22 o;a; /ia lsÍu yd ksrEmKh
Transcript of 22 o;a; /ia lsÍu yd ksrEmKh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'PB fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 121
22 o;a; /ia lsÍu yd ksrEmKh
fuu mdvu wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"
● m%.Kk ,l=Kq Ndú; lrkafkaa o;a; igyka lsÍug iy
● j.= iy Ñ;% m%ia;dr u.ska o;a; ksrEmKh lsÍug
yelshdj ,efí'
22'1 m%.Kk ,l=Kq Ndú; lrñkaa o;a; igyka lsÍu
tla;rd ld¾hd,hl r: .d,la ie,iqï lsÍug" idudkH Èkl ld¾hd,hg
meñfKk jdyk ldKav yd ixLHdj fiùug m%§mg iy È,Smg Ndr
fok ,È'
jdykhla meñfKk jdrhla mdid" tu jdykfha meñŒu igyka lsÍug
tu jdykhg wod< jdyk ldKavh bÈßfha bß lene,a,la ^ / & u.ska
rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg i,l=Kq lrkq ,efí' '' / '' hk i,l=K
m%.Kk ,l=K f,i ye¢kafõ'
fuf,i m%§m úiska meñKs jdyk ldKavh iy ixLHdj igyka l<
m;s%ldjla my; olajd we;'
jdyk ldKavh meñŒu" m%.Kk ,l=Kq u.ska
ld¾
jEka
h;=remeÈ
mdmeÈ
fuu m;s%ldfõ tla tla ldKavh bÈßfha we;s bß len,s .Kka lsÍfuka
my; oelafjk j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
jdyk ldKavh meñKs jdyk ixLHdj
ld¾
jEka
h;=remeÈ
mdmeÈ
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'122 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 123
È,Sm úiska jdyk ldKavh iy ixLHdj igyka lrk ,o m;s%ldj my;
oelafõ'
jdyk
ldKavh
meñŒu" m%.Kk ,l=Kq u.ska
ld¾
jEka
h;=remeÈ
mdmeÈ
È,Sm" tla tla ldKavfha iEu miafjks jdykhl u meñŒu oelaùug"
bka fmr ,l=Kq lr ;snQ m%.Kk ,l=Kq 4 lemS hk fia wdldrhg
B,Õ m%.Kk ,l=K ,l=Kq lr we;' tA wkqj u.ska 5la ksrEmKh
flf¾'
mfya f.dvj,a yd b;sß bß len,s .Kka lsÍfuka" meñKs tla tla
ldKavfha jdyk .Kk fidhd" my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
jdyk
ldKavh
meñKs jdyk
ixLHdj
ld¾
jEka
h;=remeÈ
mdmeÈ
j.=j iïmQ¾K lsÍu Tng jvd;a myiq jQfha" Tjqka fofokdf.ka
ljrl=f.a m;s%ldj wkqj o@
m%§mf.a f;dr;=re m;s%ldfõ m%.Kk ,l=Kq tlska tl .Kka lsÍug
jvd" È,Smf.a m%.Kk m;s%ldfõ mfyka myg fjka lr we;s m%.Kk
,l=Kq .Kka lsÍu myiq iy blauka fõ'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'122 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 123
fï wkqj" È,Sm bÈßm;a l< m;%sldj wkqj" tla tla ldKavfha jdyk
ixLHdj we;=<;a l< j.=j my; oelafõ'
jdyk ldKavhmeñŒu" m%.Kk
,l=Kq u.ska
meñKs jdyk
ixLHdj
ld¾
jEka
h;=remeÈ
mdmeÈ
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fï wdldrhg ixLHd u.ska bÈßm;a l< yels f;dr;=re o;a; f,i
i,lkq ,efí' mdi,l Èkm;d meñŒu" frday,l jd¾;d jk ore Wm;a
ixLHdj jeks f;dr;=re o;a; f,i bÈßm;a l< yels h'
22'1 wNHdih
(1) frday,lska ,nd.;a f;dr;=re wkqj" uq,a udi 5 ;=< jd¾;d jQ ore
Wm;a ixLHdj igyka lr .;a m%.Kk j.=jla my; olajd we;'
tla tla udifha ore Wm;aa ixLHdj i|yka lrñka" j.=j iïmQ¾K
lrkak'
udih ore Wm;a" m%.Kk ,l=Kq u.ska ore Wm;a ixLHdj
ckjdß
fmnrjdß
ud¾;=
wfm%a,a
uehs
(2) isiqka 36la isák 6 fY%a‚fha mka;shl" tla tla <uhdf.a ksjfia
isák idudðlhka ixLHdj my; oelafõ'
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fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'124 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 125
my; i|yka j.=j msgm;a lrf.k by; oela jQ f;dr;=re tys ksrEmKh
lrkak'
ksjil isák
idudðlhka ixLHdj
wod< ksjdi
m%.Kk ,l=Kq u.skaksjdi ixLHdj
23456
(3) mka;shl isák isiqka ;siamia fokl=" we.hSul § ,nd .;a ,l=Kq
my; j.=fõ olajd we; ^tu we.hSu i|yd isiqjl=g ,nd .; yels
jeä u ,l=Kq ixLHdj 10 fõ&'
,nd.;a ,l=Kq tu ,l=Kq ,nd.;a isiqka ixLHdj" m%.Kk ,l=Kq u.ska
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7g wvq
(i) ,l=Kq 10 ne.ska ,nd.;a isiqka .Kk lSh o@
(ii) jeäfhka isákafka ,l=Kq 8 lg jvd ,nd.;a isiqka o@ ms<s;=rg
fya;=j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(4) úoHdj m%Yak m;%hlg isiqka y;,sia fokl= ,nd.;a ,l=Kq m%udK my;
oelafõ ̂fuu we.hSu i|yd isiqjl=g ,nd .; yels jeä u ,l=Kq ixLHdj
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fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'124 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 125
tu f;dr;=re m%.Kk ,l=Kq weiqfrka my; j.=fõ olajkak'
,l=Kqm<uq ;Srfha we;s ,l=Kq ,nd .;a
isiqka" m%.Kk ,l=Kq u.ska isiqka ixLHdj
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,l=Kq 10g jvd wvqfjka ,nd.;a <uqka lS fokl= isà o@
22'2 Ñ;% m%ia;dr u.ska o;a; ksrEmKh
tla;rd mdi,l 6 fY%a‚fha bf.kqu ,nk isiqka ;siamia fokl= mdi,g
meñfKk wdldrh ms<sn| f;dr;=re" my; j.=fõ olajd we;'
mdi,g meñfKk
wdldrhisiqka ixLHdj
mhska 11
h;=re meÈfhka 8
nia r:fhka 12
fjk;a l%u u.ska 4
fuu j.=fjys oelafjk o;a; fjk;a wdldrhlska my; olajd we;'
mhska
h;=re meÈfhka
nia r:fhka
fjk;a l%u u.ska
i,l=Kq tllska tla isiqjl= ksrEmKh fõ'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'126 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 127
fujeks o;a; ksrEmKhla Ñ;% m%ia;drhla f,i ye¢kafõ' Ñ;% m%ia;drfha
Ndú; lrk i,l=Kq tllska ksrEmKh jkafka fldmuKla o hkak
i|yka l< hq;= hs'
whsial%Sï fjf<kaol= i;sfha Èk 5la ;=<" tla tla Èkfha wf,ú l<
whsiam,ï ixLHdj my; j.=fõ oelafõ' fuu j.=fjys oelafjk o;a;
Ñ;% m%ia;drhlska olajkak'
fuu f;dr;=re Ñ;% m%ia;drhlska ksrEmKh lrkafka flfia oehs oeka
wms n,uq' tA i|yd iqÿiq i,l=Kla f;dard .ekSu;a" tla i,l=Klska
whsiam,ï lShla ksrEmKh lrkafka oehs ;SrKh lsÍu;a m<uq j l<
hq;= fõ'
tA i|yd i,l=K f,i wms f;dard .ksuq' B<Õg" tu i,l=Kq tllska
ksrEmKh jk whsiam,ï ixLHdj ;SrKh lruq'
whsia m,ï 1la" i,l=Kq tllska ksrEmKh l< fyd;a" whsiam,ï
144la oelaùug fuu i,l=Kq 144la weÈh hq;= fõ' fuh wmyiq ksid"
tla i,l=Klska whsiam,ï lsysmhla ksrEmKh lsÍu iqÿiq fõ'
fuys we;s ixLHd ish,a, b;sß ke;sj fnÈh yels ixLHd úuid n,uq'
tAjd 2ka" 3ka" 4ka" 6ka" 12ka fnfoa' tla i,l=Klska whsiam,ï 2laa
ksrEmKh l< úg" 144 ksrEmKh lsÍug i,l=Kq 72la we¢h hq;= fõ'
th o wmyiq ld¾hhls' tu ksid wvq i,l=Kq ixLHdjlska úYd, w.hla
ksrEmKh lsÍug hk i,l=Kq tllska whsiam,ï 12la ksrEmKh
lsÍu jvd;a iqÿiq fõ'
ksoiqk 1
Èkh whsiam,ï ixLHdj
i÷od 72
wÕyrejdod 120
nodod 144
n%yiam;skaod 60
isl=rdod 132
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'126 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 127
tla tla Èkfha § úl=KQ whsiam,ï ixLHdj ksrEmKh lsÍug wjYH
i,l=Kq .Kk fiùug" tu tla tla Èkfha wf,ú l< whsiam,ï
.Kk 12ka fnÈh hq;= h'
tA wkqj"
i÷od wf,úh ksrEmKh lrk i,l=Kq .Kk = 72 ÷ 12 = 6
wÕyrejdod wf,úh ksrEmKh lrk i,l=Kq .Kk = 120 ÷ 12 = 10
nodod wf,úh ksrEmKh lrk i,l=Kq .Kk = 144 ÷ 12 = 12
n%yiam;skaod wf,úh ksrEmKh lrk i,l=Kq .Kk = 60 ÷ 12 = 5 isl=rdod wf,úh ksrEmKh lrk i,l=Kq .Kk = 132 ÷ 12 = 11
oeka wms Ñ;% m%ia;drh u.ska o;a; ksrEmKh lruq'
i÷od
wÕyrejdod
nodod
n%yiam;skaod
isl=rdod
i,l=Kq tllska whsiam,ï 12la ksrEmKh fõ'
ksoiqk 2
mdi,l ksjdidka;r l%Svd ;r.hl §" l%Svd biõ lsysmhla i|yd mqyqKq
jk <uqkaf.a ixLHdj my; j.=fõ oelafõ'
;r.h <uqka ixLHdj
Odjk ;r. 144
msáfha ;r. 90
oe,amkaÿ 60
fjd,sfnda,a 42
l%slÜ 48
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'128 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 129
fuu f;dr;=re Ñ;% m%ia;drhlska olajkak'
fuu o;a; ksrEmKhg iqÿiq i,l=Kla ;SrKh lr .ekSug;a" tla
i,l=Klska lSsfokl= ksrEmKh lrkafka oehs ;SrKh lsÍug;a uQ,sl
j wmg isÿ fõ' m<uq j tla i,l=Klska isiqka lSsfokl= ksrEmKh l<
yels oehs úuid n,d" tA wkqj Ñ;%h f;dard .ksuq'
fuys oelafjk ixLHdj,ska 144" 60 iy 48 hk ixLHd 4" 6 iy 12 hk
ixLHdj,ska fnfoa' bka úYd,u w.h jQ" 12 f;dard .ekSu iqÿiq oehs
úuid n,uq'
● Odjk ;r. i|yd i,l=Kq .Kk = 144 ÷ 12 = 12
● msáfha ;r. i|yd i,l=Kq .Kk = 90 ÷ 12 = 7 hs b;sß 6hs'
fuys b;sßh 12ka nd.hls'
● oe,amkaÿ i|yd i,l=Kq .Kk 60 ÷ 12 = 5
● fjd,sfnda,a i|yd i,l=Kq .Kk = 42 ÷ 12 = 3 hs b;sß 6hs'
fuys o b;sßh 12 ka nd.hls'
● l%slÜ i|yd i,l=Kq .Kk = 48 ÷ 12 = 4
fï wkqj" nd.hla o meyeÈ,sj oelaúh yels jkfia iqÿiq i,l=Kla
f;dard .ksuq'
ta i|yd i,l=K" <uhs 12la ksrEmKh lsÍu i|yd f;dard .ksuq'
i,l=Kq tllska <uqka 12fokl= ksrEmKh lr we;'
Odjk ;r.
msáfha ;r.
oe,a mkaÿ
fjd,sfnda,a
l%slÜ
túg 6la tkï 12 ka nd.hla ksrEmKh i|yd bka wvla jk rEmh
fhdod .; yels h'
oeka wms Ñ;% m%ia;drh u.ska o;a; ksrEmKh lruq'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'128 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 129
tla;rd fmr mdi,l miq.sh jir my ;=< isá YsIH ixLHdjka my; i|yka j.=fõ oelafõ'
fuu f;dr;=re Ñ;% m%ia;drhlska olajkak'
j.=fõ oelafjk f;dr;=re Ñ;% m%ia;drhlska oelaùfï §" tla Ñ;%hlska
isiqka lSfokl= ksrEmKh lrkafka oehs m<uq j fidhuq'
ksoiqk 3
j¾Ih YsIH ixLHdj
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tA i|yd wms ir, u ixfla;hla f;dard .ksuq' th my; oelafõ'
iïmQ¾K jD;a;fhka '' '' isiqka 4 fokl= ksrEmKh lruq'
tA wkqj" isiqka fofokl= ksrEmKh lsÍug jD;a;fhka nd.hla fhdod
.; yels h'
isiqka ;sfokl= ksrEmKh lsÍug jD;a;fhka ;=ka ld,la fhdod .;
yels h'
tla isiqjl= ksrEmKh lsÍug jD;a;fhka ld,la fhdod .; yels h'
u.ska isiqka fofokl= ksrEmKh lr we;'
u.ska tla isiqjl= ksrEmKh lr we;'
u.ska isiqka ;=kafokl= ksrEmKh lr we;'
oeka tla tla j¾Ifha YsIH ixLHdj ksrEmKh lsÍug wjYH rEm .Kk
fidhuq'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'130 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 131
j¾Ih i,l=Kq f;dard .ekSu
2009 20 ÷ 4 = 5 neúka" jD;a; 5hs'
201018 ÷ 4 = 4 hs b;sß 2hs' tneúka" jD;a; 4la iy jD;a;fhka
nd.hla'
201121 ÷ 4 = 5 hs b;sß 1hs' tneúka" jD;a; 5la iy jD;a;fhka
ld,la'
201226 ÷ 4 = 6 hs b;sß 2hs' tneúka" jD;a; 6la iy jD;a;fha
nd.hla'
201327 ÷ 4 = 6 hs b;sß 3hs' tneúka" jD;a; 6la iy jD;a;fhka
;=ka ld,la'
oeka wms" tu i,l=Kq fhdod .ksñka § we;s o;a; Ñ;% m%ia;drhlska
olajuq'
i,l=Kq tllska ksrEmKh jk YsIH ixLHdj 4ls'
j¾Ih YsIH ixLHdj
2009
2010
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2013
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'130 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 131
22'2 wNHdih
(1) i;sfha Èk 5la ;=<" ;eme,a ld¾hd,hlg ,shdmÈxÑ ;emEf,ka
heùug ,enqKq ,sms ixLHdj my; j.=fõ oelafõ'
Èkh ,sms ixLHdj
i÷od 20
wÕyrejdod 26
nodod 32
n%yiam;skaod 30
isl=rdod 42
,sms 8la iqÿiq i,l=Kq tllska ksrEmKh lrñka by; f;dr;=re Ñ;%
m%ia;drhla u.ska ksrEmKh lrkak'
(2) my; j.=fõ oelafjkafka" tla;rd meh lsysmhla ;=< .kqfokq lsÍug
nexl=jlg meñ‚ .kqfokqlrejkaf.a ixLHdj ms<sn| f;dr;=re h'
fõ,dj
meñ‚ .kqfokqlrejka ixLHdj
uqo,a ,nd.ekSuguqo,a ;ekam;a
lsÍug
fm'j' 9'00 isg fm'j 10'00 olajd 18 12
fm'j' 10'00 isg fm'j 11'00 olajd 30 6
fm'j' 11'00 isg uOHdyaak 12'00
olajd
24 15
uOHdyak 12'00 isg m'j' 1'00
olajd
48 42
m'j 1'00 isg m'j' 2'00 olajd 36 54
(i) .kqfokqlrejka 6la i,l=Kq tllska ksrEmKh flf¾ hehs
is;kak' tu i,l=K fhdod .ksñka uqo,a ,nd .ekSug meñ‚
ixLHdj Ñ;% m%ia;drhlska ksrEmKh lrkak'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'132 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' PB
(ii) uqo,a ;ekam;a lsÍug meñKs .kqqfokqlrejkaf.a ixLHd
ksrEmKhg iïmQ¾K i,l=K muKla m%udKj;a fõ o@ Tfí
ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'
(iii) by; i,l=K o" wjYH kï tu i,l=fKka yß wvla o fhdod
.ksñka uqo,a ;ekam;a lsÍug meñKs ixLHdj ksrEmKh lsÍug
Ñ;% m%ia;drhla w¢kak'
(3) tla;rd l¾udka;Yd,djl fiajlhskaf.a tla Èkl meñKSu jd¾;d
jqKq wdldrh ms<sn| f;dr;=re my; j.=fõ oelafõ'
fõ,dj meñ‚ ixLHdj
fm'j' 7'50 isg fm'j' 8'00 olajd 24
fm'j' 8'00 isg fm'j' 8'10 olajd 20
fm'j' 8'10 isg fm'j' 8'20 olajd 58
fm'j' 8'20 isg fm'j' 8'30 olajd 46
^w& fuu f;dr;=re Ñ;% m%ia;drhlska oelaùug Tn leu;s i,l=Kla
f;dard .kak'
^wd& Tn f;dard.;a"
(i) iïmQ¾K i,l=fKka
(ii) i,l=fKa wvlska
(iii) i,l=fKa ;=kald,la
(iv) i,l=fKa ld,lska
ksrEmKh lrkq ,nk fiajl ixLHdj ,shd olajkak'
^we& tu i,l=K fhdod .ksñka" by; f;dr;=re Ñ;% m%ia;drhlska
ksrEmKh lrkak'
● m%.Kk ,l=Kq igyka lsÍu o;a; /ia lsÍug fhdod .; yels tla
l%uhls'
● /ia lrk ,o o;a; j.= u.ska fyda Ñ;% m%ia;dr u.ska fyda ksrEmKh
l< yels h'
idrdxYh