2110U10-1 S18-2110U10-1 GEOGRAPHY – AS unit 1 · GCE AS/A LEVEL – NEW: 2110U10-1: GEOGRAPHY –...
Transcript of 2110U10-1 S18-2110U10-1 GEOGRAPHY – AS unit 1 · GCE AS/A LEVEL – NEW: 2110U10-1: GEOGRAPHY –...
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ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
A calculator.Resource folder.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Do not use gel pen. Do not use correction fluid.Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.In Section A, answer either questions 1 and 2 or questions 3 and 4.Answer all questions in Section B.If further space is required you should use the continuation pages at the back of this booklet. The question number(s) should be clearly shown.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part-question; you are advised to divide your time accordingly.This paper requires that you make as full use as possible of appropriate examples and reference to data to support your answers. Sketch maps and diagrams should be included where relevant.A plain page is available at the back of the booklet for you to add any relevant sketch maps and diagrams you may wish to include. The question number(s) should be clearly shown.
VP*(S18-2110U10-1)MAY182110U10101 © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Surname
Other Names
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GCE AS/A LEVEL – NEW
2110U10-1
GEOGRAPHY – AS unit 1CHANGING LANDSCAPES
TUESDAY, 15 MAY 2018 – AFTERNOON
2 hours
S18-2110U10-1
For Examiner’s use only
Question MaximumMark
MarkAwarded
1. 16
2. 16
3. 16
4. 16
5. 22
6. 24
7. 18
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Section A: Changing Landscapes
Answer either questions 1 and 2 or questions 3 and 4 from your chosen landscape.
Make the fullest possible use of examples and data to support your answers.
Coastal Landscapes
Answer questions 1 and 2 if this is your chosen landscape.
Figure 1: Processes of coastal retreat on the North Norfolk coast, UK
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Place Landslides % Mudflows % Wind Erosion % Water Erosion %
Weybourne 100 0 0 0
Sheringham 72 0 28 0
Overstrand 73 7 0 20
Mundesley 86 0 5 9
1. (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to describe variations in the processes of coastal retreat for different places in North Norfolk. [5]
Source: north-norfolk.co.uk
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only (ii) Suggest one reason for the variation in the importance of wind erosion. [3]
(b) Assess the positive impacts of human activity on the coastal landscape at one or more locations. [8]
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2. (a) (i) Use Figure 2 in the Resource Folder to identify characteristics of both high and low energy coastal environments. [5]
(ii) Suggest one way in which the landform at 900710 (Traeth Mawr) is linked to other landforms as part of the coastal system. [3]
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only (b) Examine the role of marine erosional processes in the formation of one or more landforms
of coastal erosion. [8]
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3. (a) (i) Use Figure 3 to compare the sedimentary characteristics of the eskers. [5]
(ii) Suggest one reason why the sediment in these eskers is less than (<) 60 mm in size. [3]
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Glaciated Landscapes
Answer questions 3 and 4 if this is your chosen landscape.
Figure 3: Sedimentary characteristics of four eskers at Hepburn Island, Nunavut, Canada
Sediment type Size Esker 1 (%) Esker 2 (%) Esker 3 (%) Esker 4 (%)
gravel < 60 mm 0 35 46 66
sand < 2 mm 87 65 47 32
silt < 0.06 mm 13 0 7 2
Source: enr.gov.nt.ca
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only (b) Examine the role of ground ice in the formation of one periglacial landform. [8]
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4. (a) (i) Use Figure 4 in the Resource Folder to identify characteristics of both glacial erosion and deposition. [5]
(ii) What evidence is there to suggest that Afon Ogwen (633633) is a misfit stream? [3]
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only (b) Assess the impacts of one glacial process on human activity. [8]
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Section B: Tectonic Hazards
Answer all questions.
Make the fullest possible use of examples and data to support your answers.
Figure 5a: Characteristics of the 2010 volcanic eruption at Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland
On the 14th April 2010, after weeks of reduced activity, Eyjafjallajökull erupted beneath its glacier ice cap causing the melting of large amounts of ice. By mid-morning it was spewing out a substantial stream of steam and ash. By midday the surrounding rivers had risen by 3m and a plume of ash had risen through the air to 6.5 km in the sky.
April
A1st Explosive
Phase
BEffusivePhase
DDeclining
Phase
C2nd Explosive
Phase
May14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
0
100
200
300
400airborne ashlavadebris transportedby meltwater
volu
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rate
(m3 s–1
)
5. (a) (i) Use Figure 5a to describe trends shown in airborne ash over time. [5]
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Figure 5b: Highway 1, the road that goes around Iceland, is cut off by a flood
Figure 5c: Farmers team up to rescue cattle from exposure to the toxic volcanic ash
Figure 5d: Basalt and ice deposits hundreds of metres from the river channel
(ii) Using Figures 5a-5d suggest how variations in the characteristics of this volcanic eruption resulted in different hazards. [9]
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Source: swisseduc.ch
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only (b) Explain the formation of volcanoes at diverging plate margins. [8]
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0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
1 200 000
1 400 000
1 600 000
Airlines Cost to the firm (millions of euros)
Aer Lingus –7
Air France-KLM –368
British Airways –368
Easyjet –338
Finnair –83
Iberia –525
Lufthansa –670
Ryanair –791
SAS –229
Figure 6a: Costs of disruption to European Airlines
Figure 6b: Total foreign visitors to Iceland (1950 to 2016)
6. (a) (i) State the mode of the costs to firms shown in Figure 6a. [1]
Mode: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Calculate the mean of the costs to firms shown in Figure 6a. Show your working. [2]
Source: core.ac.uk
Source: Icelandic Tourist Board
During the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull large volumes of ash in the atmosphere had an impact on air travel. Figure 6a shows information concerning the impacts on air transport firms and Figure 6b shows the total number of foreign visitors to Iceland since 1950.
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only (iii) Use Figures 6a and 6b to suggest how the economic impacts of this eruption
varied. [6]
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Source: researchgate.net
(b) Use Figure 6c to describe the pattern of ash fallout around the central vent of Eyjafjallajökull. [5]
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Figure 6c: Depth of ash fallout (cm) around Eyjafjallajökull 14th-16th April 2010
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Edge of glacier
Isolines of ash depth in cm
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only (c) Assess the importance of distance from the source of a tectonic hazard in determining
the level of impact on people. [10]
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7. (a) Outline two social impacts of a named earthquake event. [10]
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only (b) Examine the success of one short-term response used to manage the impacts of
earthquakes. [8]
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