21-1 Lecture 18 Circulatory System I. 21-2 Blood Matrix between the cells is liquid Hemopoiesis...
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Transcript of 21-1 Lecture 18 Circulatory System I. 21-2 Blood Matrix between the cells is liquid Hemopoiesis...
21-1
Lecture 18
Circulatory System ICirculatory System I
21-2
Blood• Matrix between the
cells is liquid• Hemopoiesis
– Process of formation of blood cells
– Tissue found in marrow cavity and spongy bone
• Yellow
• Red
Table 4.13
21-3
Blood Vessel Structure• Arteries
– Elastic, muscular, arterioles, capillaries
• Capillaries– Most of exchange between blood and
interstitial spaces (filled with interstitial fluid) occurs across the walls
– Blood flows from capillaries to venous system
• Aneurysm– Weak point in artery or wall of heart– May rupture (hemorrhage)
21-4
Systemic Circulation: Arteries
• Aorta– From which all arteries are derived either
directly or indirectly– Parts
• Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta (thoracic and abdominal)
21-5
Branches of the Ascending Aorta
• Coronary arteries– Supply the heart’s cardiac muscle with oxygen
and nutrients
Fig. 22.9
21-6
Branches of the Aortic Arch
• First branch– Brachiocephalic
trunk– Right common
carotid and right subclavian
• Second branch– Left common
carotid
• Third branch– Left subclavian
Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian arteryVertebral artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Descendingthoracic aorta
Aortic arch
Left subclavianartery
Left commoncarotid artery
Fig. 23.12
21-7
Review Question
An interruption in blood flow that resulted in less blood reaching the right shoulder and right neck (but not affecting the opposite side) could indicate a partial blockage in the
(a) Right subclavian artery(b) Brachiocephalic artery(c) Right common carotid artery(d) Ascending aorta(e) Coronary arteries
21-8
Branches of the Aortic Arch:Head and Neck Arteries
• Branches of common carotid arteries– Internal carotid
arteries
– External carotid arteries
• Branches of the subclavian arteries– Left and right
vertebral arteries
• Internal carotids and vertebral arteries supply brain Fig. 23.10
Brachiocephalic trunk
Internal carotid arteryExternal carotid artery
Common carotid arteryVertebral artery
Subclavian artery
21-9
Branches of the Aortic Arch:Arteries of Upper Limb and Shoulder
• Three major arteries– Subclavian– Axillary– Brachial
• Subclavian is posterior to clavicle
• Axillary is within axillary region (armpit)
• Brachial is within brachium (arm)
Fig. 23.19
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery Ulnar artery
Vertebral artery
21-10
Branches of the Descending Aorta: Arteries of the Abdominal Aorta
• Three major branches (in order from superior to inferior along abdominal aorta)– Celiac trunk– Superior mesenteric artery– Inferior mesenteric artery
Right renal artery
Descending abdominalaorta
Inferior mesenteric artery
Left femoral artery
Left external iliac arteryLeft internal iliac artery
Common iliac artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Left renal artery
Celiac trunk
Fig. 23.12
21-11
Branches of the Descending Aorta: Pelvis and Lower Limb
• Abdominal aorta divides into:– Common iliac arteries
• Common iliac arteries divide into:– External iliac arteries
– Internal iliac arteries
• Popliteal artery
• Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Fig. 23.20
Posterior tibial artery
Anterior tibial artery
Popliteal artery
Femoral artery
Internal iliac artery
Common iliac artery
Anterior view Posterior view
External iliac artery
21-12
Points to RememberPoints to Remember
• Arteries transport blood away from the heart• Branches of aorta supply heart, head and
neck, shoulder and upper limb, trunk, abdomen, pelvis and lower limb
21-13
Questions?