2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of...

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2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE – Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Wednesday, 29/08/2018

Transcript of 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of...

Page 1: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

2018 LAS/ANS SymposiumPanel #2

Stability of Power TransmissionSystems

Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D.COPPE – Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

Wednesday, 29/08/2018

Page 2: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

• Power System Structure

• Stability of power systems

• Frequency Regulation

• Newcomers

• Concluding remarks

August 2018 Slide 2 de 42

Summary

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

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Power System Structure

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

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The Electric Power System

• Essentially formed by:

o Three-phase AC circuits;

o Synchronous machines;

• Considerable energy is stored as kinetic energy in the rotating masses

o Diverse energy sources;

o Long transmission lines.

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

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Power System Structure

August 2018 Slide 5 de 42

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Power System Structure

Generation

Transmission

Subtransmission orHV Distribuition

MV Distribuition

LV Distribuition

1

2

3

4

52018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systems

by Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJAugust 2018

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Generation

August 2018 Slide 7 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

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Physical Structure – One-line Diagram

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018 8

Page 9: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

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Power System Stability

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

Page 10: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

2008 / 2 Curso COE754 - Glauco Taranto 10

ESTABILIDADE DE SISTEMAS DE POTÊNCIA

Capacidade de permanecer em equilíbrio operativo

Equilíbrio entre forças em oposição

ESTABILIDADE

ANGULAR

ESTABILIDADE

DE TENSÃO

ESTABILIDADE A

PEQUENAS

PERTURBAÇÕES

ESTABILIDADE

TRANSITÓRIA

ESTABILIDADE

M ID-TERM

ESTABILIDADE

LONG-TERM

GRANDES

PERTURBAÇÕES

PEQUENAS

PERTURBAÇÕES

Capacidade de manter sincronismo

Equilíbrio de torques nas máquinas síncronas

Grandes perturbações

Primeiro swing

Estudos até 10 s

Capacidade de manter perfil de tensão

aceitável em regime permanente

Balanço de potência reativa

Perturbações severas

Grandes excursões de tensão e freqüência

Grandes perturbações

Eventos chaveados

Dinâmica de OLTC e

cargas

Coordenação de

proteção e controles

Relações PxV e QxV em

regime permanente

Margem de estabilidade

Reserva de reativo

Ponto de Colapso

Métodos Lineares

INSTABILIDADE

APERIÓDICA

INSTABILIDADE

OSCILATÓRIA

Torque de sincronismo

insuficiente

Dinâmica rápida e lenta

Período de estudo de

vários minutos

Freqüência do sistema

constante e uniforme

Dinâmica lenta

Período de estudo de

dezenas de minutos

MODOS INTER-ÁREASMODOS LOCAIS MODOS DE CONTROLE MODOS TORSIONAIS

Torque de amortecimento insuficiente

Ação de controle desestabilizante

Métodos Lineares

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Equilibrium Points

SEP

UEP

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

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Dynamical Systems

• A child swinging in the park

• Mechanical spring-mass systems

• Electrical circuits

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

• Is a hot coffee mug left on a table standstill a dynamical system?

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August 2018 Slide 13 de 42

Vital Signs!

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

Page 14: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

Vital Signs

August 2018 Slide 14 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

Os sinais vitais do corpo humano

são constituídos pela temperatura,

pulso, respiração e pressão arterial.

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Vital Signs

August 2018 Slide 15 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

Os sinais vitais do sistema

elétrico são constituídos pela

frequência e pela tensão.

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Two Fundamental Quantities

• The electrical power systems are operated such that whenthe consumer will plug-in an equipament, there is not a doubt that the quantities:

o Frequency

o Voltage (magnitude)

• Are not close to their nominal values16

??

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

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The Frequency

August 2018 Slide 17 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

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Frequency Control

• Generation x Consumption must match at any time

182018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

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Hydro Power Plant

August 2018 Slide 19 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

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Nuclear Power Plant

August 2018 Slide 20 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

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Large rotating masses

August 2018 Slide 21 de MAX

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Large rotating masses

August 2018 Slide 22 de 42

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August 2018 Slide 23 de 42

Frequency (Speed) Control

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

Page 24: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

August 2018 Slide 24 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

The Apples that have changed the world!

Page 25: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

As Leis do Movimento – Sir Isaac Newton

Slide 25 de 422018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

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Controle Carga-Frequência

• Based on the movement laws.

2ª. Lei – o somatório das forças num objeto é proporcional à sua massa multiplicada por sua aceleração

• The system frequency is determined by therotor speed of the synchronous generators

• The rotor speed is determined by the balance between the input mechanical torque x theoutput electrical torque

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

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Curva Típica da Carga

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

Medição de Frequência

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Curva típica da carga em um dia de jogo do Brasil em Copas do Mundo

Fonte: ONS

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

Page 29: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

August 2018 Slide 29 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

Synchronous generator and Kaplan turbine

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August 2018 Slide 30 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

Bulb Turbine

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The newcomers!

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

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Wind and Solar

August 2018 Slide 32 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

Page 33: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

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Wind & Solar

• WIND

o Type 3 – induction generator

o Type 4 – connected via inverter

o Does not add responsive rotating inertia

o Uncertainty in the output

• SOLAR

o Connected via inverter

o Does not add rotating inertia

o Uncertainty in the output

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

Page 34: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

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Eclipse Solar (20/03/2015)

Fonte: entso-e

• Houve uma perda rápida de 17 GW• Uma reintegração ainda mais rápida de 25 GW

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

Page 35: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

Estrutura Física do Sistema Elétrico

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

Page 36: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

Fonte: Nabeel Kouka (google images)

The Power System Structure

Geração Transmissão

Subtransmissão

Distribuição

Nirvana or Nightmare?

362018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

Page 37: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

• They do not add rotating inertia into the power system

Slide 37 de 42

Impact on frequency control caused byDistributed Generation

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

Page 38: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

August 2018 Slide 38 de 422018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

Page 39: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

• The (frequency) stability of power systems is based on the laws ofmotion. It is given by the balance between electrical and mechanicaltorques.

• Uncertatinties used to come essentially from the loads.

• Now they are coming from the generation as well, considering thenewcomers (basically Wind & Solar).

• The newcomers does not add responsive rotating inertia into thesystem.

• The future system must rely more on quick-responsive controls andenergy storage.

August 2018 Slide 39 de 42

Concluding Remarks

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

Page 40: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

Pump-storage Power Plants

August 2018 Slide 40 de 42 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

Page 41: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

OBRIGADO!

[email protected]

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The Spring-Mass Analogy

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

Page 43: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

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The Spring-Mass Analogy

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

Page 44: 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 · 2019. 1. 28. · 2018 LAS/ANS Symposium Panel #2 Stability of Power Transmission Systems Prof. Glauco N. Taranto, Ph.D. COPPE –Federal University

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Spring Mass Analogy x Electrical System

The electrical power system when composed by the so-called

“synchronous machines” is analogous to a mechanical

Spring – Mass system.

N

NE

S

SE

N

NE

S

SE

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018

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Angular Stability

• Is the ability a power system has to maintain synchronismafter a large perturbation, such as a short circuit.

• It is usually perceived in the first seconds after thedisturbance.

• It yields large variations of power flows, voltage magnitudes and electrical currents.

2018 LAS/ANS Symposium – Panel #2: Stability of Transmission Systemsby Prof. Glauco N. Taranto – COPPE/UFRJ

August 2018