2019 Senior External Examination: Paper Two — Question and ... · The Xolo is a breed of dog...

Planning space

12019 Biology — Question and response book — Paper Two

Part A — Continuity of lifeQuestions 1– 8 assess Understanding biology (UB).Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the space provided.Suggested time allocation: 45 minutes.

Question 1 (UB)A cell with a diploid number of 4 underwent meiosis. The following images illustrate different stages throughout the total process of meiosis in this cell.

a. Using the letters beside each cell (A–F), put the cells in order, commencing with the earliest stageof meiosis shown.

b. During meiosis, crossing over and recombination occurs between homologous chromosomes.Describe the outcome of recombination.

c. During meiosis, the nucleus undergoes two divisions. Which of the cells, E or F, represents anaphase 1?Explain your response.

2 2019 Biology — Question and response book — Paper Two

Question 2 (UB)Simple organisms can use both sexual and asexual reproduction. Explain three advantages for such organisms to be able to reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Question 3 (UB)The diploid number of chromosomes in the horse is 64 and in the donkey is 62. A mule is the offspring of a cross between a horse and a donkey. How many chromosomes would be present in a diploid cell of a mule? Explain your answer.

Question 4 (UB)a. Distinguish between a gene and an allele.

b. Distinguish between a dominant allele and a recessive allele.


Question 5 (UB)The table below contains statements about DNA replication and transcription. Put a tick ( ) in the box if the statement is true, or a cross ( ) if the statement is not true.

Statement DNA replication Transcription

involves mRNA synthesis

requires free nucleotides

involves complementary base pairing

Question 6 (UB)Describe how a single change in the DNA sequence of a gene can result in a change to one amino acid in the resulting polypeptide chain.


c. If J and K have another child, what is the probability that the child will be affected by albinism?Show your working.

Question 8 (UB)The Xolo is a breed of dog native to Mexico. A dominant allele H gives rise to a hairless variety of the dog, while the recessive allele for the gene, h, produces a normal hairy coat. One combination of alleles for hair is lethal.

Breeding two hairless dogs produces both hairless and hairy offspring, in the ratio of 2 hairless : 1 hairy.

Use a Punnett square to determine the combination of alleles that is lethal.

End of Part A


b. Suggest two reasons why the scientists’ conclusion may not be correct.

c. Explain how two different species of shrimp could have developed from a single ancestral species ofshrimp.


Question 2 (IB)The table below provides the genetic diversity index for five populations of the platypus.

Population Genetic diversity index

I 0.897

II 0.606

III 0.032

IV 0.419

V 0.431

(Note: The lower the index, the less variation in the population.)

Based on the information in the table, which of the platypus populations is at the greatest risk of extinction due to genetic factors? Explain.


Question 4 (UB)An isolated human population can trace their ancestry back to a small group of people who settled in the area in the 18th century. They usually do not marry people from outside their group.

Lethal microcephaly (LM) is a disorder in which infants are born with a tiny head and underdeveloped brain. This disorder, which occurs in this population with a frequency of 1 in every 480 births, has rarely been seen outside of the population. It is caused by a recessive allele of a single gene. Sufferers usually die within six months of birth.

a. Explain why this population has such a high incidence of LM compared to other populations.

b. Since the 18th century, the occurrence of LM in this population has been declining. However, theincidence of webbed toes has remained the same. Explain this difference.


Turn over for Question 5

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Question 5 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below.Your response MUST refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas.

Question 5 (EBI)Human evolution is still occurring, particularly in Western societies, after the significant cultural events of the Industrial Revolution and the introduction of agriculture, modern medicine and mass transportation.

Do you agree with this statement that humans are still evolving?

Include in your response:• a clearly stated decision• paragraphs to support the decision, backed up by relevant biological facts• consideration of alternatives and an explanation of why your decision may not be supported• a summary that brings together the main points to justify your decision.

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End of Part BEnd of Paper Two


Planning space


Part Question

Additional page for responses (if required)


Part Question



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Acknowledgments

Part AQuestion 1 diagram adapted from www.commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meiosis_Stages.svg, by Ali Zifan, CC BY-SA 4.0

Part BQuestion 1 diagram adapted from www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panama_-_Cocle.svg, by Shadowfox, CC BY-SA 3.0Question 3 diagram adapted from www.commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bennett%27s_Wallaby.jpg by Nrg800, CC BY-SA 3.0

All websites accessed on 10 April 2019 and 3 July 2019.

© State of Queensland (Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority) 2019

Copyright enquiries should be made to:

ManagerPublishing UnitEmail: publishing@[email protected]

Queensland Curriculum& Assessment AuthorityPO Box 307, Spring Hill QLD 4004 AustraliaLevel 7, 154 Melbourne Street, South BrisbaneT +61 7 3864 0299

www.qcaa.qld.edu.au

2019 Senior External Examination: Paper Two — Question and ... · The Xolo is a breed of dog...

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