2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of...
Transcript of 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of...
2018 LAS/ANS SymposiumPanel #2
Stability of Power TransmissionSystems
Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D.COPPE – Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Wednesday, 29/08/2018
• Power System Structure
• Stability of power systems
• Frequency Regulation
• Newcomers
• Concluding remarks
August 2018 Slide 2 de 42
Summary
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
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Power System Structure
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
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The Electric Power System
• Essentially formed by:
o Three-phase AC circuits;
o Synchronous machines;
• Considerable energy is stored as kinetic energy in the rotating masses
o Diverse energy sources;
o Long transmission lines.
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
Power System Structure
August 2018 Slide 5 de 42
Power System Structure
Generation
Transmission
Subtransmission orHV Distribuition
MV Distribuition
LV Distribuition
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52018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systems
by Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJAugust 2018
Generation
August 2018 Slide 7 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
Physical Structure – One-line Diagram
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
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Power System Stability
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
2008 / 2 Curso COE754 - Glauco Taranto 10
ESTABILIDADE DE SISTEMAS DE POTÊNCIA
Capacidade de permanecer em equilíbrio operativo
Equilíbrio entre forças em oposição
ESTABILIDADE
ANGULAR
ESTABILIDADE
DE TENSÃO
ESTABILIDADE A
PEQUENAS
PERTURBAÇÕES
ESTABILIDADE
TRANSITÓRIA
ESTABILIDADE
M ID-TERM
ESTABILIDADE
LONG-TERM
GRANDES
PERTURBAÇÕES
PEQUENAS
PERTURBAÇÕES
Capacidade de manter sincronismo
Equilíbrio de torques nas máquinas síncronas
Grandes perturbações
Primeiro swing
Estudos até 10 s
Capacidade de manter perfil de tensão
aceitável em regime permanente
Balanço de potência reativa
Perturbações severas
Grandes excursões de tensão e freqüência
Grandes perturbações
Eventos chaveados
Dinâmica de OLTC e
cargas
Coordenação de
proteção e controles
Relações PxV e QxV em
regime permanente
Margem de estabilidade
Reserva de reativo
Ponto de Colapso
Métodos Lineares
INSTABILIDADE
APERIÓDICA
INSTABILIDADE
OSCILATÓRIA
Torque de sincronismo
insuficiente
Dinâmica rápida e lenta
Período de estudo de
vários minutos
Freqüência do sistema
constante e uniforme
Dinâmica lenta
Período de estudo de
dezenas de minutos
MODOS INTER-ÁREASMODOS LOCAIS MODOS DE CONTROLE MODOS TORSIONAIS
Torque de amortecimento insuficiente
Ação de controle desestabilizante
Métodos Lineares
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Equilibrium Points
SEP
UEP
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
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Dynamical Systems
• A child swinging in the park
• Mechanical spring-mass systems
• Electrical circuits
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
• Is a hot coffee mug left on a table standstill a dynamical system?
August 2018 Slide 13 de 42
Vital Signs!
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
Vital Signs
August 2018 Slide 14 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
Os sinais vitais do corpo humano
são constituídos pela temperatura,
pulso, respiração e pressão arterial.
Vital Signs
August 2018 Slide 15 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
Os sinais vitais do sistema
elétrico são constituídos pela
frequência e pela tensão.
Two Fundamental Quantities
• The electrical power systems are operated such that whenthe consumer will plug-in an equipament, there is not a doubt that the quantities:
o Frequency
o Voltage (magnitude)
• Are not close to their nominal values16
??
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
The Frequency
August 2018 Slide 17 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
Frequency Control
• Generation x Consumption must match at any time
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August 2018
Hydro Power Plant
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Nuclear Power Plant
August 2018 Slide 20 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
Large rotating masses
August 2018 Slide 21 de MAX
Large rotating masses
August 2018 Slide 22 de 42
August 2018 Slide 23 de 42
Frequency (Speed) Control
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018 Slide 24 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
The Apples that have changed the world!
As Leis do Movimento – Sir Isaac Newton
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Controle Carga-Frequência
• Based on the movement laws.
2ª. Lei – o somatório das forças num objeto é proporcional à sua massa multiplicada por sua aceleração
• The system frequency is determined by therotor speed of the synchronous generators
• The rotor speed is determined by the balance between the input mechanical torque x theoutput electrical torque
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
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Curva Típica da Carga
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
Medição de Frequência
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Curva típica da carga em um dia de jogo do Brasil em Copas do Mundo
Fonte: ONS
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
August 2018 Slide 29 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
Synchronous generator and Kaplan turbine
August 2018 Slide 30 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
Bulb Turbine
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The newcomers!
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
Wind and Solar
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Wind & Solar
• WIND
o Type 3 – induction generator
o Type 4 – connected via inverter
o Does not add responsive rotating inertia
o Uncertainty in the output
• SOLAR
o Connected via inverter
o Does not add rotating inertia
o Uncertainty in the output
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
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Eclipse Solar (20/03/2015)
Fonte: entso-e
• Houve uma perda rápida de 17 GW• Uma reintegração ainda mais rápida de 25 GW
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
Estrutura Física do Sistema Elétrico
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
Fonte: Nabeel Kouka (google images)
The Power System Structure
Geração Transmissão
Subtransmissão
Distribuição
Nirvana or Nightmare?
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August 2018
• They do not add rotating inertia into the power system
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Impact on frequency control caused byDistributed Generation
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
August 2018 Slide 38 de 422018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
• The (frequency) stability of power systems is based on the laws ofmotion. It is given by the balance between electrical and mechanicaltorques.
• Uncertatinties used to come essentially from the loads.
• Now they are coming from the generation as well, considering thenewcomers (basically Wind & Solar).
• The newcomers does not add responsive rotating inertia into thesystem.
• The future system must rely more on quick-responsive controls andenergy storage.
August 2018 Slide 39 de 42
Concluding Remarks
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
Pump-storage Power Plants
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OBRIGADO!
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The Spring-Mass Analogy
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
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The Spring-Mass Analogy
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
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Spring Mass Analogy x Electrical System
The electrical power system when composed by the so-called
“synchronous machines” is analogous to a mechanical
Spring – Mass system.
N
NE
S
SE
N
NE
S
SE
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018
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Angular Stability
• Is the ability a power system has to maintain synchronismafter a large perturbation, such as a short circuit.
• It is usually perceived in the first seconds after thedisturbance.
• It yields large variations of power flows, voltage magnitudes and electrical currents.
2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ
August 2018