1. Seed production and delivery strategies ingroundnut in India

2. Seed access points to farmers Informal Own-saved seed Neighboring farmers/relatives (cash, loan, exchange and barter) Local traders/local markets (local produce as seed) Private seed companies Formal DoA Public seed sector (NSC, SSCs, SFCI) SAUs KVKs Oilseeds growers federations 3. Steps required to improvelegumes seed situation in IndiaInformal seed sector Training in ICM Training in seed production, processing andstorage Quality control Fair trade practices 4. Steps required to improvelegumes seed situation in IndiaFormal seed sector NSBS FS CS BS FS and FS CS certification by SSCA BS FS link often weak (by PSSA, DoA, SAUs; lackof accountability) FS CS link very weak (by farmers; poor crophusbandry, cumbersome certification process, opento malpractices) 5. New seed system models Informal seed system The PDKV model (Fig 1) Seed village model (Fig 2)Formal seed system Seed business incubation model (Fig 3) Seed farmers cooperative society model (Fig 4)Semi-formal seed system Variants of seed village model 6. Fig 1. The PDKV model of seed production (Informal seed system) Sources of seed of a new cultivar in India SAUs National institutions ICRISAT Obtain minimum 2 kg good quality SSCs pods from any source to raise Stage-I Private seed companies seed multiplication plot Progressive farmers2 kg pods obtained from the selected true to type plants every year from Stage-III commercial plotIII IIIFor marketing 1 ha I = Stage-I seed multiplication plot: 0.01 ha 1% of 1 ha expected area under new cultivar. II = Stage-II seed multiplication plot: 0.10 ha 10% of 1 ha expected area under new cultivar (seed comes from Stage-I). III = Stage-III commercial plot for marketing: 0.89 ha (approximately 0.89 to 1 ha) area shall be covered with quality seed every 3rd year / 3rd cropping season. 7. Fig 2. Seed village model (Informal seed system)FPVS / Capacity Farmers Associations / SAUs building NGOs / SHGsSearch for varietiesBasic seed of FPVProblem identificationSeedCapacityvillageSeed ExchangebuildingProcurement of seed Traders / Seed Distribution of seedsAdjacent villages processors 8. Fig 3. Seed business incubation model (Formal seed system) ABI-ICRISAT (Mentor) Implementing partners SAUs / ICRISAT (Hand holding support) (Quality control,DoA, NSCs, SSCs etc. monitoring and capacity(Infrastructure support,building)seed procurement and marketing)Seed business venture (Seed production,processing andmarketing) SSCAs(Seed certification) Seed farmers (Seed production) 9. Fig 4. Seed farmers cooperative society model (Formal seed system) DoARegistrar of thecooperativesociety Allocation of Breeder seed asper GoI guidelines,distribution of RegistrationCertified seedSAUsSeed farmerscooperative societies Supply of Breeder seed, monitoring,One time grant for capacity building establishmentand consultative servicesQuality controlMarketing boardSSCAs 10. Lessons learnt Rainfed agriculture (delayed onset ofmonsoon, drought) distress sale of seedas commercial grain Govt. to intervene Community seed banks at village / blocklevel (seed mortgage) Quality control in informal seed sector Seed production under assured growingconditions Simplification of certification andprocessing requirements in legumes SRR and VRR Knowledge empowerment of farmers 11. Up-gradation of seed production infrastructure Linked with resources fromICRISAT other projects operating atpartner locations Types of infrastructure /facilities created: Threshingyard / Drying floor, Up-Tamil Nadugradation of irrigation source,Seed stores, Implement shed,Green plant threshers,Trucks / Jeeps, Tractor andfarm implements, Seedprocessing machinery 12. Seed production (2008/09 cropping season) Quantity produced (t) Crop StateNo. of NS BSFSCSTLvarieties GN Tamil32.68.933.8146.92.3NaduKarnataka42.7 172.9 160.0 680.0 200.0/ DharwadKarnataka51.5 - - 30.0-/ RaichurICRISAT5 -28.6- -3.3Total 10.7 210.4193.8 856.9 210.6 13. Farmer-friendly literature Tamil 1. Groundnut seed production manual 2. Improved package of practices for groundnut 3. Tips to produce quality seed in groundnut 4. Techniques to overcome loss of seed viability in rabi / summer groundnut 5. Groundnut variety ICGV 87846 Kannada 1. Groundnut seed production manual 2. Improved production technology for groundnut 3. Leaflets on new varieties English (ICRISAT) 1. Obtaining sustainable higher groundnut yields: Principles and practices of cultivation 2. Groundnut seed production manual 3. Tips for groundnut seed production 4. Groundnut variety ICGV 91114 5. Management of Bruchid in groundnut 14. Training in seed production technology State /No. ofNo. of participants DistrictTrainings Men WomenTotalTamil Nadu Namakkal 717671247Erode815956215Tmalai410115116Total19 436 142578Karnataka Bagalkot 243 7 50Raichur5200 -200Chitradurga4311 131442Total11 554 138692 15. Public awareness activities StateMediumContentDate / Period Tamil Nadu Print Improved cultural practices in May 2008groundnutMakkal TV Improved cultivation practices 10 Jun 2008in groundnutAIR, Coimbatore High yielding groundnut2 Jul 2008varietiesPothigai TV Groundnut variety ICGV 87846 5 Jan 2009Makkal TV Groundnut variety ICGV 87846 25 May 2009AIR, Coimbatore High yielding groundnut15 Jun 2009varietiesDoordarshan TVHigh yielding groundnut12 Mar 2009varieties KarnatakaPrint Seed treatment in groundnutJun/Jul 2008DD TV Question and answer session15 Jan 2009Print New groundnut varieties11 Jun 2009 16. Thank You