20640503 Planer Machine Ppt

7/21/2019 20640503 Planer Machine Ppt

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PLANER MACHINES

Presented By:

Josell L. Caipang

Richard E. Lagata



What is a planer ?

A planer is a type of metalworking machine

tool that is some what similar to a shaper, !t

larger, and with the entire workpiece mo"ing

eneath the c!tter, instead of the c!tter mo"ingao"e a stationary workpiece. #he work tale is

mo"ed ack and forth on the ed eneath the

c!tting head either y mechanical means, s!ch as

a rack and pinion gear, or y a hydra!lic cylinder.

Planers and shapers were !sed generally for two

types of work: generating acc!rate flat s!rfaces

and c!tting slots.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_tool



Rack and Pinion gear



#here are two types of planers for metal: do!le0

ho!sing and open0side. #he do!le0ho!sing

"ariety has "ertical s!pports on oth sides of its

long ed1 the open0side "ariety has a "erticals!pport on only one side, allowing the workpiece

to etend eyond the ed. $etal planers can

"ary in si-e from a tale si-e of 234)564 to63()76(, and in weight from aro!nd 63,333 ls to

o"er 8,333,333 ls



CLASSIFICATIO OFPLA!R

Planer are generally di"ided into 9 types

o!le ho!sing planer

;pens side planer

Edge type planer

i"ide tale planer

Pit type planer



"OU#L! $OUSI%PLA!R $assi"e ed on which worktale

reciprocates

#wo "ertical col!mns on which two tool

head slides

Cross rail fitted etween two col!mns

and carries one or two heads slides

hori-ontally. All the tools works according to

re!irement.



OP! SI"! PLA!R

<t consist of one "ertical col!mn may

e mo!nted on the cross rail

col!mn and cross rail consist of single

and do!le tool head =sed for the machining of wide work

pieces



!"%! T&P! PLA!R

=sed for the machining on the edges of

hea"y work pieces

/ork piece is clamped on the ed

Carriage is mo!nted on the side.

C!tting tool reciprocates on the edges of

work piece

C!tting takes place on oth direction ofcarriage tra"el.



!"%! T&P!



"I'I"! T&P!PLA!R it also called tandem planer.

Consist of two worktale.

=sed for contin!o!s mass prod!ction.

;n one tale the work piece is eing

machined and on the other tale work

piece is on standy.

#wo tale are also %oin together whenneeded.



"I'I"! T&P! PLA!R



PIT T&P! PLA!R

;n this type work piece and tool are

stationary and tale reciprocates.

=sed for the machining of hea"y !lky

work piece ;ne or two tool heads can e mo!nted

on the cross rail. #wo side tool post are

mo!nted if needed.



PLANING MACHINEPARTS

#he principle parts of the planer are:

Bed

#ale

Col!mn

Cross rail #ool head



#!"

#he ed of a planer is

large in si-e and hea"y in

weight

<t s!pports the col!mn

and all other mo"ing parts

of the machine

<t is made slightly longer

than twice the length of

the tale so that the f!lllength of the tale may

e mo"ed on it



TA#L!

#he tale s!pports the work

and reciprocates along the

ways of the ed

#ale is made from good

!ality cast iron #he top face of the tale is

acc!rately finished in order to

locate the work correctly

#0slots are pro"ided on the

entire length of the tale sothat the work and work

holding de"ices may e

olted !pon it



COLUM

#hese are rigid o0like

"ertical str!ct!res placed on

each side of the ed and are

fastened to the sides of the

ed #hey are hea"ily ried to

trace !p se"ere forces d!e

to c!tting

#he cross rail may e madeto slide !p and down for

accommodating different

heights of work



CROSSRAIL

<t is a rigid o0like casting

connecting the two col!mns

<t may e raised or lowered on

the face of the ho!sing and can

e clamped at a desired position

y man!al or electrical clampingde"ices

<t sho!ld remain asol!tely

parallel to the top s!rface of the

tale

<t is necessary to generate a flathori-ontal s!rface on a work

piece eca!se the tool follows the

part on the cross rail d!ring cross

feed



TOOL$!A"

#ool heads are mo!nted on

the cross rail y a saddle

#he saddle may e made to

mo"e trans"ersely on the

cross rail to gi"e cross feed #he swi"el ase is pi"oted on

the saddle and is grad!ated

on each side to 73 degrees

the clapper lock is hinged at

hinge pins to the clapperlock and it holds the tool

post in which the tool is

clamped y straps



Tool and Applications



Magnetic base dial testindicator



PLANEROPERATIONS



Introd(ction

;perations performed in a planer are similar

to that of a shaper. #he only difference is that

a planer is specially designed for planning

large work, whereas a shaper can machineonly small work. #he common types of work

machined in a planer are: the ases and

tales of all kinds of machine tools, large

str!ct!res, frames of different engines andidentical pieces of work which may e small

in si-e !t large in n!mer.



The co))on operationsperfor)ed in a planer are*

Planning flat hori-ontal s!rfaces.

Planning "ertical s!rfaces.

Planning at an angle and machining

do"etails.

Planning c!r"ed s!rfaces.

Planning slots and groo"es.



Planning hori+ontal s(rfaces*,

/hile machining hori-ontal s!rface, the

work is gi"en a reciprocating mo"ement

along with the tale and the tool is fed

crosswise to complete the c!t. Both therailheads may e !sed for sim!ltaneo!s

remo"al of the metal from two c!tting

edges.



Planning -erticals(rface*, #he "ertical s!rface of a work is planed

y ad%!sting the saddle hori-ontally along

the cross rail !ntil the tool is in a position

to gi"e the re!ired depth of c!t. #he"ertical slide is ad%!sted perpendic!lar to

the planer tale and the apron is

swi"eled in a direction so that the tool will

swing clear o!t of the machined s!rface

d!ring the ret!rn stroke.



Planning ang(lars(rface*, >or do"etail work , c!tting " ?groo"es

etc. the tool head is swi"eled to the

re!ired angle and the apron is then

f!rther swi"eled away from the work togi"e relief to the tool c!tting edges

d!ring the ret!rn stroke.



Planning c(r-eds(rface*, #his ill!strates simple method of planning

a conca"e s!rface with the aid of a

special fit!re consisting of a radi!s arm 2

and a racket 6. the racket is connectedto the cross memer attached to the two

ho!sings. ;ne end of the radi!s arm 2 is

pi"oted on the racket and the other end

to the "ertical slide ' of the tool head. #hedown feed screw of the tool head is

remo"ed.



Planning slots orgroo-es*, @lots or groo"es are c!t y !sing slotting

tools. #he operations is similar to that of

a shaper.



PLANNER TOOLS



#he c!tting tools !sed on planers are

all single point c!tting tools.

#hey are in general similar in shapes

and tool angles to those !sed on a

lathe and shaping machine.

As a planer tool has to take !p hea"y

c!t and coarse feed d!ring a long

c!tting stroke , the tools are madehea"ier and larger in cross section.



Planer tools may e solid , forged type or

it type.

Bits are made of high speed steel, stelliteor cemented caride and they may e

ra-ed , welded or clamped on a mild

steel shank. Cemented caride tipped tools are !sed

for prod!ction work.

A planer tool may also e classified asright hand or left hand and ro!ghing or

finishing .



planer are*, Right hand ro(ndnosed ro(ghing tool for cast

iron/



Right hand ro(nd nosed ro(ghingtool for steel/



S0(are nosed side facingro(ghing tool for cast iron/



%ooseneck 1nishing tool for castiron and steel/



Left hand do-etail end c(ttingro(ghing tool for cast iron/



Cutting Speed ,eed And!ept" O# Cut$

C!tting speed.

>eed.

epth of c!t.



CUTTI% SP!!"*

#he c!tting speed of a planner is the

rate at the metal is remo"ed d!ring

the forward c!tting stroke.



F!!"*,

#he feed in planning machine is the

distance the tool head tra"els at the

eginning of each c!tting stroke

epressed in mm per do!le stroke.



"!PT$ OF CUT/

<t is the thickness of metal remo"ed in

one c!t and is meas!red y the

perpendic!lar distance etween the

machined and no machined s!rfaceepressed in mm.



MAC$II% TIM!/

#he c!tting speed , feed , length of

c!tting stroke , readth of the %o and

n!mer of do!le strokes per min!te for

a planer operation are known , themachining time re!ired for one

complete c!t may e calc!lated .



SAF!T& O T$! PLA!R/

Protect the machine from !rrs and

irreg!larities of the work pieces .

Le"eling of machine tales sho!ld of

the maintained properly. =se of crane in fiing the work piece

sho!ld e done caref!lly. #he operator

m!st attach a clamp and a sling eforethe part is picked !p y the crane.



>or the s!rfacing work the tool head is set

"ertically . Appropriate tests sho!ld e

carried o!t for the same. #he depth of the c!t and the feed rate are

always dependent on materials of tool and

work piece . <t sho!ld not e set at a high

"al!e %!st eca!se the planner is a powerf!l

machine tool.

@afety cl!tch m!st e pro"ide for feed and

power rapid tra"erse , to pre"ent reakage inthe e"ent the tale sho!ld r!n against an

ostr!ction.



THANK YOU

20640503 Planer Machine Ppt

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