• To investigate and explain cellular processes, such as homeostasis, converting energy, the production of

new materials, and transporting materials.

Today’s Objective:

Can be found in the book: Chapter 7.3

REMEMBER, cells have tiny organs inside them called organelles.

Each organelle, just like the organs in your body, have a specific job they carry out for the cell’s

survival.

Also, REMEMBER some organelles have a membrane around them.

What are they called?

While other organelles do not have a protective layer.

mitochondria

ribosome

nucleus

Genetic Material The master set of directions for making proteins

(making you) is contained in DNA.

Prokaryotic cells only have one long strand of DNA

Eukaryotic cells have different amounts of DNA (depending on what type of organism it is).

Cell Control Center In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is found floating in the middle of the cell….

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found inside the nucleus.

Cell Control Center

Just as every team needs a leader, the cell needs a leader to give directions.

The nucleus is the leader of the eukaryotic cell because it contains directions to make proteins.

Every part of the cell depends on proteins, so by containing the blueprints to make proteins, the nucleus controls the actions of all the organelles.

Nucleus

• The plasma membrane (also called cell membrane) is a “skin” that covers the cell.

• All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) have a plasma membrane.

Homeostasis

Plasma membrane

Plasma membrane

Inside the cell

Outside the cell

• The plasma membrane maintains homeostasis (an internal balance) by controlling what goes in and out of the cell.

Homeostasis

Plasma Membrane

Outside the cell

Inside the cell

Energy Transformers Cells have to transform energy in order to use it.

There are two different organelles that do this as their job.

CHLOROPLAST

● Has a membrane

● Only found in eukaryotic PLANT cells

MITOCHONDRIA

● Has a membrane

● Found in ALL eukaryotic cells

Chloroplasts: organelles that use light energy and transform it into food energy in eukaryotic PLANT cells.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Chloroplasts contain green pigment called

Chlorophyll traps energy from sunlight and gives leaves and stems their green color.

chlorophyll

Chlorophyll

CHLOROPLAST

Chloroplast

Mitochondria: membrane-bound organelles in ALL eukaryotic cells that transform food energy into

chemical energy

(that we use to perform all functions: walking, talking, thinking).

Energy Transformers

Cellular respiration is the process by which mitochondria use food energy, and oxygen to create

CO2 , water, and ATP (chemical energy)

Cellular Respiration

+

Oxygen Gas

6O2 C6H12O6 →

Glucose

6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATPCarbon Dioxide Water Energy

It is the reverse process of photosynthesis