2.2.3 soft tissue injuries

OBJECTIVES

• Describe the different types of soft tissue injuries

• Describe the principles of sterile dressing

• Explain field care for various types of injuries

• Apply proper First Aid for soft tissue injuries

SCOPE

• INTRODUCTION TO WOUNDS

• TYPES OF SOFT TISSUE INJURIES– CLOSED WOUNDS– OPEN WOUNDS

• PRINCIPLES OF STERILE DRESSING

• FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT (PRACTICAL)

• CONCLUSION

WHAT IS A WOUND?

Types of wounds :

• Open Wound

• Closed Wound

A break in the continuity of soft tissue (flesh)

CLOSED WOUNDS

WARNING! The following slides contain (OR may contain) pictures of shocking

nature

CONTUSION

HEMATOMA

OPEN WOUNDS

Break in the skin

Risk of infection

Open wounds can be classified according to the object that caused the wound, and the severity of the wound. Some examples of open wounds are:

• Small cuts / Grazes• Incisions / Incised Wound• Lacerations• Abrasions• Penetration Wounds (Impaled Objects)

Procedure for Treatment of Small Cuts and Grazes

• Wash your hands thoroughly, and put on disposable gloves if available.

• Apply pressure with a clean piece of cloth to stop the bleeding

• If the wound is dirty, clean the wound by rinsing lightly under running tap water

• The best way to remove superficial pieces of glass or grit is with tweezers if you have them.

• Wipe away the water with a piece of clean cloth/ tissue paper.

• Do not cough or sneeze over the wound and avoid touching the wound directly.

• Apply the plaster.

• If there is a special risk of infection, advise the casualty to see a doctor.

Pointers to take note of

• Use each plaster only once.

• Store the plaster in a cool dry place.

• Do not use if package is damaged.

• Do not use after expiry date.

Pointers to take note of

• A cut might become infected if it is not washed and cleaned.

• If the bleeding is severe and cannot be stopped, send the victim to a doctor immediately.

ABRASION

LACERATION

INCISION

AVULSION

PARTS of FAD

STERILE PADDING

Shorter End

Longer End

PRINCIPLES OF STERILE DRESSING

FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT

PRIMARY DRESSING

HEAD

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Use FAD 14/15. Place sterile pad on wound,

apply firm & direct

pressure on it throughout procedure.

Use FAD 14/15. Place sterile pad on wound,

apply firm & direct

pressure on it throughout procedure.

The other side before

the ear.

Follow through (slightly below chin),

covering the rest of the sterile pad. (Do not choke victim by tying too

tight)

Criss-cross the

bandages when pad is

fully covered.

Wrap the remaining bandage round his

head (above eyebrow). Make sure

the bandage is wrapped

by the crown of the

head

Tie a reef knot at the top of the pad and

tidy up the dressing

and twirl the ends

together and tuck it underneath the wrap.

Tuck shorter side of the bandage behind ear.


HEAD

SECONDARY DRESSING

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Wrap round head, cross ends of

bandage (at the back) and tie a reef knot once they’re

brought to the front.

Tuck the excess sheet beneath the

wrap.

Tuck the dressing in neatly.


PRIMARY DRESSING SECONDARY DRESSING

EYE

Cross method.

1. 2. 3. 4.

1. 2.

Shorter side goes above ear.

Longer side

below.

Do not cover the other eye.

Use FAD 13. Place sterile pad on wound, apply firm & direct pressure on it

throughout procedure.

Use FAD 13. Place sterile pad on wound, apply firm & direct pressure on it


Cover both eyes to ‘blind’ both sides so as not to aggravate the pain in the injured eye


PRIMARY DRESSING

SHOULDER

7.

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 8.

Shorter end of bandage remains behind. Longer end will be doing the wrapping.

Wrap around sterile pad (front to back, under the

armpit)

When sterile pad is firmly in place, wrap the bandage

across chest.

And round to the back.

Use FAD 15. Place sterile pad on wound,

apply firm & direct pressure on it


Use FAD 15. Place sterile pad on wound,

apply firm & direct pressure on it


Tie a reef knot directly onto the wounded area.

Tuck ends of remaining bandage in neatly.

Avoid wrapping the shorter end of the dressing.

SECONDARY DRESSING

1.

Apex of triangular bandage facing casualty’s neck.

Wrap bandage round upper arm. Secure bandage in

place with tying a reef knot.

Tuck apex underneath tee shirt (below the primary dressing).

2. 3.

SHOULDER

1. 2.Immobilize injured limb to prevent aggravation.


PRIMARY DRESSING

LEG

1. 2. 3. 4.

Place FAD 15 on the wound. Wrap round the sterile padding

with the longer end of the bandage.

Once sterile padding is

covered, tie a reef directly

over the wounded area.


SECONDARY DRESSING

LEG

1. 2. 3.

Using a broad bandage, wrap it over the FAD and tie a reef knot on the wounded area

(similar to FAD shown earlier)

AMPUTATION

VICTIM• Put on disposable gloves if possible.

• As with other open wounds, the first aider should attempt haemorrhage control for amputation with direct pressure and elevation.

• You should avoid use of tourniquet if possible because the resultant damage can interfere with the reimplantation attempts.

• Reassure the victim.

• Raise the severed limp up.

• Apply sterile dressing ,or an non-fluffy clean pad

AMPUTATION


Amputated part:• Put on glove and wrap the severed part with

plastic bag• Wrap the package in gauze or soft fabric and

place in a container full of crushed ice• Mark the container with time of injury and

casualty name . Pass the container to the emergency personnel yourself.

• DO NOT allow the amputated part to come into contact with moisture.

AMPUTATION



PRIMARY DRESSING

AMPUTATION

1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

Raise amputated limb to reduce

blood loss.

Place FAD 14 or 15 directly on the amputated limb.

Wrap around the limb as shown in the diagrams with the longer end of the

bandage.Tie both the shorter and the longer ends

of the bandage.


SECONDARY DRESSING

AMPUTATION

1. 2. 3.

If the bleeding cannot be stopped by the first layer of FAD, add another layer of FAD on top of the first layer.

Using a broad triangular bandage wrap

amputated limb.

Twirl excess bandage and tuck it into the

wrap.

IMPALED OBJECT


IMPALED OBJECT

1.

2. 3. 4.

5. 6.

Unwrap 2 FAD 13 and place them upright- locking the impaled object in position.

2 narrow-fold bandages to be looped in opposite directions.

Tie the ends of one bandage together with the ends of the other

bandage.Be wary of the impaled object- make sure it is not being shifted when you’re attending to it.

EVISCERATION


Protruding Intestines

(Evisceration)

Using a triangular (narrow) bandage make a ring pad (donut shape) and place it round the

protruding intestines.

Place FAD 15 on the wound. Wrap round the moistened sterile padding with the longer end of the

bandage.

In supine position, knees have to be bent to prevent the

stretching/tensing of the intestines.

PRIMARY DRESSING

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6.


Protruding Intestines

(Evisceration)

Fold the triangular bandage into half, and wrap it round

the FAD.

SECONDARY DRESSING

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

Ring Pad (Donut)

Form a loop in the middle of the

triangular bandage

Wrap both ends around the loop. Tuck in any

excess.

Question 1Question 1

Question 2Question 2

Conclusion

• It is important for trainees to be able to differentiate the types of soft tissue injuries and to be able to provide proper first aid dressing.

2.2.3 soft tissue injuries

Education

Transcript of 2.2.3 soft tissue injuries