the Southern African passive margin


14:00 SBA-T10

Mio-pliocene orogenic plateau building in theArabia-Eurasia collision zone, Iran: From outwardexpansion to incision and excavation

P. Ballato et al. (Pots-dam)

14:40 SBA-T11

Inorganic Geochemistry a tool of sedimentary basinanalysis. - Concepts, models, and ideas

U. Jenchen et al.(Nuevo León, Mexico)

15:00 SBA-T12

Kinematics of active deformation in the EasternCordillera of NW Argentina as deduced by 3D mod-eling of relict fluvial terraces in intramontane basins

M. Kirsch et al.(Freiberg)

15:20 SBA-T13

Using geomorphic indices for unravelling Quaternaryto Recent basin formation in the Puna Plateau, NW-Argentina

H. Daxberger et al.(Scarborough, Canada)

15:45 General poster session 90 min. poster sessionincl. coffee / tea

17:15 conference desk closed19:00 conference dinner

16 3 Programme

Friday, September 25th

Time ID Title Authors08:30 Registration opens from 8:30 am

BGP Borehole geophysics and rock physics in sedimentary basins09:00 BGP-

T1Lithology Determination by Cluster Analysis of Bore-hole Geophysical Data: Case Study of the SedimentaryBasin in Thuringia, Germany

P. Methe et al. (Jena)

09:20 BGP-T2

Longterm observation of subsurface temperature indrillholes at the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa, Ger-many

C. Schwarze et al.(Jena)

09:40 BGP-T3

Combining seismic with thermal conductivity data forestimating spatial geothermal reservoir properties

Y. Gu et al.(Darmstadt)

10:00 BGP-T4

Microsystems and Macrosystems attributes integrationin the petrophysical and seismic domain

A. Piasentin (Munich)

10:20 BGP-T5

Borehole Geoscience in Sedimentary Basins: fromqualitative correlation to quantitative characterisa-tion

M. Lovell (Leicester,UK)

11:00 General poster session 60 min. poster sessionincl. coffee / tea

12:00 BGP-T6

Processes in the near wellbore reservoir matrix duringformation water re-injection - measurements and simu-lation

Chr. Bücker et al.(Hamburg)

12:20 BGP-T7

Stress feature interpretation from boreholes in theSnake River Plain (USA) and perspectives of down-hole logging in the International Continental ScientificDrilling Program

S. Pierdominici et al.(Potsdam)

12:40 BGP-T8

Uranium enrichment along fault planes in the Sindrethbasin, NW-India, inferred from in situ GR measure-ments - possible sources and pathways

L. Anetzberger et al.(Erlangen)

13:00 BGP-T9

Visualization of fault pattern in Permo-Mesozoic sedi-ments of the Bad Staffelstein area, N Bavaria

M. Wehrl et al.(Erlangen)

13:20 snacks / coffee / tea

17

Posters

ID Title AuthorsRFI-P1

Fe-Oxide/Hydroxide precipitates "Eisenschwarten" in the Os-ning Sandstone (Teutoburger Wald, Germany)

M. Keiter et al.(Bielefeld)

RFI-P2

Fluorite mineralizations in dolomites of the Zechstein west ofEschwege: microfabrics, petrography and geochemistry

P. Wischhöfer(Göttingen)

RFI-P3

Gaseous fluids monitored during INFLUINS Scientific DeepDrilling into the Thuringian Syncline, Germany

M. Abratis et al. (Jena)

RFI-P4

Stable isotope study of vein mineralization in Mesozoic sedi-ments in the Thuringian Syncline (Germany)

P. Lepetit et al. (Jena)

RFI-P5

Tectonic control on fluid migration in the Southern PermianBasin - microfabric and fluid inclusion studies on aeoliansandstones (Rotliegend) from the Fizzy Field drill site (UK)

F. Duschl et al.(Göttingen)

RFI-P6

Drilling into a Modern Archaean Ocean: the ICDP LakeTowuti Drilling Project

J. Kallmeyer et al.(Potsdam)

RFI-P7

The CO2 pilot site of Ketzin: Evidence of small scale CO2-fluid-rock interaction by optical and geochemical mineralquantifications

S. Bock et al. (Jena)

RFI-P8

Norian Hauptdolomit outcrop analog and numerical mod-elling for early hydrocarbon migration processes: sedimen-tological and diagenetic studies

N. Boonchai et al.(Leoben)

RFI-P9

Rare Earth Element patterns and stable isotopes as tracers forthe evolution of groundwater

G. Büchel et al. (Jena)

RFI-P10

Subsurface microorganisms in pristine Zechstein aquifers andenclosed in salt marine evaporates

A. Beyer et al. (Jena)

RFI-P11

Snowflakes, fossil marks? L. Biermanns(Tübingen)

18 3 Programme

ID Title AuthorsSBA-P1

Strain rate estimates in the Aegean area M. Keiding et al.(Trondheim, Norway)

SBA-P2

Neotectonic faults and paleoseismicity of the Ejina Basin(China) using integrated geological and geophysical data

A. Rudersdorf et al.(Aachen)

SBA-P3

Do regional unconformities in sedimentary basins indicate in-version?

J. Kley (Göttingen)

SBA-P4

Quantifying the thermal and geological history of sedimentarybasins using dispersed thermochronometer ages and a newbasin model

E. Luijendijk et al.(Göttingen)

SBA-P5

Results of a transient electromagnetic survey using a SQUIDbased magnetic field receiver in an area with high-conductiveoverburden - Bad Frankenhausen, Thuringia

R. Rochlitz et al.(Hannover)

SBA-P6

Full tensor magnetic gradiometry inversion of a possible faultrelated small-scale anomaly in the Thuringian syncline, Ger-many

M. Queitsch et al.(Jena)

SBA-P7

Tectonic control on synrift sedimentation of the Pechelbronngroup reservoirs and Bodenheim Formation in the northernUpper Rhine Graben

M. Perner(Heidelberg)

SBA-P8

GO2OGS: A Versatile Workflow to Integrate Complex Geo-logical Information with Fault Data Into Numerical Simula-tion Models

T. Fischer et al.(Leipzig)

SBA-P9

Provenance Analysis of Lower Miocene Sediments in theLower Austrian Molasse Basin

W. Knierzinger(Vienna)

SBA-P10

Climate forcing on Pleistocene detrital flux in sedimentarybasins: what is really important in climate change? Insightinto the Venice record

Ch. Amadori et al.(Pavia, Italy)

SBA-P11

Distribution of Hybrid Event Beds (HEBs within a mixedsiliciclastic-calcareous turbidite sequence: the Bordigheradeep-sea fan (Late Cretaceous, Western Alps, Italy)

P. Mueller et al.(Pavia, Italy)

SBA-P12

Modeling the burial history and hydrocarbon generation of theHaynesville Formation in the East Texas Salt Basin and onSabine Uplift

R. Ondrak et al.(Potsdam)

SBA-P13

Provenance analysis of Upper Triassic siliciclastic sedimentsof the Mecsek and Villány fossil sedimentary basins (SouthernHungary)

E. Pozsgai et al. (Pécs,Hungary)

SBA-P14

Combining numerical modeling with geostatistical analysisfor an improved basin analysis

W. Rühaak et al.(Darmstadt)

SBA-P15

Semi-automatic segmentation of petrographic thin section im-ages using a "seeded-region growing algorithm" with an ap-plication to characterize wheathered subarkose sandstone

P. Asmussen(Hamburg)

SBA-P16

Influences of warm ophiolite overthrusting on the subophi-olitic sedimentary basin - a 1D basin modelling study of theSemail Ophiolite, Jebel Akdhar, northern Oman.

A. Grobe et al.(Aachen)

SBA-P17

Facies and Aquifer Characterization of the Triassic Buntsand-stein in Central Germany

C. Kunkel et al. (Jena)

SBA-P18

Geogenic Geochemical Background Values in the SaaleCatchment, Central Germany

M. Pirrung et al.(Jena)

4 Sessions and Abstracts

1. SBA - Sedimentary basin analysis

2. RFI - Rock-fluid interaction in sedimentary basins - chemical, physical and biological aspects

3. BGP - Borehole geophysics and rock physics in sedimentary basins

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20 4 Sessions and Abstracts

SBA - Sedimentary basin analysis

Conveners: Nina Kukowski (FSU Jena), Charlotte Krawczyk (LIAG Hannover and TU Berlin)and Ronny Stolz (IPHT Jena)

Sedimentary basins are a significant host of a variety of resources, such as hydrocarbons, mineraldeposits, drinking water, or geothermal energy, and are, therefore, an utmost important target. Here,geophysical imaging plays a vital role providing a reliable database for interpretation and process un-derstanding. Many sedimentary basins have a multi-stage deformation history and are characterizedby major fault zones along both their borders but also within them, thus deformation takes place onvarious temporal and spatial scales, including sub-seismic scales.

For this session we welcome studies from all fields of geosciences. Especially, studies focusingon geophysical imaging and on modelling processes taking place within sedimentary basins, suchas fluid flow and deformation, are invited. We especially encourage studies employing multi-methodapproaches to better understand sedimentary basin formation and evolution.

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SBA-T1: What causes exhumation of the Molasse Basin? Quantitative insights fromstructural geology, thermochronology and a new thermal model

Christoph von Hagke*1, Elco Luijendijk2, and David Hindle2

1 RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Structural Geology, Tectonics and Geomechanics, Germany2 Georg August University Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Structural Geology and Geodynamics,Germany

* [email protected]

Due to a wealth of geological and thermochrono-logical data the northern foreland basin of theEuropean Alps is an ideal natural laboratory forunderstanding the dynamics of a collisional oro-gen and its response to climatic changes. Mul-tiple studies show that the entire Molasse basin,i.e. the folded and thrusted Subalpine Molasse, aswell as the flat-lying Plateau Molasse, was sub-ject to large scale erosion during the last 10 Ma.The cause and timing of erosion remains a mat-ter of debate. Exhumation has been explainedas a result of tectonic transport and uplift of thePlateau Molasse over the inclined basement ofthe alpine foreland as the Jura Mountains short-ened, or drainage reorganization and an increasein fluvial erosion during the late Cenozoic. Up-lift and erosion related to the displacement of theMolasse Basin sediments over an inclined base-ment ramp must be confined to the areas adja-cent to the Jura Mountains, and will also corre-late with the strong shortening gradient along the

chain with no uplift due to tectonics at the east-ern culmination and a maximum in the southernand central portions of the chain. In contrast, ex-humation due to drainage pattern evolution is ex-pected to be strongest in the central and easternpart of the basin where the Rhine has capturedthe upper reaches of the Danube drainage basin.We analyze the basin wide exhumation patternusing an unprecedented data compilation of low-temperature thermochronology data and a newthermal model. We compare these results withnew exhumation estimates derived from combin-ing the results of retro-deforming the south andcentral portions of the Jura Mountains with thelatest basement geometry maps from seismic in-terpretations. First results indicate that a signifi-cant portion of the exhumation can be explainedby tectonic transport, but nonetheless, obviousdeficits in transport-related uplift remain. How-ever, locally drainage capture may be an impor-tant contributor to overall exhumation.


SBA-T2: Active faults and sedimentary basins in the Eastern Tien Shan

Christoph Grützner*1, Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov2, Grace Campbell1, Emily Carson3, David Mackenzie3,and Richard Walker3

1 University of Cambridge, Department of Earth Sciences, UK2 Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyz Seismological Institute, Kyrgyz Republic3 University of Oxford, Department of Earth Sciences, UK

* [email protected]

The Tien Shan results from the ongoing collisionof India and Eurasia, hosting E-W elongated in-termontane and intramontane basins. Roughly 10mm/yr of N-S shortening - about a quarter of thetotal convergence rate between the two continents- is accommodated across the Eastern Tien ShanMountains and the Dzhungarian Ala-tau in SEKazakhstan. These two mountain belts are sep-arated by the ≈120 km wide Ili Basin. LongE-W striking thrust faults and conjugate strike-slip faults are evident from the geomorphologyat the basin margins, but active faulting is alsoevident within the basin interior. The aim ofour study is to investigate the distribution of de-formation along a N-S transect across SE Kaza-khstan, including both mountain ranges and theintervening Ili Basin, in order to better understandthe rates of faulting, their role in accommodatingtectonic motions, and their potential for produc-ing earthquakes. Much of our work involved theanalysis of satellite imagery and high-resolution

digital elevation models constructed from stereosatellite imagery and low-altitude photogramme-try. For determining slip rates, we combined mea-surements of the offset of geological markers withQuaternary dating methods. Paleoseismologicaltrenching was used to estimate earthquake recur-rence intervals and magnitudes. We conclude thatactive deformation is distributed throughout theregion. A number of E-W thrust faults and con-jugate strike-slip faults appear to have been ac-tive in the Late Quaternary, but most are likely tohave relatively low slip-rates of < 1 mm/yr. Pa-leoseismology revealed that the faults appear tofail in large (> M7) but rare earthquakes. The dis-tribution of active faults within the interior andmargins of the Ili Basin is likely to result from acombination of range-orthogonal shortening andrange-parallel shearing, with the latter introducedby relative motion between the Tarim Basin andthe Kazakh Platform.

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SBA-T3: Testing the influence of heat flow on exhumation estimates in sedimentarybasins

Christoph von Hagke*1, Elco Luijendijk2, Julia Lindow3, and Charlotte Cederbom4

1 RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Structural Geology, Tectonics and Geomechanics, Germany2 Georg August University Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Structural Geology and Geodynamics,Germany3 University of Bremen, Geodynamics of the Polar Regions, Germany4 Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Department of Land Use Planning and Climate Adaption, Sweden

* [email protected]

Thermochronological age dating of various min-erals is a key tool for constraining the tectonichistory of orogens and their adjacent sedimentarybasins. Converting thermochronological data andderived thermal histories to exhumation rates re-quires knowledge on the Earth’s temperature fieldand its evolution during exhumation. State of theart thermal models are able to account for changesin the thermal field due to tectonic movements orchanges in topography. However, it remains noto-riously difficult to constrain the influence of heatflow variations on isotherm perturbation not re-lated to tectonics, for instance through percolat-ing fluids. We investigate the influence of changesin heat flow not related to tectonics on cooling inforeland basins. We take advantage of exceptionalthermochronology data sets in the Swiss part ofthe North Alpine Foreland Basin, including the

folded and thrusted Subalpine Molasse. Addi-tionally, we present a new high-resolution apatite(U-Th)/He data set from the Rigi area in the Sub-alpine Molasse. We explore the influence of heatflow changes by reproducing the data with a new1D burial and thermal history model. First resultsshow no significant differences in cooling ratesbetween the Plateau and the Subalpine Molasse.The timing of cooling is not constrained by thedata, and can vary from slow exhumation initiat-ing in the late Miocene to fast exhumation in Plio-Pleistocene times. In the Subalpine Molasse, thecooling pattern shows large changes over smallspatial scales. These local anomalies can only beexplained by invoking more kinematic complex-ity in the Subalpine Molasse than previously as-sumed, or by localized heat flow changes.


SBA-T4: The deep thermal field in sedimentary basins

Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth*1, Mauro Cacace1, Yvonne Cherubini2, Björn Kaiser3, Vera Noack4,and Yuriy Maystrenko5

1 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Sektion 4.4 Basin Analysis,Germany2 University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Germany3 DHI-WASY GmbH, Berlin, Germany4 Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Germany5 Geological Survey of Norway, Continental Shelfs, Geophysics, Norway

Understanding the internal heat transfer in sedi-mentary basins requires an assessment of the dif-ferent physical processes that control heat trans-port in the subsurface. This requires to know boththe distribution of physical properties as well asthe physical processes controlling the transport ofheat and migration fluids. To assess which heattransport mechanism is relevant at which spatialscale in and below sedimentary basins we com-pare results from 3D numerical simulations con-sidering lithosphere-scale conductive heat trans-port and basin-fill-scale coupled transport of heatand pore fluids. With the case study of the Cen-tral European Basin System we assess the influ-ence of (1) different configurations of the deeperlithosphere, (2) the mechanism of heat transportconsidered and (3) large faults dissecting the sed-imentary succession on the resulting thermal fieldand groundwater flow. Based on this compar-ison we link the regional and lithosphere-scaleto the sub-basin and basin-fill scale while appro-priately considering the effective heat transportprocesses. We find that conduction as the dom-inant mechanism of heat transport on the scaleof the lithosphere is controlled by the distribu-tion of thermal conductivities, compositional andthickness variations of the conductive and radio-genic crystalline crust and of the insulating sedi-ments and by variations in the depth to the ther-mal lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Vari-ations of these factors cause thermal anomaliesof specific wavelength. Comparing results from3D conductive simulations with those obtainedfrom coupled fluid and heat transport simulations

(Noack et al., 2013; Kaiser et al., 2011; Cheru-bini et al., 2013) we assess the additional im-pact of moving fluids the influence of variationsin aquifer thickness and permeability on the re-gional thermal field.Ranging from the Permian to Cenozoic, the sed-iment fill resolved in the models is character-ized by several aquifer complexes and a layerof mobilized Zechstein salt (Maystrenko andScheck-Wenderoth, 2012; Scheck-Wenderoth andMaystrenko, 2013). The distribution of the saltplays a special role for both the thermal and fluidregime as salt is thermally highly conductive buthydraulically impervious. Therefore, apart fromits role for structural decoupling, the salt acts as athermal chimney but also as a hydraulic barrier inthe sedimentary succession.We find that conduction is the most important heattransport mechanism controlling dominantly heattransport in the crystalline crust and in the deepersedimentary layers, where compaction goes alongwith a reduced permeability. In contrast, the ther-mal field in the upper few km is additionally influ-enced by forced convective heat transfer and re-lated advective cooling. Natural free convectivethermal instabilities evolve only locally (wherethe pressure forces are weak) and are controlledby the thickness and permeability of the respec-tive layers. To assess the different contributions tothe thermal field at depth levels where sedimentsoccur, a multi-scale approach (Scheck-Wenderothet al., 2014) helps to properly assess the activeheat transport processes.

25

ReferencesCherubini, Y et al. (2013 online first): Controls on the deep thermal field - implications from 3D nu-merical simulations for the geothermal research site Groß Schönebeck. Environmental Earth Sciences

Kaiser, B. O. et al. (2011): Characterization of main heat transport processes in the Northeast GermanBasin: Constraints from 3-D numerical models. G3, 12, C07011.

Maystrenko, Y. P.; Bayer, U.; Scheck-Wenderoth, M. (2013): Salt as a 3D element in structuralmodeling - Example from the Central European Basin System. Tectonophysics, 591, 62-82.

Noack, V. et al. (2012): Sensitivity of 3D thermal models to the choice of boundary conditions andthermal properties: a case study for the area of Brandenburg (NE German Basin). EnvironmentalEarth Sciences, 67, 6, 1695-1711.

Scheck-Wenderoth, M.; Maystrenko, Y.P. (2013): Deep control on shallow heat in sedimentary basins,Energy Proceedia, 40, p. 226-275.

Scheck-Wenderoth, M.; Cacace, M.; Maystrenko, Y.; Cherubini, Y.; Noack, V.; Kaiser, B.-O.; Sippel,J.; Lewerenz, B. (2014): Models of heat transport in in the Central European Basin System: effectivemechanisms at different scales. - Marine and Petroleum Geology, 55, p. 315-331.


SBA-T5: Salt expulsion as a driver for locally increased subsidence - reconstruction ofperipheral sinks in the Glueckstadt Graben (Northern Germany)

Michael Warsitzka*1, Jonas Kley2, and Nina Kukowski1

1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany2 Georg August University Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Structural Geology and Geodynamics,Germany

* [email protected]

The formation of salt diapirs and related subsi-dence of neighbouring peripheral sinks can lo-cally overprint regional subsidence patterns dueto expulsion of the salt source layer. Duringthe development of salt diapirs, salt is squeezedfrom regions of higher sediment load (peripheralsinks), which leads to the creation of further ac-commodation space, and flow towards regions oflower sediment load causing uplift and erosion ofthis region.We present a reconstruction of the temporal evo-lution of peripheral sinks in the central part of theGlueckstadt Graben (Northern Germany). In thisgraben, salt walls (consisting of Permian evap-orites) and up to 11 km deep peripheral sinksformed since the beginning of the Triassic. Alonga geological cross-section, post-Permian stratawere sequentially decompacted and restored inorder to reconstruct the subsidence history of pe-

ripheral sinks and to deduce how salt flow af-fected subsidence patterns and subsidence rates.The structural restoration reveals that subsidencedue to salt expulsion was as large as up to 25%of the total subsidence, whereby the salt sourcelayer beneath the peripheral sinks was almostcompletely depleted. Salt movement was espe-cially fast during the beginning of the Late Tri-assic, when regional extension provoked diapirpiercing in the centre of the Glueckstadt Graben.In this phase, subsidence rates could have been ashigh as 4000 m/Myr. Until the Middle Jurassic,regions of active salt flow and, therefore, sub-sidence centres in the peripheral sinks migratedfrom the basin centre towards the graben flanks.This migration was associated with temporarilyincreased subsidence rates in the particularly ac-tive peripheral sinks.

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SBA-T6: Geological & structural model of the Werra potash district (Germany) - acomplex pattern within a differentiated sedimentary basin

Anne Engler*1, Jens Barnasch2, Thomas Seifert1, and Silvio Zeibig2

1 TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Department of Mineralogy, Germany2 K+S Aktiengesellschaft, Geology-Mining, Germany

* [email protected]

The research project aims to establish a 3D modelof the southern Werra potash district. It is situ-ated in Central Germany at the border of Hesseand Thuringia with an extent of ca. 38 km (N-S) and 42 km (W-E). Due to mining activities thearea has been under geological investigation formore than 120 years.The geological model includes 10 Zechstein lay-ers with mining horizons as well as the Trias-sic cap rock (4 layers) and the top of the un-derlying Upper Permian redbed formation. Thusit is tripartite into competent and incompetentrocks. Special attention is drawn to elementsof distractive geotectonics and genetic connec-tion. Published tectonic patterns (Heßmann 1983,Rauche & Franzke 1990, Schirmer & Schwarz1991 etc.) are considered in the model with domi-nating NW-SE and NE-SW oriented structural el-ements. In addition the influence of mainly N-Sstriking Miocene basalt dikes related to the Rhönvolcanic province is important for the mining pro-cess due to its influence on facies, depletion andCO2-impregnation.Several data including outcrops within and closeto the research area, well data from above ground(1737 wells), underground and geological infor-mation of drifts are available. Those are supple-mented by seismic campaigns (385 profiles), GPR

(Ground Penetrating Radar) - profiles (308) andmagnetic surveys (5).After acquisition and adjusting data of vary-ing origin and reliability they are homogenizedand checked for plausibility. Inconsistencies arescanned manually and resolved before and duringthe modelling process. The examination is car-ried out via Surfer®, AutoCAD and Paradigm®SKUA. Using the Workflow Structure & Stratig-raphy of SKUA input data, predominantly con-sisting of well markers, point sets and curves isimported. These have to be assigned to geologicfeatures that were previously defined as horizonsand faults. After having selected horizon datafault data are picked. Therefore fault sticks fromseismic and GPR are digitized where displace-ments are obvious and in addition existing iso-baths maps are taken into account. Fault sticksare divided in the categories certain and uncer-tain. Based on handpicked fault sticks a particularfault and thus the structure is created and edited toreach the most possible precision.The model displays thickness and depth varia-tions throughout the area and thus leads to anal-yses of subsidence and tectonic development. Itwill possibly represent an important tool for thefuture mining activities.

ReferencesHeßmann, W. (1983): Zur strukturellen Formung und Beanspruchung des postvariszischen Gebirgesim Südwesten der DDR. In: Z. geol. Wiss. 11 (8), S. 955-971. (German)Rauche, H.; Franzke, H. J. (1990): Stress field evolution at the northern part of the South GermanBlock on the territory of the GDR. In: Gerlands Beitr. Geophysik 99 (5), S. 441-461.Schirmer, B.; Schwarz, R. (1991): Zum geologisch-tektonischen Bau des Deckgebirges und Subsali-nar im thüringischen Werra-Kaligebiet. In: Geol. Jb. Hessen 119, S. 91-101. (German)


SBA-T7: First Inversion Results of Airborne Full Tensor Magnetic Gradiometry Mea-surements in Thuringia

Markus Schiffler*1, Matthias Queitsch2, Ronny Stolz1, Andreas Goepel2, Alexander Malz3, Hans-Georg Meyer4, and Nina Kukowski2

1 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Magnetometry, Germany2 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany3 Georg August University Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Structural Geology and Geodynamics,Germany4 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Quantum Detection, Germany

* [email protected]

A Full Tensor Magnetic Gradiometry (FTMG)measurement setup, called JeSSY STAR, devel-oped at the Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technol-ogy was used for mapping survey areas within theThuringian Basin and adjacent highlands. The in-strument encompasses highly sensitive gradiome-ters and magnetometer based on SuperconductiveQuantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs). Thisgradiometer setup allows for direct mapping ofthe Earth’s magnetic field gradient tensor and -using enhanced processing algorithms - yields anoise level better than 60 pT/m peak-to-peak un-der airborne operation for each component.

In the framework of INFLUINS (Integrated FluidDynamics in Sedimentary Basins), a multidisci-plinary high performance research project whichaims in generating novel knowledge about themovement of fluids in deep and shallow aquifersand the interaction between fluids and geologicalstructure of the Thuringian Basin, the FTMG sys-tem was deployed to map the gradient tensor infive areas.

The measured gradient tensor components act asdirectional filter of the magnetic field and there-fore unravel information, e.g. the discrimina-tion between induced and remanent magnetismand between adjacent magnetic structures, which

could only rarely deduced from typical total mag-netic intensity (TMI) surveys. One particularmagnetic anomaly near Gotha caused interest inorder to compare the measurements with geolog-ical information. To achieve this, a new voxelbased FTMG modeling and inversion programwas developed. It allows for rapid calculation ofall tensor components from a model of a suscepti-bility or vector magnetization distribution and in-version of the susceptibility or the magnetizationusing all magnetic gradient tensor components.The following novel ideas were implemented:This inversion routine involves a focusing inver-sion using a minimum support stabilizer but alsoallows for combination with smoothing inver-sion. In comparison to commercially availableconjugate gradient based inversion algorithms forFTMG inversion, intrinsic symmetries of the for-ward modeling operators, vectorization in modeldomain and parallelization in data domain allowsfor a fast inversion process. In order to preventusual inversion artefacts, a better adaption to to-pography is performed via interpolation of themeasured altitude to the horizontal voxel mid-point coordinates and a suitable mask.

The novel algorithms will be here applied to ondata acquired within INFLUINS.

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SBA-T8: SQUID magnetometers for electromagnetic exploration: do B, not dB/dt

Ronny Stolz*1, Andreas Chwala1, Raphael Rochlitz2, Matthias Queitsch3, Matthias Meyer4, NinaKukowski3, and Hans-Georg Meyer5

1 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Magnetometry, Germany2 Leibniz Institute of Applied Geophysics Hannover, S2 - Geoelektric and Elektromagnetic, Germany3 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany4 Supracon AG, Jena, Germany5 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Quantum Detection, Germany

* [email protected]

From the first geophysical measurements withSQUID in the early 1970s it took more than 20years until they found some commercial and re-search application. Nowadays, SQUIDs are rou-tinely used for transient electromagnetic explo-ration for mainly one reason: their very highsensitivity (down to 2 fT/

√Hz), which is con-

stant over a broad frequency range. Due to thissensitivity the late time response in TEM is signif-icantly cleaner than for any other sensor currentlyavailable. This enables SQUIDs to detect muchdeeper targets, even under conductive overbur-den. On the other hand, the lower noise allows amuch faster survey as for the same data qualityless stacking is necessary: a 10 times lower whitenoise leads to 100 times less stacks!An important aspect of mapping of electricallyconducting anomalies in context of investigationsof sedimentary basin is that they are much more

likely to be found by measuring B, especially ifa conducting overburden is present as in the caseof a top layer dissolved in water. For very longtime constants (»1 s) the induced voltage, propor-tional to dB/dt, measured by conventional induc-tion coils can be undetectable small - becomingvisible only by a sensitive B field magnetometer.In this paper, we will shortly review the SQUIDtechnology (principles, low temperature vs. hightemperature SQUID, and typical parameters) andcommercially available systems.We will present the advantages of SQUID com-pared to conventional induction coils by case his-tories.Finally, the future impact of SQUID for otherelectromagnetic exploration methods will be dis-cussed.


SBA-T9: Reconciling contrasting erosion and uplift rate estimates at the SouthernAfrican passive margin

Christoph von Hagke*1, Luca Malatesta2, Vamsi Ganti3, and Harald Stollhofen4

1 RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Structural Geology, Tectonics and Geomechanics, Germany2 California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, United States of America3 Imperial College London, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, UK4 Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Geology, Germany

* [email protected]

Controversy exists whether Southern Africa hasbeen uplifted in the Neogene. The Horingbaaialluvial fan in Namibia provides an exceptionalstudy area to contribute to this debate, as ma-rine terraces are preserved on its surface, and ero-sion rate estimates on millennial and million yeartimescales exist for the area. In this study, we usequantitative sedimentology to derive present dayerosion rate estimates. Comparing these resultswith the long-term record shows a general de-crease of erosion rates towards the present, prob-ably witnessing relaxation of the landscape to anearly Cenozoic or Late Cretaceous uplift pulse.This seems in conflict with uplift events during

the Cenozoic, as inferred for instance from ele-vated marine terraces. When corrected not onlyfor sea level change but also for statistical bias in-troduced by averaging over different timescales,marine terraces provide a robust measurement ofuplift rates. Uplift rates at the passive marginwere slightly increasing approximately from 3 Mato 300 ka, and show a significant drop towardsthe present day. This Pliocene uplift does not per-turb the overall trend of declining erosion ratestowards the present. We thus for the first time areable to reconcile competing hypotheses on long-and short-term exhumation of the passive margin.

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SBA-T10: Mio-pliocene orogenic plateau building in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone,Iran: From outward expansion to incision and excavation

Paolo Ballato*1, Ghasem Heidarzadeh1, Francesca Cifelli2, István Dunkl3, Mohammad Ghasemi4,Philipp Balling1, Gerold Zeilinger1, Jamshid Hassanzadeh5, Masafumi Sudo1, Andy Wickert1, Guil-laume Dupont-Nivet1, Massimo Mattei2, and Manfred Strecker1

1 University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Germany2 Università Roma TRE, Dipartimento di Scienze, Italy3 Georg August University Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Sedimentology and EnvironmentalGeology, Germany4 Geological Survey of Iran, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Iran5 California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, United States of America

* [email protected]

Located along plate convergence zones, high oro-genic plateaus form extensive and elevated mor-photectonic provinces that are flanked by highmountain ranges at their margins. The Ira-nian Plateau (IP) is a prominent NW-SE strik-ing (∼1.500 for 140-260 km), elevated (80%> 1.5 km), mostly internally drained (∼55%),arid (mean annual precipitation of 0.1-0.5 m/yr),virtually aseismic and thick (crustal and litho-spheric thickness up to 70 and 260 km, respec-tively) morphotectonic feature of the upper plateof the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone. Althoughthe plateau must be younger than 18-17 Ma(based on uplifted marine deposits of the QomFormation) very little is known about its tectono-stratigraphic history and the mechanisms and tim-ing of vertical and lateral plateau growth. To ad-dress these goals we have designed a multidis-ciplinary strategy in the northern sectors of theIP including the characterization of the synoro-genic deposits (sedimentology, provenance, mag-netostratigraphy and geochronology) and of theexhumation history (Apatite (U-Th)/He) of themajor mountain ranges of the northern IP. Ourdata show that a wedging (to the E-NE) sedi-mentary body started developing from ∼16.5 Maduring the deposition of the Upper Red Forma-

tion. Sediments were sourced from the inte-rior of the plateau suggesting the development oflarge regional drainage systems. At ∼10.7 Maan extensive progradation of conglomerates (> 50km) in the distal sectors of the basin occurred.This event appears to be coeval with the onsetof widespread exhumation along the northern IPsectors, and seems to be associated with develop-ment of several intermontane basins. There, sed-imentation lasted until fluvial incision and basinexcavation started sometime during the last 4 Mawhen the Quezel Ozan, a major river flowing intothe Caspian Sea, was established Overall, our datasuggest that sedimentation took place in a con-tiguous foreland-basin system, most likely trig-gered by thrust stacking and topographic load-ing in the interior of the plateau from MiddleMiocene. Late Miocene widespread rock upliftexcised parts of the foreland, incorporating newbasin sectors into the orogenic plateau and com-partmentalizing the foreland into a contractionalbasin and range topography. This implies that theIP developed during crustal shortening and thick-ening processes and that sometime after 10.7 Mathe northern IP had reached a lateral size andbasin geometries similar to the modern ones.


SBA-T11: Inorganic Geochemistry a tool of sedimentary basin analysis. - Concepts,models, and ideas

Uwe Jenchen*1, Manuel Ángel Maldonado-Leal1, Andrés Ramos-Ledezma1, Pedro Rodríguez-Saavedra1,Sóstenes Méndez-Delgado1, Adalberto Treviño-Cázares1, Vsevolod Yutsis2, Dirk Masuch-Oesterreich3,Ignacio Navarro de León1, Cosme Pola-Símuta1, Héctor de León-Gómez4, and Francisco Medina-Barrera1

1 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León México, Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra, Mexico2 Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnología San Luis Potosí, División de Geociencias Apli-cadas, Mexico3 Consulting geologist, Linares Nuevo León, Mexico4 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León México, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Mexico

* [email protected]

Sandstone analysis in outcrops of actual produc-tion and exploration areas of siliciclastic systems,is becoming of major interest in basin analysis inMexico. Analogues of outcrops to existing pro-duction and exploration areas help to optimize ex-ploration and development.The present study shows the application of clas-sical petrography and inorganic geochemistry(Mayor-, Trace-, and Rare Earth Elements) in thecomparison of following two study areas:1) The Paleogene Chicontepec system is locatedas a play in the Tampico-Misantla Basin beingpart of the petroleum bearing basins in the West-ern Gulf of Mexico. During the Paleocene toEocene turbidity sequences were deposited in theSierra Madre foreland, eroding a paleo channelsystem between the Sierra Madre Oriental in thewest and the Tuxpan Platform in the east, receiv-ing its sediments from the mainly carbonate rocksof the Sierra Madre Oriental.2) The Sierra de Chiapas, situated in the south-eastern Mexican Republic. Surrounding geologi-cal elements are the Chiapas Massif in the south,the Yucatan carbonate platform in the east, andthe Chiapas-Tabasco basin in the north, being alsopart of the petroleum bearing basins in the West-ern Gulf of Mexico. Sediments transported in

turbidity systems were deposited during the Pa-leocene to the Lower Miocene. Miocene depositsare comparable to the oil bearing sandstones ofthe "Salina del Istmo" basin.In relation to the "classical" techniques of sed-imentary petrography, the analysis of inorganicgeochemistry is somewhat hidden in the tools ofsedimentary petrology. The fact is (however) thatthe quality of the "raw" data of sedimentary pet-rography generated by the experience of the re-searcher is already influenced by a first form ofinterpretation. Geochemical analysis, meanwhileallow the generation of raw data with high quan-tity or sample density without significant vari-ations in quality to form a perfect complemen-tary or independent tool of sandstone petrology.Compared to igneous rocks, sediments are notgenerated in a chemical equilibrium of a definedmagma. The composition of siliciclastic rocksis defined by the mineralogical composition, thetype of source rock geotectonic environment, fa-cies, climate and, finally of diagenesis. These pro-cesses overlap each other and difficult the inter-pretation of the geochemical data. However, thecase studies show that a discrimination of theseinfluences is possible.

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SBA-T12: Kinematics of active deformation in the Eastern Cordillera of NW Argentinaas deduced by 3D modeling of relict fluvial terraces in intramontane basins

Moritz Kirsch*1, and Ulrich Riller2

1 TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute for Geology, Germany2 University of Hamburg, Institute for Geology, Germany

* [email protected]

The Puna Plateau and adjacent Eastern Cordillerain the Central Andes are characterized by elon-gate, orogen-parallel intramontane sedimentarybasins, which formed by overall E-W horizon-tal shortening. The oldest basin fill depositsare Late Eocene in age and indicate the onsetof lithospheric thickening in the Central Andes.Basin margins are characterized by reverse faults,many of which accommodate components of left-lateral strike-slip and subordinate normal faulting.The structural history of fault-bounded basins inthe Central Andes is paramount for unravellingthe deformation kinematics during continentalplateau growth in the Andes. Previous structuralanalyses revealed that, besides initial lithosphericthickening, orogen-parallel extension and delam-ination of crust or mantle portions affected theplateau evolution in Late Miocene times. How-ever, it is not well known to what extent these de-formation processes occurred as separate or over-lapping pulses, a critical aspect in understandingcontinental plateau formation. To better under-stand the kinematics of the youngest deformationat the eastern plateau margin, we examined thegeometry of Quaternary marker surfaces in threeintramontane basins of the Eastern Cordillera, i.e.

the Calchaquí, Luracatao and Pucará valleys. Thesedimentary fill of these basins comprises foldedLate Paleogene to Neogene continental clasticdeposits, covered unconformably by Quaternarygravels. The gravels form pediments and fluvialterraces, which are preserved in altitudes of upto 500 m above the present valley floors. Us-ing high-resolution imagery and digital elevationdata available through Google Earth, we collectedgeoreferenced point data sets from the base ofrelict fluvial terrace deposits. Based on geosta-tistical interpolation of this data, we visualizedthe 3-D geometry of the Quaternary unconfor-mity. In two of the valleys, the unconformity iscorrugated in a way that can be explained by itsfolding around first-order, horizontal axes trend-ing N-S and higher-order, NE-trending axes withvariable plunges. Collectively, the structural ob-servations may indicate overall left-lateral trans-pression of the intramontane basins in Quaternarytimes, which agrees with strain axis configura-tions of Neogene and possibly older deformationpulses. If so, horizontal shortening in the EasternCordillera continued to be compensated by ver-tical thickening and orogen-parallel extension inQuaternary times.


SBA-T13: Using geomorphic indices for unravelling Quaternary to Recent basin forma-tion in the Puna Plateau, NW-Argentina

Heidi Daxberger1, and Ulrich Riller*2

1 University of Toronto, Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Canada2 University of Hamburg, Institute for Geology, Germany

* [email protected]

Satellite data-based morphotectonic analyses arepopular methods to identify active crustal defor-mation of large and partly remote regions, suchas the Central Andes. For the southern Cen-tral Andes between 23° to 28°S, we estimatedthe mountain front sinuosity (Smf-) index at 189first-order mountain fronts as well as valley shape(Vf-) ratios and basin symmetry (T-) factors for3366 second-order, tributary drainage basins. Thecorrelation between known fault ages and Smf-indices shows that the indices can be used as aproxy to infer the ages of faults for which ra-diometric ages are unknown. Vf-ratios and Smf-indices point to pronounced Quaternary to Recentsurface deformation on first-order reverse faultsdelimiting mountain fronts. By contrast, analysisof the transverse topographic symmetry (T-) fac-

tor, which has been used to assess rotational com-ponents of drainage basins, points to stochasticvariations of erosion, possibly due to lithologicalheterogeneity, rather than to a tectonic influenceon basin geometry. We also examined 32 mainlyNNE-SSW trending first-order basin margins fortilt of alluvial fan deposits and lateral stream mi-gration. The symmetry of first-order basins in thesouthern Central Andes seems to be strongly con-trolled by Quaternary deformation on bivergentfirst-order reverse or thrust faults. Quaternary de-formation of upper crust in the Puna Plateau is ap-parently more pervasive than previously appreci-ated and has important ramifications for the Neo-gene to recent geodynamic evolution of the south-ern Central Andes.

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SBA-P1: Strain rate estimates in the Aegean area

Marie Keiding1, Eleftheria Papadimitriou*2, and Vassilios Karakostas2

1 Geological Survey of Norway, Continental Shelfs, Geophysics, Norway2 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Geophysics, Greece

* [email protected]

The Aegean Sea and surrounding lands is one ofthe most active regions of the Alpine-Himalayanbelt, with its most regional seismotectonic fea-ture from seismotectonic point of view being theHellenic Arc-Trench System that was recognizedas a subduction zone (Papazachos and Comni-nakis, 1970), with the oceanic plate of easternMediterranean being subducted under the Aegeanmicroplate. Aiming to investigate the spatial vari-ations in strain directions in this region the hori-zontal strain rate field was estimated from a ho-mogenized velocity field, using the Haines andHolt method, which assumes that the lithospherebehaves as a continuum (Holt et al., 2000; Bea-van and Haines, 2001). The estimated strain ratesare on the order of (1-2)e-7/yr in the most de-forming zones. High maximum shear strain ratesare observed along the North Anatolia Fault zone,whereas a signal of high areal expansion is lo-cated around the Gulf of Corinth. The maximumshear strain rates increase again in the vicinity ofthe Kefalonia Transform Fault, but the strain ratesacross the fault zone are not well constrained due

to the lack of GPS data on its western side. Rela-tively high areal and maximum shear strain ratesare also present in western Turkey, along the dis-crete boundary between the Aegean microplateand the Anatolian plate. In order to comparethe strain rates at the surface to the strain ratesat seismogenic depth, seismic strain rates werecalculated from 465 focal mechanisms of earth-quakes with magnitudes of 4.5-7.5 during 1970-2014. For the calculation of strain rates from focalmechanisms, we assume a seismogenic layer be-tween 3-20 km along the Adriatic collision zoneand the Hellenic Arc, and between 3-15 km inall internal zones. Along the Adriatic collisionzone, the strain rate fields show shortening per-pendicular to the plate boundary, at similar rates.We could not estimate surface strain rates alongthe Hellenic Arc due to the absence of GPS data,but the seismic strain rates show low, trench-perpendicular shortening. The strain rate fields inthe Aegean microplate and the Anatolian platesshow consistent extension, and also a clockwiserotation from west to east, as seen along the NAF.

ReferencesBeavan, J. and Haines, J. (2001): Contemporary horizontal velocity and strain rate fields of the Pacific-Australian plate boundary zone through New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res., 106(B1):741-770.Holt, W. E.; Chamot-Rooke, N.; Pichon, X. L.; Haines, A. J.; Shen-Tu, B.; and Ren, J. (2000): Veloc-ity field in Asia inferred from Quaternary fault slip rates and Global Positioning System observations.J. Geophys. Res., 105(B8):19185-19209.Papazachos, B. C. and Comninakis, P. E. (1971): Geophysical and tectonic features of the AegeanArc. J. Geophys. Res., 76, 8517-8533.


SBA-P2: Neotectonic faults and paleoseismicity of the Ejina Basin (China) using inte-grated geological and geophysical data

Andreas Rudersdorf*1, and Klaus Reicherter1

1 RWTH Aachen University, Neotectonics and Geohazards, Germany

* [email protected]

The slowly deforming Ejina Basin in northwest-ern China is situated in the stress field betweenTibetan Plateau and the Gobi Altai in an intra-continental far-field setting. In the wider region,active tectonics concentrates on strike-slip andthrust faults at the north-eastern termination of theTibetan Plateau and in the Gobi Altai ranges. In-strumental and historical seismicity is also con-strained to these active faults.The Ejina Basin was considered part of a sta-ble block until the work of Hartmann (2003) andHartmann et al. (2011) yielded primary evidencefor (neo-)tectonic features at the basin marginsand within the basin such as lineaments of tec-tonic origin. These lineaments are still understud-ied because in the regional sedimentary environ-ment conditions for the preservation of outcrop-ping faults are not favourable.We integrated geological data, remote sensing,and geophysics to identify and characterize faultgeometries and fault activity within the EjinaBasin. We analysed seismites in outcrops, am-

bient noise recordings (HVSR technique), tran-sient electromagnetics (HTS-TEM), and ground-penetrating radar data (GPR). We mapped thebase of Quaternary sediments to reveal faults andto establish a connection to shallow subsurfaceoffsets. We also assessed the fault activity by dat-ing the seismites in the NE basin.The initial basin model lacks sufficient data den-sity to infer faults and fault geometries. We henceconsolidate present literature and groundwater ex-ploration data with own geophysical measure-ments to improve the database and to increasedata point density. The improved model showsconcordance with the initial model in some partsbut also yields evidence for significant differencesin the distal and deepest part of the Ejina Basin.A time-frame of paleoseismicity in the basin isgiven by dating inactivated landforms such as in-verted channels (Hartmann et al. 2011, 2014) andseismites in the NE Ejina Basin (Rudersdorf et al.,accepted) and points to Early- and Mid-Holoceneseismicity.

ReferencesHartmann, K. (2003): Spätpleistozäne und holozäne Morphodynamik im nördlichen Gaxun NurBecken, Innere Mongolei, NW China. Doctoral thesis, Freie Universität Berlin.Hartmann, K. et al. (2011): Neotectonic constraints on the Gaxun Nur inland basin in north-centralChina derived from remote sensing, geomorphology and geophysical analyses. GSL SpecPub 353,221-233.Rudersdorf A.; K. Hartmann; K. Yu; G. Stauch and K. Reicherter (accepted): Seismites as indicatorsfor Holocene seismicity in the northeastern Ejina Basin, Inner Mongolia. GSL SpecPub Seismicity,Fault Rupture & Earthquake Hazards, 2015.

37

SBA-P3: Do regional unconformities in sedimentary basins indicate inversion?

Jonas Kley*1

1 Georg August University Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Structural Geology and Geodynamics,Germany

* [email protected]

The inversion of Mesozoic extensional basins inwestern and central Europe is thought to haveoccurred in several discrete pulses or phases ofLate Cretaceous to Cenozoic age. These phasesare often used to define a tectonic framework forstratigraphic studies while paying little attentionto the specific mechanism inducing uplift and ero-sion. These mechanisms are: (1) Thrusting andfolding producing localized uplift of some km toa few tens of km wavelength. Uplifting areas aretied to structures and interspersed with subsidingbasins. The magnitude of uplift can attain manykm. (2) Folding of the lithosphere is thought toproduce long-wavelength subsidence and uplift.In central Europe, lithospheric folds of 270 kmwavelength and 1.5 km amplitude have been in-terpreted (Bourgeois et al. 2007). (3) Thinningof the mantle lithosphere may lead to uplift onsimilar wavelengths as lithospheric folding. Ina simple isostatic model the lithospheric mantlemust thin by many tens of km to create 1 km ofuplift. However, (4) dynamic topography result-ing from upwelling mantle can also contribute touplift. Only (1) and (2) fit the definition of in-version, i.e. uplifting an extensional basin after achange to a contractional regime.In Europe, thrusting and folding account for

much of the Late Cretaceous uplift which waswidespread but localized and created strong struc-tural relief. By comparison, all later phases aresubdued and appear to uniformly uplift largerareas. Discrete structures associated with themare scarce. They appear more as stratigraphicthan tectonic events. For instance, the PaleoceneLaramide phase coincides with the terminationof chalk deposition and the emergence of largestretches of west-central Europe. These changesoccur indiscriminately across Mesozoic grabensand inversion structures. It is hard to see howthis could have been caused by mechanisms (1)or (2). Nevertheless, the Laramide phase is com-monly considered a tectonic event comprisingregional uplift and inversion (e.g. Doornenbal &Stevenson 2010), and sometimes shown to bethe strongest inversion event (de Jager 2007).When analyzing the tectonic evolution of sedi-mentary basins it is useful to separate inversionevents associated with discrete structures fromunconformity-forming events whose lengthscalesand patterns neither match thrust-related upliftnor lithospheric folding. It is very probable thatat least some of the latter events reflect processesin the upper mantle.

ReferencesBourgeois, O. et al. (2007): Separation of rifting and lithospheric folding signatures in the NW-Alpineforeland. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96, 1003-1031.de Jager, J. (2007): Geological development, in: Wong, T.E., Batjes, D.A.J., de Jager, J. (Eds.), Geol-ogy of the Netherlands. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, pp. 5-26.Doornenbal, H., Stevenson, A. (eds.) (2010): Petroleum Geological Atlas of the Southern PermianBasin Area. EAGE Publications, 352 p.


SBA-P4: Quantifying the thermal and geological history of sedimentary basins usingdispersed thermochronometer ages and a new basin model

Elco Luijendijk*1, Paul Andriessen2, Marlies ter Voorde2, and Ronald van Balen2

1 Georg August University Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Structural Geology and Geodynamics,Germany2 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, The Netherlands

* [email protected]

Low-temperature thermochronometers like (U-Th)/He or fission track analysis are powerfultools for the quantification of the thermal andgeological history of sedimentary basins. How-ever, thermochronology has been somewhat un-derutilised in sedimentary basins because thedifficulty of separating the effects of inheritedand post-depositional thermal histories on ther-mochronometers. Here we present a new open-source 1D basin model that takes into account thedispersion of thermochronological data by com-bining several pre-burial thermal histories withpost-depositional thermal history. We demon-strate how the model can be used to derive in-

formation on the thermal history of basins fromdispersed thermochronometer ages. We apply themodel to quantify exhumation during the late Cre-taceous inversion of the Roer Valley Graben. Adense fission track dataset of in total 39 sampleswas used to constrain the magnitude of exhuma-tion with an accuracy of approximately 250 m.However, new data shows that several boreholescontain samples with anomalously young fission-track ages, including two inverted age-depth pro-files. These data cannot be explained by real-istic burial histories and may point to localisedbut widespread magmatic or hydrothermal heat-ing during the late Cretaceous or Paleocene.

39

SBA-P5: Results of a transient electromagnetic survey using a SQUID based mag-netic field receiver in an area with high-conductive overburden - Bad Frankenhausen,Thuringia

Raphael Rochlitz*1, Matthias Queitsch2, Ronny Stolz3, Andreas Chwala3, Andreas Goepel2, ThomasGünther1, and Nina Kukowski2

1 Leibniz Institute of Applied Geophysics Hannover, S2 - Geoelektric and Elektromagnetic, Germany2 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany3 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Magnetometry, Germany

* [email protected]

The transient electromagnetic (TEM) method isfrequently utilized for mineral exploration as wellas for geothermal, geological or groundwater ap-plications. The success of TEM strongly dependson the electromagnetic noise level. Especiallynear areas close to civilization, artificial elec-tromagnetic noise significantly affects the signalquality.In autumn 2014, we conducted a TEM surveywith two different types of receivers near BadFrankenhausen (Thuringia, Germany). A highly-sensitive, three-component magnetic field re-ceiver based on Superconducting Quantum In-terference Devices, abbreviated to SQUIDs, ofIPHT and Supracon AG and a ferrite-core induc-tion coil made by Crone Geophysics, which mea-sures the time derivative of the magnetic field,were used. With these tests the theoretical ad-vantages of magnetic field receivers vs. inductioncoil receivers (Asten & Duncan, 2012) shouldbe explored. Most importantly in this study, thepenetration depth of magnetic field records is in-dependent of the overburden conductivity.

One aim of this study is to evaluate the suitabilityof both receivers close to areas near civilizationwith technical disturbances. In particular, it wasfocused on receiver noise levels and general dataerrors which directly affect the length of the us-able decay curves and hence penetration depth.Besides, the influence of power supply lines, gaspipes and railways was investigated. Further-more, the recorded data are used to identify thegeology of the survey area.Herein, we present results of this field campaignalso in respect to the investigation of geologicalstructures. The decay curves of the SQUID re-ceiver show in terms of noise up to three timeslonger duration compared to the induction coilwhich leads to greater penetration depths. 1D in-version results of the SQUID data provide infor-mation about the existence of highly-conductivezones within the conductive overburden. In addi-tion, areas affected by subrosion can be identifiedby comparing the inversion results to additionalseismic and high current geoelectric data.

ReferencesAsten, M. W. and Duncan, A. C. (2012): The quantitative advantages of using B-field sensors intime-domain EM measurement for mineral exploration and unexploded ordnance search, Geophysics,77(4), 137-148.


SBA-P6: Full tensor magnetic gradiometry inversion of a possible fault related small-scale anomaly in the Thuringian syncline, Germany

Matthias Queitsch*1, Markus Schiffler2, Andreas Goepel1, Ronny Stolz2, Thomas Günther3, MatthiasMeyer4, Hans-Georg Meyer5, and Nina Kukowski1

1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany2 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Magnetometry, Germany3 Leibniz Institute of Applied Geophysics Hannover, S2 - Geoelektric and Elektromagnetic, Germany4 Supracon AG, Jena, Germany5 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Quantum Detection, Germany

* [email protected]

In the framework of the multidisciplinary projectINFLUINS (INtegrated FLUid Dynamics IN Sed-imentary Basins) several airborne surveys usinga full tensor magnetic gradiometer (FTMG) sys-tem were conducted in and around the Thuringianbasin (central Germany). These sensors are basedon highly sensitive superconducting quantum in-terference devices (SQUIDs) with a planar-typegradiometer setup. One of the main goals was tomap magnetic anomalies along major fault zonesin the Thuringian sedimentary basin. In most sur-vey areas low signal amplitudes were observedcaused by very low magnetization of sub-surfacerocks. Due to the high lateral resolution of a mag-netic gradiometer system and a flight line spacingof only 50 m, however, we were able to detecteven small magnetic lineaments.Especially close to Gotha a NW-SE strikingstrong magnetic anomaly with a length of 1.5km was detected, which cannot be explained by

the structure of the Eichenberg-Gotha-Saalfeld(EGS) fault zone as well as measured rock-physical properties (low susceptibilities). Ad-ditional ground based measurements (electricalresistivity tomography, ERT) were conducted inorder to gain information on the resistivity distri-bution in the area of anomalous magnetization.In this presentation we show the results of the 3Dmagnetization vector inversion of the FTMG dataand the ERT sections. The ERT data reveals thatthe location of the EGS fault zone was mappedcorrectly, even though the investigation area iscovered by quaternary sediments. The location ofthe anomalous magnetization however does notcoincide with the fault location and thus alterna-tive models have been developed based on thegeophysical findings and geological constrains.Future investigations are required to provide a fi-nal selection of one of the developed models.

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SBA-P7: Tectonic control on synrift sedimentation of the Pechelbronn group reservoirsand Bodenheim Formation in the northern Upper Rhine Graben

Melissa Perner*1

1 Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Institute of Geosciences, Germany

* [email protected]

The sandstones of the Upper Eocene to LowerOligocene Pechelbronn Group are the most im-portant petroleum reservoir rocks in the northernUpper Rhine Graben, while the bituminous shalesof the Lower Oligocene Bodenheim Formationrepresent a major source rock unit in this area.The aim of the present study was the analysis ofthe sedimentation process and facies developmentof both stratigraphic units in response to synrifttectonic activity along graben parallel fault zones,using petrographic-mineralogical methods andsequence stratigraphic concepts. Furthermore theimpact of the eastern and western graben shoul-ders as provenance areas for the clastic influx wasexamined.

Cuttings from two wells were analyzed. Onewell represents a horst structure while the other islocated in a nearby graben structure. A third well,drilled later into a transpressional pop up struc-ture close to the first two wells, was subsequentlyanalyzed to refine the results of the study.Sediment petrography and facies was examinedby polarization and cathodoluminescence mi-croscopy and scanning electron microscopy ofthin sections, done from cuttings. Additionalmineralogical analysis by x-ray diffraction wasperformed on selected shale samples. The base-

level cycle concept was used to define relativechanges in sea-level, accommodation space andtectonic subsidence.

The Pechelbronn Group is composed of fluvial-terrestrial and brackish-marine sediments of theLower Pechelbronn Beds, deltaic-marine to openmarine sediments of the Middle PechelbronnBeds and the fluvial-terrestrial to deltaic to openmarine sediments of the Upper Pechelbronn Beds.The Bodenheim Formation consists of homoge-neous, fine-grained fully marine sediments.The study shows, that sediment thickness andsedimentary facies of the Pechelbronn Beds werestrongly influenced by synsedimentary normalpartly growth faulting during the graben for-mation throughout the Upper Eocene to LowerOligocene. Sediment transport was mainly con-trolled by the formation of horst and (half-)grabenstructures parallel to the graben axis. Tectonic ac-tivity stopped at the end of the Pechelbronn Groupand the Bodenheim Formation was regionally de-posited with almost constant thickness. Differentfrom previous models there is evidence for sedi-ment supply from the western but also from theeastern graben shoulder during the deposition ofthe Pechelbronn Group.


SBA-P8: GO2OGS: A Versatile Workflow to Integrate Complex Geological Informationwith Fault Data Into Numerical Simulation Models

Thomas Fischer*1, Marc Walther1, Dmitri Naumov2, Sabine Sattler3, and Olaf Kolditz1

1 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Environmental Informatics, Germany2 Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Germany3 State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources,Germany

* [email protected]

In this work, we present an open-source work-flow to convert geological structural models, cre-ated using the Paradigm™Gocad®software, intoa simulation model that can be used as an inputfor a numerical simulation software. Within theINFLUINS project, investigations of groundwaterflow in the Thuringian syncline were one of theproject’s targets. Therefore, a groundwater flowsimulation was used to check existing hypothe-ses and to gain new insight into the undergroundfluid flow behaviour. For the numerical simula-tion, we used the scientific, platform independent,open source software OpenGeoSys that imple-ments the finite element method to solve the gov-erning equations describing fluid flow in porousmedia. To parameterize the numerical model, aheterogeneous data set was used. The data setoriginates from a 3D geo-structural model includ-ing 12 hydrogeological units and 54 faults, and

was created by geologists using the Gocad soft-ware. Unfortunately, the initial geo-structural Go-cad model was not suitable for the FEM numeri-cal analysis, primarily due to bad element quality.We therefore propose a versatile workflow to con-vert heterogeneous Gocad modeling output datainto the open data file format given by the Visu-alization Toolkit (vtk). The workflow generatesmeshes that satisfy all finite element quality crite-ria required for the groundwater flow simulation,and can produce arbitrary grid resolutions. Wetested our workflow with the 3D geo-structuralmodel of the Unstrut catchment in the Thuringiansyncline and were able to setup and evaluate agroundwater flow simulation successfully againstobservation data of a long-term mean. The work-flow is potentially useful for other groundwaterflow applications using heterogeneous Gocad out-put.

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SBA-P9: Provenance Analysis of Lower Miocene Sediments in the Lower AustrianMolasse Basin

Wolfgang Knierzinger*1

1 University of Vienna, Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, Austria

* [email protected]

In the Early Miocene (Late Ottnangian), a globaldrop of the sea level and the continuous uplift ofthe Alps caused a regression of the Paratethys.During this time interval, the Traisen Formation(TF/formerly Oncophora beds) was depositedin the Lower Austrian Molasse Basin. Theseyellowish-brownish to greyish mica-rich andcarbonate-free sands and silts with clayish in-terlayers were originally named after a brackishwater bivalve ("Oncophora"- now Rzehakia). Thesoutheastern part of the TF partly interfingerswith finer sands of the Dietersdorf Formation(DF). The Pixendorf Group combines the TF andthe DF [coarse sands, conglomerates, blocks] ofthe Upper Ottnangian lithostratigraphic units inLower Austria. West to the Waschberg Zone, adeeper-water environment (so called Oncophorabeds in former literature, herein [informally] re-named to Wildendürnbach Member) with sed-

iment gravity flows (turbidites, muddy/sandyslumps) is inferred from OMV well data. Analy-ses of the TF revealed rather homogenous heavymineral assemblages, dominated by high amountsof garnet (∼65%) and relatively high amounts ofepidote/zoisite (∼10%) and amphiboles (∼10%).Heavy mineral analyses of drill cores from OMV-wells showed similar heavy mineral assemblagesthroughout large parts of northern Lower Austria.A general decrease of epidotes/zoisites and am-phiboles from southwest to northeast was noticed.Consistent heavy mineral assemblages and chem-ical data (EPMA) point towards a primary influ-ence of metamorphic (metapelitic) parent rocksof Austroalpine Crystalline Complexes of the ris-ing Eastern Alps. Additional sediment input fromeroded crystalline rocks east of the BohemianMassif is assumed.


SBA-P10: Climate forcing on Pleistocene detrital flux in sedimentary basins: what isreally important in climate change? Insight into the Venice record

Chiara Amadori*1, Andrea Di Giulio2, Nicoletta Mancin1, and Giovanni Toscani1

1 University of Pavia, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Italy2 University of Pavia, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Turbidites Research Group, Italy

* [email protected]

According to recent papers, the strong influenceof climate on erosion processes and detrital fluxto marine basins during Pleistocene is well estab-lished. Nevertheless there are many open ques-tions about which among the global cooling trend,cycles frequency or amplitude was the domi-nant climatic change promoting erosion, and howmuch the change of erosion process (e.g. fromfluvial to glacial) contributed to this trend. So,which component of climate change does reallyexplain the observed change in detrital flux dur-ing Pleistocene? To address this issue, the sed-iment flux delivered from eastern Southern Alpsin the Venetian basin was quantified on Venice_1and Venice_1bis wells, which combined providean uncommon continuous high-resolution 950-meter-deep drill cored sediments, representing acontinuous record of detrital flux in the Veniceregion during Pleistocene. A high-resolutionage model of the resulting composite sectionwas reconstructed using integrated magneto-bio-cyclostratigraphy of lithofacies and published pa-lynofloral analysis. Revising the previous agemodels with the ATNTS2004, finely calibratedstratigraphic intervals were defined to perform abackstripping procedure and 1D geohistory anal-

ysis, providing the decompacted depositional ratecurve. That high-resolution curve was then com-pared with the standard δ 18O curve, used as aproxy for global scale climate changes. The re-sults highlight that when detrital flux is com-pared with Interglacial/Glacial climate cycles pa-rameters, a strong correlation is obtained withthe time difference between consecutive peaks ofδ 18O during the I-G climate cycles, i.e. withthe time between an Interglacial δ 18O peak andthe following Glacial one. High valuable resultscome also from the correlation with the δ 18O am-plitude during these I-G cycles. Thus, ampli-tude and duration of warm/cold cycles are whatmostly influenced the detrital flux to Venice dur-ing Pleistocene; we argue that this is becausewarm-humid/dry-cold cycles play the first role inweathering/erosion processes. Additionally dur-ing the Middle Pleistocene, in the Venice record,it does not come up a significant increase of de-trital flux in response of the supposed beginningof major Alpine glaciation (around 0.9 Ma ac-cording to Muttoni et al 2003), and the relatedchange of dominant erosion process from fluvialto glacial.

ReferencesLisiecki, L. E., Raymo, M. E. (2005): A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthicd18O records: Paleoceanography, 20(1003).Massari F., Rio D., Serandrei Barbero R., Asioli A., Caprano L., Fornaciari E., Vergerio P.P. (2004):The environment of Venice area in the past two million years: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 202, 273-308.Muttoni G., Carcano C., Ghielmi M., Piccin A., Pini R., Rogledi S., Sciunnach D. (2003): Onset ofmajor Pleistocene glaciation in the Alps: Geology, 31(11), 989-992.

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SBA-P11: Distribution of Hybrid Event Beds (HEBs within a mixed siliciclastic-calcareousturbidite sequence: the Bordighera deep-sea fan (Late Cretaceous, Western Alps, Italy)

Pierre Mueller*1, Andrea Di Giulio1, and Marco Patacci2

1 University of Pavia, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Turbidites Research Group, Italy2 University of Leeds, School of Earth and Environment, Turbidites Research Group, UK

* [email protected]

Hybrid Event Beds (HEBs) are interpreted as be-ing the resulting deposits of co-genetic sedimen-tary density flows, representing currents in whichturbulence was partially suppressed towards itsrear, implying these flows as being relativelymore cohesive than the flow head. Hybrid flowscan be explained as the result of flow bulkingthrough erosion of muddy substrate enriching theflow with clay, thereby providing the potentialfor turbulence suppression (cf. Haughton et al.,2009). Their impact on reservoir heterogeneityhas been emphasized promoting many studies ontheir origin and distribution (see Fonnesu et al.,2015 for an up-to-date review). In this study, thecoherence between the entrainment of cohesivecalcareous mud-substrate into clastic sedimentarygravity flows is being investigated in the frame-work of a mixed siliciclastic-calcareous deep-seasequence.The Campanian-Maastrichtian Bordighera Sand-stone is portion of the Western Ligurian Fly-sch Units of the Ligurian Alps. Being partof the San Remo Unit the sand-rich siliciclas-tic deep-marine succession reaches a thicknessof up to 220 m, having been deposited in abroadly confined, elongated trench basin belowCCD (e.g. Di Giulio, 1992). The sedimentary

succession is characterized by a complex inter-play between siliciclastic sedimentation and car-bonate turbidites (Helminthoid Flysch facies), re-sulting in a remarkable development of HEBswith distinct characteristic of depositional inter-vals. These characteristics, roughly in accordancewith general models of HEB attributes, neverthe-less diverge from common HEB models for sand-rich and mud-rich systems. The most prominentdistinctiveness of hybrid-type beds of this casestudy is defined by the presence of dm- to m-scalemicritic rip-up clasts and rafts showing variabledegrees of distortion, implying a reasonably highdegree of cohesion of carbonate mud soon afterdeposition.High-resolution down-current (distances of c.12,5 km) and lateral outcrop correlations (dis-tances of c. 400m) indicate a continuously in-crease of HEB abundance in the medial part ofthe fan (3 - 25%), whereas a marked increase inabundance can be noted towards the distal partsof the fan where HEBs make up a large portionof the overall succession (�50%). Quantitativeinvestigation of the stratigraphic distribution ofHEBs shows a distinct interrelationship betweenthe occurrence and intercalations of calcareousturbidites.

ReferencesDi Giulio, A. (1992): The evolution of the Western Ligurian Flysch Units and the role of mud di-apirism in ancient accretionary prisms (Maritime Alps, Northwestern Italy). Geol. Rundschau 81,655-668.Fonnesu, M., Haughton P., Felletti, F. and McCaffrey, W. (2014): Short length-scale variability ofhybrid event beds and its applied significance, Mar. & Petr. Geol. 67, 583-603.Haughton, P., Davis, C., McCaffrey, W. and Barker, S. (2009): Hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits- Classification, origin and significance. Mar. & Petr. Geol. 26, 1900-1918.


SBA-P12: Modeling the burial history and hydrocarbon generation of the HaynesvilleFormation in the East Texas Salt Basin and on Sabine Uplift

Robert Ondrak*1, and Ursula Hammes2

1 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 4.3 OrganicGeochemistry, Germany2 The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology, United States of America

* [email protected]

The study area located in East Texas, NorthwestLouisiana and southern Arkansas has been andstill is a region of extensive hydrocarbon explo-ration. A rift-margin basin developed in the LateTriassic to Middle Jurassic related to the openingof the Gulf of Mexico. Subsequent cooling of thecrust resulted in gradual subsidence and deposi-tion of more than 5 km Mesozoic and Cenozoicsediments. Structural styles within the area aremostly characterized by rift margin basin struc-tures and salt tectonics such as widely spacednormal faults with small displacement and a vari-ety of structures related to salt diapirism.The geological model is constructed from strati-graphic well-log picks obtained from the IHSdata base that covered several thousand oil andgas exploration wells. Additional information isobtained from published profiles, maps and publi-cations. Digitized isolines of the top of salt modelfrom the East Texas Basin salt tectonic atlas pro-vided essential assistance for the construction ofthe base of the model. The picks of 12 formationtops were used for the construction of the geo-logical model with PETREL®. The formationtops were interpolated, automatically correctedfor intersections and locally corrected manually.Patchy distribution of well picks, salt tectonics

and not well documented tectonic displacementimpeded horizon interpolation and model con-struction. The resulting geological model com-prising the NE Texas Salt Basin, Sabine Upliftand small parts of the NW Louisiana Salt Basinprovides the base to construct a basin model withPETROMOD®. The model incorporates faciesdependent lithology variations to account forlithology dependent variations of thermal con-ductivities. Erosion events are reconstructed inparticular in and around the Sabine Uplift. Ef-fort is taken to incorporate salt migration andthe resulting formation of diapirs in the. A sim-ple rifting-derived heat-flow boundary conditionwas defined assuming a heat flow peak of 150mW/m2 at 190 Ma declining to a present day heatflow of 67 mW/m2. Model calibration with mea-sured vitrinite reflectance data from the top ofSabine Uplift is good. The modeled burial andmaturation distribution shows overmature, deeplyburied parts of the Haynesville in the East TexasSalt Basin while the Haynesville on and aroundSabine Uplift is mainly in the dry gas window.This also puts the most favorable areas for shale-gas potential to be located on and around the areaof the Sabine Uplift.

47

SBA-P13: Provenance analysis of Upper Triassic siliciclastic sediments of the Mecsekand Villány fossil sedimentary basins (Southern Hungary)

Emília Pozsgai*1, Sándor Józsa2, István Dunkl3, and Hilmar von Eynatten3

1 University of Pécs, Doctoral School of Earth Sciences, Department of Geology and Meteorology, Hungary2 Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Petrology and Geochemistry, Hungary3 Georg August University Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Sedimentology and EnvironmentalGeology, Germany

* [email protected]

The Mecsek and Villány megatectonic units oc-cupy the SW Pannonian basin, although they werederived from the southern margin of the MesozoicEuropean plate (Géczy, 1973). We studied sedi-mentary petrography, heavy minerals and detritalzircon U-Pb ages of the Upper Triassic, addition-ally the Lower Jurassic clastic sediments.The arenites of the Upper Triassic KarolinavölgySandstone (Mecsek) were derived from acidic, insmaller quantities ultramafic, low- and medium-grade metamorphic and sedimentary sources.Comparison to the wackes of the Upper TriassicMészhegy Sandstone (Villány) reveals medium-grade metamorphic, less felsic, ultramafic, andrecycled sedimentary components. The arenitesof Lower Jurassic Somssichhegy Limestone (Vil-lány) show quite similar mineralogical composi-tion as the latter.The single-grain zircon U-Pb geochronology re-veals Variscan (ca. 320 Ma), Caledonian (ca. 450Ma) and Cadomian age components (between 600and 500 Ma). We therefore assume two metamor-phic (Caledonian and Cadomian) and one mag-matic (Variscan) source area. The two study areasdiffer mostly in the presence of the Caledonianage component that is very characteristic in Vil-lány and occurs only in traces in Mecsek.From the Late Ladinian onwards, Neotethys rift-

ing disturbed carbonate sedimentation in thesesedimentary basins, which turned to mainly sili-ciclastic deposition. This had a great impact onthe development of continuous sedimentation inMecsek, while sedimentary hiatuses occur in Vil-lány henceforth (Haas and Péró, 2004).Our results confirm that the tectonic fragmenta-tion is detectable not only in facies shifts butin highly differing sediment petrography as well.We assume that the clastic sedimentation in theVillány realm was only a short episode probablyrelated to the Carnian Pluvial Event (Simms andRuffel, 1995; Vörös, 2009), and the source areadid not change significantly from the Upper Trias-sic to the Lower Jurassic, although the proportionof Variscan components increased. In contrast,different parts of Karolinavölgy Sandstone showdecreasing igneous and increasing metamorphiccomponents, indicating changes of source area.Our new data allow for derivation from adja-cent metamorphic (Baksa and Babócsa Complex),felsic igneous basement (Mórágy Complex), ul-tramafic bodies and recycling from sedimentarysequences. However, similarities with the ig-neous and metamorphic complexes of the Slavo-nian Mountains and the Bohemian Massif exist aswell.

ReferencesGéczy, B. (1973): The origin of the Jurassic faunal provinces and the Mediterranean plate tectonics,Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest, Eötvös Nom. Sect. Geol., 16, 99-114.Haas, J. and Cs., Péró (2004): Mesozoic evolution of the Tisza Mega-unit, Int. J. of Earth Sci., 93,297-313.Simms, M. J. and A. H., Ruffell (1990): Climatic and biotic change in the late Triassic, J. Geol. Soc.


(Lond.), 147, 321-327.Vörös, A. (2009): Tectonically-controlled Late Triassic and Jurassic sedimentary cycles on a peri-Tethyan ridge (Villány, southern Hungary), Central European Geology, 52(2), 125-151.

49

SBA-P14: Combining numerical modeling with geostatistical analysis for an improvedbasin analysis

Wolfram Rühaak*1, Kristian Bär2, and Ingo Sass2

1 Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt Graduate School of Excellence, Energy Science and Engineering,Germany2 Technical University Darmstadt, Department of Geothermal Science and Technology, Germany

* [email protected]

Subsurface temperature is one of the key param-eters in the analysis of a sedimentary basin, forinstance with respect to geothermal or oil andgas exploration. The estimation of the reservoirtemperature is of high importance and usuallydone either by interpolation of temperature dataor numerical modeling. However, temperaturemeasurements of depths larger than a few hun-dred meters are generally very sparse. A pureinterpolation of such sparse data always involvesbig uncertainties and usually neglects knowledgeof the reservoir geometry or reservoir properties.

Kriging with trend does allow including sec-ondary data to improve the interpolation of theprimary one. Using this approach temperaturemeasurements of depths larger than 1,000 m ofthe federal state of Hesse/Germany have beeninterpolated in 3D. A conductive numerical 3Dtemperature model was used as secondary infor-mation. This way the interpolation result reflectsalso the geological structure. As a result the qual-ity of the estimation improves considerably.


SBA-P15: Semi-automatic segmentation of petrographic thin section images using a"seeded-region growing algorithm" with an application to characterize wheatheredsubarkose sandstone

Pascal Asmussen*1

1 University of Hamburg, Institute for Geology, Germany

* [email protected]

Accurate imaging of minerals in petrographicthin sections using (semi)-automatic image seg-mentation techniques remains a challenging taskchiefly due to the optical similarity of adja-cent grains or grain aggregates rendering defini-tion of grain boundaries difficult. We present anew semi-automatic image segmentation work-flow for the quantitative analysis of microscopicgrain fabrics. The workflow uses an automatedseeded region growing algorithm, which is basedon variance analysis of five or more RGB im-ages. The workflow is implemented in the open-source Geographic Information System (GIS)software SAGA (System for Automated Geosci-entific Analyses). SAGA provides all requiredtools for image analysis and geographic referenc-ing. It also features a graphical user interfacethat allows the user to simultaneously display andlink multiple images and, thus, facilitates manualpost-processing of the images. SAGA’s capabil-

ities for vector data analysis offer instant calcu-lation and visualization of the compiled geomet-ric database within a GIS environment. Specifi-cally, grain contacts are automatically identifiedby lines of intersection and manually classifiedby contact type to characterize the mineral fab-ric of petrographic thin sections. To demonstratethe effectiveness of the workflow, 39 transmit-ted light images of 13 weathered sandstone sam-ples of the Buntsandstein Formation in northwest-ern Germany were analyzed. Based on the seg-mentation results obtained from the samples, anumber of parameters, including modal compo-sition, geometry of grain contacts, porosity, andgrain size distribution were determined and statis-tically evaluated. The results of the image analy-sis are utilized to assess the weathering suscepti-bility of the sandstone samples and point to theimportance of cementation determining the geo-technical properties of a given sandstone sample.

51

SBA-P16: Influences of warm ophiolite overthrusting on the subophiolitic sedimentarybasin - a 1D basin modelling study of the Semail Ophiolite, Jebel Akdhar, northernOman.

Arne Grobe*1, Ralf Littke2, and Janos L. Urai1

1 RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Structural Geology, Tectonics and Geomechanics, Germany2 RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Germany

* [email protected]

Oman’s Semail Ophiolite, as largest ophiolite onearth, fascinated geologists for more than hundredyears. It spans over 350 km in a NW-SE orien-tation and is dominating the northern landscapeof Oman. After overthrusting of this oceaniccrust onto the passive continental margin of Ara-bia, updoming of the area during Alpine orogenyexposed the margin sediments which are noweasily accessible at the surface. These sedimen-tary rocks offer unique possibilities to analyze thetemperature and pressure evolution of sedimen-tary basins influenced by large scale overthrusts.

Initial subsea obduction of the Eurasian Plateonto the Arabian one was initiated by the openingof the South Atlantic some 400-500 kilometersnortheast of the present day coastline (Béchennecet al., 1988; Cooper et al., 2014; Loosveld et al.,1996). Gnos and Peters (1993) pinned this eventto 93.5-98 Ma and the associated temperature to510 +/- 25 °C by the use of zircon and hornblendedating. They also interpreted the temperature be-tween 90 and 85 Ma to be in the range of 350 +/-50 °C (white mica dating). At the emplacementof the ophiolite on top of the Neo-Tethyan passive

continental margin of Arabia (78 Ma, Hacker andMosenfelder, 1996) a temperature of up to 220 °Cis expected at its base (calculated after results ofSaddiqi et al., 2006). This idea is supported bythe fact that the sediments of the nappes directlybelow the ophiolite are unmetamorphosed in theJebel Akhdar region (Searle, 1985).After analysis of different paleo-thermometers,namely solid bitumen reflectance and Ramanspectroscopy we can confirm maximum tempera-tures within the topmost margin sediments to bein the order of 200-225 °C. With this data a 1Dbasin model of the Wadi Nakhr area (southernflank of the Oman Mountains) was establishedand calibrated. Based on this we simulate large-scale, warm overthrusting using the PetroMod2014 software package. Assignment of raisedtemperatures to the ophiolitic layers was realizedby 1) increased sediment water interface tempera-tures (SWIT), 2) the use of the intrusion tool, and3) by adding artificial radiogenic heat production.Uncertainties and limits of the numerical modelsare discussed.

ReferencesBéchennec, F., Metour, J. L. E., Rabu, D., Villey, M., Beurrier, M. (1988): The Hawasina Basin: Afragment of a starved passive continental margin, thrust over the Arabian Platform during abductionof the Sumail Nappe. Tectonophysics 151, 323-343.Cooper, D. J. W., Ali, M. Y., Searle, M. P. (2014): Structure of the northern Oman Mountains fromthe Semail Ophiolite to the Foreland Basin. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 392,129-153.Gnos, E., Peters, T. (1993): K-Ar ages of the metamorphic sole of the Semail Ophiolite: implicationsfor ophiolite cooling history. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 113, 325-332.


SBA-P17: Facies and Aquifer Characterization of the Triassic Buntsandstein in CentralGermany

Cindy Kunkel*1, Michaela Aehnelt1, Thomas Voigt1, Dieter Pudlo1, and Reinhard Gaupp1

1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany

* [email protected]

This study was sponsored by the BMBF-projectsCOMICOR (Fault-related CO2-fluid migrationand its impact on wall rock alteration and the in-tegrity of CO2 reservoir rocks) and INFLUINS(Integrated Fluid Dynamics in SedimentaryBasins). To understand the influence of primarycomposition and the structure of sediments tofluid-flow pathways in the subsurface, the faciesof the Triassic Lower and Middle Buntsandsteinaquifer units in central Germany is studied.The depositional environment is characterized bya playa to lake setting with some aeolian phases inthe Lower and fluvial, sandflat, and lacustrine toaeolian deposits in the Middle Buntsandstein. Fora better understanding of present fluid-flow pat-terns it is necessary to take the sedimentary struc-tures, their distribution and architectural varia-tions into account.Hence, the Lithofacies Types and Facies Asso-ciations in outcrops and wells were statisticallycharacterized. Special emphasis lay on the thick-ness, depth and width ratios of architectural ele-ments as well as of inclination and orientation ofbounding surfaces. Spatial maps of palaeocurrentdirections and of preferential fluid pathways con-trolled by sedimentary structures, lithology andsediment body architecture in syncline wide and

regional scales were included.The gained data indicates an overall northward di-rected transport reflecting sediment supply fromthe Bohemian massif into the North GermanBasin. But, palaeocurrent directions and fluidpathway properties can vary notably in regionalscale over short vertical and horizontal distancesresulting from shifts in lithology (mud- vs. sand-stone), changes in channel morphology (e.g. lowvs. higher sinuosity) as well as environmentalchanges (e.g. river channels vs. floodplain).With the exception of aeolian deposits show espe-cially Facies Associations with poor petrophysi-cal properties a wide lateral distribution. Thisindicates that potential barriers, while thin, showa wider lateral continuity as potential aquifers.Based on these results four Facies Associationswere defined. These were structured and visual-ized by 3D-small scale generic models with theGOCAD-software and serve as foundation forfluid-pathway modelling. Results show that sed-imentary structures influence the fluid-flow onlywith very high permeability differences, e.g. inmud-sand layers. With only minor permeabilitydifferences the fluid-flow deviates hardly, but getsslowed down.

53

SBA-P18: Geogenic Geochemical Background Values in the Saale Catchment, CentralGermany

Michael Pirrung*1, Dirk Merten1, Stefan Möller2, Jürgen W. Einax2, and Georg Büchel1

1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany2 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Germany

* [email protected]

Geogenic background values of chemical ele-ments are important for the identification of an-thropogenic contaminations, for the evaluation ofcontaminated soils, and for the reconstruction oftransport pathways in actual or fossil sedimentarybasins. In this study literature data and actualstudies of element contents in natural rocks wereretrieved in order to calculate background valuesfor the Saale catchment. The Thuringian Basinforms a major part of the catchment, together withthe surrounding Paleozoic areas of the ThuringianForest, Thuringian-Vogtland Slate Mountains,Münchberg Gneiss Massif, Harz, Western OreMountains, and the Meso- to Cenozoic Subhercy-nian, Weiße Elster and Bitterfeld basins, as wellas isolated Rotliegend molasse basins and vol-canic complexes. The variability of rocks ranges

from (High Pressure High Temperature) eclogiticgneisses to soft sediments, from picrites to rhy-olites, from Neoproterozoic to recent sediments,ores and coals. Thus, this area may be consideredas representative for the central European crust.From more than 4000 individual datasets ele-ment contents are available. Mean geogenicbackground values, means for ores and causto-bioliths can be calculated. Rare Earth Elementsignatures of Triassic sediments can be comparedto potential source rock patterns to test transportpathways based on petrological evidence. Theanthropogenic influence on recent river sedimentscan be evaluated by regional means for the catch-ments of upper, middle and lower Saale.


RFI - Rock-fluid interaction in sedimentary basins - chemical,physical and biological aspects

Convener: Anke Friedrich (LMU München) and Michael Warsitzka (FSU Jena)

Fluids in sedimentary basins originate from various sources and migrate through many different pathson any scale. On their way, fluids modify the surrounding rock matrix by chemical processes (e.g.mineralization, formation of gas hydrate), physical processes (pore pressure increase, hydraulic frac-turing), or microbiological processes. Conversely, physical or chemical changes of the rock matrixinfluence fluid composition, fluid flow and fluid pressure. These interactions between rock and flu-ids are of great scientific and economic interest, because they influence other geological processes,such as formation of ore deposits or diagenesis. The rock-fluid interaction also influences the qual-ity of hydrocarbons reservoirs, CO2-storage sites, or geothermal power plants. In this session, weseek observational, modeling, or applied contributions studying the effects of fluid flow in sedimen-tary basins. We aim to bring together scientists of various disciplines for an open discussion aboutfluid-rock-interaction and its different scales, settings and processes.

55

RFI-P1: Fe-Oxide/Hydroxide precipitates "Eisenschwarten" in the Osning Sandstone(Teutoburger Wald, Germany)

Mark Keiter*1, Jasper Berndt2, and Peter Schmid-Beurmann2

1 Museum of Natural Sciences Bielefeld, Geology, Germany2 Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Institute of Mineralogy, Germany

* [email protected]

Authigenic ferricretes ("Eisenschwarten") fromthe Lower Cretaceous Osning Sandstone havebeen mined for short periods of time as a minorFe source in the 19th century. Their chemistryand time of formation in regards to diagenesisand tectonic activity was studied in the centralpart of the Teutoburger Wald (14 outcrops andformer mining sites between Borgholzhausen andOerlinghausen) and for comparison in the westernpart of the Teutoburger Wald near Brochterbeck(4 outcrops).The Fe content of the Osning Sandstone is gen-erally higher in the central Teutoburger Wald ly-ing around 4-7.5 wt-% Fe2O3, compared to theWestern Teutoburger Wald with usually around1 wt-% Fe2O3 (this study and Speetzen, 2010).Accordingly, ferricretes are much more abundantin the central Teutoburger Wald. Fe content ofthe ferricretes lies between 23 and 30 wt-%. Themain Fe-bearing phase in the host rock and ferri-cretes is poorly crystallized Goethite, with minoramounts of Lepidocrocite. In places, Hematitehas been found.

At least three episodes of Fe precipitation havebeen identified from field observations. The firstgeneration is most likely of diagenetic origin andoccurs mostly parallel to bedding. Conglomer-ate layers are often impregnated with Fe andferricretes penetrate the neighboring sandstonein irregular patterns roughly parallel to the con-glomerates. The second episode of Fe precipi-tation took place syntectonically during reversefaulting along the Osning Thrust system (start-ing in the Coniacian-Santonian, see Baldschuhn& Kockel, 1999) and subsequent normal fault-ing after crustal contraction has ceased. This isindicated by ferricretes precipitated along joints,reverse and normal faults and shear zones. Thelast episode of Fe mobility (probably Pleistocene-Holocene) is weakest and is mostly characterizedby mm-thin ferricretes and intense developmentof Liesegang Rings, the latter of which often ter-minate at - and form an angle with - the imperme-able ferricrete layers.

ReferencesBaldschuhn, R. & Kockel, F. (1999): Das Osning-Lineament am Südrand des Niedersachsen-Beckens:Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 150/4, 673-695.Speetzen, E. (2010): Osning-Sandstein und Gault-Sandstein (Unterkreide) aus dem Teutoburger Waldund dem Eggegebirge und ihre Verwendung als Naturbausteine: Geologie und Paläontologie in West-falen 77, 1-59.


RFI-P2: Fluorite mineralizations in dolomites of the Zechstein west of Eschwege: mi-crofabrics, petrography and geochemistry

Philipp Wischhöfer*1

1 Georg August University Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Structural Geology and Geodynamics,Germany

* [email protected]

Fluorite crops out as stratiform dark dm-scalelense-shaped aggregates and as locally separatedviolet translucent veins west of Eschwege inNorthern Hesse. Both types occur in dolomites ofthe Staßfurt series (Ca2) of the Zechstein.Fluorite from the dark lenses forms largexenomorphic crystals or ooids in a fine grainedequigranular dolomitic matrix. The microfabricreveals three generations of fluorite which formedby replacement of aragonite and dolomite andsubsequently recrystallized. The recrystalliza-tion process is conducted by purification of theprimary yellowish-brown inclusion rich fluorite(1) along orthogonal grain boundaries and micro-cracks. The resulting fluorite (2) is colourless andpoor in inclusions. The youngest generation (3) isalso colourless apart from dark violet spots whichmight be related to solid inclusions of U bearingminerals and radiation damage.The veins of fluorite display a homogeneouscoarse blocky fabric. They appear to be frac-

ture fillings supplied from remobilized primaryfluorite.Geochemical analysis with LA-ICP-MS confirmsrecrystallization and remobilization trends ac-cording to the Tb/Ca-Tb/La ratios established byMöller et al. (1976). Recrystallization is furthercharacterized by enrichment of Sr and depletionof Zn and V. The REE content of all samples isrelatively low with respect to chondritic concen-trations. Similar REE patterns of primary fluoriteand the dolomitic host rock suggest a syngeneticformation. A relation between U and dark violetminerals could not be verified due to limited spa-tial resolution.All types of fluorite show blue cathodolumines-cence colours (CL), which are typical for a strongactivation by Eu2+. The CL of primary fluorite(1) is weaker (dark blue) than for the later fluo-rites (2) with light blue CL enclosing the cubicforms of the former.

ReferencesMöller, P., Parekh, P. P., and Schneider, H.-J. (1976): The application of Tb/Ca-Tb/La abundanceratios to problems of fluorspar genesis, Mineralium Deposita, 11(1), 111-116.

57

RFI-P3: Gaseous fluids monitored during INFLUINS Scientific Deep Drilling into theThuringian Syncline, Germany

Michael Abratis*1, Thomas Wiersberg2, Marco Görlitz1, Willi Brand3, Lothar Viereck1, Nina Kukowski1,Kai Uwe Totsche1, and INFLUINS Scientific Drilling Team1

1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany2 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences , Scientific Drilling, Germany3 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena, Stabile Isotope (IsoLab), Germany

* [email protected]

Drilling mud gas was monitored and sampledduring standard rotary and core drilling of the1,179 m deep INFLUINS borehole EF-FB 1/12to gain information on the composition of gasesand their distribution within the Thuringian Syn-cline (Germany).The total abundance of formation gases in drillingmud was low. Methane, helium, hydrogen andcarbon dioxide were detected in drilling mudwhen the drill hole encountered relatively gas-rich strata, reaching maximum concentration of55 ppmv He, 1400 ppmv of CH4, 400 ppmv ofhydrogen and 1.1 vol-% of CO2. We thereforeconsider the INFLUINS borehole to be compara-tively dry.As fundamental observation the drilling mud gascomposition is linked with the strata drilled:Buntsandstein and Muschelkalk (Lower to Mid-dle Triassic) show different formation gas com-position and we therefore conclude that they arehydraulically separated. The correlation of hy-drogen with helium as well as the high rela-

tive helium abundance rule out any artificial ori-gin of hydrogen and suggest a radiolytic origin.CH4/(C2H6+C3H8)-ratios of < 50 imply that hy-drocarbons derive from thermal degradation oforganic matter. These findings are substanti-ated by stable isotope studies of methane: car-bon and hydrogen isotopes yield δ 13CCH4 rang-ing from -26.3 ‰ to -40.5 ‰ and δDCH4 rangingfrom -109 ‰ to -268 ‰.Abundances of all noble gases and isotope ratiosof He, Ne and Ar were determined on five sam-ples. While Ne and Ar isotope ratios for all sam-ples are indistinguishable from air, 3He/4He ra-tios are always lower than air, revealing the pres-ence of a deep helium source in all samples. Twosamples from shallower depth yield air-corrected3He/4He ratios ≤0.03 Ra typical for radiogenichelium production in the crust. For two samplesfrom greater depth, slightly higher air-corrected3He/4He ratios of 0.188 ± 0.076 Ra and 0.220 ±0.058 Ra, respectively, were observed, indicatingsmall contributions of non-radiogenic helium.


RFI-P4: Stable isotope study of vein mineralization in Mesozoic sediments in the ThuringianSyncline (Germany)

Petra Lepetit*1, Lothar Viereck1, Michael Abratis1, Michael Joachimski2, Harald Strauß3, Axel Gerdes4,Stefanie Fritsch1, Nina Kukowski1, Kai Uwe Totsche1, and INFLUINS Scientific Party1

1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany2 Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Geo-Center of Northern Bavaria, Germany3 Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Institute for Geology and Palaeontology, Germany4 Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Geozentrum, Germany

* [email protected]

Vein-related mineralization within the Mesozoicsediments of the Thuringian Syncline (Germany)were investigated in order to characterize paleo-fluid systems within the basin. Bulk rock analyses(petrography, XRD), mineral analyses (EPMA,LA-ICP-MS) and isotope studies (O, H, C, S,Sr) were applied. In this study samples from 55outcrops, 34 quarries and 21 drill cores were ex-amined.Mineralization are mostly restricted to WNW-ESE trending fault systems and comprise carbon-ates (calcite, dolomite, siderite, ankerite), minorsulfates (gypsum, celestine, barite), and rare sul-fides. They are variably distributed within theMesozoic succession. Calcite vein mineraliza-tion occur in almost all Triassic periods, how-ever, dominating in the Lower Muschelkalk (mu).Gypsum veins only occur in the Middle Keuper(km), Middle Muschelkalk (mm), Middle and

Upper Buntsandstein (so, sm) as well as in theUpper Permian (Zechstein).Sulfur and carbon isotope analyses indicate thatmost vein mineralization dominantly crystallizedfrom intra-formational lateral fluid-flow withinthe Triassic sediments. Crystallization from de-scending meteoric waters were observed espe-cially for calcite in veins of the Lower Muschel-kalk. Crystallization from ascending warm waterswere restricted to individual parts of the NW-SE-trending fault system.In-situ LA-ICP-MS Sr-isotope dating gave Juras-sic ages for the diagenetic cements in Triassicrocks and Paleogene ages for vein mineraliza-tion crystallized from intra-formational fluid flow.Vein mineralization from descending meteoricwaters were dated to be Neogene in age.

59

RFI-P5: Tectonic control on fluid migration in the Southern Permian Basin - microfab-ric and fluid inclusion studies on aeolian sandstones (Rotliegend) from the Fizzy Fielddrill site (UK)

Florian Duschl*1, Alfons van den Kerkhof1, Graciela Sosa1, Bernd Leiss1, Axel Vollbrecht1, BettinaWiegand1, and Martin Sauter1

1 Georg August University Göttingen, Geoscience Centre, Applied Geology, Germany

* [email protected]

The Fizzy Field gas accumulation is a wellknown reservoir with exceptionally high CO2concentration (borehole content 50%), locatedalong the north-eastern rim of the Brown Graben(Southern Permian Basin). CO2 migration intothe reservoir was supposedly initiated by inver-sion tectonics during Upper Cretaceous. Coresample material has been analyzed using petro-graphic microscopy, cathodoluminescence mi-croscopy (CL), microthermometry, and Laser-Raman-spectroscopy in order to characterize dif-ferent cement phases and syndiagenetic fracturemineralizations, as well as their respective fluidinclusion (FI) content. Homogenization temper-atures (Th) of fluid inclusions were used to es-timate formation conditions during mineral pre-cipitation. Due to its complex geological andtectonic history the Fizzy Field reservoir servesas a natural analogue for carbon dioxide storage.The aim of our research was to better understandthe processes of CO2-migration and -trapping insedimentary basins.The provided sample material is an aeolian sand-stone (litharenite) from the Rotliegend group (Le-man Sandstone Formation) from wells 50/26-1and 50/26b-6 (2292.6 to 2440.5 mbs).Early-diagenetic dolomite cement (Dol I) pre-served water of meteoric composition within pri-mary monophasic FI.

Syntaxial quartz cement that was subsequentlyformed during burial shows brownish zoning fea-tures in CL revealing several cement generations.Primary FI in quartz contain NaCl-H2O±MgCl2fluids of medium salinity (11.7 wt% NaCl), Thrange from 87 to 96°C.Syndiagenetic barite veins of hydrothermal ori-gin contain NaCl-H2O ± MgCl2 fluids of highersalinity (20.7 wt% NaCl) within primary andpseudo-secondary FI. Primary FI show mini-mum Th of 135°C and suggest that high ther-mal maturity was restricted to faults; Th > 160°Cin pseudo-secondary FI are caused by neckingdown.Euhedral dolomite cement (Dol II) that formedafter basin inversion sometimes overgrows Dol Ithat was previously partially dissolved by CO2-saturated, acidic brines [1]. Primary FI in DolII contain high salinity (17.3 wt% NaCl) Ca-Na-dominated aqueous solutions, proving fluid-rockinteraction which resulted in a typical basinalbrine; Th range from 61 to 69°C.Our results support the idea of gas trapping at alate stage of basin development. CO2 must havemigrated along faults and accumulated within thereservoir during/after uplift. After that Dol IIprecipitated from a CO2-saturated fluid at lowerdepth (uplift ca. 400 m).

References

[1] Heinemann, N., M. Wilkinson, R.S. Haszeldine, A.E. Fallick, and G.E. Pickup (2013): CO2sequestration in a UK North Sea analogue for geological carbon storage. Geology, 41, 411-414.


RFI-P6: Drilling into a Modern Archaean Ocean: the ICDP Lake Towuti DrillingProject

Jens Kallmeyer*1, Aurèle Vuillemin1, André Friese1, Sean A. Crowe2, and ICDP Towuti DrillingProject Scientific Party3

1 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences , Geomicrobiology, Germany2 University of British Columbia, Depts. of Microbiology & Immunology and Earth, Ocean & AtmosphericSciences, Canada3 Brown University, Dept. of Earth Environmental and Planetary Sciences, United States of America

* [email protected]

Lake Towuti is a deep tectonic basin in Sulawesi,Indonesia. Its geographic position and relativelygreat age (estimated >600 ky) makes the lake aprime location to record paleoclimatic changesin the tropical Western Pacific warm pool in itssedimentary sequence. It was therefore chosen asa drilling target by the International ContinentalDrilling Program (ICDP).The catchment is characterized by ultramaficrocks and lateritic weathering. As a result ofphosphorus adsorption onto the iron oxides de-rived from lateritic soils, the lake is oligotrophicand among the least productive tropical lakes onEarth. The lake is stratified, with anoxic condi-tions below 130 m. Due to the extreme clarityof the water, the upper part of the anoxic watercolumn lies in the photic zone. Here, and in thoseareas where the lake floor lies in the photic zone,the iron oxides are reduced, leading to liberationof phosphorus and secondary productivity. Theextreme scarcity of sulphate (low µmolar levels)and the virtual absence of other electron acceptorslike nitrate and nitrite makes the anoxic bottomwaters of Lake Towuti a prime analogue for theArchaean Ocean.

Two pilot studies were carried out in 2013 and2014 in order to obtain not just a better under-standing of the biogeochemical processes in LakeTowuti, but also to have the analytical proce-dures tested prior to the ICDP drilling campaignin May/June 2015. For the pilot study three siteswere selected in water depths of 60, 150 and200 m water depth, representing different bot-tom water oxygenation levels. Microbial celldensities were highest at the shallow site and re-flected greater availability of labile organic matterand electron acceptors. Despite the low sulphateconcentrations, sulphate-reducing bacteria werepresent at all sites, but more active at the shallowsite. Fingerprinting of bacterial intracellular DNAemphasized a decrease of Shannon diversity fromthe shallow to the deep site that correlated withthe presence and level of activity of sulphate re-ducing bacteria in the microbial assemblage. Thequick loss of extracellular DNA indicated thatmicrobial remineralization of organic matter wasstrongest in the uppermost sediment layers. De-spite the scarcity of sulphate, sulphate reductionwas detectable at all sites and at all depths.

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RFI-P7: The CO2 pilot site of Ketzin: Evidence of small scale CO2-fluid-rock interactionby optical and geochemical mineral quantifications

Susanne Bock*1, Carmen Höschen2, and Reinhard Gaupp1

1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany2 Technical University München, Chair of Soil Science, Germany

* [email protected]

At the pilot site of Ketzin (Germany) a CO2 in-jection in a siliciclastic reservoir was realized tostudy the interaction of CO2 with reservoir rocksand brine. There is evidence for mineral trap-ping, as the most long lasting trapping mechanism(Metz et al. 2005), after the short injection periodof only four years. We purposed the quantifica-tion of the type, amount, chemical and isotopiccomposition of the mineral precipitates for an im-proved understanding of the formation processeson field scale. The subsurface of the pilot site ischaracterized by an anticlinal structure, consist-ing of Paleozoic to Cenozoic rocks. The UpperTriassic Stuttgart Formation contains two salineaquifers in depths of 630 to 650 m and 660 to665 m. These aquifers serve as reservoir for thefour-year injection of CO2. The Stuttgart Forma-tion is overlain by a >165 m-thick caprock systemof massive mudstones, which prevented leakage.In 2007 before injection of 64,000 tons of CO2and thereafter in 2012 core material was recov-ered for reservoir characterization and the inves-tigation of injection caused changes in the rockmaterial. The comparison of the core material re-vealed no changes in general rock composition,acquired by macroscopic observation, XRD, XRF

and ICP-MS/OES. Further investigations by SEMand EMPA allowed a more detailed view and re-vealed minor amounts of newly formed carbon-ates of 2 to 50 µm in diameter, consisting ofcalcite and/or siderite. Different shaped carbon-ates were identified and quantification exhibitedamounts of < 1 % ± 0.1 (σ ) within rock compo-sition. Chemical investigations uncovered enrich-ments in Ba, Sr, Na and Cl concentration, unliketo the diagenetic-formed dolomite of the reservoirrocks. Thus, precipitation of siderite and calcitein a highly saline environment as it is the casein a saline aquifer is most probable. It appearsthat these phases formed as consequence of rock-fluid-CO2 interaction and thus indicate mineraltrapping. However, these precipitates can even re-sult from the highly alkaline, K2CO3 based drillmud, used for core recovery after injection. Toprove mineral trapping, isotopic analyses (δ 18O)of the precipitates were performed by nano-scalesecondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS).The results indicate a precipitation from brine-CO2 interaction. The conditions of mineral pre-cipitation in this CO2 reservoir will be recon-structed from these data.

ReferencesMetz, B., O. Davidson, H. de Coninck, M. Loos and H. Meyer (ed.) (2005): IPCC Special Report onCarbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, Cambridge University Press, 431 p.


RFI-P8: Norian Hauptdolomit outcrop analog and numerical modelling for early hy-drocarbon migration processes: sedimentological and diagenetic studies

Nakhon Boonchai*1, Hans-Jürgen Gawlick2, and Leonhard Ganzer3

1 Montanuniversität Leoben, Petroleum Engineering, Austria2 Montanuniversität Leoben, Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Austria3 Technical University Clausthal, Reservoir Engineering, Germany

* [email protected]

The restricted lagoon of the Late TriassicDachstein Limestone/Hauptdolomit CarbonatePlatform provide excellent possibilities to act asoutcrop analog for fractured carbonate reservoirs.The Hauptdolomit contain in parts organic richlayers, not only in the isolated and restrictedBasins.We study a section west of the Adnet, whereorganic-rich clay-rich and organic-rich stroma-tolithic layers occur. The section consists ofdolomitized grainstones/packstones, deposited insubtidal conditions, intertidal stromatolithic lay-ers, and dark clay-rich layers. In total the se-quence resembles a dolomitized Lofer cycle. Thethin stromatolithic layers show the features of asyndepositional dolomitization, in contrast, thethicker dolomitized grainstones/packstones showtypical characteristics for secondary dolomitiza-tion. In these beds in fractures occur migratedhydrocarbons, which don´t cross bed boundaries.Dolomitization and migration of the hydrocar-bons seems to work in concert. Cement filledvugs in the more micritic dolomites indicatedshallow-burial bacterial degradation of hydrocar-bons and formation of methane.Several organic rich clay layers were analyzedTOC and biomarker characteristics for furtherinput in static modelling. 0.6-3.2% TOC aredetermined from potential source rock layers.Biomarker results show that the organic-rich claysample derives from a mixture of phytoplankton,

zooplankton, micro-organisms with land-derivedplant material. The carbonate-rich samples showan influent from the organic-rich clay below. Thediagenetic overprint of the succession is ratherlow as indicated by CAI 1.0 from the overly-ing Rhaetian Koessen Formation. Stylolithiza-tion took place before dolomitization under burialconditions. Under these burial conditions earlymigration of the hydrocarbons from the organic-rich clay- and dolomite-layers started and invadedthe limestone beds along small fractures.A three-dimensional reservoir model was createdto represent the reservoir fracture pattern and therock properties to understand and predict single-phase hydrocarbon migration-accumulation in theprescribed outcrop carbonate reservoir. Realisticreservoir rock data typical for carbonates locatedin Middle East such as rock porosity and layerthickness is combined with the fracture data (frac-ture aperture, orientation and transmissibility).Rock permeability is estimated from porosity-permeability correlations characterizing the out-crop according to the environmental deposition.The single-phase, multi-component fluid flowis modelled using the compositional simulatorCMG - GEM (Computer Modelling Group - Gen-eral Equation of State Model) under isothermal,slightly compressible conditions. The changes inthe mixture composition is studied over a long pe-riod of simulation time.

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RFI-P9: Rare Earth Element patterns and stable isotopes as tracers for the evolution ofgroundwater

Georg Büchel*1, Dirk Merten1, Anja Grawunder1, and Martin Lonschinski1


* [email protected]

The evolution of shallow and deep groundwaterfrom the Thuringian syncline (central Germany)was investigated with special emphasis on rareearth elements (REE) and stable isotopes (34SSO4,18OSO4). The Thuringian syncline covers about2,700 km2 and comprises different kinds of rocks(sandstones, limestones, claystones, evaporites)that were deposited from the Late Permian untilthe Early Jurassic (approximately 250 to 180 mil-lion years ago).At the periphery of the syncline, sediments ofZechstein (Permian) and Buntsandstein (EarlyTriassic) are cropping out over a wide area actingas catchment areas for groundwater recharge ofthe main aquifers.Water originating from Zechstein aquifers is ofNa-Cl-(HCO3) type and can be clearly distin-guished from water originating from Buntsand-stein (Ca-Mg-SO4 or Ca-Mg-HCO3-type) andfrom limestone aquifers (Ca-(Na)-HCO3-type).REE concentrations are generally low

(→ REE < 10 µg L-1). After normalizationto Post Archean Australian shale (McLennan,1989) the resulting patterns are enriched in heavyREE (Ho-La) what is slightly more pronouncedin Zechstein water. Furthermore, positive andnegative Ce anomalies hint on different redoxconditions during groundwater evolution. Espe-cially, water originating from Triassic aquifers isfeatured by negative Ce-anomalies.The isotopic data (34SSO4 and 18OSO4) of dis-solved sulfates indicate a terrestrial origin ofsulfates in Early Buntsandstein and limestoneaquifers as well as marine origin of sulfate inLate Buntsandstein and Late Zechstein. Isotopicdata thus allows estimation of mixing of water ofdifferent aquifers/lithologies. An interaction ofZechstein and Buntsandstein aquifers bound onfault systems becomes evident for the northernpart of the basin.

ReferencesMcLennan, S.M. (1989): Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: influence of provenance and sed-imentary processes. In: Lipin, McKay (Eds.), Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements,vol. 21, Rev. Min. Geochem., pp. 169-200.


RFI-P10: Subsurface microorganisms in pristine Zechstein aquifers and enclosed in saltmarine evaporates

Andrea Beyer*1, Katja Burow2, Georg Büchel2, and Erika Kothe1

1 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Germany2 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Germany

* [email protected]

The relationship of subsurface microorganismsdependent on local geological conditions wasexamined in 3 groundwater wells of the Werraregion, Germany. It could be shown an overlap-ping diversity, even though they originate fromdifferent depths. Thereby, Actinobacteria wereby far the most abundant phylum, followed byProteobacteria. With the salt concentration of thegroundwater aquifers it was able to differentiatebetween the wells and their occurring bacteria. Itcould be shown, that with increasing salinity, bac-terial abundance decreases extremely. So, mostbacteria can survive only in moderate salinity.The microbiome analysis demonstrated that sev-eral bacteria genera, known from Buntsandsteinlayers, were also present, which allows a micro-biological tool for (hydro)geological mapping.That means an influence of the upper lithostrati-

graphic groups, entering through pores and fis-sures, leading to dilution of saline groundwaterand its diversity, provided the incoming taxa areable to adapt to saline conditions.

Furthermore, the isolation of bacteria from thesurrounding rock layers was succeeded. It hasbeen shown, that groundwater was the preferredhabitat, due to the extremely small cell quan-tity and variety in marine evaporates. Thatsimilar species of Bacillus, Brevibacterium andOceanobacillus, could be detected in both habi-tats showed, that formerly mineral-entrapped bac-teria can be released by solution processes fromsalt crystals into groundwater. Thus, they werecapable to survive in extreme saline habitats andare typical representatives for Zechstein deposits.

ReferencesBeyer A, Rzanny M, Weist A, Möller S, Burow K, Gutmann F, Neumann S, Lindner J, Müsse S,Brangsch H, Stoiber-Lipp J, Lonschinski M, Merten D, Büchel G, and Kothe E (2015): Aquifercommunity structure in dependence of lithostratigraphy in groundwater reservoirs, Environ Sci PollutRes Int, 1-10.Beyer A, Burow K, Büchel G, and Kothe E: Microbial communities in salt marine evaporate rocksand pristine Zechstein aquifers: submitted 2015.

65

RFI-P11: Snowflakes, fossil marks?

Ludwig Biermanns *1

1 University of Tübingen, Institute of Geosciences, Germany

* [email protected]

Snowflakes, which are agglomerates of fine, crys-talline ice particles (1), only have a low fall veloc-ity. Limited weight, compared to size and shape,is the reason for gentle fall speeds of snowflakes,because of planar form and hexagonal symmetry,which provides for a high atmospheric drag. Inthe speed of fall, there is only a slight differencebetween smaller and bigger flakes, because the in-crease in size is quite in a balance with the rise inweight.On the average, dry snowflakes come down witha speed between 1 and 2 m/s (3). The speed of asnowflake also depends on size and shape (Young,1993; - in: 2), and the following relation can begiven with:

vt = 1.24 * (d / 2)0.2 * eh/20 . (2, with some mod-ification)

vt = mean terminal fall speed of snowflake [m/s]d = diameter of snowflake [mm]e = 2.718 282h = height above sea level [km]!

The magnitude eh/20 is used, when the speedof fall is calculated for the heights. When thefactor "exp (h / 20) = 1", the height, h = 0; theobservation point is on sea level. The exponent

"0.2" from the link "(d / 2)" already gives a hintto a very slight increase in the speed of fall forsnowflakes with increasing size.

When the diameter of a snowflake is 1 mm, itsmean speed of fall is 1.079 m/s on sea level. Witha diameter of 4 mm, its speed is 1.414 m/s, with 7mm, its mean fall velocity makes 1.593 m/s with10 mm, it gives 1.711 m/s.

Markings by fossil snowflakes, on the other hand,hardly will be found in sediments, because of thegentle speed of fall, compared to fossil raindrops,which are occasionally conserved in loamy or inclayey soft soils. Not only size, but also weightand density contribute to the speed of fall. Aweight, up ca. 0.1 g, and a speed of fall, up ca.9 m/s by a raindrop, with a drop diameter of 5.8mm, is reached. Under these conditions, mark-ings of raindrops in loose sediments of fine parti-cle size occur rather than markings of snowflakes.The weight of a dry flake is less than one tenth ofa weight from a raindrop with the same size. Fi-nally, in most of the cases, there is a snowfall onfrozen ground, where conservation of markings ishardly to be expected. It really will be a sensationif marks of fossil snowflakes are found. A moreexact interpretation of the weather condition bysuch an event would be possible.

References1) Liljequist, G.H. and Cehak, K. (1994): Allgemeine Meteorologie (Fundamentals of the meteorol-ogy). - 396 p., Vieweg & Sohn Publ., Braunschweig.2) Medrano, M.U. (2008): Introduction to atmospheric sciences MPO-551. Snowflakes. - RosenstielSchool of Marine and Atmosph. Sci., University of Miami, 1 - 16.3) Yuter , S.E., Kingsmill, D.E., Nance, L.B. & Löffler-Mang, M. (2006): Observations of Observa-tions of precipitation size and fall speed characteristics within coexisting rain and wet snow. Journ.Applied Meteorol. Climatol., 45: 1450 - 1464.


BGP - Borehole geophysics and rock physics in sedimentarybasins

Convener: Christian Bücker (DEA Hamburg) and Thomas Wonik (LIAG Hannover)

For several decades now, procedures and methods of borehole geophysics and rock physics have beenapplied successfully for the exploration of deposits and reservoirs in sediments, especially in sedimen-tary basins. In most cases, the combination of several physical properties ensures the findings. Themethods of borehole geophysics and rock physics are utilized not only for the search for hydrocar-bons, coal, ores, and salt, but also in the exploration for water and geothermal energy. Furthermore,these methods are also used in the search for final repository sites and for the inspection of disposaland contaminated sites. In Germany the most used applications of borehole geophysical and rockphysical methods are for the search of oil and gas and for geothermal energy, proved by numerouscurrent exploration and research activities.

In this session "Borehole geophysics and rock physics in sedimentary basins" (which runs also as aworkshop of the FKPE working group "Borehole Geophysics"), the newest methods and proceduresfor acquisition, data processing and interpretation including case histories are presented and discussed.

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BGP-T1: Lithology Determination by Cluster Analysis of Borehole Geophysical Data:Case Study of the Sedimentary Basin in Thuringia, Germany

Pascal Methe*1, Andreas Goepel1, and Nina Kukowski1


* [email protected]

In sedimentary basins, the identification of thelithological composition of rocks recovered fromdeep drilling and the characterization of theirphysical properties are essential to describe abasin’s reservoir potential and to understand thefunctioning of its fluid systems. However, ascoring is expensive, boreholes are often only par-tially cored and sometimes not cored at all. Thus,to identify lithology from geophysical logs wouldprovide very valuable information.

In order to estimate lithology from boreholegeophysical data, we evaluated several clusteranalysis algorithms (Ward hierarchical cluster-ing, k-Means, Mean-Shift and DBSCAN). Wealso tested high-dimensional clustering with theDBSCAN algorithm employing several geophys-ical logs (gamma log, density log, caliper log,porosity log, sonic log) to extract an amount ofinformation as high as possible.

We focus our analysis on the Thuringian Basin(Germany), a well-confined, easily accessibleintra-continental sedimentary basin by applyingdensity-based spatial clustering (DBSCAN) tothe 1179 m meter deep scientific borehole EF-FB 1/12, drilled in the center of the ThuringianBasin during the recent INFLUINS deep drilling

campaign. Extensive borehole geophysical mea-surements were undertaken along the whole depthto determine the borehole characteristics and in-situ rock geophysical properties in the open hole.In addition, rock physical properties were charac-terized on all core samples (533 m in total) witha Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) in corpo-ration with the Federal Institute for Geosciencesand Natural Resources (BGR) in Berlin-Spandau.These core measurements were used to improvea cluster analysis with DBSCAN algorithm forboreholegeophysical data.

We were able to characterize the lithology of theEF-FB 1/12 borehole with minor restrictions dueto uncertainties. With the help of the DBSCANalgorithm, it was possible to reveal sequences ofchanging lithology on the meter-scale. Thus, sub-formations like the Middle Dolomite (6 m thick)of the Middle Muschelkalk (Triassic) were auto-matically identified, as well as embedded layersof anhydrite and mudstone (a few meters thick) inbetween the rock salt of the Salinarröt-formationin the Upper Buntsandstein. Information fromMSCL measurements allowed a validation of thecluster analysis results for almost the half of theborehole section length.


BGP-T2: Long-term observation of subsurface temperature in drill holes at the Geody-namic Observatory Moxa, Germany

Cornelius Schwarze*1, Andreas Goepel1, Pascal Methe1, and Nina Kukowski1


* [email protected]

Temperature-depth profiles acquired in drill holesreveal temporal fluctuations of the in situ geother-mal regime and also how seasonal variations ofthe surface ground temperature diffuse down-ward. However, the correlation between groundtemperature and meteorological variations is notyet fully understood. The Geodynamic Obser-vatory Moxa (Thuringia, Germany), where sev-eral sensors like laser strain meters or tilt metersas well as a super-conducting gravity meter anda climate station allow high resolution observa-tion of deformation and geodynamic parameters,is an ideal test site for long-term monitoring ofthe subsurface temperature distribution in bore-holes using optical fiber temperature-sensing andelectronic temperature-sensing. To unravel in situgeothermal properties at this test site we installedsuch temperature sensors in two scientific bore-holes, KB-Moxa 13/1, which is 100 m deep, andthe 20 m deep FB-Moxa 13/1. An optical fiberto measure temperature using the Raman-effectwas installed in KB-Moxa 13/1, and in FB-Moxa

13/1, we installed an electronic temperature mea-suring chain with 20 sensors, respectively. Sub-surface temperatures have been measured to adepth of 100 m and 20 m for almost one year.Besides the daily and seasonal temperature fluc-tuation, temperature anomalies were detected attwo depths, 20 m and 77 m below ground sur-face. These anomalies most probable result fromenhanced water flow in aquifers. Seasonal fluc-tuations could be identified down to a depth ofabout 30 m and diurnal temperature signals downto 1.2 m. Precipitation events may influence sub-surface temperature still in a depth as deep as15 m. Temperature variations caused by atmo-spheric changes are not detectable at a depth be-low 80 m. Core material from KB-Moxa 13/1 wasavailable for measuring thermal diffusivity andthermal conductivity employing a Thermal Con-ductivity Scanner (TCS). Laboratory measure-ments confirm estimates of rock physical proper-ties from the temperature measurements.

69

BGP-T3: Combining seismic with thermal conductivity data for estimating spatialgeothermal reservoir properties

Yixi Gu*1, Wolfram Rühaak1, Kristian Bär1, and Ingo Sass1

1 Technical University Darmstadt, Department of Geothermal Science and Technology, Germany

* [email protected]

Prediction of rock thermal conductivity in thesubsurface is important for the investigation ofheat flow and temperature distribution, but itfaces economical and technical challenges atlarge scale. Current measurements of rock ther-mal conductivity are either based on laboratorymeasurements on drill cores, outcrop samples orretrieved from borehole temperature logs. Bothof them are limited on the location of boreholeor outcrops respectively and for boreholes alsoaccompanied with high costs.To better characterize the natural heterogeneityof geological units, an improved approach to pre-dict the spatial distribution of underground rockthermal conductivity is demonstrated. For this ap-proach, which is based on geophysical in situ data(borehole geophysics and 2D seismic profiles)and lab measurements, ordinary kriging, krigingwith an external drift and a Markov model basedapproach are applied.

Rock thermal conductivity from lab measure-ments is correlated with seismic velocity. Sam-ples are taken from the Permian Rotliegend oftwo drill cores in Messel, Germany, which werecontinuously measured in the lab at a spacing in-terval of 1 mm. The amount of data sums up to35,442 data points for dry and 26,045 for watersaturated condition.The dry data set of rock thermal conductivity,where matrix properties have a stronger impacton the bulk value, shows a good linear correlationwith seismic velocity as well as porosity fromgeophysical borehole data both in 1D. Benefittingfrom the well distributed seismic velocity data in2D, reasonable estimated results could be adoptedby Markov and KED methods at the borehole lo-cations as well as the area covered by the seismicprofile. The most reasonable saturated bulk rockthermal conductivity result is presented using theKED method.


BGP-T4: Microsystems and Macrosystems attributes integration in the petrophysicaland seismic domain

Angelo Piasentin*1

1 GeoNeurale, Scientific Direction Munich, Germany

* [email protected]

How geological microsystems interact to influ-ence macrosystems properties in an geologicalaggregate has been widely investigated in rockphysics theories in order to derive macro elas-tic properties such as K, µ , ρ , λ , Vp, Vs fromthe respective micro properties at the log res-olution scale and from the interacting elemen-tal components of each phase such as matrix,fluid, gas. Macro elastic properties are consid-ered as the overall equivalent elastic propertiesof a minimum investigation volume correspond-ing to the maximal resolution in the seismic wavepropagation domain which is dependent on theminimum wavelength component of the seismicsignal. Resolution which is further refined fromgeostatistical analysis after inversion.In this context, the most efficient theories are re-garded as: "effective medium modeling" of therepresentative volume of a rock. The most usedoriginate from Gassmann, Voigt, Reuss, Hertz-Mindlin, Walton etc.All these model consider the elemental elasticproperties in there reciprocal stress-strain state.

Petrophysics and Seismic have often been con-sidered as separate fields without many commonpoints other than the calculation of synthetic seis-mograms. This represent also a relation between

elastic properties: zero offset reflectivity and seis-mic wavelet combined together from the convo-lutional operator.A new approach among all petrophysical proper-ties and elastic seismic attributes has been pro-posed [1].This is a new field which can be explored inorder to propagate microstems properties in themacrosystem of the seismic volume.

The simple Archie equation is an empirical modelfor describing the measurements of resistivity inclean sands. We introduce empirical parame-ters like a and m that generalize the macroscopicproperties of a rock in its representative elemen-tary volume with the final goal of calculatingthe water saturation from resistivity and porositymeasurements. These relationships are syntheti-cally represented within the Pickett plot. Whenthe empirical factors a and m spatially changewithin the same formation but the componentsand their reciprocal quantities remain constant,then the interpreter look for changes in the geo-metrical properties such as coordination number,aspect ratio, curvature and other geometrical pa-rameters of the elemental components.

ReferencesAki, K., and P. G. Richards (1980): Quantitative seismology, 2nd ed.: W. H. Freeman and Co.Avseth, P. and Johansen, T.A. (2011): Exploration Rock Physics and Seismic Reservoir Prediction.European Associaton of Geoscientists and EngineersBallay, R.E. (2012): The "m" Exponent in Carbonate Petrophysics. GeoNeurale Review. 2012[1]Piasentin, A.: The seismic dimension of the Archie´s equation, " FKPE conference" (2013)

71

BGP-T5: Borehole Geoscience in Sedimentary Basins: from qualitative correlation toquantitative characterization.

Mike Lovell*1

1 University of Leicester, UK

* [email protected]

Geophysical measurements in boreholes startedin the 1920s and were initially intended as atool for geological correlation between boreholes."Electrical coring" was intended to provide thegeologist with the ability to correlate betweenboreholes, and to build simple 2-D and 3-D ge-ological models. Since then there have beenmany developments, not least in downhole log-ging tool development, enabled through the dis-covery or synthesis of novel materials, miniatur-ized yet powerful electronics, advanced sourcesand sensors, huge computer-processing capabil-ities, and real-time acquisition and analysis ona remote, mobile computing platform. Conse-quently, today we make a vast range of geophysi-cal measurements in the borehole and we attemptto relate these to specific static and dynamic phys-ical and chemical rock properties. We assume therock is composed of a mixture of solids and fluids,and in turn these properties may be interpretedin terms of past and present-day geological pro-cesses.

These borehole geophysics measurements pro-vide the geoscientist with a wealth of data, butat times also an excess of information, and identi-fying the important or critical measurements, es-pecially for unconventional studies, can be in-creasingly difficult. While advanced processing

techniques can quantify resistivity anisotropy, oryield the proportions of different pore sizes fromNMR measurements, simple pattern recognitionor graphical techniques can also aid the geosci-entist’s interpretation. More advanced nuclear-based geochemical measurements have devel-oped to help characterize mudstone (or shale)complexity, while quantification of heterogeneitythrough a variety of statistical techniques can in-form the scale dependency of any geological vari-ability. The link between high-resolution down-hole geophysics and surface geophysics can beinvestigated through petro-acoustic models, link-ing downhole acoustic measurements with sur-face seismic, and allowing the influence of dif-ferent fluids to be investigated.

Examples from recent research in sedimentarybasins are used to highlight the power of down-hole geophysics in aiding the geoscientist, and inproviding a critical link between different scales,from high resolution but localized observationson core to low resolution regional seismic ob-servations. The extension of well-establishedtechniques to new environments is also explored,demonstrating how the natural complexity of sub-surface formations presents an ever changing andexpanding intellectual challenge for geoscientists.


BGP-T6: Processes in the near wellbore reservoir matrix during formation water re-injection - measurements and simulation

Christian Bücker*1, Stephan Großwig2, Eckart Hurtig2, Michael Rembe3, and N. Stadt1

1 Dea Deutsche Erdoel AG, Hamburg, Germany2 GESO GmbH, Jena, Germany3 Rembe Consulting PartG mbB, Nordhausen, Germany

* [email protected]

Depth and Time based temperature measurementswith Fibre Optic cable, often referred to as Dis-tributed Temperature Sensing DTS, were usedduring re-injection of formation water to confirmwellbore and storage reservoir integrity. Forma-tion water, a by-product of oil and gas production,is processed at surface and re-injected throughdisposal wells into high porosity and high perme-ability layers in the subsurface. Verification of thesealing properties of over-lying layers is of impor-tance to avoid contaminating fresh water supplies.

A study was carried out during re-injection on aformation water disposal well consisting of a highporosity, permeability Kalkarenite storage reser-voir overlain by impermeable Palaeocene shales.Depth and time based temperature measurements

during periods of shut-in, warm and cold waterre-injection and relaxation, were used to modelthe 2D distribution of temperature in the well-bore. A so-called "extended-cold-water-injectiontest" proved to be the best method. The resultingtemperature profiles were compared to the tem-perature profiles generated by a thermal modelof the near-wellbore region. The results showedre-injection into the high porosity permeabilitylayers and confirmed the hydraulic isolation ofthe storage reservoir.

The results show the success of using Fibre Op-tic Temperature measurements and 2D (Depthand Time) Temperature distribution modelling inquantifying storage reservoir integrity.

73

BGP-T7: Stress feature interpretation from boreholes in the Snake River Plain (USA)and perspectives of downhole logging in the International Continental Scientific DrillingProgram

Simona Pierdominici*1, Jochem Kück1, Ulrich Harms1, and Douglas R. Schmitt2

1 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences , Scientific Drilling, Germany2 University of Alberta, Department of Physics, Canada

* [email protected]

Boreholes in the Snake River Plain served to shednew light on one of the largest basaltic-rhyoliticprovinces and the Yellowstone Hotspot (Shervais,et al. 2013, 2011). In the framework of the ICDP(International Continental Scientific Drilling Pro-gram) we have obtained a set of geophysical log-ging data serving initially technical and scien-tific purposes. New analyses of borehole tele-viewer data serve to identify the stress features(i.e. borehole breakouts, natural and induced frac-tures) and to characterize the local and currentstress field. Here we present and discuss the bore-hole televiewer data collected in Kimama holebetween 270 m and 740 m. The two primarystress indicators used in this study are boreholebreakouts and drilling induced tensile fractures(DITFs). Borehole breakouts are stress-inducedelongations of a borehole cross section. On bore-hole images, borehole breakouts appear as darkfeatures and in some cases, incipient breakoutshave been identified by conjugate shear fractures,where no spalling of the borehole wall has oc-curred. However borehole images of Kimamahole show poor compressive failures, mainly lo-cated between 650 and 700 m. DITFs appear asdark electrically conductive fractures, mainly par-

allel to the axis of borehole and show a discontin-uous nature. On the contrary the natural fracturesare often seen as continuous sinusoids and appearas electrically conductive or electrically resistive.A consistent population of natural fracture (ap-proximately 200 features) has been identified andinterpreted.These data are compared with existing stressrecords of the area to obtain an improved knowl-edge of present-day stress field in the area. Adetailed understanding of the regional field is afundamental contribution in several research ar-eas such as geothermal reservoir studies or explo-ration and exploitation of underground resourcesetc. The evaluation of these data is integratedin the scientific assessment of downhole loggingdata acquired over the past years by the ICDPOperational Support Group with slimhole tools(150°C/80 MPa) in boreholes with a maximumbit size of about 210 mm in meanwhile 32 down-hole logging campaigns worldwide. The acquireddownhole logging data were often used only fordepth correlation and the integration of core anddownhole logging data but without further evalu-ation of their scientific potential.

ReferencesShervais, J. W., D. R. Schmitt, D. Nielson, J. P. Evans, E. H. Christiansen, L. Morgan, W. C. P.Shanks, A. A. Prokopenko, T. Lachmar, L. M. Liberty, D. D. Blackwell, J. M. Glen, D. Champion,K. E. Potter, and J. A. Kessler (2013): First results from HOTSPOT: The Snake River Plain scientificdrilling project, Idaho, U.S.A.: Scientific Drilling, 15, 36-45.Shervais, J.W., J. P. Evans, E. J. Christiansen, D. R. Schmitt, L. M. Liberty, D. D. Blackwell, J. M.Glen, J. A. Kessler, K. E. Potter, M. M. Jean, C. J. Sant, T. G. Freeman (2011): Hotspot: The SnakeRiver Geothermal Drilling Project-An Ov


BGP-T8: Uranium enrichment along fault planes in the Sindreth basin, NW-India,inferred from in situ GR measurements - possible sources and pathways

Lina Anetzberger*1, Ines Donhauser1, Lars Scharfenberg1, Michel Bestmann1, and Helga de Wall1

1 Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Geo-Center of Northern Bavaria, Germany

* [email protected]

The Neoproterozoic Sindreth basin is a NNE-SSW trending graben structure in the westernforeland of the Delhi Fold Belt. The basin is filledwith Neoproterozoic clastic sediments and inter-calated bimodal volcanics (basalts, ignimbrites,tuffs). During basin inversion the sequence hasbeen tilted and faulted. Fault planes have beenused as structures for emplacement of felsic dykesassociated with the Malani Igneous Suite, one ofthe large felsic igneous provinces of the world.Between the lower clastic units and volcanoclas-tics/lava flows of the mafic volcanic unit faultplanes have been identified which show coatingsby Fe-rich mineralization and distinct enrichmentof uranium (Scharfenberg et al. 2015). The Ucontent is highest at the southern edge of the Sin-

dreth basin where values up to 50 ppm have beenreported (Somani et al., 2004).In order to get information on sources, pathwaysand causes for the enrichment of U, geochemi-cal analysis of felsic dykes were done and thinsections from fault planes have been studied byscanning electron microscopy with energy dis-persive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Faultplanes show a network structure of micro cracks,which are filled by iron and manganese minerals,indicating that they have served as fluid pathways.Along discrete cracks, Ti-Fe-bearing minerals arealtered and enriched in U. The Malani felsic dykesare considered as possible source rocks for theuranium.

ReferencesScharfenberg, L., H. de Wall, S. Schöbel, A. Minor, M. Maurer, M. K. Pandit, K. K. Sharma (2015):In situ gamma radiation measurements in the Neoproterozoic rocks of Sirohi region, NW India, Jour-nal of Earth Systems Science, accepted for publication.Somani, O. P., A. Misra, A. V. Jeyagopal, L. K. Nanda, P. S. Parihar (2012): Radioelemental dis-tribution in Neoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary Sindreth Basin, Sirohi District, Rajasthan and itssignificance, Current Science, 103 (3): 305-309.

75

BGP-T9: Visualization of fault pattern in Permo-Mesozoic sediments of the Bad Staffel-stein area, N Bavaria

Michael Wehrl*1, Joachim Rohn1, and Helga de Wall1

1 Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Geo-Center of Northern Bavaria, Germany

* [email protected]

The Franconian fault zone in E-Bavaria separatesVariscan basement rocks in the E from Permo-mesozoic sedimentary units in the W. Repeatedactivity during Permo-Triassic and Cretaceoushas formed a complex fault pattern in the Variscanforeland which in N-Bavaria is prominent in theKulmbach-Staffelstein area. Further on in thisarea regional anomalies of the geothermal gradi-ent have been identified from borehole data whichsuggest an increased geothermal potential (Bauer1999). In this context the connectivitiy of master-faults to the buried variscan basement rocks is ofspecial interest.In this study digital terrain models were madeusing high resolution airborne laser scan data(DGM1). Seismic data from the Dekorp 3/MVE-

sections (e.g. Heinrichs et al. 1994) which tran-sects the region in E-W trend have been evaluatedusing Petrel to identify deep reaching branches ofthe fault system.Main target of the study is the Frankenalbfurche-fault system, a NW-SE trending graben struc-ture. A structural model of the boundary of theSengenthal- and the Dietfurt-Formation indicatesthe linkage of individual segments of the grabenstructure as more faults as previously knownhave been identified. Moreover there is strongevidence from seismic interpretation for deep-reaching faults which connect the cover units withthe Variscan basement. Such faults could serve aspathways for fluids and associated convective heattransport.

ReferencesBauer, W. (1999): Thermalwasserhöffigkeit und geothermische Verhältnisse des Fränkischen Beckens(Nordbayern/Südthüringen), Dissertation, Universtiät WürzburgHeinrichs , T., Giese, P., Bankwitz, E. (1994): DEKORP 3/MVE-90 (West)- preliminary geologi-cal interpretation of a deep near-vertical reflection profile between the Rhenish and the BohemianMassifs, Germany, Zeitschrift für geologische Wissenschaften 22 (6), S.771-801, Gesellschaft fürGeowissenschaften, Berlin 1994

Author index

Abdrakhmatov, Kanatbek, 22Abratis, Michael, 57, 58Aehnelt, Michaela, 52Amadori, Chiara, 44Andriessen, Paul, 38Anetzberger, Lina, 74Asmussen, Pascal, 50

Bär, Kristian, 49, 69Büchel, Georg, 53, 63, 64Bücker, Christian, 72Ballato, Paolo, 31Balling, Philipp, 31Barnasch, Jens, 27Berndt, Jasper, 55Bestmann, Michel, 74Beyer, Andrea, 64Biermanns, Ludwig, 65Bock, Susanne, 61Boonchai, Nakhon, 62Brand, Willi, 57Burow, Katja, 64

Cacace, Mauro, 24Campbell, Grace, 22Carson, Emily, 22Cederbom, Charlotte, 23Cherubini, Yvonne, 24Chwala, Andreas, 29, 39Cifelli, Francesca, 31Crowe, Sean A., 60

Daxberger, Heidi, 34de León-Gómez, Héctor, 32de Wall, Helga, 74, 75Di Giulio, Andrea, 44, 45Donhauser, Ines, 74Dunkl, István, 31, 47Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume, 31Duschl, Florian, 59

Einax, Jürgen W., 53Engler, Anne, 27

Fischer, Thomas, 42Friese, André , 60Fritsch, Stefanie, 58

Görlitz, Marco, 57Günther, Thomas, 39, 40Ganti, Vamsi, 30Ganzer, Leonhard, 62Gaupp, Reinhard, 52, 61Gawlick, Hans-Jürgen, 62Gerdes, Axel, 58Ghasemi, Mohammad , 31Goepel, Andreas, 28, 39, 40, 67, 68Grützner, Christoph, 22Grawunder, Anja, 63Großwig, Stephan, 72Grobe, Arne, 51Gu, Yixi , 69

Höschen, Carmen, 61Hammes, Ursula, 46Harms, Ulrich, 73Hassanzadeh, Jamshid, 31Heidarzadeh , Ghasem , 31Hindle, David, 21Hurtig, Eckart, 72

ICDP Towuti Drilling Project Scient. Party, 60INFLUINS Scientific Drilling Team, 57INFLUINS Scientific Party, 58

Józsa, Sándor, 47Jenchen, Uwe, 32Joachimski, Michael, 58

Kück, Jochem, 73Kaiser , Björn, 24Kallmeyer, Jens, 60

77

78 Author index

Karakostas, Vassilios, 35Keiding, Marie, 35Keiter, Mark, 55Kirsch, Moritz, 33Kley, Jonas, 26, 37Knierzinger, Wolfgang, 43Kolditz, Olaf, 42Kothe, Erika, 64Kukowski, Nina, 26, 28, 29, 39, 40, 57, 58, 67,

68Kunkel, Cindy, 52

Leiss, Bernd, 59Lepetit, Petra, 58Lindow, Julia, 23Littke, Ralf, 51Lonschinski, Martin, 63Lovell, Mike, 71Luijendijk, Elco, 21, 23, 38

Möller, Stefan, 53Méndez-Delgado, Sóstenes, 32Mackenzie, David, 22Malatesta, Luca, 30Maldonado-Leal, Manuel Ángel, 32Malz, Alexander, 28Mancin, Nicoletta, 44Masuch-Oesterreich, Dirk, 32Mattei, Massimo, 31Maystrenko, Yuriy, 24Medina-Barrera, Francisco, 32Merten, Dirk, 53, 63Methe, Pascal, 67, 68Meyer, Hans-Georg, 28, 29, 40Meyer, Matthias, 29, 40Mueller, Pierre, 45

Naumov, Dmitri, 42Navarro de León, Ignacio, 32Noack, Vera, 24

Ondrak, Robert, 46

Papadimitriou, Eleftheria, 35Patacci, Marco, 45Perner, Melissa, 41Piasentin, Angelo, 70Pierdominici, Simona, 73

Pirrung, Michael, 53Pola-Símuta, Cosme, 32Pozsgai, Emília, 47Pudlo, Dieter, 52

Queitsch, Matthias, 28, 29, 39, 40

Rühaak, Wolfram, 49, 69Ramos-Ledezma, Andrés, 32Reicherter, Klaus, 36Rembe, Michael, 72Riller, Ulrich, 33, 34Rochlitz, Raphael, 29, 39Rodríguez-Saavedra, Pedro, 32Rohn, Joachim, 75Rudersdorf, Andreas, 36

Sass, Ingo, 49, 69Sattler, Sabine, 42Sauter, Martin, 59Scharfenberg, Lars, 74Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena, 24Schiffler, Markus, 28, 40Schmid-Beurmann, Peter, 55Schmitt, Douglas R., 73Schwarze, Cornelius, 68Seifert, Thomas, 27Sosa, Graciela, 59Stadt, N., 72Stollhofen, Harald, 30Stolz, Ronny, 28, 29, 39, 40Strauß, Harald, 58Strecker, Manfred, 31Sudo, Masafumi, 31

ter Voorde, Marlies, 38Toscani, Giovanni, 44Totsche, Kai Uwe, 57, 58Treviño-Cázares, Adalberto , 32

Urai, Janos L., 51

van Balen, Ronald, 38van den Kerkhof, Alfons, 59Viereck, Lothar, 57, 58Voigt, Thomas, 52Vollbrecht, Axel, 59von Eynatten, Hilmar, 47

Author index 79

von Hagke, Christoph, 21, 23, 30Vuillemin, Aurèle, 60

Walker, Richard, 22Walther, Marc, 42Warsitzka, Michael, 26Wehrl, Michael, 75Wickert, Andy, 31Wiegand, Bettina, 59Wiersberg, Thomas, 57Wischhöfer, Philipp, 56

Yutsis, Vsevolod, 32

Zeibig, Silvio, 27Zeilinger, Gerold, 31

80 Author index

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