22.4 Biomes page 758
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Transcript of 22.4 Biomes page 758
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22.4 Biomes page 758• Key Concepts: What are the six major biomes
found on Earth? What factors determine the type of biome found in an area? What do freshwater and marine ecosystems include?• Key terms: biome, canopy, understory, desert,
grassland, savanna, deciduous tree, coniferous tree, tundra, permafrost, estuary, intertidal zone, neritic zone
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Biomes
• A biome is a group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms• The six major biomes that most
ecologists study are the rain forest, desert, grassland, deciduous forest, boreal forest, and tundra
• It is mostly the climate – temperature and precipitation – in an area that determines its biome.
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Rain forest biomes• Temperate rain forests – have moderate temperatures• Northwestern coast of US receives more than 300 cm of rain per year.
Huge trees grow.
• Tropical rain forests – regions close to the equator• Canopy – leafy roof area• Second layer – understory• Forest floor
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Desert biomes• Deserts are areas that receive less than 25 cm of
rain per year • The amount of evaporation in a desert is greater
than the precipitation. • Often undergo shifts in temperature from day to
night
• Organisms have to be accustomed to little rain and huge temperature differences
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Grassland biomes• Prairies• Temperatures are more comfortable than
the desert• Gets more rain, but not enough for trees to
grow• Area that is populated mostly by grasses
and other non-woody plants• Most receive 25 to 75 cm of rain per year
• Savannas receive 120 cm of rain per year and are located close to the equator
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Deciduous forest biomes
• Deciduous trees – trees that shed their leaves and grow new ones each year. Oaks and maples for example. • Forests receive enough rain to support
tree growth, at least 50 cm per year. • Temps vary greatly• A lot of wildlife, but not during the
winter.
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Boreal forest biomes
• Colder climates• Boreal forest plants – coniferous trees – trees that produce their
seeds in cones and have leaves shaped like needles. • Boreal forest is sometimes referred to by its Russian name, the taiga. • Trees are well adapted to cold• Animals – eat the seeds produced by the coniferous trees.
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Tundra biomes• Tundra – extremely cold and dry biome. May receive
no more precipitation than a desert. Most of the soil in the tundra is frozen all year. The frozen soil is called permafrost.
• Tundra plants – mosses, grasses, shrubs
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Mountains and ice
• Some places are covered year round with ice, like mountain ranges.• These areas are not considered part of any particular biome.
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Freshwater ecosystems
• Freshwater ecosystems include streams, rivers, ponds and lakes.
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Marine Ecosystems
• Estuary – found where fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean• Marine ecosystems include estuaries, intertidal zones, neritic zones,
and the open ocean.
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Intertidal zones
• The area between the highest high-tide line and the lowest low-tide line. • Organisms survive pounding waves and sudden changes in water
levels and temperatures.
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Neritic Zones
• Below the low-tide is a region of shallow water which extends over the continental shelf. • Photosynthesis can occur here.
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Open Oceans
• Light penetrates only a few hundred meters deep. • The deep zone is located below the surface zone. The deep zone is
almost totally dark.