2.2 Introduction to GSM
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Transcript of 2.2 Introduction to GSM
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GSM Architecture
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GSM-900 System Specifications
Frequency Range : 890 MHz to 915 MHz for Uplink
935 MHz to 960 MHz for Downlink.
Uses TDM / TDMA technology for Downlink / Uplink.
124 Reusable Spot frequencies of 200 kHz bandwidth each.
Each Spot Frequency carries 8 Time slots for Traffic/Signalling.
Separate Logical Signalling & Traffic channels.
Compatible to ISDN & PSPDN.
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GGlobal SSystem forMMobile
New rapidly expanding & successful technology.
Fully Digitized technology for better speech quality.
Available in almost every part of the world.
Fully compatible with existing Fixed Line Network.
Single number operation with World wide Roaming.
Very well defined interfaces makes truly open system
Encryption of user information
Available versions, GSM 900, 1800 & 1900
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GSM Network Architecture
BTS 3
BTS 2
BTS 1
BSC
PSTN N/W
HLR
VLR
AUC
EIR
SMSC
VMSC
MSC
OMC
NSS
BSS
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Mobile Station (MS)
Mobile Station consist of two unitsMobile Hand set Subscriber Identity Module
Mobile Hand set is one of the most complicated
GSM device. It provides user the access to the
Network. Each handset has unique identity no.
called IMEI.
SIM is a removable module goes into the mobile
handset. Each SIM has unique number called
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI).
It has built in Micro-computer & memory into it.
It contains the ROM of 6 to 16KB,RAM of 128 to
256 bytes and EEPROM of 3 to 8KB
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Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
BTS
Antenna
Arrangement
BTS has a set of Transceivers to talk to MS.
One BTS covers one or more than one cell.
Capacity of BTS depends on no of Transceivers.
BTS is connected to BSC via Abis interface.
Transmission rate on Abis is 2 Mbps (G.703).
Interface between MS & BTS is called Air I/f.
Transmission rate on Air interface is 13 Kbps.
BTS controls RF parameters of MS.
Each TRx has 8 TDMA channels to carry Voice & signalling.
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Base Station Controller (BSC)
BSC controls several BTSs.
BSC manages channel allocation, & Handover
of calls from one BTS to another BTS.
BSC is connected to MSC via A interface.
Transmission rate on A I/f is 2 Mbps (G.703).
Interface between BSC & BTS is called Abis I/f.
BSC has database for all of its BTSs parameters.
BSC provides path from MS to MSC.
BSC
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Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
MSC is heart of the entire network connecting Fixed line network to
Mobile network.
MSC manages all call related functions and
Billing information.
MSC is connected to HLR & VLR for subscriber
identification & routing incoming calls.
MSC capacity is in terms of no of subscribers.
MSC is connected to BSC at one end and Fixed
Line network on other end.
Call Detail Record (CDR) is generated for each & every
call in the MSC.
MSC
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Visiting Location Register (VLR)
VLR
MSC
Active Subscriber is registered in VLR.
It has temporary data base of all the active
subscribers used for their call routing.
HLR validates subscriber before registration.
MSC ask VLR before routing incoming call.
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Home Location Register (HLR)
HLR
MSC
All Subscribers data is stored in HLR.
It has permanent data base of all the registered
subscribers.
HLR has series of numbers for all subscribers.
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Authentication Centre (AUC)
HLR
MSC
Authentication is a process to verify the subscriber SIM.
Secret data & verification algorithm are stored in to the
AUC.
AUC & HLR combined to authenticate the subscribers.
Subscriber authentication can be done on every call, if required.
AUC
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Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
EIR
MSC
All subscriber's mobile handset data is stored in EIR.
MSC asks mobile to send it IMEI & then checks it with
data available in EIR.
EIR has different classification for mobile handsetslike, White list, Grey list & Black list.
According to category the MS can make calls or can be
stopped from making calls.
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Operation & Maintenance Centre (OMC)
OMC All the network elements are connected to OMC.
OMC monitors health of all network elements &
carry out maintenance operation, if required.
OMC link to BTSs are via parent BSC.
OMC keeps records of all the faults occurred.
OMC can also do Traffic analysis.
OMC may prepares MIS Report for the network.
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VMSC & SMSC
MSC
SMSC VMSC
Voice Mail Service Centre : To provide Voice Mail service.
It has database for all the VMS subscribers & also stores voice
messages for them.
Short Message Service Centre : To provide text message service.
To send short messages from mobile to another mobile subscriber.
Messages can also be sent by Manual Terminal connected to SMSC.
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Call Processing in GSM 1
BTSBSC PSTN N/WMSC
Mobile Originated Call
Mobile originated calls goes to BTS first & then to BSC.
BSC forwards this call to MSC.
MSC does authentication & call routing as per dialed digits.
If it the call to another mobile subscriber then the process for that
call is same as Mobile Terminated Call as shown in next slide.