2018 EBA Statistical Report - European Biogas
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EBA Stascal Report 2018
Transcript of 2018 EBA Statistical Report - European Biogas
EBA Statistical Report
2018
Renewable Energy House Rue d’Arlon 63–65 • 1040 Brussels, BelgiumMAIL [email protected] • [email protected] +32 24 00 10 89 FAX +32 2546 1934 WEB www.european-biogas.eu • www.europeanbiogas.eu
Founded in 2009, the European Biogas Association (EBA) promotes the sustainable production and use of biogas, biomethane and syngas from anaerobic digestion (AD) and biomass gasification in Europe.This covers all end-use applications, including heat, electricity and transport fuel. The members of the EBA comprise national biogas associations, consultants, universities and research institutes and compa-nies including major European producers, traders and grid operators.
Join us on
Statistical Report2018Annual Statistical Report of the European Biogas AssociationAbriged Version
EBA Statistical Report 2018 EBA STATISTICAL REPORT 2018
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PREAMBLE
PreambleThe EBA Secretariat is proud to present to you the EBA Statistical Report 2018, which offers the most up-to-date, Europe-wide market information and data available (reflecting figures up to end 2017 and developments into the present), as well as in-depth analysis of the national and European biogas and biomethane markets.
Thanks to the support and efforts of both EBA Members and the Secretariat, the EBA Statistical Report has become an important point of reference for the European biogas and biomethane sectors, consulted by EU institutions and by numerous industrial stakeholders worldwide. This eighth edition of the EBA Statistical Report builds on the structure of the previous issue to provide a unique European overview, compiling first-hand information from national biogas associations. This edition includes newly developed European maps and per capita analyses that present the national markets in a new and unique light and is published in new professional design, thanks to the support of its sponsors. Additionally, 26 Country Profiles consider the evolution of the national biogas and bio- methane markets in detail. We would like to express our gratitude to all contributors who made this report possible.
The number of European biogas plants has increased continuously over the past decade, showing that national biogas markets are well established and strong enough to overcome the political uncertainty which has affected certain countries. The development of new trends and more advanced technologies in the last year, has resulted in higher plant efficiency, cheaper digesters, and cheaper upgrading units for the conversion of raw biogas to bio- methane of natural gas grade. The EBA is working at several levels to support the better integration of biomethane into the existing gas market. Collaborations between the EBA and the international gas industry, and participation in several circular economy projects, have helped to emphasise the importance of biomethane and digestate use for the necessary energy transition, and to establish anaerobic digestion technology as an integral part of the European bioeconomy.
The Gas for Climate initiative presents the role of renewable gas in a low-emission energy system by 2050. The European Biomethane Map 2018 was published in collaboration with Gas Infrastructure Europe (GIE). This com-prehensive map locates and lists biomethane installations operating in Europe (as of the first quarter of 2017), providing specific details about each biomethane plant. In collaboration with the European Renewable Gas Regis-try (ERGaR), the cross-border administration of sustainable biomethane certificates has been further developed, leading to its likely implementation in 2019. Under the auspices of the Biorefine Cluster Europe, the EBA and the University of Ghent are actively pushing for technological advance, and for European legislation to help realise the full potential of digestate across Europe.
The EBA has many interesting initiatives and projects ahead for the year and the decade to come, especially as it enters its tenth anniversary year in 2019.
We wish you an inspiring read!
EBA Statistical Report 2018
EBA STATISTICAL REPORT 2018 EBA Statistical Report 2018
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Guidance for the Use of this ReportMethodologyThe Statistical Report of the European Biogas Association is an extensive examination of the state of the biogas and biomethane industry in Europe. The report covers the EU-28 Member States as well as Iceland, Norway, Serbia and Switzerland. Data presented include biogas and biomethane statistics (where available), along with relevant legisla-tive information and National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) targets.The data originate mainly from national biogas associations, national statistical reports, industries present in the respective countries, or – in the absence of submitted data – from data compiled by the EBA secretariat. We would like to express our gratitude to all contributors who made this publication possible.
How to quote this reportEBA 2018. “Statistical Report of the European Biogas Association 2018.” Brussels, Belgium, December 2018.
Units• Watt-hours (Wh) are used for biogas and biomethane production, to allow easy comparison between statistics;• Joules (J) are used for heat production;• Watts (W) are used for the Installed Electric Capacity (IEC) of biogas plants, generally as MW. Watts (W) are used in preference to Watts electric (Wel), to ensure clarity for a general readership. Watts are not used to describe any concept other than IEC, to avoid confusion• Kilotons Oil Equivalent (ktoe) are used for data on biogas production gathered from Eurostat.
Further Information
Stefanie KönigsbergerTechnical and Project Manager
Mieke DecorteTechnical and Project [email protected]@europeanbiogas.euTel: +32.24.00.10.87
Gregory ReulandTechnical and Project [email protected]@europeanbiogas.euTel: +32.24.00.10.87
EBA Statistical Report 2018GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF THIS REPORT
EBA Statistical Report 2018 EBA STATISTICAL REPORT 2018
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COLOUR KEY
Colour KeyThe following colour coding is used in the graphics contained in this report.
Agricultural: all substrates related to agricultural production, e.g. energy crops (primary crop with high starch content), agricultural residues (manure, straw, other) and cover/catch crops;
Landfill: organic waste producing biogas collected on landfill sites, sometimes referred to as ‘landfill gas’ in literature;
Sewage: sewage sludge produced at a wastewater treatment plant;
Other: various types of organic waste such as bio- and municipal waste, household waste and industrial waste (for example from the food and beverage industry).
Feedstock types
Agricultural FeedstockAgricultural Residues
Energy Crops
Sewage Sludge
Landfill Waste
OtherBio– and Municipal Waste
Industrial (Food and Beverage)
Upgrading technologies
Pressure Swing Adsorption Membrane Separation
Water Scrubber Physical Absorption
Chemical Absorption Cryogenic
Other
Biogas production Unknown
Income from subsidy
EBA Statistical Report 2018
EBA STATISTICAL REPORT 2018 EBA Statistical Report 2018
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AbbreviationsCountries
AT Austria FI Finland NL The Netherlands
BE Belgium FR France NO Norway
BG Bulgaria HR Croatia PL Poland
CH Switzerland HU Hungary PT Portugal
CY Cyprus IE Ireland RO Romania
CZ Czech Republic IS Iceland RS Serbia
DE Germany IT Italy SE Sweden
DK Denmark LT Lithuania SK Slovakia
EE Estonia LU Luxembourg SL Slovenia
EL Greece LV Latvia UK United Kingdom
ES Spain MT Malta
Other Symbols and Acronyms
AD Anaerobic digestion kWel Kilowatt electric
bcm Billion cubic meter kWth Kilowatt thermal
CH4 Methane LFG Landfill gas
CHP Combined Heat and Power LNG Liquified Natural Gas
CO2 Carbon dioxide Mio Million
CNG Compressed Natural Gas M-, ktoe Million-, kilo-ton oil equivalent
€ Euro M-, G-, TWh Mega-, Giga-, Terawatt hour
FiP Feed-in premium NOx Nitrogen oxides
FiT Feed-in tariff NREAP National Renewable Energy Action Plan
GC Green Certificate P2G Power-to-gas
GHG Greenhouse gas PM Particulate matter
GoO Guarantee of Origin RED Renewable Energy Directive
IEC Installed Electric Capacity
ABBREVIATIONS EBA Statistical Report 2018
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 European Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1 Development of the European Biogas Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1.1 Number of Biogas Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1.2 Installed Electric Capacity (IEC) of Biogas Plants (MW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.3 Electricity from Biogas (GWh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.4 Types of feedstock for biogas production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Development of the European Biomethane Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.1 Number of Biomethane Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.2 Biomethane production (GWh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.3 Types of feedstock for biomethane production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.4 Biogas to Biomethane upgrading techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.5 Biomethane use and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3 Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1 Policy Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 Climate Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 Support Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4 Bibliography of European Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5 Country Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 – 111
EBA Statistical Report 2018
© BTS Biogas credits
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2
EUROPEAN OVERVIEW
1 IntroductionThe steady growth in the number of European biogas plants over the past decade indicates the robust nature of the sector in the face of considerable political uncer-tainty. By the end of 2017, there were 17,783 biogas plants and 540 biomethane plants in operation Europe-wide. The total Installed Electric Capacity (IEC) of biogas plants in Europe continued to increase in 2017, grow-ing by 5% to reach a total of 10,532 MW. The electricity produced from biogas amounted to a European total of 65,179 GWh. Biomethane production has also increased, reaching 19,352 GWh or 1.94 bcm in 2017.
The following pages present the European overview of the EBA Statistical Report, a unique dataset based on the EBA database, only available thanks to numbers and data compiled from national biogas associations and other EBA members. The European Overview is divided into
two sub-chapters, as the European biogas market and the European biomethane market are considered sep-arately. Detailed data, graphs and information are pro-vided on the number of plants, the production capacities and the types of feedstock used. The sub-chapter on the European biogas market includes sections on Installed Electric Capacity (IEC), given in MW, and electricity production from biogas, given in GWh. The sub-chapter on the European biomethane market includes sections on upgrading technologies and on biomethane use and applications.
The Frameworks chapter gives a brief review of the policy landscape, as relevant for the biogas and biomethane mar- kets respectively. Climate Targets and Support Schemes are outlined here.
2 European Overview2.1. Development of the European Biogas Market
2.1.1. Number of Biogas Plants
By the end of 2017, there were 17,783 biogas plants ope- rating in Europe, following a decade of steady growth, which has been largely resilient in the face of periods of political upheaval in various countries. Within the past five years, 3,122 new plants have been installed to give an increase of 18%. In the year 2017, an increase of 2% in the number of biogas plants was achieved (see Figure EU-1).
In this year’s report, the number of reported biogas plants for 2016 has been revised, dropping from 17,662 to 17,432. This reduced number stems from updates in the classification systems of several national databases. In Denmark, the 17 biomethane-producing plants were double counted as biogas plants and in France, there are discrepancies of more than 250 biogas plants between some of the different databases. Accordingly, under guidance from the French Biogas Association ATEE Club Biogaz, the number of French biogas plants was revised in the EBA database from 873 to 668 in 2016 and to 742 in 2017.
In Sweden, the national database was adjusted this year to allow a clear distinction between biogas and biomethane installations, resulting in a lower recorded number of bio-gas plants in 2017 compared to 2016 (-80 plants). In Flan-ders, Belgium, 12 small-scale installations (< 10 kW IEC)
were shut down for technical reasons. In Latvia, 3 biogas plants were shut down: one landfill biogas plant ceased operation after use of the landfill site was discontinued a few years ago, while the other two plants had to shut down after they lost their FiT on administrative grounds. In several European countries – AT, EE, HU, IC, IE, NO and RO – there was no increase in the numbers of plants between 2016 and 2017. No more than 10 additional bio-gas plants were registered in BE-Wallonia, CH, CZ, DK, FI, EL, PO, PT, RS and SK. The country with the great-est increase in 2017 was Germany (+122 plants), followed by Italy (+100 plants), France (+74 plants), the UK (+55 plants) and Spain (+43 plants). Despite the data consoli-dation resulting in reduced numbers, 2017 saw an over-all increase of 351 operational biogas plants in Europe, representing 2% growth in the number of plants relative to 2016.
Germany has been the driving force for biogas develop-ment for many years and is still the foremost country in terms of the number of operational plants. The recent German slowdown is partly compensated for by an in-creasing amount of new construction in the UK and France. Figure EU-2 lists the number of plants per coun-try from highest to lowest, clearly showing Germany (10,971 plants) and Italy (1,655 plants) as frontrunners,
EBA Statistical Report 2018
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6,22
7
6,22
7
10,5
08
12,3
97
13,8
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39
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9
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849
2,17
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605
351
+ 69
% + 18
% + 11
% + 6%
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%
+ 4% + 2%
Σ 10,
508
Σ 12,
397
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661 Σ 1
6,83
4
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Σ 17,
432
Σ 17,
783
0
2,000
4,000
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8,000
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16,000
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Euro
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Existing plants New plants
742
632
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574
423
308
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96 81 64 56 37 36 30 29 26 26 18 13 11 11 10
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DE IT FR CH UK CZ AT PL NL ES SE BE SK DK NO FI HU PT LV EL LT LU IE SL HR EE CY BG RO RS
Num
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s in
Euro
pe
Figure EU-1: Development of the number of biogas plants in Europe (left), per 1 Mio capita (right)
Figure EU-2: Number of biogas plants in European countries, arranged in descending order
EBA Statistical Report 2018EUROPEAN OVERVIEW
followed by FR, CH, UK and CZ with more than 500 plants each. Traditionally, the bigger countries are also the ones with a stable biogas market.
Figure EU-2 shows the overall number of plants per country. Figure EU-3, however, displays the number
of plants relative to the population of each country. Germany stays in the lead but is now followed by CH, CZ, LU and AT to make up the top 5, while IT, FR and the UK fall behind, making clear that there is still a very great potential for all European countries to further develop their biogas markets.
EU
AT
BE
CH
CZ
DE
DK
EE
EL
ES
FI
FR
HR
HU
IE
IS
IT
LV
NL
NO
PL
PT
RO
RS
SE
SK
UK
48
16
6
26
54
77
3
11
136
8
12
6
27
16
6
9
4
20
2
1429
13
17
26
8
11
33
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EBA Statistical Report 2018 EUROPEAN OVERVIEW
136
77
54 50 48
3329 27 26 26
20 17 16 16 14 13 13 12 11 11 9 8 8 6 6 6 4 3 2 1 10
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
DE CH CZ LU AT SK LV IT NO DK SE FI BE NL EE SL LT IS CY FR UK HU PL HR PT IE ES EL BG RS RO
Num
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f bio
gas p
lant
s per
1 M
io ca
pita
Agriculture Sewage Landfill Other Unknown
4,15
8
4,15
8
4,77
8
7,26
5
7,99
6
8,35
5
9,12
7
9,98
5
620
2,48
7
730
359
772
858
547
+ 15
%
+ 52
% + 10
%
+ 4%
+ 9%
+ 9% +
5%
Σ 4,7
78
Σ 7,2
65 Σ 7,9
96
Σ 8,3
35 Σ 9,1
27 Σ 9,9
85
Σ 10,
532
0
1,500
3,000
4,500
6,000
7,500
9,000
10,500
2010
2011
2012
2013
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2016
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ectr
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pacit
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W)
Existing capacity New capacity
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Inst
alle
d El
ectr
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pacit
y (M
W)
Num
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nts
Biogas plants Installed electric capacity
Figure EU-3: Number of biogas plants (total and by feedstock type) per 1 Mio capita in European countries in 2017, arranged in descending order
Figure EU-4: Development of the total biogas IEC in Europe (left); Development of the total biogas IEC in Europe set against the total number of biogas plants (right)
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EBA Statistical Report 2018EUROPEAN OVERVIEW
2.1.2 Installed Electric Capacity (IEC) of Biogas Plants (MW)
The total Installed Electric Capacity of biogas plants in Europe (hereafter referred to for brevity as the ‘total bio- gas IEC’) increased by 5% in 2017, reaching a total of 10,532 MW. In 2014, 8,355 MWel were installed and reg-istered in Europe. That figure has increased by 2,536 MWel in the last four years, 547 MWel of which was in-stalled in 2017. The development of biogas IEC in Europe delete in 2017 saw greater growth in biogas IEC than in the number of biogas plants, showing a trend towards in-stallations with higher capacities.
The increase in biogas IEC derives primarily from agri-cultural biogas plants – that includes the treatment of ag-ricultural residues from plant matter and animal manure but also the digestion of energy crops and catch crops. The map in Figure EU-5 depicts the average plant size in each European country. Plants smaller than the Euro-pean average of 0.59 MWel can be found in AT, CH, DK, EE and DE. The UK has the highest average plant size, at 2.68 MWel, followed by Ireland with 1.79 MWel.
4,778
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2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Inst
alle
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ectr
ic Ca
pacit
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W)
Agriculture Sewage Landfill Other Unknown
Figure EU-5: Development of the total biogas IEC (MW) by feedstock (left) and average biogas plant size in European countries (MW/plant) (right)
0.2
1.1
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0.6
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2.7
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1.21.21
0.51.1
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0.4
0.8
0.81.5
0.6
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AT
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CH
CZ
DE
DK
EE
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FI
FR
HR
HU
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IT
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NL
NO
PL
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RO
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SE
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UK
EBA Statistical Report 2018 EUROPEAN OVERVIEW
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2.2 Development of the European Biomethane Market
2.2.1 Number of Biomethane Plants
15 European countries reported biomethane production in 2017, namely AT, CH, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, HU, IS, IT, LU, NL, NO, SE, and the UK. Three more countries – Belgium, Estonia and Ireland – reported their first bio- methane-producing plants in 2018, showing how rapidly the European biomethane sector is developing. The num-ber of biomethane plants has risen quickly in recent years, from 187 plants in 2011 up to a total of 540 plants in 2017, as indicated in Figure EU-12.
The number of biomethane plants in France increased by 18 in 2017, making a total of 44 French biomethane plants. Less than a year later, in the third quarter of 2018, a total of up to 67 biomethane plants was being reported. The ambitious target of 1,000 biomethane plants inject-ing into the national gas grid by 2020, and the subsidy scheme pushing towards biomethane production, make France the European country with the highest growth rate. France is followed by the Netherlands (+13 plants), Denmark (+8 plants) and the United Kingdom (+7 plants). In Italy, adjustments made to the subsidy scheme for biomethane have had an impact on national bio- methane strategy: 5 demonstration-scale biomethane plants were closed in 2017, whereas 2018 saw the instal-lation of 4 new plants.
187
187 23
2 282
367
456 49
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50
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89
41
43
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ber o
f bio
met
hane
pla
nts i
n Eu
rope
Existing plants New plants
Figure EU-12: Development of the number of biomethane plants in Europe
Figure EU-13: Number of biomethane plants in European countries (left) and number per 1 Mio capita (right)
15 1.7
2.41.4
3.8
5.9
7
0.75
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1 0.02
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70
34
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2.2.2 Biomethane production (GWh)
The rate of increase in the number of European bio- methane plants from 2016 to 2017 was half that between 2014 and 2015, but biomethane production has never- theless continued to grow, rising by 12% in 2017. For bi-omethane as for biogas, there is a trend towards larger installations. A total of 19,352 GWh or 1.94 bcm was reached in 2017 (see Figure EU-14).
Although the biomethane market did not grow in Germany in 2017, Germany still has by far the highest number of biomethane plants (195), followed by the UK with 92 biomethane plants (see Figure EU-13). In terms of the number of plants per million head of population, however, Sweden, Luxembourg and Iceland come top of the list.
0.08 0.23 0.93 1.16
1.23
1.730.15
0.70
0.23 0.
07
0.50
0.21
+ 203%
+ 308%
+ 24%+ 6%
+ 40%
+ 12%
Σ 0.08
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Σ 1.73
Σ 1.94
0.0
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etha
ne p
rodu
ctio
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cm)
Existing production New production
Σ 0.93%
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752 2,27
9
9,30
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11,5
75
12,2
93
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64
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Σ 2,279
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Σ 17,264
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12,000
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18,000
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Biom
etha
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rodu
ctio
n (G
Wh)
Σ 0.23%
Figure EU-14: Development of European biomethane production in GWh (left) and bcm (right)
EU
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CZ
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All rights reserved. This report was compiled thanks to the efforts of EBA members and collaborators, who provi-ded all the required statistical data and information. It is primarily intended for EBA members, free of charge, and for sale to other interested parties. All data provided in this report is for information purposes and shall be treated as indicative only. Users shall agree that use of the data contained in this report is their own responsibility. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photoco-pying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For permission requests, please write to [email protected], except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and other non-commercial use permitted by copyright law.
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The Statistical Report is published by the European Biogas Association. All data were kindly provided by members of the association. Design by Patrizia Burger • www.graphicpat.com • [email protected] editing by Kirsten Schütz • [email protected]
European Overview: December 2018Full Version: April 2019
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