2/23/2018 SesamoidDisorders: Painful for Everyone...2018/02/09  · –Avgf/u of 35 months •22/24...

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2/23/2018 1 Sesamoid Disorders: Painful for Everyone Gregory C Berlet, MD FRCS(C), FAOA Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Columbus, Ohio Columbus, Ohio orthofootankle.com Robert B Anderson MD Titletown Sports Medicine and Orthopedics Green Bay Wisconsin Disclosures Consultant/Speaker Bureau/Royalties/ Stock: Wright Medical, Stryker, ZimmerBiomet, DJO, Plasmology 4 , Amniox Medical, United Orthopedic Group, Paragon 28, CrossRoads, Ossio 20 year old Female Colleagiate soccer athlete 6 month history of pain in the ball of her foot Swelling, pain and inability to run

Transcript of 2/23/2018 SesamoidDisorders: Painful for Everyone...2018/02/09  · –Avgf/u of 35 months •22/24...

Page 1: 2/23/2018 SesamoidDisorders: Painful for Everyone...2018/02/09  · –Avgf/u of 35 months •22/24 returned to sporting activities –Average of 11.4 months •Mean pain improvement

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Sesamoid Disorders:Painful for Everyone

Gregory C Berlet, MD FRCS(C), FAOAOrthopedic Foot and Ankle 

Columbus, Ohio

Columbus, Ohioorthofootankle.com

Robert B Anderson MDTitletown Sports Medicine and Orthopedics 

Green Bay Wisconsin 

Disclosures

• Consultant/Speaker Bureau/Royalties/ Stock: Wright Medical, Stryker, ZimmerBiomet, DJO, Plasmology4, Amniox Medical, United Orthopedic Group, Paragon 28, CrossRoads, Ossio

20 year old Female

• Colleagiate soccer athlete

• 6 month history of pain in the ball of her foot

• Swelling, pain and inability to run

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Clinical Findings

• Pain localized to tibial sesamoid

• Some local swelling

• Good ROM and stability

Fracture or Bi‐Partite ?

Bipartite:

– 20‐40% incidence– Bilateral 60‐80%

Fracture:

– Tibial >Fibular– Larger and more prone to injury 

Fracture vs Bi‐Partite 

• Fracture tends to be at the waist, jagged edges

• Bipartite often rounded sclerotic edges and may be distal or proximal 1/3

• Comparison views helpful

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MRI / Bone Scan / CT

Cold and No Edema = Bipartite 

Tibial Sesamoid Stress Fracture

• Young athlete

• Fairly profound disability despite 6 months non operative care:

– Boot walker x 2 months

– Orthotic with mortons extension

– Attempt to return to sport failed

Audience Poll: Recommendations for Tx

1. Further immobilization 

2. Sesamoid ORIF

3. Sesamoid bone grafting

4. Partial sesamoidectomy

5. Medial sesamoidectomy

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Operative Treatment Indications

• Failure of conservative treatment

• Pain/tenderness ‐ localized to one sesamoid

• Diagnostic studies identify abnormality that correlates with pain

Partial Sesamoidectomy

Biedert et al (2003):

• 5 pts with proximal pole sesamoidectomy for non‐union

• 100% good to excellent, one with restriction of sports activities

Anderson ( personal communication):

• Perform for fractures <25% of total

Bierdert R, Hintermann B: FAI 24(2), 2003

Our Choice: Sesamoid Bone Grafting

Why ?

• Sesamoid stress fracture nonunion

• Fragments healthy

• Minimal diastasis

• Young patient 

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Sesamoid Bone Grafting 

• Medial approach

• Fracture identified on plantar surface after plantar shaving

• Articular surface intact

• Local bone graft 

• No internal fixation

Sesamoid Bone Grafting 

Tips and Tricks:

• Plantar shaving to decrease plantar load and expose the fracture

• Local bone graft from metatarsal head

Sesamoid Bone Grafting

Anderson/McBryde (1997):

• 21 tibial hallux sesamoid stress fracture nonunions

• 19 radiographically healed

• Avg. 12 weeks to union

• 20/21 returned to athletics

Anderson RB and McBryde A: FAI 18(5), 1997 

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Sesamoid Bone Grafting ‐ Example

• Postop CT–Union at 16 weeks

Our Patient

• Healed CT at 12 months

• But… continued pain 

• RBA: “ majority of patients received concomitant relief of symptoms”

Anderson RB and McBryde A: FAI 18(5), 1997 

Our Patient

• Healed CT at 12 months

• But… continued pain 

• RBA: “ majority of patients received concomitant relief of symptoms”

Anderson RB and McBryde A: FAI 18(5), 1997 

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Persistent Pain

Differential Diagnosis:

• Plantar plate ligament instability

• Sesamoid arthritis

• Sesamoid instability / Bunion

• Lateral sesamoiditis / fracture

Back to Some Imaging

Pre bone grafting

Now

My Plan 

• Medial sesamoidectomy

– Remove the pain generator

• DSTP

– Balance the lateral sesamoid back into the cristae

• Reconstruct the medial plantar plate

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Consequences ! 

• Effect of sesamoidresection on FHB push‐off strength

– Tibial:   10%

– Fibular:   16%

– Both:    30%

Apner RL, Saltzman DL, Brown TD: FAI 15(9), 1994

Sesamoidectomy Approach

• Goal: Preserve or restore the anatomy

• Tibial: medial approach

• Fibular: plantar approach

Medial Sesamoidectomy

• Medial approach

• Identify and protect medial plantar nerve

• Protect FHL centrally

• Shell out from plantar

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Reconstruct the Defect 

• Abductor HallucisTendon Transfer

• Transfer into defect 

• Secure to the proximal phalanx base

Indications for Abd Transfer

• Large defect that cannot be primarily closed

• Concern about hallux valgus

• Need for flexion power

Surgical Technique 

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Good not Great Operation

Sesamoidectomy Results:

• Mann et al, 1985

• Leventen, 1991

• Brodsky, 1991/1999

• Mann and Coughlin, 1993

• Lee et al, 2005

Athletes and Sesamoidectomy

Bichara et al (2012):

• 24 medial sesamoidectomies– Avg f/u of 35 months

• 22/24 returned to sporting activities– Average of 11.4 months

• Mean pain improvement from 6.2 to 0.7

• One patient developed hallux valgus

Bichara DA, Henn RF, Theodore GH: FAI 33(9), 2012

Deformity after Sesamoidectomy

• Nayfa et al ( 1982):–19 tibial sesamoidectomies–8 of 19 (42.1%) developed a hallux valgus

deformity (post-operative Δ of HVA >8°)

–Recommended an adjunctive procedure when performing a tibial sesamoidectomy

Nayfa TM, Sorto LS: JAPA 72(112), 1982

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Postop sesamoidectomy

• Non‐WB  x 2 weeks

• Maintain hallux alignment/protect in boot for 6‐8 weeks

• 3months – orthosis/tape protection for recreation

Our Patient

• Pain reduction is significant

• Bunion is improved

• Return to sport at 6 months 

Sesamoid Fractures

Take Home Points:

• Imaging helps distinguish between bipartite and fracture

• Don’t be quick to operate

• Partial sesamoidectomy only for small proximal pieces (<25%)

CONCLUSIONS

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Sesamoid Fractures

Take Home Points:

• FHB must be restored for power and balance

• In medial sesamoidectomy consider abdhallicus transfer

• Do not overpromise with sesamoids – a good operation , not a great one !

CONCLUSIONS

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