21st Century Networking and Applications

Keynote Address

CENIC 2002

San Diego, CA

May 6, 2002

Dr. Larry Smarr

Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies

Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

• Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Grid– Internet Develops Parallel Lambda Backbone– Scalable Distributed Computing Power– Storage of Data Everywhere– Broadband Becomes a Mass Market

• Wireless Internet Access--Anywhere, Anytime– Broadband Speeds– “Always Best Connected”

• Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points– Information Appliances– Sensors and Actuators– Embedded Processors

The 21st Century Internet--A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Grid

Closing in on the Dream

“Using satellite technology…demo ofWhat It might be like to have high-speed fiber-optic links between advanced computers in two different geographic locations.”

― Al Gore, SenatorChair, US Senate Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space

“What we really have to do is eliminate distance between individuals who want to interact with other people and with other computers.”

― Larry Smarr, DirectorNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, UIUC

SIGGRAPH 89Science by Satellite

Source: Maxine Brown, EVL, UIC

Why Optical NetworksAre Emerging as the 21st Century Driver

Scientific American, January 2001

The Next S-Curves of Exponential Technology Growth

0%

100%

Research

Experimental/Early Adopters

Production/Mass Market

Time

Technology S-Curve

Gigabit Testbeds

Connections Program

Internet2 Abilene

DWDM

Experimental Networks

Lambda Grids

~1990s 2000 2010

Networking Technology S-Curves

Tec

hn

olog

y P

enet

rati

on

California’s Institutes for Science and Innovation Are New Network Drivers

UCSBUCLA

California NanoSystems Institute

UCSF UCB

California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology,

and Quantitative Biomedical Research

UCI

UCSD

California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Center for Information Technology Research

in the Interest of Society

UCSC

UCDUCM

www.ucop.edu/california-institutes

CENIC and CISI Plan to Create CalREN-XDAn Experimental and Research Network

CENIC/Carrier POP

Carrier OpAmp Site

Backbone Carrier Fiber

Campus-MAN Demark

Campus

Campus Network MPOE

Campus Fiber

Last Mile Fiber

Future Last Mile Fiber

Backbone 10Gig

Optional Carrier Fiber

Pacific Light Rail 10G

Santa Fe

Los Angeles818 W 7th

Santa Barbara

SDSC

Anaheim

Qwest SD

UCSB

USC

UCR

HillcrestHospital

SPAWAR Pt Loma

1.5 Miles est.

4 Miles est.

CalTech

Thornton andVA Hospitals

SDSUUCSD

ISI

UCI

JPL

UCLA

UCSFMission Bay

NASA Ames

UCD

UCD Med Ctr

UCB

Emeryville

San Francisco

PaloAlto

Sacramento

LBNL

LLNL

SunnyvaleResearch Park

Stanford

SLAC

Denver

SeattlePortland

CONTROL

PLANE

Clusters

DynamicallyAllocatedLightpaths

Switch Fabrics

PhysicalMonitoring

Apps Middleware

A LambdaGrid Will Be the Backbone for an e-Science Network

Source: Joe Mambretti, NU

The Grid Physics Network Is Driving the Creation of an International LambdaGrid

• Paul Avery (Univ. of Florida) and Ian Foster (U. Chicago and ANL), Lead PIs– Largest NSF Information Technology Research Grant– 20 Institutions Involved– Enabled by the LambdaGrid and Internet2

CMS

ATLAS

Sloan Digital Sky Survey

LHC

Some Scientific Applications Require Experimental Optical Networks

• Large Data Challenges in Neuro and Earth Sciences– Each Data Object is 3D and Gigabytes– Data are Generated and Stored in Distributed Archives– Research is Carried Out on Federated Repository

• Requirements– Computing Requirements PC Clusters– Communications Dedicated Lambdas– Data Large Peer-to-Peer Lambda Attached Storage – Visualization Collaborative Volume Algorithms

• Response– OptIPuter Research Project

NIH is Funding a Brain Imaging Federated Repository

National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure

Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure

Biomedical Informatics Research Network

(BIRN)NIH Plans to Expand

to Other Organs and Many Laboratories

Why Not Constantly Compute on Federated Repositories?

• Currently– Instrument Coordinates

– Virtual Human NLM Project

– Transformations to Organ Coordinates

– Surgical View of Body

– Define Differences in Organs

– Eg. UCLA Human Brain Mapping Project—Art Toga

– Fly Through Organs– Virtual Colonoscopy (www.

vitalimaging.com)

• Future– Train AI Software on

– Millions of Human Image DataSets

– Define Distribution Functions

– Thresholds for Medical Attention

– Life Cycle of Single Individuals– Automatic Early Warnings

NSF’s EarthScope ProjectsAre Producing an Explosion of Large Data

• Synthetic Aperature Radar (SAR)– Digital Terrain Dataset of California > a Billion Points– Repeat SAR Images of Ground Deformation

– Earth Change and Hazard Observatory (ECHO) SAR Mission

– A Typical Computation Comparing Several Prior SAR Maps – 8000 CPU Hours– 4D Vis. Must Move 32 GB of Data to the Vis. Center at Scripps in 0.5

Sec!

• US Array– Broadband Seismometer Array– Permanent GPS Geodesy Reference Network– Resolution of Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure on the Order of

Tens of Kilometers– All Data to Community in Near Real Time

Source: Frank Vernon (IGPP SIO, UCSD)

Rollout Over 14 Years Starting

With Existing Broadband Stations

Multi-Megapixel Displays are Required for Seismic and Geosciences Monitoring

Cal-(IT)2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU

The OptIPuter is an Experimental Network Research Project

• Driven by Large Neuroscience and Earth Science Data• Multiple Lambdas Linking Clusters and Storage

– LambdaGrid Software Stack– Integration with InfiniBand PC Clusters– Interactive Collaborative Volume Visualization– Lambda Peer to Peer Storage With Optimized Storewidth– Enhance Security Mechanisms– Rethink TCP/IP Protocols

• NSF Large Information Technology Research Proposal– UCSD and UIC Lead Campuses– USC, UCI, SDSU, NW Partnering Campuses– Industrial Partners: IBM, Telcordia/SAIC, Chiaro

Networks, CENIC

First Stage in OptIPuter Research:Metro Optically Linked Visualization Walls

• Driven by SensorNets Data– Real Time Seismic– Environmental Monitoring – Emergency Response– Distributed Corporations

• Linked UCSD and SDSU– Dedication March 4, 2002

Linking Control Rooms

Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SGI, IBM,

TeraBurst NetworksSD Telecom Council

UCSD SDSU44 Miles of Cox Fiber

Planned Chicago Metro Electronic Switching OptIPuter Laboratory

Int’l GE, 10GE

Nat’l GE, 10GE

Metro GE, 10GE

16x1 GE 16x10 GE

16-Processor McKinley at University of Illinois at Chicago

16-Processor Montecito/Chivano

at Northwestern StarLight

10x1 GE

+

1x10GE

Nationals: Illinois, California, Wisconsin, Indiana, Abilene, FedNets. Washington, Pennsylvania…

Internationals: Canada, Holland, CERN, GTRN, AmPATH, Asia…

Source: Tom DeFanti

Creating Metro, Regional, State, National, and Planetary Optical Networking Laboratories

Vancouver

Seattle

Portland

San Francisco

Los Angeles

San Diego(SDSC)

NCSA

SURFnet CERNCA*net4

AsiaPacific

AsiaPacific

AMPATH

PSC

Atlanta

CA*net4

Source: Tom DeFanti and Maxine Brown, UIC

NYC

TeraGrid DTFnet

CENIC

Pacific LightRail

Chicago

UICNU

USC

UCSD, SDSUUCI

The Mobile High Performance InternetThe Next Step for CENIC?

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mobile Internet

Fixed Internet

Subscribers (millions)

Source: Ericsson

Using the FCC Unlicensed Bandto Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone

• The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network

• A Cal-(IT)2

Academic Partner

• Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications and Crisis Management

• Allows for SensorNet Deployment to Remote Locations

http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html

NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone

ROADnet—Bringing SensorNets to the Dirt Roads and the High Seas

• High Bandwidth Wireless Internet – Linking Sensors for:

– Seismology– Oceanography– Climate– Hydrology– Ecology– Geodesy

– Real-Time Data Management

• Joint Collaboration Between:– SIO / IGPP– UCSD– SDSC / HPWREN– SDSU– Cal-(IT)2

http://roadnet.ucsd.edu/

Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve

R/V Revelle in Lyttleton, NZ

Wireless Internet is Moving Throughout The Physical World

• First US Taste of 3G Cellular Internet– UCSD Jacobs School Antenna

– First Beta Test Site

• Linking to 802.11 Mobile “Bubble”– Tested on CyberShuttle

– Joint Project with Campus– From Railway to Campus at 65 mph!

Rooftop Qualcomm 1xEV Access Point

www.calit2.net/news/2002/4-2-bbus.html

Experimenting with the Future -- Linking Fiber and Wireless Video Cams

Computer Vision and Robotics Research LabMohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2

Mobile Interactivity Avatar

Linked by 1xEV Cellular Internet

Useful for Highway Accidents

or Disasters

SensorNets—Real-Time Data

Storage hardware

Database Systems, Grid Storage,Filesystems

Data Mining, Simulation Modeling, Analysis, Data Fusion

Web PortalCustomized to User Device

Knowledge-Based Integration Advanced Query Processing

Networked Storage (SAN)

Visualization

High speed networking

Data Organization and Mining Are at the Heart of the 21st Century Internet

The SDSC/Cal-(IT)2 Knowledge and Data

Engineering Laboratory

Source: Chaitan Baru, SDSC

How Can the “Future Internet” Enhance Capabilities for Homeland Security?

• Three Tier System– Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories

– Collaborative Crisis Management Data Centers

– Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases

• Building a “Living-in-the-Future” Laboratory– UCSD, UCI, and SDSU Campuses

– San Diego, Orange County, Cross Border

– Collaboration with City, County, and State Govts.

Patient wireless device and system

Responder wireless device and system

Command visualization

system

Hospital system

Wireless bridging systemsLocation aware system

Disaster database

Wireless Internet Information System for Medical Response in Disasters (WIISARD)

Source: Dr. Leslie Lenert, UCSD SOM

Hot Zone

Prevailing wind

Warm zone

Compromised Transportation

Corridor

WMD attack site

(Stadium)

Emergency Response Scenario

Source: Dr. Leslie Lenert, UCSD SOM

Transportation Assets With Mobile Internet

Bubble

Triage

FieldTreatment

Station

Mobile BubblesPatient RF IDs

First Responder PDAs

Hospital #1

Hospital #2 (on bypass)

Transport station Control Room

GPS Tracking