2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration
Transcript of 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration
![Page 1: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
European Exploration of the Americas
Christopher Columbus – Italian Ship Captain- Believed he could open a trade route to Asia by sailing west- Underestimated the actual distance to Asia (by 5000 miles)-Convinced Isabella and Ferdinand, the Spanish monarchs, to support his voyage in 1492 – three ships Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria
![Page 2: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Columbus (cont’d)- After 10 weeks (Aug. 3 – Oct. 11) the expedition reached the islands of the Caribbean Sea - Columbus claimed the region for Spain and began the Spanish conquest of the New World- Columbus completed four voyages in all, never accepting that he had reached a new land mass, not Asia.- Christopher Columbus never acquired the fortune or fame for which he had hoped and only became celebrated long after his death.- Columbus opened the Americas to European exploration and colonization
![Page 3: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Columbian Exchange – a transfer of living things between the New & Old Worlds (East and West Hemispheres)
![Page 4: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)- Pope Alexander IV’s effort to keep the peace between Spain and Portugal as they explored new territories- The north-south dividing line gave authority to colonize most of the Americas to Spain (except for Brazil) and gave Portugal authority in Africa.
![Page 5: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Portuguese Explorers
Bartolomeu Dias- Nobleman-explorer who was the first European to sail around the southern cape of Africa in 1488
Vasco da Gama- Military captain and explorer who was the first European to sail around the southern cape of Africa and reach India (1497-1499)
![Page 6: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Amerigo Vespucci - Italian explorer who exaggerated his role in discovering and exploring the Americas
- given credit for the idea of the ‘New World’ – a land mass between Europe and Asia
- mapmakers appear to have used his name to label the new continents
![Page 7: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Explorers – bypassing North America
John Cabot – (1497 & 1498) – searched for the Northwest Passage, exploring the Atlantic coast of Canada & claimed the coast of North America for England
Ferdinand Magellan’s Expedition (1519-1522) – sailed around South America and his expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe (Magellan died en route & only 1 of 3 ships made it)
![Page 8: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Conquistadors – Spanish Conquerors of the New World
Guns, Steel, Horses – material advantages of the Europeans
Disease was the leading reason why the American Indians could not resist the Spanish. - European diseases killed as much as 90% of the American Indian population.
![Page 9: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Spanish ConquistadorsJuan Ponce de León (1513 & 1521) – claimed Puerto Rico and explored, claimed, & named FloridaVasco Nuñez Balboa (1513) – crossed Panama, first European to see the Pacific Ocean, & claimed all land touching that sea for SpainHernándo Cortés (1519-1521) – conquered the Aztecs and Montezuma in Central Mexico, claiming gold and beginning the mining of silver
![Page 10: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Francisco Pizarro (1532) – conquered the Incan Empire on the west coast of South America, claiming tons of gold & silver
Hernándo DeSoto (1539-1542) – explored the American Southeast looking for gold, was the first European to see Alabama and the Mississippi River
![Page 11: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Francisco Coronado (1540-1542) – explored the American southwest looking for cities of gold, first to see the Grand Canyon and herds of buffalo
![Page 12: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Encomienda – Spanish system of enslaving the American Indians
Mestizos – people of Spanish and American Indian ancestry
Gold & Silver enriched Spain & Europe – economic growth, but eventually ruined Spain’s economy with price inflation and debt
![Page 13: 2.1_Columbus_and_Exploration](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070316/555ba04ad8b42a6e588b4b5b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
St. Augustine (1565)-Spain founded the first permanent European city in what is now the U.S. -(on the Atlantic coast of Florida).
- It was formed to protect Spanish treasure ships from French Buccaneers and English Seadogs (pirates/privateers).