TRUST, BUT VERIFY…

BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONINGSTANDARDS DEVELOPMENT, PERSONNEL CERTIFICATION AND TRAININGDANIEL J. LEMIEUX, AIAPRINCIPALWISS, JANNEY, ELSTNER ASSOCIATES, INC.

LAVERNE DALGLEISHPRINCIPALBUILDING PROFESSIONALS, INC.

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AGENDA

Development and History of Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx)

What is BECx? Why is it Important? Standard of Care…?

Overview of ASTM E2813, Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning

Significance of the Core Competencies Required in ASTM E2813

Introduction to the ASTM/NIBS BECx Certification and Training Program

Alignment of ASTM E2813 with Building Codes and Public Sector Accreditation and Credentialing programs

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At the end of this session, participants will be able to discuss…

History and Evolution of Building Enclosure Commissioning

ASTM E2813, Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx)

Significance of the Core Competencies in ASTM E2813

Development of the New ASTM Building Enclosure Personnel Certification Program

Alignment of ASTM E2813 with Building Codes and Public Sector Accreditation and Credentialing programs

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONINGWhat Is It?

“Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx) is a holistic process that…endeavors to ensure that the exterior enclosure of a building…meets or exceeds the Owner’s Project Requirements...” - ASTM E2813, Standard Practice for BECx

The BECx Process Predesign Design Preconstruction Construction Occupancy and Operations

Owner Project Requirements (OPR) Energy Environment Safety Security Durability Sustainability Operation and Maintenance

RESILIENCY

Good Design and Construction Practice

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BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONINGWhy Is It Important?

Uncontrolled rainwater penetration and condensation potential are two of the most common threats to building enclosure performance…

Together, they represent up to 80% of all construction-related claims in the United States…

90% of all water intrusion problems occur within 1% of the total building area (interfaces)

Building Sector consumes nearly 50% of all energy produced in the United States…o Compartmentalization of the Design Professiono Declining Skill Levels in the Construction Tradeso Rising Incidence and Cost of Litigationo Failure to Deliver…

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BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONINGStandard of Care?

“It is not the standard of care to provide exhaustively detailed and annotated documents. If architects were expected to provide that level of detail, our fees would need to increase dramatically or we would be out of business quickly…”

-Testimony of Architect During Litigation

“Drawings are diagrammatic and do not purport to identify nor solve problems of thermal or structural movement, glazing, anchorage, or moisture disposal…”

-Technical Specification by Architect

WHEN DID THIS START?

“Up until 1945, the liability climate within which the architect worked was fairly stable. Under the common law rule of ‘privity of contract’, the client was the only party likely to gain the court’s permission to sue…”

“The trend against the rule began in the manufacturing sector and reached the architectural profession in the 1950’s…”

- AIA Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice

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DEATH OF THE “MASTER BUILDER”ARCHITECT AS “MASTER BUILDER” FALLS VICTIM TO RISK AND LIABILITY

Substituting “Observation” for “Supervision” During the Construction Phase…

Day v. National U.S. Radiator, 241 La.288, 128 So.2d 660 (1958)

Miller v. DeWitt, 37 Ill.2d 272, 226 N.E.2d 630 (1967)

“Some viewed [this] substitution… as a retreat from the architect’s traditional role, tending to weaken the architect’s services during this crucial project phase.”

- AIA Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice

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BIRTH OF THE “CONSTRUCTION MANAGER”

“Prior to about 1980 there was no such thing as a CM. However, when interest rates ran close to 20% during the recession of that time… someone came up with the idea of speeding up the process by overlapping design and construction. That occurred at a time when architects were continuing to withdraw from the construction process. Into that void stepped the ‘CM’.”

-Outside Counsel to the AIA

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ARCHITECTS “GAVE IT AWAY…”

“The ability to play a controlling role in the construction process was never taken away from architects – they gave it away! That [trend] continues through the most recent iteration of the [AIA] documents. Traditionally, the architect was always the initial [“arbiter”] in the case of conflicts between the contractor and owner. The documents now embrace a third party in that role.” Why? “Architects are uncomfortable in that role...”

-Outside Counsel to the AIA

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WHAT WE TEACH ARCHITECTS TODAYSAMPLE CURRICULUM

Total Hours: 174 / 4110

Total University Core Hours: 48 / 720 (18%)

Remaining Hours: 126 / 3390

Total Studio Hours: 42 / 1900 (45%)

Remaining: 84 / 1490

Courses related to Building Science: 12%

Hours related to Building Enclosure: 3%

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NATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL ACCREDITING BOARDCURRICULUM REQUIREMENTS

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• A. 1. Communication • A. 2. Design Thinking • A. 3. Visual Communication • A. 4. Technical Documentation• A. 5. Investigative • A. 6. Fundamental Design • A. 7. Use of Precedents• A. 8. Ordering Systems.• A. 9. Historical Traditions and Global Culture• A. 10. Cultural Diversity• A. 11. Applied Research• B. 1. Pre-Design• B. 2. Accessibility• B. 3. Sustainability• B. 4. Site Design• B. 5. Life Safety• B. 6. Comprehensive Design

• B. 7. Financial Considerations• B. 8. Environmental Systems• B. 9. Structural Systems• B. 10. Building Envelope Systems• B. 11. Building Service Systems• B. 12. Building Materials and Assemblies• C. 1. Collaboration• C. 2. Human Behavior• C. 3. Client Role in Architecture• C. 4. Project Management• C. 5. Practice Management• C. 6. Leadership• C. 7. Legal Responsibilities• C. 8. Ethics and Professional Judgment• C.9. Community and Social Responsibility

32 curriculum requirements Only 6 Related to Building Science and the Technical Rigors of Professional Practice

HOW WE TRAIN ARCHITECTS TODAYNCARB INTERN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

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• 17 Experience Areas

• 5600 hours of experience required (about 3 years)

• No Specific Requirement for Training in Building Science or the KSAs Necessary to Deliver Fully Integrated Building Performance

• 1A. Programming (80 hours)• 1B. Site and Building Analysis (80 hours)• 1C. Project Cost and Feasibility (40 hours)• 1D. Planning and Zoning Regulations (60 hours)• 2A. Schematic Design (320 hours)• 2B. Engineering Systems (360 hours)• 2C. Construction Cost (120 hours)• 2D. Codes and Regulations (120 hours)• 2E. Design Development (320 hours)• 2F. Construction Documents (1,200 hours)• 2G. Material Selection and Specification (160 hours)• 3A. Bidding and Contract Negotiation (120 hours)• 3B. Construction Administration (240 hours)• 3C. Construction Phase: Observation (120 hours)• 3D. General Project Management (240 hours)• 4A. Business Operations (80 hours)• 4B. Leadership and Service (80 hours)

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BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONINGTimeline of Recent Standards Development

2005: ASHRAE Guideline 0, The Commissioning Process

2006: NIBS Guideline 3, Exterior Enclosure Technical Requirements for the Commissioning Process

2012: ASTM E2813, Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx)

2012: ASTM/NIBS Memorandum of Agreement on Building Enclosure Commissioning

2012: NIBS Guideline-3, Building Enclosure Commissioning Process

2013: ASHRAE Standard 202, The Commissioning Process for Buildings and Systems (Joins ASHRAE GL-0)

2014: ASTM Standard Guide for Building Enclosure Commissioning (Replaces NIBS GL-3)

2014: ASTM/NIBS BECx Certification and Training Program

“Fundamental” BECxA Engagement During the Design Phase Minimum of One (1) Independent, Third-Party Design

Review (CD Phase)… Minimum Level of Performance Testing (Annex A.2)“Enhanced” BECxA Engagement During the Pre-Design Phase Minimum of Three (3) Independent, Third-Party Design

Review (SD/DD/CD Phases) Minimum Level of Performance Testing (Annex A.2)

Precedent…?1998: Public Works Canada Originates “Basic” and “Enhanced” Levels of Cx2001: USGBC Adopts “Fundamental” and “Enhanced” Levels of LEED

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ASTM E2813 STANDARD PRACTICE FOR BECXEnforceable Levels of BECx

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ASTM E2813 STANDARD PRACTICE FOR BECXMinimum Required Levels for Performance Testing

Building and Materials Science

Procurement and Project Delivery

Contract Documents and Construction Administration

Performance Test Standards and Methodology

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ASTM E2813 STANDARD PRACTICE FOR BECXMinimum Required Core Competencies of the Service-Provider

Principles associated with heat transfer via conduction, convection, radiation, and air infiltration/exfiltration

Principles associated with moisture storage and transport via gravity, diffusion, convection, capillary action, absorbed flow, and osmosis…

Characteristics and behavior of materials, components, systems, and assemblies when specified for a given application, geographic region, location, exposure, or climate…

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Building and Materials Science

ASTM E2813 STANDARD PRACTICE FOR BECXMinimum Required Core Competencies of the Service-Provider

Influence of the project delivery method on the scope and cost of the BECx process

Influence of the number and type of contracts between the Owner and the project team on the role and responsibilities of the BECxP

Influence of design scheduling, phasing, and sequencing of the work on the BECx process

Influence of the experience, qualifications, technical depth, and commitment of the design and construction teams on the successful integration and delivery of the BECx process

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Procurement and Project Delivery

ASTM E2813 STANDARD PRACTICE FOR BECXMinimum Required Core Competencies of the Service-Provider

Interpretation and enforcement of the Contract Documents in the context of the BECx process…

Importance of shop drawing review and design refinement at interfaces to fully integrated building enclosure performance…

Influence of allowable construction tolerances on interface detailing and construction…

Material compatibility and continuity of primary heat, air, and moisture control layers on fully integrated building enclosure performance…

Timely preparation and delivery of BECx work product…

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Contract Documents and Construction Administration

ASTM E2813 STANDARD PRACTICE FOR BECXMinimum Required Core Competencies of the Service-Provider

Quantifiable thresholds of performance…

Clear and unambiguous definitions of failure…

Appropriate interpretation of test results…

Documentation of all modifications to the design arising from pre-construction mock-up testing and translation into the field…

Distinction between errors and omissions in architectural design vs. product design

Conflicts between industry standards and open, consensus-based standards and impact on the enforcement of the Contract Documents…

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Performance Test Standards and Methodology

ASTM E2813 STANDARD PRACTICE FOR BECXMinimum Required Core Competencies of the Service-Provider

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BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONINGASTM/NIBS Memorandum of Agreement (2012)

Support the development of standards, guidelines, certifications, education and training materials and programs for building enclosure design, construction and commissioning;

Promote and encourage discussion, training, education, technology transfer and engage in the exchange of information about all matters concerning the building enclosure and the related science;

Initiate and promote cross-disciplinary dialogue between all sectors of the building community and professions in the interest of high performance building enclosures;

Facilitate improvements in the building process, including inspection, approval, codes, regulations, standards, liability matters, and the other areas affecting building enclosures;

Improve the knowledge of their respective memberships in building enclosure science.

Form Technical Advisory Committee Establish Certification Scheme Committee Define Scopes Conduct Job Task Analysis• Draft Exam Blueprint• Hold Item Writing Workshop• Select Item Banking System• Conduct Beta Testing• Construct Test Forms• Set Cut score• Equate Additional Forms• Rescore Beta Exams• Quality Assurance• Rollout (2014)

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BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONINGASTM/NIBS BECx Certification and Training Program

ISO/IEC 17024 Standard for Personnel Certification

Certified BECx Provider Personnel Certification Program – ASTM/NIBS/ISO Professional Registration or Equivalent Education,

Training, and Experience Continuing Education Required

Certified BECx Specialist Personnel Certification Program – ASTM/NIBS/ISO Continuing Education Required Specialty Certifications Available

Certified BECx Technologist Training-Based Certificate Program – ASTM Individual Test Standards for Air, Water, Structural, and Thermal Performance

Testing ASTM Certificate

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BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONINGASTM/NIBS BECx Certification and Training Program

Levels of Personnel Certification

Owner/Developers U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) BOMA

Design Professionals American Institute of Architects (AIA) American Society of Healthcare Engineers ASHRAE Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)Construction Associated Builders and Contractors

Building Codes and Standards International Code Council (ICC) International Accreditation Service (IAS) U.S. General Services Administration

Research and Academia National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) U.S. and Canadian Colleges and Universities

Industry and Trade Associations Air Barrier Association of America BCA ACG AAMA RCI SSPC

Insurance and Legal Ujjval Vyas Fred Butters Greg Field Outside Counsel to AIA Legal Counsel to Real Estate Investment Advisors

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BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONINGASTM/NIBS BECx Technical Advisory Committee

International Code Council (ICC)IAS AC476: Accreditation Criteria for Organizations Training/Certifying Individuals Involved in Commissioning

ISO 17024 ASHRAE Standard 202 ASTM E2813

ICC 1000 Standard for CommissioningIAS AC476 (ISO 17024)ASHRAE Standard 202ASTM E2813

U.S. Department of EnergyCommercial Workforce Credentialing Program

ISO 17024“Commissioning Professional”

USGBCLEED v.4: Reference to NIBS GL-3 will be replaced via addendum with…

ASTM E2813 New ASTM Standard Guide for BECx (GL-3) 21st NCBC Conference

BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONINGBuilding Codes and Personnel Certification and Credentialing Programs

ASTM/NIBSBUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONING PERSONNEL CERTIFICATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM

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ASTM Building Enclosure Personnel Certification Program

• Based on ASTM E2813 Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning

• In conjunction with NIBS/BETEC who will provide training

• Coordinated with NIBS/DOE Whole Building Commissioning certification program

ASTM Building Enclosure Personnel Certification Program

• Program meets requirements of ISO 17024 Conformity assessment — General requirements for bodies operating certification of persons– Confidentiality– Impartiality– Separate training from certification

ASTM Building Enclosure Personnel Certification Program

• Process– Step 1: Identify if there is a published

installation standard upon which to base the certification. (ASTM E 2813)

– Step 2: Develop a title and scope for each certification you need intend to develop

– Step 3: Conduct a job task analysis– Step 4: Identify whether the task is a K, S or A– Step 5: Develop the test instruments

ASTM Building Enclosure Personnel Certification Program

• Process– Step 6: Develop prerequisites– Step 7: Develop certification requirements– Step 8: Develop recertification requirements– Step 9: Complain resolution– Step 10: Develop a handbook to provide a

candidate instructions on how to obtain certification

ASTM Building Enclosure Personnel Certification Program

• Certifications– Building Enclosure Commissioning Provider

• Future– Building Enclosure Commissioning Technologist– Building Enclosure Commissioning ???

ASTM Building Enclosure Personnel Certification Program

• Building Enclosure Commissioning Provider– Core competency categories (ASTM E2813)

• Building and Material Science• Procurement and Project Delivery• Contract Documents and Construction Administration• Performance Test Standards and Methodology

ASTM Building Enclosure Personnel Certification Program

• Process– Need to involve representatives of who will be

impacted by the certification– Not a consensus process– Industry input desirable– Remove subjectivity

ASTM Building Enclosure Personnel Certification Program

• Challenges– Coordination with others – DOE, IAS, others– Who commissions - “team” or individual– Certification vs. accreditation– “head knowledge” vs. field experience– Where to obtain training

ASTM Building Enclosure Personnel Certification Program

• Timelines– Deliverable – CSC (April 2014)– Deliverable – test question bank and a test

instrument(s) June 2014 – Deliverable –Scheme handbook June 2014

QUESTIONS?DANIEL J. LEMIEUX, AIAPRINCIPALWISS, JANNEY, ELSTNER ASSOCIATES, INC.DLEMIEUX@WJE.COM

LAVERNE DALGLEISHPRINCIPALBUILDING PROFESSIONALS, INC.LDALGLEISH@BUILDINGPROFESSIONALS.COM

21st NCBC Conference