21 1• HMMlSa Wi I Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Type all entries — complete applicable sections)

STATE:

MissouriCOUNTY:

Cape GirardeauFOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER DATE

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COMMON:

Burfordville Covered BridgeAND/OR HISTORIC:

LOCATION :: v-;.f . -,>;; ,,;v:v;. : :-.: •:.;:;.:;>.•.;STREET AND NUMBER: J ClilCS W6St Of

ed?e of Burfordville onJackson, Missouri Route KH

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, on Highway 3^ to eastern

CITY OR TOWN:

Townshit) 31N - Range HE - Survey No. 808STATE

Missouri 63739P^StASSIFICAtlON- .--;'' •':^^-:- :->rf :">': "'.V." V : .: - V

CODE COUNTY:

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CATEGORY OWNERSHIP(Check One)

O District r"; Building 03 Public

!H Site B Structure CD Private

D Object D Both

PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate)

1 1 Agricultural Q Government [^

f~| Commercial C] Industrial [^

D Educational D Mi itary Q

1 ] Entertainment 1 i Museum [

Public Acquisition:

pn In Process

[ | Being Considered

] Pork

Private Residence

Religious

Scientific

ape Girardeau

STATUS

I | Occupied [— DC Unoccupied

i 1 Preservation work

in progress ' —

(X! Transportation 1 1

Q Other (Specify)

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CODE

031

ACCESSIBLE D THE PUBLIC

Yes: Restricted

Unrestricted

No

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...

OWNER'S NAME:

Missouri State Highway Commissj.onSTREET AND NUMBER:

Highway BuildingCITY OR TOWN:

Jefferson CityL;;pt|A;|ipN of;; it-EGAu DESCRIPTION • ; \::, ::.v.-.i:;lii::

STATE:

Missouri 65101

CODE

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COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC:

Office of the Recorder of Deeds, Cape Girardeau County CourthouseSTREET AND NUMBER:

Cl TY OR TOWN:

JacksonF?E.r?IRE$!NtAtl6N IN'EXISTtNG.SURVE^YS . H;-.

STATE

Missouri 63755"

CODE

2k•:':-'•':.:-. -:••.••:•-•'-•-'-••:•'•'•'•' ^^\'^\ "-:'.'-'. '-:

TITLE OF SURVEY:

Missouri Historic Sites CatalogueDATE OF SURVEY: ^96^5 d Federal 33 State fj County Q Loco

DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS:

State Historical Society of MissouriSTREET ANO NUMBER:

Corner , Hitt and Lowrv streetsCITY OR TOWN:

Columbia

STATE:

Missouri 65201CODE

2k

ST ATC:

Missouri

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ENTRY NUMBER

DATE |

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Form 10-300a (July 1969)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

MissouriCOUNTY

Cape GirardeauFOR NFS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER

(Number all entries)

6.BURFORDVILLE COVSRED BRIDGE

Missouri State Historical Survey (state)

1970

Missouri State Park Board

P.O. Box 1?6

120^ Jefferson Building

Jefferson City, Missouri 65101 Code: 2k

{^DESCRIPTION

CONDITIONGJ3 Excellent

JJJ) Altered

P Good

(Check

[

One)

D

J Foir

Unaltered

(Check One;

I | Deteriorated a Ruins

(Check

D Moved

[~1 Unexposed

One;

gj Original Site

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (it known) PHYSICAL. APPEARANCE

The Burfordville covered bridge is located at the eastern edge of Burfordville on Route HH, a spur off highway No. 3*f. The bridge spans the V/hitewater River, supported entirely by two stone abut ments. The bridge is 1^0' long and l6'6" wide, with an east-west orientation. Restoration was completed in 1950 by the Missouri State Highway Department.

The rectangular structure above the bridge floor was originally of yellow poplar. During restoration original structural members were left intact. Replacement lumber of pressure treated Douglas fir was used for siding, battens, joists and approaches. The original roofing material of the ridge roof has been replaced with corrugated galvanized metal.

At either end of the bridge are spacious portals. The floor of the bridge projects beyond the housing structure to form a short uncovered bridge spanning a depression between the abutment and the road. Wooden guard railings are on either side of the approach.

Inside the bridge there are no enclosures and diagonal cross timbers and vertical iron bars, characteristic of Kowe truss construction are visible. The structural technique of dovetailing and mortising renders the bridge self-supporting. The trusses are held in vertical position by cross bracing overhead.

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^SIGNIFICANCE : . : • •

PERIOD (check One or More as Appropriate)

I | Pre-Columbian! C~l 16th Century

n '5th Century D 17th Century

D 18th Century D

£j£] 19th Century

20th Century

SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known)

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate)

Aboriginal I I Education [ ]

Q Prehistoric [J(j Engineering Q

Q Historic Q Industry

Q Agriculture Q] Invention Q

Q Architecture Q Landscape Q

CD Art Architecture [~|

| | Commerce ( | Literature

Q Communications Q Mi | itary r-j

[~1 Conservation r i M us j c gl

Political d Urbon Planning

Religion/Phi- D Other (Specify)

losophy

Science

Sculpture

Social/Human

itarian

Theater

Transportation

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

The Burfordville Covered Bridge is primarily significant only four surviving covered bridges in Missouri. It has significance as one of three covered bridges in Missouri the Howe truss in its construction.

as one offurther employing

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The Burfordville Covered Bridge spans the Whitewater River adjacent to the Bollinger Kill. Most of the covered bridges constructed in Missouri wore built under the auspices of the county court. Although the bridge has the date 1858 carved into one of the stone abutments, careful checking of the county court records from 1850 through 1900 has failed to uncover any mention of the bridge. It is probable that the bridge was constructed by a private road company which operated a toll road between Jackson and Burfordville, Missouri.

The contractor for the bridge followed the construction plans of William Howe of Massachusetts who patented his bridge truss in iS^fO. Howe revised the popular kingpost truss, which was composed entirely of wood and consisted of an upright center post (kingpost) framed into a triangle by two diagonals and a bottom chord, (see photo graph) (Dorothy J. Caldwell, "Missouri's Covered Bridges," Missouri Historical Review, 61:231, January 196?.) Howe combined the use of wood and metal in his truss: wood for the diagonal braces, the upper and lower chords and the end posts; iron rods for the kingposts. (Kramer Adams, Covered Bridges of the West, 19^3, p. 30, and Cald- well, January 196?, p. 232.)These vertical iron tension rods were secured to the upper and lower chords by means of nuts and washers,. These could be tightened at any time to remove the saggings of old age. (Adams, 19&3, P« 30.) The Howe truss was employed more than any other bridge type because it was economical, simple to construct and durable.

The covered bridge movement began in the eastern United States and migrated westward in the iSOO's with the shifting frontier. Con structed almost entirely of wood using simple tools, these bridges

Form 10-300a (July 1969)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PL ACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

Missouri

Cane GirardeauFOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER

(Number all entries)

8.BU3F03DVILLE COVERED BRIDGE

proved very economical and practical in the forested areas of the United States. The bridges opened up easier lines of trans portation and communication in states where streams and rivers were prevalent.

Pioneer builders covered the bridges with a roof and siding just as they "covered" their houses and barns. The roof protected the timber construction from extremes in temperature and kept the bridge floor free from the elements. Many bridges had a barn-like appearance in order to coax skittish horses and farm animals across rushing streams and rivers. (Eric Sloane, American Barns and Covered Bridges, 195^i p« 85.)

Thousands of covered bridges were built in the United States, mainly during the l800's but floods, fire, vandalism and age have destroyed the majority of them.

The Burfordville Covered Bridge is owned and maintained by the Missouri State Highway Commission. The other three surviving bridges are: Locust Creek Covered Bridge in Linn County, Union Covered Bridge in Monroe County, and Sandy Creek Covered Bridge in Jefferson County.

1 MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

1. Adams, Kramer. Covered Bridges of the West.' Berkeley: Howell- North, 1963.

2. Caldwell, Dorothy J. "Missouri's Covered Bridges," Missouri Historical Review, 61:229-236, January 196?.

3. Sloane, Eric. American Barns and Covered Bridges. New York: Wilfred Funk,

Ili-GigOGRAPHtCAL DATALATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES

DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY

NW

NE

SE

SW

LATITUDE

Degrees Minutes Seconds

LONGITUDE

Degrees Minutes Seconds

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES

DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTYOF LESS THAN TEN ACRES

LATITUDE

Degrees Minutes Seconds

37 22 02

LONGI TUDE

Degrees Minutes Seconds

89 09

APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED P ROP ER T Y : T _ J. t- i.

ILIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

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COUNTY:

iiiO R M P R E P A:R E D i B Y;:NAME AND Tl TLE:

Chart a A. Piggott. Research HistorianORGAN,ZAT.ON Missouri state Park Board

__________State Historical Survey and Planning Office March 5, 1Q70STREET AND NUMBER:

CITY OR TOWN:

Jeffersoq Cit; Missnnr-iIt,:! At SO N 0 F F t C E R C E R T t FIC A1 10 N; ^;NATIONAL REGISTER;VERIFICATIONv;:

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na

tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law

89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion

in the National Register and certify that it has been

evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set

forth by the National Park Service. The recommended

level of significance of this nomination is:

National n State j}3 Local Q3

Name _______ ____ _________Joseph Jaeger, Jr.

Title Dirfictor, Missouri State Park Board, and Missouri State Liaison Officer

Date

I hereby certify that this property is included in the

National Register.

Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation

Date

ATTEST:

Keeper of The National Register

Date

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PHOTO CREDIT: Photocopy by Martha L.

Kusiak, Missouri State Park Board

DATE OF PHOTO: 1963

from Covered Bridges of the West

(p. 50)

by Kramer AdamsNEGATIVE FILED AT:

Missouri State Park Board, P.O.

Box 1?6

Jefferson Building. Jefferson City.

Missouri 65101

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ENTRY NUMBER DATE

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January 25, 1970

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM

(Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph)

STATE

MissouriCOUNTY

Cape Gir;FOR NPS I

ENTRY NUMB

COMMON: Burfordville Covered BridgeAND/OR HISTORIC:

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Cape Girardeau|3 .IS H Of Q : R 5 F E R E NC £

PHOTO CREDIT: Ron Walker, State Historical Survey, Missouri State PartPATE OF PHOTO: January 25, 1970 9:17 amMEGATIVE FILED AT: Missouri State Park Board, P.O. Box 176

..1204 Jefferson Building, Jefferson City, Missouri

DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION, ETC.

View from the south to the north. The structural technique oJ tailing and mortising renders this span of 1^0' self-supportii There are stone abutments at either end.

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM

(Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph)

\l,< NAME

STATE

MissouriCOUNTY

Cape GirardeFOR NPS USE o

ENTRY NUMBER

COMMON: Burfordville Covered BridgeAND/OR HISTORIC:

2,4'tpCATION

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STREET AND NUMBER: miies wsst of Jackson, Missouri , on Highway edge of Burfordville on Route HH

to ea;

Cl TY OR TOWN:

Missouri 2k Cape Girardeau

DATE OF PHOTO:PHOTO CREDIT: Ron Walker, State Historical Survey, Missouri State Park Be

January 25. 1970 8;52 am_______________FILED AT: Missouri State Park Board, P.O. Box 176

Jefferson Building. Jefferson Citv. Missouri

DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION. ETC.

View from the east to the west. Detail of stone abutment. Stone wa cut and quarried locally. Continuous use attests to the strengthene quality of original construction. The combination of vertical and truss bracing construction is visible in the supporting understructu of the bridge.

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM

(Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph)

STATE

MissouriCOUNTY

Cape GirardeatFOR NFS USE ON!

ENTRY NUMBER

COMMON: Burfordville Covered BridgeAND/OR HISTORIC:

t- jjJ;COCATION V:

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STREET AND NUMBER: ? miles west of jackson, Missouri, on Highway ____ edge of Burfordville on Route HH

CITY OR TOWN:

to east

Missouri 2k Cane Girardeau

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PHOTO CREDIT: fion . state Historical Survey. Missouri State Park BoardDATE OF PHOTO: January 25* 1970 9:33 amNEGATIVE FILED AT: Missouri State Park Board, P.O. Box 176

Jefferson Building. Jefferson ..City ? Missouri^IDENTIFICATION

DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION. ETC.

View from the southwest to the northeast. Detail of diagonal cross timbers and vertical iron bars are characteristic of Howe truss construction. These are the original truss members whipsawed near the site during construction in the l860's.

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