2/26/14110th Day of School

Learning goal (7.L.2.2 & 7.L.2.3): I will be able to use a Pedigree to track how a common chronic disease such as heart disease runs in families and are caused by the combined action of multiple genes.Due Today: Late workEvening Assignment: FINISH Genetic Vocabulary chart

St. Baldrick’s Cancer Research Fundraiser

A way you and your family can help fund research to fight childhood cancers:Donate at least $1 dollar to the Hawley Hornets team. Homeroom teachers will collect your donations until Friday.

*** all donations are tax deductible ***

Hawley Hornets TeamDr. BattenShon B.Justice N.Logan JacobiCody WilkinsEthan Batten-Hicks

$200 from Hawley!!!$650 Total raised so far

Do Now

What do you think? Discuss the following with your partner:• The prevalence of rare genetic disorders

caused by a single gene such as cystic fibrosis is 1 in 10,000. The prevalence of more common diseases such as heart disease is 1 in 3.

• Do common diseases like heart disease, diabetes, or colon cancer have a genetic component?

Do Now

What do you think? Discuss the following with your partner:

• The prevalence of rare genetic disorders caused by a single gene such as cystic fibrosis is 1 in 10,000. The prevalence of more common diseases such as heart disease is 1 in 3.

• Do common diseases like heart disease, diabetes, or colon cancer have a genetic component? Yes but differ from genetic disorders in that they are not caused by mutations in a single gene. They result from the combined effects of multiple genes and environmental factors. The inheritance of a common disease is not predictable but a pedigree can be used to estimate an individual’s genetic risk (low, medium, or high) of developing a common disease.

Pick the Risk: The Polygenic Pedigree Challenge

Today’s activity will explore how a common “polygenic” disease (heart disease) is inherited.

You and your partner are a researcher investigating heart disease. There are 6 genes that contribute to heart disease risk. All humans have these 6 genes but inherit slightly different forms of these genes.

Your challenge is to track and record the passage of these 6 genes through generations of a family using a pedigree. Then, predict which members of this family are most likely to develop heart disease.

Materials & Procedure

Materials:• Two cups with pom poms representing the

grandmother and grandfather.• Copy of a pedigree• Colored pencils

Procedures:• Read the directions and follow steps #1-8 as directed.• Label each individual in your pedigree as low,

medium, or high risk.• Choose the genes that represent the son’s wife and

their children.

Group Discussion

1. The grandfather in this family was a “high risk” individual. How many of his children were either medium or high risk individuals? How many of his grandchildren were either medium or high risk?

2. Did the number of “medium risk” & “high risk” individuals decrease or increase over subsequent generations? Why do you think that happened?

3. If a parent is diagnosed with heart disease, does that mean the children will have it also? Defend your answer.

Group Discussion

1. The grandfather in this family was a “high risk” individual. How many of his children were either medium or high risk individuals? How many of his grandchildren were either medium or high risk? Each group will have different results.

2. Did the number of “medium risk” & “high risk” individuals decrease or increase over subsequent generations? Decrease Why do you think that happened? Risk of inheriting heart disease from an affected individual decreases through the generations because it is unlikely that all of the necessary risk factors (genes) will be passed down to less closely related family members.

3. If a parent is diagnosed with heart disease, does that mean the children will have it also? Not necessarily. Defend your answer. Because heart disease does have a genetic component, children of an affected parent have an increased risk of developing heart disease relative to the population at large.

Do Now

McDougall p. C147

Read the two paragraphs from McDougall p. C147 and answer the following on the slip of paper.

1. How is having sickle cell disease detrimental to a person’s health?

2. How could having the sickle cell trait actually be beneficial?

3. Why does sickle cell anemia have the highest incidence in African-American populations?

Sickle Cell Anemiahttp://youtu.be/2CsgXHdWqVs

Sickle Cell Anemia

McDougall p. C146-147

Description: Sickle Cell Anemia is a recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation that deforms the hemoglobin proteins in red blood cells leading to a sickle shape. Symptoms include intense pain, fatigue, stunted growth.

Cause: Sickle cell anemia is caused by a single mutation in the hemoglobin gene on chromosome 11 resulting in a change in the hemoglobin protein.

Inheritance: Sickle cell anemia is a recessive disorder. Patients who carry only one allele for the sickle cell mutation (Ss) are carriers of the sickle cell trait. Only people who inherit two mutated alleles have sickle cell anemia (ss).

Incidence: SCD affects 90,000 to 100,000 Americans. SCD occurs among about 1 out of every 500 Black or African-American births. SCD occurs among about 1 out of every 36,000 Hispanic-American births. SCT occurs among about 1 in 12 Blacks or African Americans. (Source: CDC)

Treatment: There is no cure for sickle cell anemia however you can treat the symptoms. Pain medication, Hydroxyurea (reduces painful crisis), blood transfusions, antibiotics (to prevent infections especially in children).

Sickle Cell Anemia Pedigree

Can you write a story describing this family

Sickle Cell Pedigree

Create a pedigree with the following information:• Both grandmother and grandfather are carriers of the sickle cell

trait. • They have four children –

• Healthy male who marries a woman with the sickle cell trait.• They have a female child who is healthy

• Male who has sickle cell anemia (didn’t marry or have children)

• Male who is a sickle cell carrier (didn’t marry or have children)• Female who also is a sickle cell carrier and marries a man who

has sickle cell anemia• They have male and female children with the sickle cell

trait

Sickle Cell Pedigree

Create a pedigree with the following information:• Both grandmother and grandfather are carriers of the sickle cell trait. • They have four children –

• Healthy male who marries a woman with the sickle cell trait.• They have a female child who is healthy

• Male who has sickle cell anemia (didn’t marry or have children)• Male who is a sickle cell carrier (didn’t marry or have children)• Female who also is a sickle cell carrier and marries a man who

has sickle cell anemia• They have male and female children with the sickle cell trait

Genetics Vocabulary Flashcards due 2/28/14

Acquired Trait

Acquired traitInherited traitSexual reproductionHeredityDNAChromosomeGeneAllele

On the FRONTDefinition/characteristics: A trait or characteristic that is developed or learned through life. Traits you aren’t born with. Traits GENERALLY not controlled by DNA.

Examples: Walking, speaking English, dyed hair, pierced ears,Glasses, skin cancer?

On the BACK

GenotypesPhenotypeDominant RecessiveGregor MendelPea PlantsHuntington’s Disease

Punnett SquareMonohybrid crossHomozygous (Purebred)Heterozygous (Hybrid)MutationGenetic DisorderSickle Cell AnemiaHemoglobinPedigree

Genetics Vocabulary Chart – Due 2/26/14

Word Definition & characteristics

Examples

Inherited trait Traits that you are born with that are passed to you through your parents genes.

Eye color, hair color, widow’s peak

Homozygous A trait where both alleles are identical (purebred).

SS, tt, NN

Genotype Genes an organism has.

Gg, SS, tt

Phenotype Physical traits that are observed or present

Blue eyes, sickle cell anemia

Make a genetics vocabulary word chart as a study guide for your vocabulary quiz on Friday. See some examples below. Include ALL 24 vocabulary words!

Genetics Projects – due 3/21/14

Selective Breeding vs. Genetic ModificationCorn is one of the most manipulated crops. Create a Presentation or Poster comparing traditional selective breeding vs. genetic modification (GMO). Explain the two methods and then show some specific corn varieties/cultivars that were created with each method and how.

Genes associated with inherited traitsWe learned about several common inherited human traits. Pick at least 10 traits to research and which genes control these traits. Include pictures of the traits phenotypes as part of your presentation. You may complete as a Word document or presentation.

Inheritance of Eye ColorCreate a Powerpoint presentation about the genetics of eye color. Include information about the different types of eye color, any genes that are associated with eye color, and how eye color is inherited. In your final slide, explain how YOU inherited your eye color.

Myths of Human GeneticsDr. John McDonald from the University of Delaware has written that many of the inherited traits students learn in genetics class AREN’T really inherited in a simple dominant vs. recessive pattern that is taught. Create a Powerpoint to review his arguments and compare it to what MOST genetics students learn.

Meiosis GameCreate a game to help students learn the steps of meiosis. Students must answer questions about chromosomes, genes, DNA, and meiosis to advance through the stages of meiosis I and meiosis II. You win when you reach the final gamete stage.

Plant GeneticsGrow two different species of plants and create a digital comparison of their phenotype similarities and differences (appearance, size, growth rate, etc). Then research the genetics of the two species summarizing what you find. Include the number of chromosomes and genome size

Expanded Traits SurveyCreate YOUR OWN survey of ten inherited traits. You may use 5 of the ones we did but must include 5 new ones. Sample at least 50 people. Write up your finds as a Research Investigation Article – but with more detailed and thorough sections than we did as a class.

Genetic DisordersCreate a Presentation about a specific genetic disorder. You must include the following information about that disorder: description, signs/symptoms, how it’s inherited or acquired, genes affected (including the mutation if known), incidence, and treatment.

GMOs in the NewsFarmers and scientists use GMOs to create better crops. Write a news article picking a specific GMO and discuss the process, the benefits, and risks of using that GMO

History of GeneticsCreate a timeline about the history of genetic knowledge starting with ancient times (ex. Biblical times) through the present. You must have at least 15 descriptions along the timeline.

Selective Breeding in DogsDog Breeders use selective breeding to improve dog breed. Create a brochure to explain the selective breeding process and use specific examples to show how breeders have gotten new dog breeds.

Pedigree AnalysisCreate a pedigree of at least three generations using a single inherited trait. You must use a REAL family either your own or one you research. Include a Punnett square from each generation to show how that trait was inherited (3 total)

Choose ONE of the following projects to do as a summative MAJOR assessment for the Genetics Unit. Do detailed, quality work to get full credit.

Evening Assignment

Tonight…1. Study for vocabulary quiz!2. Complete late work!3. Genetic project is due March 21st.