22.3 Seed Plants. What are seeds? Every seed contains a living plant ready to sprout as soon as it...
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Transcript of 22.3 Seed Plants. What are seeds? Every seed contains a living plant ready to sprout as soon as it...
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22.3 Seed Plants
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What are seeds?
Every seed contains a living plant ready to sprout as soon as it encounters the proper conditions for growth.
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Seed Parts
Seeds allow plants to reproduce without water.
Parts Seed Coat - protects the embryo Cotyledon - inside seed, used to absorb food from
endosperm for the developing plant embryo Monocots (1 cotyledon) vs. Dicots (2 cotyledons)
Embryo- baby plant; has tiny root, stem and cotyledons (develop into leaves)
Endosperm – built in food supply for the seed.
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Germination of Seeds
Germination - development of embryo inside seed into a new plant with proper environment.
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Seed DispersalMovement of seeds for germination
By wind, water, animals eating fruits and depositing seeds or carrying seeds on fur
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Types of Seed Producing Plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
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Gymnosperms Plants that produce “Naked” seeds (exposed on the scales
of cones) can reproduce without free-standing water, via
pollination
– ADAPTATIONS– Seeds (embryo & food supply)
– seeds allow plants to disperse to new places
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Gymnosperms do have naked seeds (not enclosed by a fruit).
CYCADS
CONIFERS
GINKGOS
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Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) – Adaptations:
– Vascular tissue– Flowers (reproductive
structure)– Seeds develop within
ovaries– Fruit - ripened ovary
Vascular Plant Crash Course
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Pollen
In seed producing plants: Male gamete is called a pollen grain.
Pollen grains are carried wind or animals to the female reproductive structure = pollination.
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Pollination Pollination - is the transfer of pollen from the male
reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure.
Types of Pollination Wind or animals.
Wind is far less efficient – So these plants rely on high a volume of pollen to ensure pollination.
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Structure of a Flower
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There are both male and female parts in flowers!!
Female Part = Pistil – Includes three parts: stigma, style, and ovary Stigma – sticky surface at the top of the pistil; traps and holds
the pollen Style – tube-like structure that holds up the stigma Ovary – has the seeds inside and turns into the part of fruit
that we eat Ovule – part of the ovary that becomes the seed
.
Structure of a Flower
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Structure of a Flower
Male Part = Stamen – Includes two parts: the anther and filament. Anther – part of the stamen that is located at the end of the
filament. produces/contains pollen Filament – Part of the stamen that supports the anther Pollen Grain – Produced in the anther. Is the male gamete in
flowers.
Sepal – Protected the flower when it was in bud
Petal – Attract pollinators
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The Structure of Flowers
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Flower Structure
Sepals and Petals
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Flower Structure
Stamens = filament and anther Anthers – produce pollen grains
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Flower Structure
Pistil = Stigma, Style, and Ovary Ovules – located inside the ovary – develop into seeds
after pollination.
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Perfect Vs. Imperfect Flowers
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Two Classes of Angiosperms Monocot & Dicot
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lily
grass
Oak tree
Cherry Tree
Monocots and Dicots