2019 SFWST Roadmap Update – Workshop Methodology and ...€¦ · 2019 SFWST Roadmap Update –...

Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology

2019 SFWST Roadmap Update –Workshop Methodology

and Breakout Group AssignmentsS. David Sevougian

Sandia National Laboratories

2019 SFWST (UFD) R&D Roadmap Update WorkshopUNLV – SEB

Las Vegas, NevadaJanuary 15-17, 2019

Acknowledgement: Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. SAND2019-0302 PE


January 2019 SFWST (UFD) R&D Roadmap Update WorkshopJanuary 15, 2019

Workshop (and Future) Goals

2

Consensus of Project experts regarding:1. What we have accomplished on generic repository R&D

documentation (deliverables since 2012 R&D Roadmap) mapped to R&D Issues (FEPs) and R&D Activities

There are currently 796 DR deliverables since 2010 (M2s, M3s, and M4s; 379 were M2s & M3s)!! – does not include S&T deliverables

2. What we still need to accomplish on generic repository R&D updated R&D Roadmap or Plan (via the new R&D Activities

spreadsheet)

Primary focus of the next three days will be the second goal (which is clearly based on the first goal), as I will explain….



Key Points to Keep in Mind

3

1. This Workshop is not the be-all and end-all: it is an important “snapshot” consensus of Campaign experts regarding

what R&D has been completed and what is still needed at this point in time – the 2012 Roadmap was stated to be a “living” document

2. We may re-package and re-map after the Workshop to make this info more easily accessible to stakeholders, e.g., map the Activities and Deliverables to a Safety Case Document structure

(see MacKinnon, Sevougian, and Freeze, June 19, 2013)

3. One of our Campaign goals should be to have an initial safety case ready at the time siting begins – regardless of the host rock

4. After we process the outcomes of this Workshop, a follow-on may be desirable next FY

5. Initial spreadsheet entries are only to facilitate discussion!!! Thanks Ralph and Dave!!



Workshop Guidelines

Respect each participant: – Don’t take part in side conversations – Listen and ask clarifying questions

Everyone’s input is equally valued

It will take everyone’s effort to make this succeed– We will all have to come to some common and collegial “calibration”:

• Good example: the Apollo moon program• Bad example: the Wall

Use the “parking lot” for off-track topics or issues that need to be resolved

No idea is bad idea, but try to stick to the methodology

Respect differences

Silence cell phones, etc.!!!

Speak UP!!!!!!!!March 6, 2013 2



Prioritization Is Needed

5

Constraints on R&D activities:1. Time

2. Resources

General R&D Prioritization Methodology: Qualitative with a quantitative (or systematic) basis:

• Qualitative: Resources (personnel and funds) apportioned to broad work-package areas based on expert/management judgment (e.g., PICS-NE)

• Qualitative – Quantitative: Resources further divided based on importance of individual R&D “quanta” (issues or activities), with the “importance” having an “expert-quantified” basis from a decision analysis workshop(s), such this one.

⇒ prioritization of R&D is required}



Prioritization process can be formalized (as in 2012 UFD Roadmap)1. Identify a set of items (or “quanta”) to be evaluated (e.g., activities, issues, or options, …)2. Identify criteria and associated metrics for assessing the set of items: Potential to reduce key uncertainties, i.e., to change the SAL (or TRL) Importance to the safety case and PA (e.g., to safety assessment, technical bases, confidence-building) Other factors, e.g., cost, redundancies and/or synergies among the items, stakeholder objectives, etc.

3. Evaluate each item (R&D Activity) against the metrics4. Define a “utility function” (or ranking function) to combine the metric values and produce

an overall ranking or score for each R&D Activity

Formal Prioritization Process

66

§ Cost not formally considered in this update workshop.

§



Phases of a Repository Project(and maturation of safety case)

7

20?? 2010 –YMP LA

2012 – UFD Roadmap

2019 –SFWST Roadmap Update



simply a standard FEPs* list used on all repository programs (tailored to the U.S. program)

Three basic metrics used to for prioritization:

1. Importance to the safety case (safety assessment, design/construction/operations, and confidence building)

2. Current state-of-the-art knowledge about the Issue3. Importance of Issue at various “decision points” in the

repository timeline

2012 UFD R&D Roadmap

8

To help prioritize generic R&D for a deep geologic repository in one of three potential host-rock environments: argillite, crystalline, and bedded salt – deep borehole also considered

Two expert decision analysis workshops conducted

Generic R&D to be prioritized in the workshops was quantizedas a set of ∼ 354 R&D Issues: UFD FEP

Number FEP Description Associated Processes

2.0.00.00 2. DISPOSAL SYSTEM FACTORS

2.1.00.00 1. WASTES AND ENGINEERED FEATURES

2.1.03.00 1.03. WASTE CONTAINER

2.1.03.02 General Corrosion of Waste Packages

- Dry-air oxidation in anoxic condition - Humid-air corrosion in anoxic condition - Aqueous phase corrosion in anoxic condition - Passive film formation and stability - Chemistry of brine contacting WP - Salt deliquescence

2.1.03.03 Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of Waste Packages

- Residual stress distribution in WP from fabrication - Stress development and distribution in contact with

salt undergoing creep deformation - Crack initiation, growth and propagation

2.1.03.04 Localized Corrosion of Waste Packages

- Pitting - Crevice corrosion

2.1.03.05 Hydride Cracking of Waste Packages

- Hydrogen diffusion through metal matrix - Crack initiation and growth in metal hydride phases

2.1.09.00 1.09. CHEMICAL PROCESSES - CHEMISTRY

2.1.09.05 Chemical Interaction of Water with Corrosion Products - In Waste Packages

- Corrosion product formation and composition (waste form, waste package internals, waste package)

- Evolution of water chemistry in waste packages, in backfill, and in tunnels

2.1.09.11 Electrochemical Effects in EBS

- Enhanced metal corrosion

2.1.11.00 1.11. THERMAL PROCESSES

2.1.11.13 Thermal Effects on Chemistry and Microbial Activity in EBS

Potential R&D “Issues” used in 2012 Roadmap (based on 208 original FEPs)* Features, Events, and Processes



Example Output – 2012 Roadmap

9

UFD FEP ID UFD FEP Title DiscussionPerformance

(Safety Analysis)

Design, Construction,

Operations

Overall Confidence

Discussion Status Discussion

2.1.03.00 1.03. WASTE CONTAINER

2.1.03.01 Early Failure of Waste Packages

Also Material Specific.

Need design/materials defined to conduct

further R&D

Generic R&D on closure and NDE methods.

High High High

Early waste container failure may be of high importance for performance (magnitude of risk and

timing)

Manner in which waste containers are closed could be of high importance to design and operations.

Early waste package failure of high importance for overall confidence in the safety case

Fundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental

Data Needs

Depends on material/design. Some more advanced than others.

U.S. program has evaluated manufacturing defects for the TAD and large waste package concept considered

at Yucca Mountain. Other programs have also investigated closure techniques for different materials.

2.1.03.02 General Corrosion of Waste Packages Also media specific

Specific to EBS materials and concept

design

Applies to waste container and any other "isolation" barriers that could be included in a

design.

Focus on material performance under various conditions

High Medium High

May be of high importance for performance in certain environments. In addition, the waste

container is a key part of a multiple-barrier disposal system concept and must be included in the safety

analysis.

More Important from a gas generation standpoint in salt and perhaps clay. More Important to granite

from a hyrdologic barrier capability standpoint. Not very important to deep borehole for either gas

generation or barrier capability.

At least Medium importance for design - could effect container / overpack design. Could impact handling

/ operation (constraints)

High importance for overall confidence - primary isolation barrier. Medium importance for for overall confidence in specific EBS design concepts and

repository environments

Fundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental

Data Needs

Considerable studies in the corrosion of a variety of metallic materials both in the U.S. and abroad that can be leveraged. Some knowledge gaps exist regarding degradation modes for various alloys under various conditions. Little/no information available regarding

new/novel materials

Uncertainty in extrapolating short-term laboratory tests to long-time periods and spatially variable conditions.

Interest in gas generation resulting from corrosion in some programs (Europe)

Potential for novel alloys with increased resistance to corrosion - little information known.

Process (Issue) Importance of Issue/Process to Safety Case State of the Art Relative to Issue/Process

* Eight columns deleted regarding “importance to decision points

*

Small matrix w priority

ObjectiveFeatureProcess (Issue)Ability to Address through Generic R&DImportance of Issue/Process to Safety CaseState of the Art Relative to Issue/ProcessFCT PROGRAM INTERFACEImportance of Issue/Process and Adequacy of the Current State of the Art Relative to Decision Points

MediaSite ScreeningSite SelectionSite Characterization and Disposal System DesignSite Suitability

UFD FEP IDUFD FEP TitleProcess/Issue DescriptionYes/No/PartialDiscussionPerformance(Safety Analysis)Design, Construction,OperationsOverall ConfidenceDiscussionStatusDiscussionImportanceAdequacyImportanceAdequacyImportanceAdequacyImportanceAdequacyPriority "score"

0.0.00.000. ASSESSMENT BASIS

AllSystem0.1.02.01Timescales of ConcernPartial - Site Specific, Design SpecificThe overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). HighLowHighThe timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.

Expected to be of low importance to design/construction/operations - could influence the selection of EBS materials and its design.

Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.Well UnderstoodTimescales of concern are well understood (note National Academy of Sciences Technical Basis for Yucca Mountain Standards).High: Information is essential to decisionsCompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)High: Information is essential to decisionsCompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)High: Information is essential to decisionsCompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)High: Information is essential to decisionsCompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)0

AllSystem1.2.01.01Tectonic Activity – Large Scale- Uplift- FoldingPartial - Site SpecificIssue is primarily site specific. Process occurs over very long time periods (geologic time). R&D could evaluate potential for diagenesis within potential sites.N/AN/ALowLarge-Scale tectonic processes are very slow and are not expected to be a "credible" process or event that would occur over the very long-term and would not be considered in the safety analysis (FEP expected to be screened out). Would not affect design/construction/operations. Ascribed low importance for supporting overall confidence in the safety case - demonstration that it would not occurImproved ConfidenceInformation regarding large scale tectonics exists, improvements may support future site screening activitiesInterface with other organizations/groups conducting R&D on large-scale tectonicsHigh: Information is essential to decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)High: Information is essential to decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)N/ACompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)N/ACompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)1.4437222974

Limited Release - Enineered BarriersEngineered Barriers2.1.09.55Formation of Colloids in EBS- In Waste Form- In Waste Package- In Backfill- In Tunnel- Formation of intrinsic colloids- Formation of pseudo colloids (host rock fragments, waste form fragments, corrosion products, microbes)- Formation of co-precipitated colloids- Sorption/attachment of radionuclides to colloids (clay, silica, waste form, FeOx, microbes)Partial - Site Specific, Design SpecificDependent on EBS design concept (disposal facility geometry and materials) and site/media (advection/diffusion dominated system).

Generic R&D would investigate colloid formation processes in materials for individual barriers and components of the EBS. Focus would be on methods development and controlling processes. Parameters could be determined for EBS materials if independent from site/media and specific design.MediumMediumMediumAdvanced waste forms may generated colloids that could potentially be important with respect to radionuclide transport. There is potential for colloid formation in clay barriers as a result barrier erosion and mechanical degradation. Colloid transport requires certain conditions for the hosting media which are not expected in buffer/backfill repository environments.Fundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsAlthough colloids might form, their role in transport will be highly dependent on other parameters of the EBS. Colloidal phases may have an important effect of radionuclide solubility but their stability under various conditions and their role as soilubility-controlling phases is still a matter of research.

The role of humics, fulvics and other organic materials has been widely studied in the EU.Interface with Separations/Waste Form Campaign regarding colloid formation/stability within waste forms.

Interface with NEAMS and DOE-EM ASCEM program in the development of advanced radionuclide transport models.

Interface with UFD-NS program in development of radionuclide transport modeling approaches (as applicable to colloids).N/AN/ALow: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)1.7877764348

Limited Release - Enineered BarriersEngineered Barriers2.1.09.56Stability of Colloids in EBS- In Waste Form- In Waste Package- In Backfill- In Tunnel- Chemical stability of attachment (dependent on water chemistry)- Mechanical stability of colloid (dependent on colloid size, gravitational setting)Partial - Site Specific, Design SpecificDependent on EBS design concept (disposal facility geometry and materials) and site/media (advection/diffusion dominated system).

Generic R&D would investigate colloid formation processes in materials for individual barriers and components of the EBS. Focus would be on methods development and controlling processes. Parameters could be determined for EBS materials if independent from site/media and specific design.MediumMediumMediumAdvanced waste forms may generated colloids that could potentially be important with respect to radionuclide transport. There is potential for colloid formation in clay barriers as a result barrier erosion and mechanical degradation. Colloid transport requires certain conditions for the hosting media which are not expected in buffer/backfill repository environments.Fundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsAlthough colloids might form, their role in transport will be highly dependent on other parameters of the EBS. Colloidal phases may have an important effect of radionuclide solubility but their stability under various conditions and their role as soilubility-controlling phases is still a matter of research.



Interface with UFD-NS program in development of radionuclide transport modeling approaches (as applicable to colloids).N/AN/ALow: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)1.7877764348

Limited Release - Natural Barriers, Dispersion and DilutionNatural System - Geosphere2.2.07.01Mechanical Effects on Host Rock- From subsidence- From salt creep- From clay deformation- From granite deformation (rockfall / drift collapse into tunnels- Chemical precipitaiton/ dissolution- Stress regimes

[see also Subsidence in 1.2.02.01, Thermal-Mechanical Effects in 2.2.11.06 and Thermal-Chemical Alteration in 2.2.11.07]Partial - Site Specific, Design SpecificCan be addressed generically for different rock typesHighHighHighMechanical effects are more important in near-field than far-field. Importance is dependent of rock typeFundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsEuropean programs starting multi-year projects investigating thermal-mechanical and moisture effects.

Note that there are also international collaborations in EM

Need to interface with EBS.Granite/CrystallineN/AN/ALow: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Low: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Low: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)1.6280928793

Mechanical Effects on Host RockPartial - Site Specific, Design SpecificHighHighHighFundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsDeep BoreholesN/AN/ALow: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Low: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Low: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)1.6280928793

Limited Release - Natural Barriers, Dispersion and DilutionNatural System - Geosphere2.3.08.02Surface Runoff and Evapotranspiration- Runoff, impoundments, flooding, increased recharge- Evaporation- Transpiration (root uptake)

[see also Climate Change in 1.3.01.01, Erosion in 2.3.07.01][contributes to Infiltration in 2.3.08.03]Partial - Site SpecificEffects would be included in geosphere flow and transport LowN/ALowLocal infiltration likely to be important only for unsaturated sites. Could be considered in regional flow modeling for saturated environmentsImproved RepresentationRegional ground water flow modeling is well understood. Could be opportunity for model improvement, including surface recharge component.Low: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Low: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)1.6

Limited Release - Natural Barriers, Dispersion and DilutionNatural System - Biosphere2.3.09.54Radionuclide Accumulation in Soils- Leaching/evaporation from discharge (well, groundwater upwelling)- Deposition from atmosphere or water (irrigation, runoff)Partial - Site SpecificCharacterization and modeling methods. Parameters are site specificMediumN/ALowRadionuclide transport processes in the biosphere, while needed in evaluating disposal system performance, are expected to be very site specific. Their overall importance to performance is expected to be low.Well UnderstoodRadionuclide transport processes in the biosphere are well understood and used in many different application.

Improved models for representing process could potentially build confidence in the safety caseN/AN/AN/AN/AMedium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)0.8524090797

Limited Release - Natural Barriers, Dispersion and DilutionNatural System - Biosphere3.3.04.01Ingestion- Food products- Soil, surface waterYesMethodsMediumN/ALowRadionuclide transport processes in the biosphere, while needed in evaluating disposal system performance, are expected to be very site specific. Their overall importance to performance is expected to be low.Well UnderstoodRadionuclide transport processes in the biosphere are well understood and used in many different application.

Improved models for representing process could potentially build confidence in the safety caseN/AN/AN/AN/ALow: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Low: Information useful but not necessaryPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)0.5369840713

AllNatural System - Geosphere2.2.03.01Stratigraphy and Properties of Other Geologic Units (Non-Host-Rock)- Rock units- Thickness, lateral extent, heterogeneities, discontinuities, contacts- Physical properties- Flow pathways

[see also Fractures in 2.2.05.01 and Faults in 2.2.05.02]Partial - Site SpecificCharacterization methodsHighLowHighOther geologic units may define far field release pathways. Judged to be high for performance (safety analysis), low for design, construction and operations, (Information about other geologic units above the repository horizon is necessary for the development of ramps, shafts, and seals) and high for overall confidence.Improved RepresentationMany site characterization methods have been developed for repository and other related programs. Can be grouped with issues in 2.2.02.01. Different investigation methods (e.g., from surface rather than from underground excavation) may be used.Granite/CrystallineN/AN/AMedium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)2.4640520171Note: for this issue, the scores are identical for each media, so the ranking is the same for all media

Stratigraphy and Properties of Other Geologic Units (Non-Host-Rock)- Rock units- Thickness, lateral extent, heterogeneities, discontinuities, contacts- Physical properties- Flow pathways

[see also Fractures in 2.2.05.01 and Faults in 2.2.05.02]Partial - Site SpecificCharacterization methodsHighLowHighOther geologic units may define far field release pathways. Judged to be high for performance (safety analysis), low for design, construction and operations, (Information about other geologic units above the repository horizon is necessary for the development of ramps, shafts, and seals) and high for overall confidence.Improved RepresentationDeep BoreholesN/AN/AMedium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)2.4640520171


[see also Fractures in 2.2.05.01 and Faults in 2.2.05.02]Partial - Site SpecificCharacterization methodsHighLowHighOther geologic units may define far field release pathways. Judged to be high for performance (safety analysis), low for design, construction and operations, (Information about other geologic units above the repository horizon is necessary for the development of ramps, shafts, and seals) and high for overall confidence.Improved RepresentationSaltN/AN/AMedium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)2.4640520171


[see also Fractures in 2.2.05.01 and Faults in 2.2.05.02]Partial - Site SpecificCharacterization methodsHighLowHighOther geologic units may define far field release pathways. Judged to be high for performance (safety analysis), low for design, construction and operations, (Information about other geologic units above the repository horizon is necessary for the development of ramps, shafts, and seals) and high for overall confidence.Improved RepresentationClay/ShaleN/AN/AMedium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)2.4640520171

Test low- Rock units- Thickness, lateral extent, heterogeneities, discontinuities, contacts- Physical properties- Flow pathways

[see also Fractures in 2.2.05.01 and Faults in 2.2.05.02]Partial - Site SpecificCharacterization methodsLowLowLowOther geologic units may define far field release pathways. Judged to be high for performance (safety analysis), low for design, construction and operations, (Information about other geologic units above the repository horizon is necessary for the development of ramps, shafts, and seals) and high for overall confidence.Improved RepresentationClay/ShaleLow: Information useful but not necessaryCompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)Low: Information useful but not necessaryCompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)Low: Information useful but not necessaryCompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)Low: Information useful but not necessaryCompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)0

Test high- Rock units- Thickness, lateral extent, heterogeneities, discontinuities, contacts- Physical properties- Flow pathways

[see also Fractures in 2.2.05.01 and Faults in 2.2.05.02]YesCharacterization methodsHighHighHighOther geologic units may define far field release pathways. Judged to be high for performance (safety analysis), low for design, construction and operations, (Information about other geologic units above the repository horizon is necessary for the development of ramps, shafts, and seals) and high for overall confidence.Improved RepresentationClay/ShaleHigh: Information is essential to decisionsInsufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)High: Information is essential to decisionsInsufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)High: Information is essential to decisionsInsufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)High: Information is essential to decisionsInsufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)10

Test A- Rock units- Thickness, lateral extent, heterogeneities, discontinuities, contacts- Physical properties- Flow pathways

[see also Fractures in 2.2.05.01 and Faults in 2.2.05.02]Partial - Site SpecificCharacterization methodsLowHighHighOther geologic units may define far field release pathways. Judged to be high for performance (safety analysis), low for design, construction and operations, (Information about other geologic units above the repository horizon is necessary for the development of ramps, shafts, and seals) and high for overall confidence.Improved RepresentationClay/ShaleN/ACompletely sufficient (no additional info needed)High: Information is essential to decisionsInsufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)High: Information is essential to decisionsInsufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)5.4030521616

Test B- Rock units- Thickness, lateral extent, heterogeneities, discontinuities, contacts- Physical properties- Flow pathways

[see also Fractures in 2.2.05.01 and Faults in 2.2.05.02]Partial - Site SpecificCharacterization methodsLowMediumLowOther geologic units may define far field release pathways. Judged to be high for performance (safety analysis), low for design, construction and operations, (Information about other geologic units above the repository horizon is necessary for the development of ramps, shafts, and seals) and high for overall confidence.Improved RepresentationClay/ShaleHigh: Information is essential to decisionsInsufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)High: Information is essential to decisionsInsufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)6.1

Test C- Rock units- Thickness, lateral extent, heterogeneities, discontinuities, contacts- Physical properties- Flow pathways

[see also Fractures in 2.2.05.01 and Faults in 2.2.05.02]Partial - Site SpecificCharacterization methodsMediumMediumMediumOther geologic units may define far field release pathways. Judged to be high for performance (safety analysis), low for design, construction and operations, (Information about other geologic units above the repository horizon is necessary for the development of ramps, shafts, and seals) and high for overall confidence.Improved RepresentationClay/ShaleMedium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Medium: Information supports or improves decisionsPartially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)High: Information is essential to decisionsInsufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)High: Information is essential to decisionsInsufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)5.0

Used Fuel Disposition CampaignR&D Roadmap Prioritization Information Matrix


Draft Revision 0aPage &P of &NDecember 2010


Example scores

ObjectiveFeatureProcess (Issue)Ability to Address through Generic R&DImportance of Issue/Process to Safety CaseState of the Art Relative to Issue/ProcessFCT PROGRAM INTERFACEImportance of Issue/Process and Adequacy of the Current State of the Art Relative to Decision Points

MediaSite ScreeningSite SelectionSite Characterization and Disposal System DesignSite SuitabilityImportance/priority at each decision pointOverall priority

UFD FEP IDUFD FEP TitleProcess/Issue DescriptionYes/No/PartialDiscussionPerformance(Safety Analysis)Design, Construction,OperationsOverall ConfidenceDiscussionStatusDiscussionSC importanceImportanceAdequacySC importanceImportanceAdequacySC importanceImportanceAdequacySC importanceImportanceAdequacyScreeingSelect.Char.Suit.

0.0.00.000. ASSESSMENT BASIS

AllSystem0.1.02.01Timescales of Concern1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 313The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.


Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.0Timescales of concern are well understood (note National Academy of Sciences Technical Basis for Yucca Mountain Standards).2.61302.61302.61302.613000000

AllSystem1.2.01.01Tectonic Activity – Large Scale- Uplift- Folding1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 001The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.


Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.1Information regarding large scale tectonics exists, improvements may support future site screening activitiesInterface with other organizations/groups conducting R&D on large-scale tectonics0.31320.31320.3000.4002.22111122682.2211112268001.4437222974

Limited Release - Enineered BarriersEngineered Barriers2.1.09.55Formation of Colloids in EBS- In Waste Form- In Waste Package- In Backfill- In Tunnel- Formation of intrinsic colloids- Formation of pseudo colloids (host rock fragments, waste form fragments, corrosion products, microbes)- Formation of co-precipitated colloids- Sorption/attachment of radionuclides to colloids (clay, silica, waste form, FeOx, microbes)1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 222The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.


Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.2Although colloids might form, their role in transport will be highly dependent on other parameters of the EBS. Colloidal phases may have an important effect of radionuclide solubility but their stability under various conditions and their role as soilubility-controlling phases is still a matter of research.



Interface with UFD-NS program in development of radionuclide transport modeling approaches (as applicable to colloids).20021224224201.77783766772.82214138392.82214138391.7877764348

Limited Release - Enineered BarriersEngineered Barriers2.1.09.56Stability of Colloids in EBS- In Waste Form- In Waste Package- In Backfill- In Tunnel- Chemical stability of attachment (dependent on water chemistry)- Mechanical stability of colloid (dependent on colloid size, gravitational setting)1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 222The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.


Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.2Although colloids might form, their role in transport will be highly dependent on other parameters of the EBS. Colloidal phases may have an important effect of radionuclide solubility but their stability under various conditions and their role as soilubility-controlling phases is still a matter of research.



Interface with UFD-NS program in development of radionuclide transport modeling approaches (as applicable to colloids).20021224224201.77783766772.82214138392.82214138391.7877764348

Limited Release - Natural Barriers, Dispersion and DilutionNatural System - Geosphere2.2.07.01Mechanical Effects on Host Rock- From subsidence- From salt creep- From clay deformation- From granite deformation (rockfall / drift collapse into tunnels- Chemical precipitaiton/ dissolution- Stress regimes

[see also Subsidence in 1.2.02.01, Thermal-Mechanical Effects in 2.2.11.06 and Thermal-Chemical Alteration in 2.2.11.07]1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 333The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.


Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.2European programs starting multi-year projects investigating thermal-mechanical and moisture effects.

Note that there are also international collaborations in EM

Need to interface with EBS.Granite/Crystalline30031231231202.03511609912.03511609912.03511609911.6280928793

1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 333The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.


Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.2Deep Boreholes30031231231202.03511609912.03511609912.03511609911.6280928793

Limited Release - Natural Barriers, Dispersion and DilutionNatural System - Geosphere2.3.08.02Surface Runoff and Evapotranspiration- Runoff, impoundments, flooding, increased recharge- Evaporation- Transpiration (root uptake)

[see also Climate Change in 1.3.01.01, Erosion in 2.3.07.01][contributes to Infiltration in 2.3.08.03]1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 101The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.


Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.1Regional ground water flow modeling is well understood. Could be opportunity for model improvement, including surface recharge component.0.8120.8120.8420.8421.30992199341.30992199342.07937155042.07937155041.5792293384

Limited Release - Natural Barriers, Dispersion and DilutionNatural System - Biosphere2.3.09.54Radionuclide Accumulation in Soils- Leaching/evaporation from discharge (well, groundwater upwelling)- Deposition from atmosphere or water (irrigation, runoff)1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 201The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.


Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.0Radionuclide transport processes in the biosphere are well understood and used in many different application.

Improved models for representing process could potentially build confidence in the safety case1.3001.3001.3421.242002.44464922752.38028622930.8524090797

Limited Release - Natural Barriers, Dispersion and DilutionNatural System - Biosphere3.3.04.01Ingestion- Food products- Soil, surface water2The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 201The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.



Improved models for representing process could potentially build confidence in the safety case1.3001.3001.3121.212001.54003251071.49948636250.5369840713

AllNatural System - Geosphere2.2.03.01Stratigraphy and Properties of Other Geologic Units (Non-Host-Rock)- Rock units- Thickness, lateral extent, heterogeneities, discontinuities, contacts- Physical properties- Flow pathways

[see also Fractures in 2.2.05.01 and Faults in 2.2.05.02]1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 313The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.


Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.1Many site characterization methods have been developed for repository and other related programs. Can be grouped with issues in 2.2.02.01. Different investigation methods (e.g., from surface rather than from underground excavation) may be used.Granite/Crystalline2.6002.6422.6422.64203.08006502143.08006502143.08006502142.4640520171



Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.1Deep Boreholes2.6002.6422.6422.64203.08006502143.08006502143.08006502142.4640520171



Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.1Salt2.6002.6422.6422.64203.08006502143.08006502143.08006502142.4640520171



Timescales of high importance to overall confidence in the safety case and to stakeholders.1Clay/Shale2.6002.6422.6422.64203.08006502143.08006502143.08006502142.4640520171

Test low- Food products- Soil, surface water1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 111The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.



Improved models for representing process could potentially build confidence in the safety case11011011011000000

Test high- Food products- Soil, surface water2The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 333The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.



Improved models for representing process could potentially build confidence in the safety case31333133313331331010101010

Test A- Food products- Soil, surface water1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 133The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.



Improved models for representing process could potentially build confidence in the safety case20021332422.213309.09257844962.82214138399.2949888825.4030521616

Test B- Food products- Soil, surface water1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 121The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.



Improved models for representing process could potentially build confidence in the safety case1.21331.21331.2421.2428.11083283088.11083283082.38028622932.38028622936.1051415203

Test C- Food products- Soil, surface water1The overall timescales of concern will be established by policy and/or regulations. However, generic R&D can be used to address timescale issues. Examples include: generic R&D to identify the time at which some wastes become much less hazardous (e.g., Cs/Sr separated in an advanced cycle). 222The timescales of concern can be of high importance to the safety analysis in that they establish the duration over which processes must be understood and modeled.



Improved models for representing process could potentially build confidence in the safety case242242213321332.82214138392.82214138399.09257844969.09257844965.0167943569





PickLists

Decision PointLead TimeCost

ObjectivesSite Specific ApplicabilityImportance to safety caseAdequacyState of the ArtSite Screening0 - 2 years< 100K

ContainmentNo0High3Completely sufficient (no additional info needed)0Well Understood0Site Selection2 - 5 years100K - 200K

Limited Release - Enineered BarriersYes2Medium2Partially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)2Fundamental Gaps in Method2Site Characterization5 - 10 years200K - 300K

Limited Release - Natural BarriersPartial - Site Specific1Low1Insufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)3Fundamental Data Needs2Site Suitability10 - 15 years300K - 400K

Dispersion and DilutionPartial - Design Specific1N/A0N/A0Fundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data Needs2?15 - 20 years400K - 500K

Containment, Limited Release Engineered BarriersPartial - Operations Specific1??Improved Representation1> 20 years500K - 600K

Limited Release - Natural Barriers, Dispersion and DilutionPartial - Site Specific, Design Specific1Improved Confidence1?600K - 700K

AllPartial - Design Specific, Operations Specific1Improved Defensibility1700K - 800K

N/A800K - 900K

Importance to Decision Points900K - 1M

FeaturesHigh: Information is essential to decisions131M - 1.25M

Waste FormMedium: Information supports or improves decisions41.25M - 1.5M

Waste PackagingLow: Information useful but not necessary11.5M - 1.75M

Backfill/BufferN/A01.75M - 2.0M

Seals?2.0 M - 2.5M

Other Engineered Features2.5M - 3.0M

Natural System - Geosphere3.0M - 3.5M

Natural System - Biosphere3.5M - 4.0M

System4.0M - 4.5M

Engineered Barriers4.5M - 5.0M

N/A5.0M - 6.0M

6.0M - 7.0M

7.0M - 8.0M

8.0M - 9.0M

9.0M - 10.0M

10M - 15M

15M - 20M

20M - 25M

>25M

?

Value fns

Importance of safety case components

Treated as weights in a weighted additive function, result is a 0-3 score for overall importance to the safety case

Safety assessmentDesign, construction, operationsConfidence

Site Screening0.50000.20000.3000

Site selection0.50000.20000.3000

Site characterization0.50000.20000.3000

Site Suitability0.40000.20000.4000

Overall importance to the decision point (combining importance to the safety case at that point and importance to the decision)

Arbitrary/assessed value scale translating the two importance scores to a overall importance for each decision point

Importance to the decision point

Importance to the safety case (calculated from the three component scores -- all "high" = 3, all "low" = 1Low: Information useful but not necessaryMedium: Information supports or improves decisionsHigh: Information is essential to decisionsN/A

114130

228260

3312390

NA0000

Relative importance of each decision point

Treated as weights in a weighted additive function on importance at the decsion point -- result is a priority score (that will range from 0 to 2x the maximum score in matrix above)

Weight for decision pointsSite ScreeningSite selectionSite characterizationSite Suitability

0.200.450.300.051

Not currently used - another logic for combining importance and adequacy

Adequacy

Importance to Decision Points(Table index)Completely sufficient (no additional info needed)Partially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Insufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)N/A

Low: Information useful but not necessary10120

Medium: Information supports or improves decisions20350

High: Information is essential to decisions305100

NA00000

Ability_to_address=PickLists!$C$3:$D$9

Adequacy=PickLists!$I$3:$J$7

Adq_pick=PickLists!$I$3:$I$7

Cost=PickLists!$U$2:$U$31

Decision=PickLists!$O$2:$O$5

DecisionPoint=PickLists!$O$2:$O$8

DecisionPoints=PickLists!$O$2:$O$8

DP_wgts='Value fns'!$B$23:$E$23

Features=PickLists!$A$13:$A$22

Imp_Adq='Value fns'!$B$31:$E$33

Imp_DP=PickLists!$I$12:$J$16

Imp_SC=PickLists!$F$3:$G$7

ImportDecPoints=PickLists!$I$12:$I$16

LeadTime=PickLists!$R$2:$R$8

NormConst='Value fns working'!$E$94

Objectives=PickLists!$A$3:$A$10

Performance=PickLists!$F$3:$F$7

SC_char='Value fns'!$B$8:$D$8

SC_char_Alt_1='Value fns working'!$J$8:$L$8

SC_screening='Value fns'!$B$6:$D$6

SC_selection='Value fns'!$B$7:$D$7

SC_selection_Alt_1='Value fns working'!$J$7:$L$7

SC_suitability='Value fns'!$B$9:$D$9

SiteSpecificApplicability=PickLists!$C$3:$C$9

SoA=PickLists!$L$3:$M$9

StateoftheArt=PickLists!$L$3:$L$9

Value fns working

Importance of safety case components

Treated as weights in a weighted additive function, result is a 0-3 score for overall importance to the safety case

Safety assessmentDesign, construction, operationsConfidenceTotal (check)Sensitivity optionsThis Alternative was also run

Site Screening 0.530.160.321.000Total 0.530.160.32Total

Site selection0.500.200.301.0000.440.220.331.0000.500.100.401.000

Site characterization0.500.170.331.0000.300.300.401.0000.720.140.141.000

Site Suitability0.400.200.401.0000.200.300.501.0000.400.200.40

Safety assessment: addresses ability of site & design to meet applicable technical requirements

Design, construct, Ops:

Confidence: Issues not necessarily important to the safety assessment but important for overall confidence of stakeholders in safety

Site screeningSite selectionSite characterizationSite suitability

Safety assessmentConstructionConfidenceSafety assessmentConstructionConfidenceSafety assessmentConstructionConfidenceSafety assessmentConstructionConfidence

0.60.10.30.50.20.30.50.20.30.40.20.4

0.60.10.35.05.05.010.05.010.010.05.010.0

0.60.10.30.30.10.70.50.10.40.60.30.1

0.530.160.3210.05.03.010.02.02.010.02.02.0

0.40.20.4102101021010210

0.40.10.50.40.20.40.30.30.40.20.30.5

0.40.40.210.06.07.08.08.07.010.07.07.0

0.40.10.62.01.03.02.01.03.02.01.03.0

0.20.10.83.01.02.03.01.02.02.01.03.0

0.40.10.50.40.20.30.50.20.30.50.20.3

0.10.30.6

Site screeningSite selectionSite characterizationSite suitability

Safety assessmentConstructionConfidenceSafety assessmentConstructionConfidenceSafety assessmentConstructionConfidenceSafety assessmentConstructionConfidence

0.560.280.170.710.140.140.710.140.14

0.500.200.300.500.200.300.600.300.10

0.500.170.330.500.170.330.500.200.30

0.500.100.400.500.200.300.450.090.45

0.450.090.450.490.120.390.420.290.29

0.440.220.330.450.090.450.400.200.40

0.430.260.300.450.300.250.400.200.40

0.400.200.400.400.200.400.330.170.50

0.330.330.330.350.350.300.330.170.50

0.330.170.500.330.170.500.200.300.50

0.250.050.700.300.300.40

Overall importance to the decision point (combining importance to the safety case at that point and importance to the decision)

Arbitrary/assessed value scale translating the two importance scores to a overall importance for each decision point

Importance to the decision point

Importance to the safety case (calculated from the three component scores -- all "high" = 3, all "low" = 1Low: Information useful but not necessaryMedium: Information supports or improves decisionsHigh: Information is essential to decisionsN/A

All low14130(consider a linear scale too)

All "medium"28220

All high312310

NA0000

Deriving an equation that comes close to matching this value function…

14130

114130

228260

3312390

00000

Treated as weights in a weighted additive function on importance at the decision point -- result is a priority score (that will range from 0 to 2x the maximum score in matrix above)Site ScreeningSite selectionSite characterizationSite Suitability

51071

Weight for decision points0.21739130430.43478260870.30434782610.0434782609

Adequacy

Importance to Decision Points(Table index)Completely sufficient (no additional info needed)Partially sufficient (issue can be represented but needs improvement)Insufficient (cannot adequately represent issue)N/A

023

Low: Low importance to safety case and the decision point10270

Medium: Moderate importance to both204100

High:High importance to both306130

NA00000

0230

10270

204100

306130

00000

023

11027

820410

393.39121144306.814.2

0000

check on elicitation306.013.0

0.705535346normalization factor

Note, 3.39 is cube root of 39

2 is cube root of 8

Matrix

Process (Issue)Importance of Issue/Process to Safety CaseState of the Art Relative to Issue/ProcessFCT PROGRAM INTERFACEImportance of Issue/Process and Adequacy of the Current State of the Art Relative to Decision Points

MediaDISCUSSION

UFD FEP IDUFD FEP TitleDiscussionPerformance(Safety Analysis)Design, Construction,OperationsOverall ConfidenceDiscussionStatusDiscussion

2.1.03.001.03. WASTE CONTAINER

2.1.03.01Early Failure of Waste PackagesAlso Material Specific.

Need design/materials defined to conduct further R&D

Generic R&D on closure and NDE methods.HighHighHighEarly waste container failure may be of high importance for performance (magnitude of risk and timing)

Manner in which waste containers are closed could be of high importance to design and operations.

Early waste package failure of high importance for overall confidence in the safety caseFundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsDepends on material/design. Some more advanced than others.

U.S. program has evaluated manufacturing defects for the TAD and large waste package concept considered at Yucca Mountain. Other programs have also investigated closure techniques for different materials.Interface with industry required - (cask/canister fabricatiors). Interface with UFD Transportation/Storage program required, depending on "integrated" approach to storage, transporation, and disposal.Necessary to understand only at the site suitability phase. Current information is inadequate as materials and design are not defined.

2.1.03.02General Corrosion of Waste PackagesAlso media specificSpecific to EBS materials and concept design

Applies to waste container and any other "isolation" barriers that could be included in a design. Focus on material performance under various conditionsHighMediumHighMay be of high importance for performance in certain environments. In addition, the waste container is a key part of a multiple-barrier disposal system concept and must be included in the safety analysis.

More Important from a gas generation standpoint in salt and perhaps clay. More Important to granite from a hyrdologic barrier capability standpoint. Not very important to deep borehole for either gas generation or barrier capability.

At least Medium importance for design - could effect container / overpack design. Could impact handling / operation (constraints)

High importance for overall confidence - primary isolation barrier. Medium importance for for overall confidence in specific EBS design concepts and repository environmentsFundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsConsiderable studies in the corrosion of a variety of metallic materials both in the U.S. and abroad that can be leveraged. Some knowledge gaps exist regarding degradation modes for various alloys under various conditions. Little/no information available regarding new/novel materials

Uncertainty in extrapolating short-term laboratory tests to long-time periods and spatially variable conditions.

Interest in gas generation resulting from corrosion in some programs (Europe)

Potential for novel alloys with increased resistance to corrosion - little information known.Interface with DOE-NE advanced reactor programs, FCT fuels campaign, and separations/waste form campaign - material development and techniques. Interface with NEAMS for advanced modeling and simulation of waste container materials.Low importance at site screening - anticipate sites having geochemical conditions that would result in low corrosion rates would be preferred. Existing information is sufficient.

Low importance at site selection - high level models needed. Exist for most traditional waste container materials, but not for novel/new materials.

High importance at site characterization/design and site suitability phases. Improved and defensible models would need to be in place for materials selected and design.

2.1.03.03Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of Waste PackagesAlso media specificSpecific to EBS materials and concept design

Applies to waste container and any other "isolation" barriers that could be included in a design. Focus on material performance under various conditionsHighMediumHighMay be of high importance for performance for certain materials in certain environments. Some safety assessments do not consider SCC important. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) does not appear to play a big role on copper canister corrosion, even at elevated temperatures. In other repository programs such as Canada and Japan, stress corrosion cracking is not considered on the basis of chemical threshold concentrations and low amounts of SCC agents for this process to occur.

Medium importance for design - could affect container / overpack design

High importance for overall confidence - primary isolation barrier. Medium importance for for overall confidence in specific EBS design concepts and repository environments.Fundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsConsiderable studies in the corrosion of a variety of metallic materials both in the U.S. and abroad.

SCC may not be an issue for some materials in specific environments.

Need to identify conditions which SCC can occur (materials and environments).Interface with DOE-NE advanced reactor programs, FCT fuels campaign, and separations/waste form campaign - material development and techniques. Interface with NEAMS for advanced modeling and simulation of waste container materials.Low importance at site screening - anticipate sites having geochemical conditions that would result in low corrosion rates would be preferred. Existing information is sufficient.



2.1.03.04Localized Corrosion of Waste PackagesAlso media specificSpecific to EBS materials and concept design

Applies to waste container and any other "isolation" barriers that could be included in a design. Focus on material performance under various conditionsHighMediumHighMay be of high importance for performance in certain environments.

Medium importance for design - could effect container/overpack design

High importance for overall confidence - primary isolation barrier.Fundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsConsiderable studies in the corrosion of a variety of metallic materials both in the U.S. and abroad.

Improved understanding of localized corrosion effects, in particular stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and crevice corrosion would lead to improved modeling and understanding of waste package performance. Interface with DOE-NE advanced reactor programs, FCT fuels campaign, and separations/waste form campaign - material development and techniques. Interface with NEAMS for advanced modeling and simulation of waste container materials.Low importance at site screening - anticipate sites having geochemical conditions that would result in low corrosion rates would be preferred. Existing information is sufficient.



2.1.03.05Hydride Cracking of Waste PackagesAlso media specificSpecific to EBS materials and concept design

Applies to waste container and any other "isolation" barriers that could be included in a design. Focus on material performance under various conditionsHighMediumHighMay be of high importance for performance in certain environments.

Medium importance for design - could effect container/overpack design

High importance for overall confidence - primary isolation barrier.Fundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsConsiderable studies in the corrosion of a variety of metallic materials both in the U.S. and abroad.

Long-term effects such as hydrogen embrittlement, de-alloying, creep, segregation, radiation damage, oxide wedging, and the effect of radiolysis on the potential aqueous phase in contact with metallic barrier materials.

Identify modeling feasibility of radiolytic effects on corrosion.Interface with reactor, fuels, waste form material development and techniques. NEAMSLow importance at site screening - anticipate sites having geochemical conditions that would result in low corrosion rates would be preferred. Existing information is sufficient.



2.1.03.06Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC) of Waste PackagesWaste container and any other "isolation" barriers that could be included in a design. Material focus.R&D to address topic covered in R&D regarding corrosion process above (see 2.1.03.02 - 2.1.03.05)

2.1.03.07Internal Corrosion of Waste Packages Prior to BreachNeed to know specific waste package design, materials that will be contained, and EBS environment Cannot do specific R&D on internal corrosion, but can investigate as part of overall material performance R&DR&D to address topic covered in R&D regarding corrosion process above (see 2.1.03.02 - 2.1.03.05)

2.1.03.08Evolution of Flow Pathways in Waste PackagesAlso material specific.

Condition of failed package (characteristics and distribution of potential flow pathways through corrosion penetrations)

Methods for modeling/representing flow through breached waste packagesMediumLowMediumMedium Safety Analysis - affects source term from breached waste packages

Low for design/construciton/operations - Will result from the materials selected primarily for containment purposes

Overall - part of EBS and its performance

Highly dependent on EBS design conceptImproved RepresentationTypically conservative models applied to flow through perforated waste packages.Interface with the UFD-NS programNot applicable at site screening phase.

Low importance at site selection and site characterization/design - high level models needed (could be conservative).

Medium importance at site suitability phases. Improved and defensible models would need to be in place for materials selected and design - also depends on "credit" taken for flow paths through waste containers.

2.1.04.001.04. BUFFER / BACKFILL

2.1.04.01Evolution and Degradation of Backfill/bufferSpecific R&D would require establishment of design and selection of material.

Generic R&D could be conducted on backfill/buffer materials independent of design.HighHighHighMay be of high importance for performance in certain environments and disposal concepts that utilize backfill/buffer as a engineered barrier - governs "source term" release upon failure of waste packages for certain designs in certain environments.

High importance for design/construction - could effect disposal system design that utilize backfill/buffer as an engineered barrier, how it is constructed, and emplacement of waste and backfill/buffer (i.e., size of waste packages and spacing).

High importance for overall confidence - secondary isolation barrier and long-term barrier performanceFundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsOther countries have performed considerable investigations into different backfill and buffer materials (bentonite and cementitious materials).

Additional R&D needed to better understand processes associated with backfill/buffer for these materials.

Little/no information available regarding new/novel buffere/backfill materialsInterface with UFD-NS program (EDZ-NS interface)Only applicable to concepts that include backfill/buffer. Strong dependency on EBS design concepts and processes.

Not applicable at site screening phase.

Low importance at site selection - high level models needed. Exist for most traditional buffer/backfill materials, but not for any novel/new materials.


2.1.05.001.05. SEALS

2.1.05.01Degradation of SealsAlso media specific.

Specific R&D would require establishment of seal design and selection of material - compatible with site/media.

Generic R&D could be conducted on seal materials independent of design and site/media.HighHighHighMay be of high importance for performance in certain environments that rely on seals as a key part of the engineered barrier system - Could provide preferential pathways for release.

Seal degradation could influence local chemistry

Medium importance for design/construction: Since the seals are a key part of the waste isolation system, their importance to design and /construction/ operations is important. However, the design/construction/operation of the overall facility does not depend on the seals themselves.

High importance for overall confidence - potential isolation barrier.Fundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsVarious countries, including USA and international repository programs, have conducted investigations on the stability and degradation of concretes and other sealing materials. WIPP has a certified seal design and the Swedish and Finnish programs are well advanced in granite environments. A collaborative research program has been developed by DOE-EM Office of Waste Processing named the "Cementitious Barriers Partnership". The UFD EBS program will focus mainly on the development of thermodynamic database to be used in the prediction of solubilities of cementitous phases and a computational tool to perform these calculations. It will also evaluate model concepts of cement corrosion and degradation processes. Modeling of solid solution phenomena is key to the accurate representation of cement barrier degradation.Interface with UFD-NS program (EDZ-NS interface)

Intefrace with DOE-EM -- Cement Barrier Partnership (CBP)Not applicable at site screening phase.

Low importance at site selection - high level models needed. Exist for most traditional seal materials and designs, but not for any novel/new materials.

High importance at site characterization/design - would need information to begin design of seal system for those media/concepts that rely on seals. High importance at site suitability phases - understanding would need to support defensible representation of seal performance.

2.1.06.001.06. OTHER EBS MATERIALS

2.1.06.01Degradation of Liner / Rock Reinforcement Materials in EBSAlso media specific.

Specific R&D would require establishment of sub-surface design and selection of materials - compatible with site/media.

Generic R&D could be conducted on materials independent of design and site/media.MediumHighMediumExpected to be of medium at most direct importance to long-term performance. May be of secondary importance by affecting other engineered materials

Could be of high importance to repository design and construction.

Estimated at medium importance for overall confidence - tunnel stability during operations

Degradation within this disposal domain could translate in eventual fast percolation paths in the neighboring bounds of the disposal gallery. However, anticipated 'healing' processes could mitigate the resulting effects deletirous to barrier performance.Improved RepresentationOther countries have investigated a variety of disposal system designs, including other engineered barriers system materials

Improved understanding of other EBS material degradation and impacts on other EBS processes (i.e., chemistry) are needed. For example, degradation modes at the cement / rock and cemen / metal barrier interfaces.Interface with UFD- NS program (EDZ-NS Interface)Not applicable at site screening or site selection phases.

Medium importance at site characterization/design - would need information to begin design of EBS. High importance at site suitability phases - understanding would need to support defensible representation of EBS performance.

2.1.07.001.07. MECHANICAL PROCESSES

2.1.07.01RockfallSite Specific, Design Specific

Anticipate that site screening and site selection would prefer geologic conditions that would maximize drift/tunnel stability and minimize the potential for rockfall. However, this cannot be assessed with generic R&D.

2.1.07.02- Drift Collapse- Drift deformation (EDZ)Also media specific.

Specific R&D would require establishment of sub-surface design, selection of materials, and operational techniques - compatible with site/media.

Generic R&D could be conducted on performance and impacts independent of design and site/media.MediumHighHighImportance to performance estimated at medium. May be N/A for some design concepts and environments.

Estimated to be of high importance to design - could limit emplacement "room," tunnel, or borehole size, ground support system, pre-closure safety, etc.

Medium importance assumed for overall confidence importance Important for backfilled repository designs in hard or sedimentary rock.Fundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsMechanical effects in emplacement tunnels, rooms, etc. have been investigated in other geologic disposal programs. Being investigated as part of EDZ R&D.

Relevant to construction operations, waste emplacement, and the emplacement of backfill material. THM processes could enhance the excavated damage zone thus influencing the hydraulic properties of the EBS backfill/buffer materials.Interface with UFD-NS program (NS-EDZ Interface)Not applicable at site screening or site selection phases.

Medium importance at site characterization/design - would need information to begin design of EBS - including tunnel/room/borehole design. High importance at site suitability phases - understanding would need to support defensible representation of EBS performance and EBS design.

Strong dependency on EBS design concepts and processes. Important for pre-closure emplacement activities and safety

2.1.07.03Mechanical Effects of BackfillSpecific R&D would require establishment of design and selection of material.

Generic R&D could be conducted on backfill/buffer materials independent of design.MediumMediumHighImportance to performance estimated at medium. May be N/A for some design concepts and environments. Could provide mechanical protection to waste container.

Medium importance for design/construction - could effect EBS design, how EBS is constructed, and emplacement of waste and backfill/buffer

High importance for overall confidence - secondary isolation barrier and long-term barrier performanceFundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsRelevant to construction operations, waste emplacement, and the emplacement of backfill material. THM processes could enhance the excavated damage zone thus influencing the hydraulic properties of the EBS backfill/buffer materials.Interface with UFD-NS program (EDZ-NS interface)Only applicable to concepts that include backfill/buffer. Strong dependency on EBS design concepts and processes.




Strong dependency on EBS design concepts and processes

Important for pre-closure emplacement activities and safety

2.1.07.04Mechanical Impact on BackfillR&D to asses backfill mechanical behaviorLowHighLowImportance estimated at high for design construction operationsFundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsRelevant to emplacement of backfill material and potential impact on the expected hydraulic properties of the backfill/buffer material. THM processes could enhance the excavated damage zone thus influencing the hydraulic properties of the EBS backfill/buffer materials but long-term 'healing' is expected to mitigate these perturbations.Interface with UFD-NS program (EDZ-NS interface) - EDZ and EBS erosion issuesOnly applicable to concepts that include backfill/buffer. Strong dependency on EBS design concepts and processes.




2.1.07.05Mechanical Impact on Waste PackagesCannot do specific R&D without design and environment. Can perform generic R&D to asses waste package material mechanical behaviorHighMediumHighImportance dependent on rock type and design of EBS .May be of high importance for performance in certain environments. In addition, the waste container is a key part of a multiple-barrier disposal system concept and must be included in the safety analysis.

At least Medium importance for design - could effect container / overpack design and design of surrounding EBS. Could impact handling / operation (constraints)

High importance for overall confidence - primary isolation barrier. Low/Medium importance for for overall confidence in specific EBS design concepts and repository environmentsFundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsData needs on the effect of loading on waste package surface and corrosion. Evolution and characterization of degradation modes at the waste package interface in the presence of hydrated buffer/backfill materials.

Potential emplacement issuesIinterface with UFD storge & transportation program - Initial condition of waste packages in integrated container/waste package system.Not applicable at site screening and site selection phase.

Medium importance at site characterization/design - need to understand mechanical impacts an its impacts on design and safety analysis.

Medium importance at site suitability phases. Improved and defensible models would need to be in place for materials selected and design.

2.1.07.06Mechanical Impact on SNF Waste FormR&D to asses SNF material mechanical behaviorMediumMediumMediumImportance dependent on rock type and design of EBS .May be of high importance for performance in certain environments. In addition, the waste form is a key part of a multiple-barrier disposal system concept and must be included in the safety analysis.

At least Medium importance for design - could effect container / overpack design and design of surrounding EBS. Could impact handling / operation (constraints)

Medium importance for overall confidence - primary isolation barrier. Could be low importance for for overall confidence in specific EBS design concepts and repository environmentsFundamental Gaps in Method, Fundamental Data NeedsMechanical effects could be associated with waste form degradation (volume changes) but these are expected to minimal. Interface with Separations/Waste Form Campaign in R&D on mechanical damage to all waste forms (including SNF). Integration with UFD Storage & Transportation R&D - initial condition of SNFInformation is completely sufficient for legacy wastes (Navy, DOE-EM, existing LWR).

Adequacy of information applies to advanced reactor fuels that would be directly disposed. High-level representations could be developed at site selection decision (partially sufficient). Since models of SNF degradation do not currently exist for mixed oxide and advanced reactor fuels the current information is deemed insufficient to support site characterization/design and site suitability.

Some dependency on EBS design concepts and processes

2.1.07.07Mechanical Impact on HLW Waste FormSpecific R&D is scope of the Separations/Waste Form CampaignSEPARATIONS/WF CAMPAIGN NEEDS TO CONSIDER R&D IN THIS AREA WITHIN THEIR PROGRAM

2.1.07.08Mechanical Impact on Other EBS Components- Seals- Liner/Rock Reinforcement Materials- Waste Package Support MaterialsAlso media specific.

Specific R&D would require establishment of sub-surface design and selection of m

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