2017 FORMULA ONE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS · 1.1 Formula One Car : An automobile designed solely for...
Transcript of 2017 FORMULA ONE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS · 1.1 Formula One Car : An automobile designed solely for...
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 1/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
2017FORMULAONETECHNICALREGULATIONS
PUBLISHEDON9MARCH2017
CONTENTSSUMMARY
Pages
ARTICLE1:DEFINITIONS 6-81.1 FormulaOneCar1.2 Automobile1.3 LandVehicle1.4 Bodywork1.5 Wheel1.6 Completewheel1.7 AutomobileMake1.8 Event1.9 Weight1.10 Cubiccapacity1.11 Pressurecharging1.12 Cockpit1.13 Sprungsuspension1.14 Survivalcell1.15 Camera1.16 Camerahousing1.17 Cockpitpadding1.18 Brakecaliper1.19 Electronicallycontrolled1.20 Openandclosedsections1.21 Powertrain1.22 Powerunit1.23 Engine1.24 EnergyRecoverySystem(ERS)1.25 MotorGeneratorUnit-Kinetic(MGU-K)1.26 MotorGeneratorUnit-Heat(MGU-H)1.27 EnergyStore(ES)1.28 Compressorinlet1.29 CompressoroutletARTICLE2:GENERALPRINCIPLES 92.1 RoleoftheFIA2.2 Amendmentstotheregulations2.3 Dangerousconstruction2.4 Compliancewiththeregulations2.5 Newsystemsortechnologies2.6 Measurements2.7 Dutyofcompetitor
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 2/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE3:BODYWORKANDDIMENSIONS 10-353.1 Definitions3.2 Overalldimensions3.3 Frontwing3.4 Frontbodywork3.5 Rearbodywork3.6 Rearwingandrearimpactstructure3.7 Flooranddiffuser3.8 Aerodynamicinfluence3.9 Bodyworkflexibility3.10 Bodyworkconstruction
ARTICLE4:WEIGHT 364.1 Minimumweight4.2 Weightdistribution4.3 Weightoftyres4.4 Ballast4.5 Addingduringtherace
ARTICLE5:POWERUNIT 37-455.1 Enginespecification5.2 Othermeansofpropulsionandenergyrecovery5.3 Powerunitdimensions5.4 Weightandcentreofgravity5.5 Powerunittorquedemand5.6 Powerunitcontrol5.7 Enginehighrevlimits5.8 Exhaustsystems5.9 Variablegeometrysystems5.10 Fuelsystems5.11 Ignitionsystems5.12 EnergyRecoverySystem(ERS)5.13 Engineancillaries5.14 Engineintakeair5.15 Materialsandconstruction-Definitions5.16 Materialsandconstruction–General5.17 Materialsandconstruction–Components5.18 Materialsandconstruction–Pressurechargingandexhaustsystems5.19 Materialsandconstruction–Energyrecovery,storagesystemsandelectronicsystems5.20 Startingtheengine5.21 Stallpreventionsystems5.22 Replacingpowerunitparts
ARTICLE6:FUELSYSTEM 46-476.1 Fueltanks6.2 Fittingsandpiping6.3 Crushablestructure6.4 Fueltankfillers6.5 Refuelling6.6 Fueldrainingandsampling
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 3/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE7:OILANDCOOLANTSYSTEMSANDCHARGEAIRCOOLING 487.1 Locationofoiltanks7.2 Longitudinallocationofoilsystem7.3 Catchtank7.4 Transversallocationofoilsystem7.5 Coolantheadertank7.6 Coolingsystems7.7 OilandcoolantlinesARTICLE8:ELECTRICALSYSTEMS 49-528.1 Softwareandelectronicsinspection8.2 Controlelectronics8.3 Startsystems8.4 Dataacquisition8.5 Telemetry8.6 Drivercontrolsanddisplays8.7 Driverradio8.8 Accidentdatarecorders(ADR)andhighspeedaccidentcameras8.9 Tracksignalinformationdisplay8.10 Medicalwarningsystem8.11 InstallationofelectricalsystemsorcomponentsARTICLE9:TRANSMISSIONSYSTEM 53-569.1 Transmissiontypes9.2 Clutchcontrol9.3 Tractioncontrol9.4 Clutchdisengagement9.5 Gearboxes9.6 Gearratios9.7 Reversegear9.8 Gearchanging9.9 TorquetransfersystemsARTICLE10:SUSPENSIONANDSTEERINGSYSTEMS 57-5810.1 Sprungsuspension10.2 Suspensiongeometry10.3 Suspensionmembers10.4 Steering10.5 SuspensionuprightsARTICLE11:BRAKESYSTEM 59-6011.1 Brakecircuitsandpressuredistribution11.2 Brakecalipers11.3 Brakediscsandpads11.4 Airducts11.5 Brakepressuremodulation11.6 Liquidcooling11.7 Rearbrakecontrolsystem
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 4/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE12:WHEELSANDTYRES 61-6212.1 Location12.2 Numberofwheels12.3 Wheelmaterial12.4 Wheeldimensions12.5 Supplyoftyres12.6 Specificationoftyres12.7 Treatmentoftyres12.8 Wheelassembly
ARTICLE13:COCKPIT 63-6413.1 Cockpitopening13.2 Steeringwheel13.3 Internalcrosssection13.4 Positionofthedriver’sfeet
ARTICLE14:SAFETYEQUIPMENT 65-6814.1 Fireextinguishers14.2 Masterswitch14.3 Rearviewmirrors14.4 Safetybelts14.5 Rearlight14.6 Cockpitpadding14.7 Wheelretention14.8 Seatfixingandremoval14.9 Headandnecksupports
ARTICLE15:CARCONSTRUCTION 69-7515.1 Permittedmaterials15.2 Rollstructures15.3 Structurebehindthedriver15.4 Survivalcellspecifications15.5 Survivalcellsafetyrequirements
ARTICLE16:IMPACTTESTING 76-7816.1 Conditionsapplicabletoallimpacttests16.2 Frontaltest116.3 Frontaltest216.4 Reartest16.5 Steeringcolumntest
ARTICLE17:ROLLSTRUCTURETESTING 7917.1 Conditionsapplicabletobothrollstructuretests17.2 Principalrollstructuretest17.3 Secondrollstructuretest
ARTICLE18:STATICLOADTESTING 80-8318.1 Conditionsapplicabletoallstaticloadtests18.2 Survivalcellsidetests18.3 Fueltankfloortest18.4 Cockpitfloortest18.5 Cockpitrimtests18.6 Nosepushofftest18.7 Sideintrusiontest18.8 Rearimpactstructurepushofftest18.9 Sideimpactstructurepushofftests18.10Sideimpactstructuresqueezetests
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 5/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE19:FUEL 84-8619.1 PurposeofArticle1919.2 Definitions19.3 Properties19.4 Compositionofthefuel19.5 Air19.6 Safety19.7 Fuelapproval19.8 SamplingandtestingatanEvent
ARTICLE20:TELEVISIONCAMERASANDTIMINGTRANSPONDERS 8720.1 Presenceofcamerasandcamerahousings20.2 Locationofcamerahousings20.3 Locationandfittingofcameraandequipment20.4 Transponders20.5 Installation
ARTICLE21:FINALTEXT 88
APPENDIX1:DRAWINGS 89-97
APPENDIX2:POWERUNITSYSTEMS,FUNCTIONSANDCOMPONENTS 98-99
APPENDIX3:POWERUNITENERGYFLOW 100-102
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 6/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE1:DEFINITIONS
1.1 FormulaOneCar:
Anautomobiledesignedsolelyforspeedracesoncircuitsorclosedcourses.
1.2 Automobile:
Alandvehiclerunningonatleastfournon-alignedcompletewheels,ofwhichatleasttwoareusedforsteeringandatleasttwoforpropulsion.
1.3 Landvehicle:
Alocomotivedevicepropelledbyitsownmeans,movingbyconstantlytakingrealsupportontheearth'ssurface,ofwhichthepropulsionandsteeringareunderthecontrolofadriveraboardthevehicle.
1.4 Bodywork:
Allentirelysprungpartsofthecarincontactwiththeexternalairstream,exceptcameras,camerahousingsandthepartsdefinitelyassociatedwiththemechanicalfunctioningoftheengine,transmissionandrunninggear.Airboxes,radiatorsandengineexhaustsareconsideredtobepartofthebodywork.
1.5 Wheel:
Flangeandrim.
1.6 Completewheel:
Wheelandinflatedtyre.Thecompletewheelisconsideredpartofthesuspensionsystem.
1.7 AutomobileMake:
InthecaseofFormularacingcars,anautomobilemakeisacompletecar.Whenthecarmanufacturerfitsanenginewhichitdoesnotmanufacture,thecarshallbeconsideredahybridandthenameoftheenginemanufacturershallbeassociatedwiththatofthecarmanufacturer.Thenameofthecarmanufacturermustalwaysprecedethatoftheenginemanufacturer.ShouldahybridcarwinaChampionshipTitle,CuporTrophy,thiswillbeawardedtothemanufacturerofthecar.
1.8 Event:
AnyevententeredintotheFIAF1ChampionshipCalendarforanyyearcommencingatthescheduledtimeforscrutineeringandsportingchecksandincludingallpracticeandtheraceitselfandendingatthelaterofthetimeforthelodgingofaprotestunderthetermsoftheSportingCodeandthetimewhenatechnicalorsportingverificationhasbeencarriedoutunderthetermsofthatCode.
1.9 Weight:
Istheweightofthecarwiththedriver,wearinghiscompleteracingapparel,atalltimesduringtheEvent.
1.10 Enginecubiccapacity:
Thevolumesweptinthecylindersoftheenginebythemovementofthepistons.Thisvolumeshallbeexpressedincubiccentimetres.Incalculatingenginecubiccapacity,thenumberPishallbe3.1416.
1.11 Pressurecharging:
Increasingtheweightofthechargeofthefuel/airmixtureinthecombustionchamber(overtheweightinducedbynormalatmosphericpressure,rameffectanddynamiceffectsintheintakeand/orexhaustsystem)byanymeanswhatsoever.Theinjectionoffuelunderpressureisnotconsideredtobepressurecharging.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 7/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
1.12 Cockpit:
Thevolumewhichaccommodatesthedriver.
1.13 Sprungsuspension:
Themeanswherebyallcompletewheelsaresuspendedfromthebody/chassisunitbyaspringmedium.
1.14 Survivalcell:
Acontinuousclosedstructurecontainingthefueltank,thecockpitandthepartsoftheESdefinedinArticle5.4.3.
1.15 Camera:
TelevisioncamerasthedimensionsofwhicharedefinedinDrawing6.
1.16 Camerahousing:
Adevicewhichisidenticalinshapeandweighttoacameraandwhichissuppliedbytherelevantcompetitorforfittingtohiscarinlieuofacamera.
1.17 Cockpitpadding:
Non-structuralpartsplacedwithinthecockpitforthesolepurposeofimprovingdrivercomfortandsafety.Allsuchmaterialmustbequicklyremovablewithouttheuseoftools.
1.18 Brakecaliper:
Allpartsofthebrakingsystemoutsidethesurvivalcell,otherthanbrakediscs,brakepads,caliperpistons,componentsdirectlyassociatedwiththesystemreferredtoinArticle11.7,brakehosesandfittings,whicharestressedwhensubjectedtothebrakingpressure.Boltsorstudswhichareusedforattachmentarenotconsideredtobepartofthebrakingsystem.
1.19 Electronicallycontrolled:
Anycommandsystemorprocessthatutilisessemi-conductororthermionictechnology.
1.20 Openandclosedsections:
Asectionwillbeconsideredclosedifitisfullycompletewithinthedimensionedboundarytowhichitisreferenced,ifitisnotitwillbeconsideredopen.
1.21 Powertrain:
Thepowerunitandassociatedtorquetransmissionsystems,uptobutnotincludingthedriveshafts.
1.22 Powerunit:
Theinternalcombustionengine,completewithitsancillaries,anyenergyrecoverysystemandallactuationsystemsnecessarytomakethemfunctionatalltimes.
1.23 Engine
Theinternalcombustionengineincludingancillariesandactuatorsystemsnecessaryforitsproperfunction.
1.24 EnergyRecoverySystem(ERS):
Asystemthatisdesignedtorecoverenergyfromthecar,storethatenergyandmakeitavailabletopropelthecarand,optionally,todriveanyancillariesandactuationsystemsnecessaryforitsproperfunction.
1.25 MotorGeneratorUnit-Kinetic(MGU-K):
TheKineticMotorGeneratorUnitistheelectricalmachinemechanicallylinkedtothedrivetrainaspartoftheERS.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 8/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
1.26 MotorGeneratorUnit-Heat(MGU-H):
TheHeatMotorGeneratorUnitistheelectricalmachinelinkedtotheexhaustturbineofapressurechargingsystemaspartoftheERS.
1.27 EnergyStore(ES):
ThepartofERSthatstoresenergy,includingitssafetycontrolelectronicsandaminimalhousing.
1.28 CompressorInlet:
Acomponentcontainingaductofclosedcrosssectionthroughwhichallcombustionairentersanycompressor;theductmustextendupstreamofanypartofanyvariablegeometrydevicepermittedbyArticle5.9.
1.29 CompressorOutlet:
Acomponentcontainingaductofclosedcrosssectionthroughwhichallcombustionairexitsanycompressor.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 9/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE2:GENERALPRINCIPLES
2.1 RoleoftheFIA:
ThefollowingtechnicalregulationsforFormulaOnecarsareissuedbytheFIA.
2.2 Amendmentstotheregulations:
TheseTechnicalRegulationsmayonlybechangedafter30April2016withtheunanimousagreementofallcompetitorsenteredinthe2017Championship,saveforchangesmadebytheFIAforsafetyreasonswhichmaycomeintoeffectwithoutnoticeordelay.
2.3 Dangerousconstruction:
Thestewardsofthemeetingmayexcludeavehiclewhoseconstructionisdeemedtobedangerous.
2.4 Compliancewiththeregulations:
AutomobilesmustcomplywiththeseregulationsintheirentiretyatalltimesduringanEvent.
Shouldacompetitorintroduceanewdesignorsystemorfeelthatanyaspectoftheseregulationsisunclear,clarificationmaybesoughtfromtheFIAFormulaOneTechnicalDepartment.Ifclarificationrelatestoanynewdesignorsystem,correspondencemustinclude:
a) Afulldescriptionofthedesignorsystem.
b) Drawingsorschematicswhereappropriate.
c) Thecompetitor'sopinionconcerningtheimmediateimplicationsonotherpartsofthecarofanyproposednewdesign.
d) Thecompetitor'sopinionconcerninganypossiblelongtermconsequencesornewdevelopmentswhichmaycomefromusinganysuchnewdesignsorsystems.
e) Theprecisewayorwaysinwhichthecompetitorfeelsthenewdesignorsystemwillenhancetheperformanceofthecar.
2.5 Newsystemsortechnologies:
Anynewsystem,procedureortechnologynotspecificallycoveredbytheseregulations,butwhichisdeemedpermissiblebytheFIAFormulaOneTechnicalDepartment,willonlybeadmitteduntiltheendoftheChampionshipduringwhichitisintroduced.FollowingthistheFormulaOneCommissionwillbeaskedtoreviewthetechnologyconcernedand,iftheyfeelitaddsnovaluetoFormulaOneingeneral,itwillbespecificallyprohibited.
Anyteamwhosetechnologyisprohibitedinthiswaywillthenberequiredtopublishfulltechnicaldetailsoftherelevantsystemorprocedure.
2.6 Measurements:
Allmeasurementsmustbemadewhilethecarisstationaryonaflathorizontalsurface.
2.7 DutyofCompetitor:
ItisthedutyofeachcompetitortosatisfytheFIAtechnicaldelegateandthestewardsofthemeetingthathisautomobilecomplieswiththeseregulationsintheirentiretyatalltimesduringanEvent.
Thedesignofthecar,itscomponentsandsystemsshall,withtheexceptionofsafetyfeatures,demonstratetheircompliancewiththeseregulationsbymeansofphysicalinspectionofhardwareormaterials.Nomechanicaldesignmayrelyuponsoftwareinspectionasameansofensuringitscompliance.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 10/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE3:BODYWORKANDDIMENSIONS
Infiniteprecisioncanbeassumedoncertaindimensionsprovideditisclearthatsuchanassumptionisnotbeingmadeinordertocircumventorsubverttheintentionoftherelevantregulation.
Sectiontitles,Articletitlesanddrawings,withinthisarticle,havenoregulatoryvalue.
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 WheelcentrelineThecentrelineofanywheelshallbedeemedtobehalfwaybetweentwostraightedges,perpendiculartothesurfaceonwhichthecarisstanding,placedagainstoppositesidesofthecompletewheelatthecentreofthetyretread.
3.1.2 Heightmeasurements
AllheightmeasurementswillbetakennormaltoandfromthereferenceplanedefinedinArticle3.7.1.
3.1.3 Distances
Allmeasurementsrelativetowheelcentrelines,carcentrelineandsurvivalcellplanes(referringtoDrawing5)willbetakenparalleltothereferenceplanedefinedinArticle3.7.1.
3.2 Overalldimensions
3.2.1 Height
Nopartofthebodyworkmaybemorethan950mmabovethereferenceplane.
3.2.2 Width
Theoverallwidthofthecar,excludingtyres,mustnotexceed2000mmwiththesteeredwheelsinthestraightaheadposition.
Bodyworkwidthbetweenthefrontandtherearwheelcentrelinesmustnotexceed1600mm.
3.2.3 Overhangs
Nopartofthecarmaybemorethan710mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelineormorethan1200mminfrontofthefrontwheelcentreline.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 11/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
3.3 Frontwing
3.3.1 Overalldimensions
Allbodyworksituatedforwardofapointlying330mmbehindthefrontwheelcentreline,andmorethan250mmfromthecarcentreline,mustbenolessthan75mmandnomorethan275mmabovethereferenceplane.
Whenviewedfromabove,thisbodyworkmustliewithintheareaenclosedbytheintersectionoffourlines:
a) Adiagonallinefromapoint1200mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineandonthecarcentrelinetoapoint1000mminfrontofthefrontwheelcentrelineand900mmfromthecarcentreline.
b) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand900mmfromthecarcentreline.
c) Adiagonallinefromapoint650mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineandonthecarcentrelinetoapoint450mminfrontofthefrontwheelcentrelineand900mmfromthecarcentreline.
d) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand250mmfromthecarcentreline.
3.3.2 Mandatorycentralsection
Forwardofapointlying450mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentrelineandlessthan250mmfromthecarcentrelineandlessthan125mmabovethereferenceplane,onlyonesinglesectionmaybecontainedwithinanylongitudinalverticalcrosssectionparalleltothecarcentreline.Thissectionmaynotcontainanyclosedchanneltheeffectofwhichistoductairdirectlyorindirectlytoorfromtheexternalairstreamforanypurposeotherthandataacquisition.
Furthermore,withtheexceptionoflocalchangesofsectionwherethebodyworkdefinedinArticle3.3.3attachestoit,thissectionmustconformtotheprofileandincidencedefinedbythecoordinatesspecifiedinDrawing7anditslowertrailingedgepointmustbe86.650mmabovethereferenceplane.
Whenviewedfromabove,theforwardperipheryofthebodyworkdefinedinthisareamustfollowaprofiledefinedby:
a) Adiagonallinefromapoint1200mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineandonthecarcentrelinetoapoint1000mminfrontofthefrontwheelcentrelineand900mmfromthecarcentreline.
b) A500mmradiustangenttothislineandperpendiculartothecarcentrelineatthecarcentrelinewithitscentrelessthan1200mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.Oncethe500mmradiusisdefined,thediagonallineistrimmedtotheintersectionpointwiththeradius,retainingtheoutboardsegment.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 12/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 13/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
3.3.3 Pylons
Anyhorizontalsectiontakenthroughbodyworklocatedforwardofapointlying450mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline,lessthan250mmfromthecarcentreline,andbetween125mmand135mmabovethereferenceplane,mayonlycontaintwoclosedsymmetricalsectionswithamaximumtotalareaof5000mm2.Thethicknessofeachsectionmaynotexceed25mmwhenmeasuredperpendiculartothecarcentreline.
Oncefullydefined,thesectionsat125mmabovethereferenceplanemustbeprojectedverticallytojointheprofilerequiredbyArticle3.3.2.Aradiusnogreaterthan10mmmaybeusedwherethesesectionsjoin.
3.3.4 Endplates
Aheadofthefrontwheelcentrelineandbetween760mmand850mmfromthecarcentrelinetheremustbebodyworkwithaprojectedareaofnolessthan95,000mm2insideview.
3.3.5 Tyredamage
Inordertopreventtyredamagetoothercars,anybodyworkoutboardofthemostinboardpartofthebodyworkusedtodefinethearearequiredbyArticle3.3.4,andwhichismorethan450mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentreline,mustbeatleast10mmthick(beingtheminimumdistancewhenmeasurednormaltothesurfaceinanydirection)witha5mmradiusappliedtoallextremities.
Inaddition,theleading30mmofthisbodyworkmustbeofprescribedlaminate,detailsofthislaminatemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 14/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
3.4 Frontbodywork
3.4.1 Noseshape
Onlyasinglesection,whichmustbeopen,maybecontainedwithinanylongitudinalverticalcrosssectiontakenparalleltothecarcentrelineforwardofapoint150mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentreline,lessthan250mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan125mmabovethereferenceplane.
AnycamerasorcamerahousingsapprovedbytheFIA(andthepartsusedtoattachthesetothebodyworkuptoawidthof15mminthedirectionperpendiculartothecarcentreline),inadditiontoasingleinletapertureforthepurposeofdrivercooling,suchaperturehavingamaximumprojectedsurfaceareaof1500mm2andbeingsituatedforwardofthesectionreferredtoinArticle15.4.3(a),willbeexemptfromtheabove.
3.4.2 Noseandchassismaximumheight
Withtheexceptionofpitottubesandantenna,nobodyworksituatedforwardofthelineA-AreferredtoinDrawing5,whichislessthan250mmfromcarcentreline,mayextendaboveadiagonallinefromapointonA-Aand550mmabovethereferenceplanetoapoint50mmrearwardoftheforward-mostpointoftheimpactabsorbingstructuredefinedinArticle15.4.3and220mmabovethereferenceplane.Nobodyworklessthan250mmfromcarcentreline,andwhichissituatedforwardoftheforward-mostpointofthisdiagonalline,maybemorethan220mmabovethereferenceplane.
Withtheexceptionofatransparentwindscreen,antennaorpitottubes,nobodyworksituatedbetweenthelineA-AreferredtoinDrawing5andthesecondaryrollstructuremayliemorethan625mmabovethereferenceplane.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 15/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
AnybodyworksituatedabovetheimpactabsorbingstructuredefinedbyArticle15.4.3orabovethesurvivalcell,andforwardofthelineB-B,mustbeofprescribedlaminate,detailsofthislaminatemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
3.4.3 Exclusionvolumeunderthenoseandchassis
Insideview,theremustbenobodyworkintheareaformedbytwoverticallines,one425mmbehindthefrontwheelcentreline,one450mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentreline,onediagonallineintersectingtheverticallinesat100mmand135mmabovethereferenceplanerespectively,andonehorizontallineonthereferenceplane.
3.4.4 Exclusionvolumearoundthefrontwheels
WiththeexceptionofthemirrorsdescribedinArticle3.5.2,inplanview,theremustbenobodyworkintheareaenclosedbytheintersectionofthefollowinglines:
a) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand1000mmfromthecarcentreline.
b) Atransverseline450mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.
c) Adiagonallinerunningrearwardsandoutwards,fromapoint875mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineand250mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof28°tothecarcentreline.
d) Atransverseline875mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.
e) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand165mmfromthecarcentreline.
f) Adiagonallinerunningforwardsandinwards,fromapoint430mmrearwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineand240mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof4.5°tothecarcentreline.
g) Adiagonallinefrom430mmrearwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineand240mmfromthecarcentrelineto550mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand1000mmfromthecarcentreline.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 16/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 17/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
3.5 Rearbodywork
3.5.1 Enginecover
a) Withtheexceptionoftheopeningdescribedinc),whenviewedfromtheside,thecarmusthavebodyworkintheareaboundedbyfourlines:onevertical1330mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,onehorizontal550mmabovethereferenceplane,onehorizontal925mmabovethereferenceplaneandonediagonalwhichintersectsthe925mmhorizontalatapoint1000mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineandthe550mmhorizontalatapointlying50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline.
Bodyworkwithinthisareamustbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelineand,whenmeasured200mmverticallybelowthediagonalboundaryline,musthaveminimumwidthsof150mmand50mmrespectivelyatpointslying1000mmand50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline.Thisbodyworkmustlieonoroutsidetheboundarydefinedbyalineartaperbetweentheseminimumwidths.
b) Bodyworklyingverticallyabovetheupperboundaryasdefinedina)maybenowiderthan125mmandmustbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentreline.
c) Inorderthatacarmaybeliftedquicklyintheeventofitstoppingonthecircuit,theprincipalrolloverstructuremustincorporateaclearlyvisibleunobstructedopeningdesignedtopermitastrap,whosesectionmeasures60mmx30mm,topassthroughit.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 18/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
3.5.2 Sidepodsheight
a) Otherthantherearviewmirrors(includingtheirmountings),eachwithamaximumareaof12000mm²and14000mm²whenviewedfromdirectlyaboveordirectlyfromthesiderespectively,nobodyworksituatedmorethan330mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelineandmorethan330mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,whichismorethan600mmabovethereferenceplane,maybemorethan320mmfromthecarcentreline.
b) Nobodyworkbetweentherearwheelcentrelineandaline800mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,whichismorethan375mmfromthecarcentreline,maybemorethan500mmabovethereferenceplane.
c) Nobodyworkbetweentherearwheelcentrelineandaline400mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,whichismorethan375mmfromthecarcentreline,maybemorethan300mmabovethereferenceplane.
3.5.3 Sideimpactstructures
TheimpactabsorbingstructuresdefinedbyArticle15.5.2mustbefullyenclosedbybodywork,suchthatnopartoftheimpactstructureisincontactwiththeexternalairflow.Whencutbyalongitudinalverticalplane,thebodyworkenclosingtheseimpactstructuresmustnotformclosedsectionsintheregionbetween300mmand875mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpittemplate.
3.5.4 Sidepodsleadingedge
Nopartoftheareaenclosedbytheintersectionofthefollowinglines,onaplane500mmaboveandparalleltothereferenceplane,maybevisiblefromdirectlyabovethecar:
a) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand580mmfromthecarcentreline.
b) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand320mmfromthecarcentreline.
c) Adiagonallinerunningrearwardsandoutwards,fromapoint600mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand320mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof75°tothecarcentreline.
d) Adiagonallinerunningrearwardsandoutwards,fromapoint400mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand320mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof75°tothecarcentreline.
3.5.5 Exclusionvolumeaheadofthesidepods
WiththeexceptionofthemirrorsdescribedinArticle3.5.2,theremustbenobodywork,inplanview,intheareaenclosedbytheintersectionofthefollowinglines:
a) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand700mmfromthecarcentreline.
b) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand320mmfromthecarcentreline.
c) Adiagonallinerunningrearwardsandoutwards,fromapoint700mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand320mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof75°tothecarcentreline.
d) Adiagonallinerunningrearwardsandoutwards,fromapoint625mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand320mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof75°tothecarcentreline.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 19/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
3.5.6 Bargeboardsheight
WiththeexceptionofthemirrorsdefinedinArticle3.5.2,nobodyworkwhich,inplanview,isintheareaenclosedbytheintersectionofthefollowinglinesmaybemorethan475mmabovethereferenceplane:
a) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand800mmfromthecarcentreline.
b) Alongitudinallineparalleltoand320mmfromthecarcentreline.
c) Atransverseline430mmrearwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.
d) Adiagonallinerunningrearwardsandoutwards,fromapoint625mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand320mmfromthecarcentreline,atanangleof75°tothecarcentreline.
3.5.7 Bodyworkshape(R75rule)
Anyverticalcrosssectionofbodyworknormaltothecarcentrelinesituatedinthevolumesdefinedbelowmustformonetangentcontinuouscurveonitsexternalsurface.Thistangentcontinuouscurvemaynotcontainanyradiuslessthan75mm:
a) Thevolumebetween175mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineand300mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan25mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan100mmabovethereferenceplane.
b) Thevolumebetween100mmand300mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan125mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan100mmabovethereferenceplane.
c) Thevolumebetween100mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand300mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan360mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan100mmabovethereferenceplane.
d) Thevolumebetween100mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateand450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,whichismorethan125mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan695mmabovethereferenceplane.
e) Thevolumebetween50mmand175mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,whichismorethan25mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan175mmabovethereferenceplane.
Thesurfaceslyingwithinthesevolumes,whicharesituatedmorethan55mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,mustnotcontainanyapertures(otherthanthosepermittedbyArticle3.5.8)orcontainanyverticalsurfaceswhichlienormaltothecarcentreline.
3.5.8 Apertures
OncetherelevantbodyworksurfacesaredefinedinaccordancewithArticle3.5.7,apertures,anyofwhichmayadjoinoroverlapeachother,maybeaddedforthepurposeofallowingsuspensionmembersanddriveshaftstoprotrudethroughthebodywork.Onlyoneaperturemaybeaddedforeachsuspensionmemberandnosuchaperturemayhaveanareagreaterthan12,000mm2whenprojectedontothesurfaceitself.Nopointonanaperturemaybemorethan200mmfromanyotherpointontheaperture.
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3.6 Rearwingandrearimpactstructure
3.6.1 Height
Nopartofthebodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemaybemorethan800mmabovethereferenceplane.
3.6.2 Width
a) Thewidthofbodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandmorethan450mmabovethereferenceplanemustnotexceed950mm.
b) Thewidthofbodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandbetween200mmand450mmabovethereferenceplanemustnotexceed840mm.
3.6.3 Rearwingprofiles
OtherthanthebodyworkdefinedinArticle3.6.6,anybodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelinewhichismorethan600mmabovethereferenceplane,andlessthan455mmfromthecarcentreline,mustlieinanareawhenviewedfromthesideofthecarthatissituatedbetween150mmand500mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline.
WiththeexceptionofthebodyworkassociatedwithadjustmentofthesectioninaccordancewithArticle3.6.8:
a) Whenviewedfromthesideofthecar,nolongitudinalverticalcrosssectionmayhavemorethantwosectionsinthisarea,eachofwhichmustbeclosed.
b) Nopartoftheselongitudinalverticalcrosssectionsincontactwiththeexternalairstreammayhavealocalconcaveradiusofcurvaturesmallerthan100mm.
AnybodyworkassociatedwiththeadjustmentoftherearmostsectioninaccordancewithArticle3.6.8mustbelocatedeitherlessthan25mmfromthelongitudinalcentrelineofcarormorethan450mmfromthelongitudinalcentrelineofthecar.
Oncetherearmostanduppermostsectionisdefined,‘gurney’typetrimtabsmaybefittedtothetrailingedge.Whenmeasuredinanylongitudinalverticalcrosssectionnodimensionofanysuchtrimtabmayexceed20mm.
Thechordoftherearmostanduppermostclosedsectionmustalwaysbesmallerthanthechordofthelowermostsectionatthesamelateralstation.
Furthermore,thedistancebetweenadjacentsectionsatanylongitudinalverticalplanemustliebetween10mmand15mmattheirclosestposition,except,inaccordancewithArticle3.6.8,whenthisdistancemustliebetween10mmand65mm.
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3.6.4 Separators
InordertoensurethattheindividualprofilesandtherelationshipbetweenthesetwosectionscanonlychangewhilstthecarisinmotioninaccordancewithArticle3.6.8,theymustbebridgedbymeansofpairsofrigidimpervioussupportsarrangedsuchthatnopartofthetrailingedgeoftheforwardsectionmaybemorethan250mmlaterallyfromapairofsupports.Thesepairsofsupportsmust:
a) Belocatednomorethan455mmfromthecarcentreline.
b) Fullyencloseeachcompletesectionsuchthattheirinnerprofilesmatchthatofeachsection.Withtheexceptionofminimallocalchangeswherethetwosectionsareadjacenttoeachother,theirouterprofilesmustbeoffsetfromtheinnerprofilesbybetween8mmand30mmandmaynotincorporateanyradiussmallerthan10mm(‘gurney’typetrimtabsmayhoweverbefittedbetweenthesupports).
c) Bealignedasapairsoastoprovideabearingacrosstheirfullthicknessandalongaprofilelengthofatleast10mmwhenthedistancebetweenthetwosectionsisatitsclosestposition.
d) Notberecessedintothewingprofiles(wherearecessisdefinedasareductioninsectionatarategreaterthan45°withrespecttoalateralaxis).
e) Bearrangedsothatanycurvatureoccursonlyinahorizontalplane(otherthanwhenthisbodyworkisadjustedinaccordancewithArticle3.6.8).
f) Bebetween2mmand5mmthick.
g) Berigidlyfixedtotheirrespectivesections.
h) Beconstructedfromamaterialwithmodulusgreaterthan50GPa.
ThesesupportswillbeignoredwhenassessingwhetherthecarisincompliancewithArticles3.6.1,3.6.3,3.6.5,3.6.6and3.6.7.
3.6.5 Rearimpactstructure
Anypartsofthecarlessthan100mmfromthecarcentrelineandmorethan500mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemustbesituatedbetween200mmand400mmabovethereferenceplane.
3.6.6 Pylons
Anyhorizontalsectionbetween550mmand600mmabovethereferenceplane,takenthroughbodyworklocatedrearwardofapointlying50mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineandlessthan100mmfromthecarcentreline,maycontainnomorethantwoclosedsymmetricalsectionswithamaximumtotalareaof5000mm².Thethicknessofeachsectionmaynotexceed25mmwhenmeasuredperpendiculartothecarcentreline.
Oncefullydefined,thesectionat595mmabovethereferenceplanemaybeextrudedupwardstojointhesectionsdefinedinArticle3.6.3.Afilletradiusnogreaterthan10mmmaybeusedwherethesesectionsjoin.
3.6.7 Endplates
a) Insideview,theprojectedareaofanybodyworklyingbetween300mmand800mmabovethereferenceplaneandbetweentherearwheelcentrelineandapoint710mmbehinditandmorethan400mmfromthecarcentrelinemustbegreaterthan230000mm².
b) Anybodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentreline,morethan100mmfromthecarcentreline,andbetween200mmand600mmabovethereferenceplanemustlieinanareamorethan400mmfromthecarcentreline.Onanyhorizontalsectionthroughthebodyworkinthisarea,atanygivenlongitudinalpositionalongthissection,thedistancebetweentheinnerandoutersurfacesmustnotexceed20mmmeasuredperpendiculartothecarcentreline.
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c) Insideview,nobodyworkrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline,andbetween100mmand475mmfromthecarcentreline,maybesituatedverticallyaboveadiagonallinewhichhastheforwardpoint370mmabovethereferenceplaneandontherearwheelcentrelineandtherearwardpoint800mmabovethereferenceplaneand190mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline.
d) Insideview,nobodyworkrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline,andbetween100mmand475mmfromthecarcentreline,maybesituatedrearwardofadiagonallinewhichhastheforwardpoint200mmabovethereferenceplaneand450mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentrelineandtherearwardpoint800mmabovethereferenceplaneand710mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline.
3.6.8 Dragreductionsystem(DRS)
TheincidenceoftherearmostanduppermostclosedsectiondescribedinArticle3.6.3maybevariedwhilstthecarisinmotionprovided:
a) Itcomprisesonlyonecomponentthatmustbesymmetricallyarrangedaboutthecarcentrelinewithaminimumwidthof908mm.
b) Withtheexceptionofminimalpartssolelyassociatedwithadjustmentofthesection,nopartsofthesectionincontactwiththeexternalairstreammaybelocatedanymorethan455mmfromthecarcentreline.
c) Withtheexceptionofanyminimalpartssolelyassociatedwithadjustmentoftherearmostanduppermostsection,twoclosedsectionsareusedintheareadescribedinArticle3.6.3.
d) Anysuchvariationofincidencemaintainscompliancewithallofthebodyworkregulations.
e) Itcannotbeusedtochangethegeometryofanyduct,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,otherthanthechangetothedistancebetweenadjacentsectionspermittedbyArticle3.6.3..
f) Whenviewedfromthesideofthecaratanylongitudinalverticalcrosssection,thephysicalpointofrotationoftherearmostanduppermostclosedsectionmustbefixedandlocatednomorethan20mmbelowtheupperextremityandnomorethan20mmforwardoftherearextremityoftheareadescribedinArticle3.6.3atalltimes.
g) Thedesignissuchthatfailureofthesystemwillresultintheuppermostclosedsectionreturningtothenormalhighincidenceposition.
h) AnyalterationoftheincidenceoftheuppermostclosedsectionmayonlybecommandedbydirectdriverinputandcontrolledusingthecontrolelectronicsspecifiedinArticle8.2.
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3.7 Flooranddiffuser
CompliancewiththisArticlemustbedemonstratedwithallunsprungpartsofthecarremoved.
3.7.1 Stepandreferenceplanes
WiththepartsreferredtoinArticles3.7.10,3.7.11and3.7.12removedallsprungpartsofthecarsituatedfrom430mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelineto175mminfrontoftherearwheelcentreline,andwhicharevisiblefromunderneath,mustformsurfaceswhichlieononeoftwoparallelplanes,thereferenceplaneorthestepplane.Thisdoesnotapplytoanypartsofrearviewmirrorswhicharevisible,providedeachoftheseareasdoesnotexceed12000mm²whenprojectedtoahorizontalplaneabovethecar.
Thestepplanemustbe50mmabovethereferenceplane.
Additionally,thesurfaceformedbyallpartslyingonthereferenceplanemust:
a) Covertheareawhichisboundedbytwotransversallines,one430mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelineandtheotherontherearwheelcentreline,andtwolongitudinallines150mmeithersideofthecarcentreline.
b) Haveamaximumwidthof500mm.
c) Besymmetricalaboutthecarcentreline.
d) Havea50mmradius(+/-2mm)oneachfrontcornerwhenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecar,thisbeingappliedafterthesurfacehasbeendefined.
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3.7.2 Transition
Thesurfacelyingonthereferenceplanemustbejoinedarounditsperipherytothesurfaceslyingonthestepplanebyaverticaltransition.Ifthereisnosurfacevisibleonthestepplaneverticallyaboveanypointaroundtheperipheryofthereferenceplane,thistransitionisnotnecessary.
3.7.3 Boundaries
Thesurfacelyingonthereferenceplanemaybecurvedupwardsatitsboundarieswithanarcofconstantcurvaturewhoseradiusofcurvatureisnogreaterthan25mm,withnoinflection,whichistangentialtothesurfaceandappliedperpendiculartotheboundary.Innocasemaythearcstartfurtherthan25mmfromtheboundary(whenmeasuredonthesurfaceandperpendiculartothisboundary).
Wheretheverticaltransitionmeetsthesurfacesonthestepplanearadiusnogreaterthan25mmispermitted(aradiusinthiscontextwillbeconsideredasanarcofconstantcurvatureappliedperpendiculartotheboundaryandtangentialtobothsurfaces).
Thesurfaceslyingonthestepplanewhichdonotmeetoneoftheverticaltransitionsmaybecurvedupwardsattheirboundarieswithanarcwhoseradiusofcurvatureisnogreaterthan100mmatanypoint,withnoinflection,whichistangentialtothesurfaceandappliedperpendiculartotheboundary.Innocasemaythearcstartfurtherthan100mmfromtheboundary(whenmeasuredonthesurfaceandperpendiculartothisboundary).
Thesurfacelyingonthereferenceplane,thesurfaceslyingonthestepplane,theverticaltransitionsbetweenthemandanysurfacesrearwardofthesurfaceslyingonthereferenceorstepplanes,mustfirstbefullydefinedbeforeanyradiuscanbeappliedorthepartsreferredtoinArticles3.7.10,3.7.11and3.7.12fitted.Anyradiusappliedisstillconsideredpartoftherelevantsurface.
3.7.4 Floorconstruction
Allpartslyingonthereferenceandstepplanes,inadditiontothetransitionbetweenthetwoplanes,mustproduceuniform,solid,hard,continuous(nofullyenclosedholes),rigid(nodegreeoffreedominrelationtothebody/chassisunit),impervioussurfacesunderallcircumstances.
Fullyenclosedholesareonlypermittedinthesurfaceslyingonthereferenceandstepplanesforwardofaline450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,providednopartofthecarisvisiblethroughthemwhenviewedfromdirectlybelow.Thisdoesnotapplytoanypartsofrearviewmirrorswhicharevisible,providedeachoftheseareasdoesnotexceed12000mm²whenprojectedtoahorizontalplaneabovethecar.
3.7.5 Tolerances
Tohelpovercomeanypossiblemanufacturingproblems,andnottopermitanydesignwhichmaycontraveneanypartoftheseregulations,thefollowingdimensionaltolerancesarepermittedonbodyworksituatedbetween430mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelineandtherearwheelcentreline:averticaltoleranceof+/-3mmispermissibleacrossthesurfaceslyingonthereferenceandstepplanesandahorizontaltoleranceof3mmispermittedwhenassessingwhetherasurfaceisvisiblefrombeneaththecar.
3.7.6 Diffuserwidth
Thewidthofbodyworkbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandlessthan200mmabovethereferenceplanemustnotexceed1050mm.
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3.7.7 Diffuserlength
Nopartofthecarbetween100mmand525mmfromthecarcentrelineandlessthan200mmabovethereferenceplanemaybemorethan350mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.
3.7.8 Diffuserheightandconstruction
a) Nobodyworkwhichisvisiblefrombeneaththecarandwhichliesbetween175mminfrontoftherearwheelcentrelineandapoint350mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentrelinemaybemorethan175mmabovethereferenceplane.
Additionally,anybodyworkinthisareamustproduceuniform,solid,hard,continuous(nofullyenclosedholes),rigid(nodegreeoffreedominrelationtothebody/chassisunit),impervioussurfacesunderallcircumstances).
b) Allsprungpartsofthecarsituatedbehindaline175mminfrontoftherearwheelcentreline,whicharevisiblefromunderneathandaremorethan250mmfromthecarcentreline,mustbeatleast50mmabovethereferenceplane.
3.7.9 Continuity
a) Inanarealying450mmorlessfromthecarcentreline,andfrom450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateto350mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline,anyintersectionofanybodyworkvisiblefrombeneaththecarwithalateralorlongitudinalverticalplaneshouldformonecontinuouslinewhichisvisiblefrombeneaththecar.
b) Inanarealying700mmorlessfromthecarcentreline,andfrom450mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateto350mmforwardoftherearwheelcentreline,anyintersectionofanybodyworkvisiblefrombeneaththecarwithalateralorlongitudinalverticalplaneshouldformonecontinuouslinewhichisvisiblefrombeneaththecar.
3.7.10 Plank
Beneaththesurfaceformedbyallpartslyingonthereferenceplane,arectangularplank,witha50mmradius(+/-2mm)oneachfrontcorner,mustbefitted.Thisplankmaycomprisenomorethanthreepieces,theforwardoneofwhichmaynotbeanylessthan900mminlength,butmust:
a) Extendlongitudinallyfromapointlying430mmbehindthefrontwheelcentrelinetotherearwheelcentreline.
b) Haveawidthof300mmwithatoleranceof+/-2mm.
c) Bemadefromabondedassemblytheupper0.5mmofwhichmusthaveaspecificgravityofbetween1.3and1.65andtheremainderaspecificgravityofbetween1.3and1.45.
d) Haveathicknessof10mmwithatoleranceof+/-1mm.
e) Haveauniformthicknesswhennew.
f) Pocketingofthelower9.5mmoftheplankfromaboveispermittedbetween630mmto880mmandfrom1280mmbehindthefrontwheelcentreline,howeverthepocketdepthmaynotreducetheremainingplankmaterialthicknesstolessthan2mmfromeitherthelowestsurfacebelowthereferenceplanewhenneworthelowersurfaceofanyrecessesnecessarytofittheskidspermittedbyArticle3.7.11.Furthermore,theperipheryofanypocket,inanyhorizontalplaneparalleltothereferenceplane,mustbenotlessthan10mmfromeithertheedgesoftheplankoranyholesorrecessesintheplank.Inverticalcrosssectiontheinternalpocketfilletradiimustbeatleast3mmandinhorizontalcrosssection10mm.Pocketsmayonlybefilledwithamaterialhavingaspecificgravityoflessthan0.25.
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g) HavenootherholesorcutoutsotherthanthosenecessarytofittheskidspermittedbyArticle3.7.11orthefastenerspermittedbyArticle3.7.12,orthoseholesspecificallymentionedinh)below.
h) HavesevenpreciselyplacedholesthepositionsofwhicharedetailedinDrawing1.Inordertoestablishtheconformityoftheplankassemblyafteruse,itsthicknesswillonlybemeasuredinthefour50mmdiameterholesandthetwoforward80mmdiameterholes,regardlessofwhetherplankorskidmaterialispresent(seeArticle3.7.11(a)).
Fourfurther10mmdiameterholesarepermittedprovidedtheirsolepurposeistoallowaccesstotheboltswhichsecuretheAccidentDataRecordertothesurvivalcell.
i) Befixedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelineinsuchawaythatnoairmaypassbetweenthecompleteplankassemblyandthesurfaceformedbythepartslyingonthereferenceplane.
Theloweredgeoftheperipheryoftheplankmaybechamferedatanangleof30°toadepthof8mm,thetrailingedgehowevermaybechamferedoveradistanceof200mmtoadepthof8mm.
3.7.11 Skids
Thelowersurfaceoftheplankmaybefittedwithflushmountedmetalskidswhich:
a) Mayonlybefittedinplaceofplankmaterial.
b) Haveatotalareanogreaterthan20000mm²whenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecar.
c) Arenogreaterthan4000mm²inareaindividuallywhenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecar.
d) Arefittedinorderthattheirentirelowersurfacesarevisiblefromdirectlybeneaththecar.
e) Musthaveaminimumcrosssectionalthicknessof15mmacrossitsexternalboundariesinplanview.
Theminimumwallthicknessbetweenaninternalfixingholeandtheexternalboundariesoftheskidmustbenolessthan7.5mm.
f) Musthaveanuppersurfacenomorethan3mmbelowthereferenceplane.
g) MustbedesignedsuchthattheyaresecuredtothecarusingthefastenersdescribedinArticle3.7.12andthat,whenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecar,nopartoftheskidismorethan50mmfromthecentrelineofafastenerwhichpassesthroughthatskid.
h) MustbemadefromTitaniumalloy.
3.7.12 Plankandskidsmounting
Theplankandskidsmustbefixedtothecarusingfastenerswhich:
a) ArenosmallerthanM6andaremadefromgrade12.9steel.
b) Ifusedtoattachaskidtothecar,mustemployatleast1fastenerper1000mm2ofskidarea.
c) Ifusedtoattachaskidtothecar,theteammustbeabletoshowbycalculationthattheshanksofthefasteners(whichmaybenolessthan6mmdiameter)aretheweakestpointintheattachmentoftheskidstothecar.
d) Mayusealoadspreadingwasherifrequired.
Thetotalareaofthefastenersandanyloadspreadingwashersemployedwiththemwhenviewedfromdirectlybeneaththecarmustbelessthan5000mm2.Theareaofanysinglefastenerplusitsloadspreadingwashermaynotexceed500mm².
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Nopartofanyfastenerorloadspreadingwashermaybemorethan8mmbelowthereferenceplane.Fortheavoidanceofdoubt,theskidsreferredtoinArticle3.7.11willnotbetreatedasloadspreadingwashers.
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3.8 Aerodynamicinfluence
WiththeexceptionoftheductsdescribedinArticle11.4,anyspecificpartofthecarinfluencingitsaerodynamicperformance:
a) Mustcomplywiththerulesrelatingtobodywork.
b) Mustberigidlysecuredtotheentirelysprungpartofthecar(rigidlysecuredmeansnothavinganydegreeoffreedom).
WiththeexceptionofthedriveradjustablebodyworkdescribedinArticle3.6.8(inadditiontominimalpartssolelyassociatedwithitsactuation)andtheductsdescribedinArticle11.4,anyspecificpartofthecarinfluencingitsaerodynamicperformancemustremainimmobileinrelationtothesprungpartofthecar.
Anydeviceorconstructionthatisdesignedtobridgethegapbetweenthesprungpartofthecarandthegroundisprohibitedunderallcircumstances.
Noparthavinganaerodynamicinfluenceandnopartofthebodywork,withtheexceptionofthepartsreferredtoinArticles3.7.10,3.7.11and3.7.12,mayunderanycircumstancesbelocatedbelowthereferenceplane.
WiththeexceptionofthepartsnecessaryfortheadjustmentdescribedinArticle3.6.8,anycarsystem,deviceorprocedurewhichusesdrivermovementasameansofalteringtheaerodynamiccharacteristicsofthecarisprohibited.
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3.9 Bodyworkflexibility
3.9.1 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan15mmverticallywhena1000Nloadisappliedverticallytoitatpoints675mmand975mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineand795mmfromthecarcentreline.Theloadwillbeappliedinadownwarddirectionusinga50mmdiameterramonarectangularadaptermeasuring400mmx150mm.Thisadaptermustbesuppliedbytheteamand:
a) Haveaflattopsurfacewithoutrecesses.
b) Befittedtothecarsoastoapplythefullloadtothebodyworkatthetestpointandnottoincreasetherigidityofthepartsbeingtested.
c) Beplacedwiththeinner400mmedgeparalleltothecarcentrelineanddisplacedfromitby720mm.
d) Beplacedwithitsforwardedge1025mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.
Thedeflectionwillbemeasuredalongtheloadingaxisatthebottomofthebodyworkatthispointandrelativetothereferenceplane.
3.9.2 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan10mmverticallywhena500Nloadisappliedverticallytoit450mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelineand650mmfromthecarcentreline.Theloadwillbeappliedinadownwarddirectionusinga50mmdiameterramandanadapterofthesamesize.Teamsmustsupplythelatterwhensuchatestisdeemednecessary.
3.9.3 Bodyworkmaydeflectbynomorethanonedegreehorizontallywhenaloadof1000Nisappliedsimultaneouslytoitsextremitiesinarearwarddirection775mmabovethereferenceplaneand20mmforwardoftheforwardedgeoftherearwingendplateat775mmabovethereferenceplane.
3.9.4 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan2mmverticallywhena500Nloadisappliedsimultaneouslytoeachsideofit250mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline,325mmfromthecarcentrelineand820mmabovethereferenceplane.Thedeflectionwillbemeasuredattheouterextremitiesofthebodyworkatapoint395mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.
Theloadwillbeappliedinadownwarddirectionthroughpadsmeasuring200mmx100mmwhichconformtotheshapeofthebodyworkbeneaththem,andwiththeiruppermosthorizontalsurface820mmabovethereferenceplane.Theloadwillbeappliedtothecentreofareaofthepads.Teamsmustsupplythelatterwhensuchatestisdeemednecessary.
3.9.5 Bodyworkmaydeflectnomorethan5mmverticallywhena4000Nloadisappliedverticallytoitatthreedifferentpointswhichlieonthecarcentrelineand100mmeithersideofit.Eachoftheseloadswillbeappliedinanupwarddirectionatapoint480mmrearwardofthefrontwheelcentrelineusinga50mmdiameterraminthetwoouterlocationsanda70mmdiameterramonthecarcentreline.
Staysorstructuresbetweenthefrontofthebodyworklyingonthereferenceplaneandthesurvivalcellmaybepresentforthistest,providedtheyarecompletelyrigidandhavenosystemormechanismwhichallowsnon-lineardeflectionduringanypartofthetest.
Furthermore,thebodyworkbeingtestedinthisareamaynotincludeanycomponentwhichiscapableofallowingmorethanthepermittedamountofdeflectionunderthetestload(includinganylineardeflectionabovethetestload),suchcomponentscouldinclude,butarenotlimitedto:
a) Joints,bearingspivotsoranyotherformofarticulation.
b) Dampers,hydraulicsoranyformoftimedependentcomponentorstructure.
c) Bucklingmembersoranycomponentordesignwhichmayhaveanynon-linearcharacteristics.
d) Anypartswhichmaysystematicallyorroutinelyexhibitpermanentdeformation.
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3.9.6 Theuppermostaerofoilelementlyingbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemaydeflectnomorethan5mmhorizontallywhena500Nloadisappliedhorizontally.Theloadwillbeapplied800mmabovethereferenceplaneatthreeseparatepointswhichlieonthecarcentrelineand240mmeithersideofit.Theloadswillbeappliedinarearwarddirectionusingasuitable25mmwideadapterwhichmustbesuppliedbytherelevantteam.
3.9.7 Theforward-mostaerofoilelementlyingbehindtherearwheelcentrelineandwhichliesmorethan580mmabovethereferenceplanemaydeflectnomorethan2mmverticallywhena200Nloadisappliedvertically.Theloadwillbeappliedinlinewiththetrailingedgeoftheelementatanypointacrossitswidth.
Theloadswillbeappliedusingasuitableadapter,suppliedbytherelevantteam,which:
a) Maybenomorethan50mmwide.
b) Whichextendsnomorethan10mmforwardofthetrailingedge.
c) Incorporatesan8mmfemalethreadintheunderside.
3.9.8 Anypartofthetrailingedgeofanyfrontwingflapmaydeflectnomorethan5mm,whenmeasuredalongtheloadingaxis,whena60Npointloadisappliednormaltotheflap.
3.9.9 InordertoensurethattherequirementsofArticle3.8arerespected,theFIAreservestherighttointroducefurtherload/deflectiontestsonanypartofthebodyworkwhichappearstobe(orissuspectedof),movingwhilstthecarisinmotion.
3.10 Bodyworkconstruction
3.10.1 Inordertoavoidthespreadofdebrisonthetrackfollowinganaccident,theouterskinsofthefrontwingendplatesandanyturningvanesinthevicinityofthefrontwheels(andanysimilarlyvulnerablebodyworkpartsinthisarea),mustbemadepredominantlyfrommaterialswhichareincludedforthespecificpurposeofcontainingdebris.
TheFIAmustbesatisfiedthatallsuchpartsareconstructedinordertoachievethestatedobjective.
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ARTICLE4:WEIGHT
4.1 Minimumweight:
Theweightofthecar,withoutfuel,mustnotbelessthan728kgatalltimesduringtheEvent.
If,whenrequiredforchecking,acarisnotalreadyfittedwithdry-weathertyres,itwillbeweighedonasetofdry-weathertyresselectedbytheFIAtechnicaldelegate.
4.2 Weightdistribution:
Theweightappliedonthefrontandrearwheelsmustnotbelessthan330kgand391kgrespectivelyatalltimesduringthequalifyingpracticesession.
If,whenrequiredforchecking,acarisnotalreadyfittedwithdry-weathertyres,itwillbeweighedonasetofdry-weathertyresselectedbytheFIAtechnicaldelegate.
4.3 Ballast:
Ballastcanbeusedprovideditissecuredinsuchawaythattoolsarerequiredforitsremoval.ItmustbepossibletofixsealsifdeemednecessarybytheFIAtechnicaldelegate.
4.4 Addingduringtherace:
Withtheexceptionofcompressedgases,nosubstancemaybeaddedtothecarduringtherace.Ifitbecomesnecessarytoreplaceanypartofthecarduringtherace,thenewpartmustnotweighanymorethantheoriginalpart.
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ARTICLE5:POWERUNIT
5.1 Enginespecification:
5.1.1 Only4-strokeengineswithreciprocatingpistonsarepermitted.
5.1.2 Enginecubiccapacitymustbe1600cc(+0/-10cc).
5.1.3 Crankshaftrotationalspeedmustnotexceed15000rpm.
5.1.4 Fuelmassflowmustnotexceed100kg/h.
5.1.5 Below10500rpmthefuelmassflowmustnotexceedQ(kg/h)=0.009N(rpm)+5.5.
5.1.6 Pressurechargingmayonlybeeffectedbytheuseofasolesinglestagecompressorlinkedtoasolesinglestageexhaustturbinebyashaftassemblyparalleltotheenginecrankshaftandwithin25mmofthecarcentreline.Theshaftmustbedesignedsoastoensurethattheshaftassembly,thecompressorandtheturbinealwaysrotateaboutacommonaxisandatthesameangularvelocity,anelectricalmotorgenerator(MGU-H)maybedirectlycoupledtoit.Theshaftmaynotbemechanicallylinkedtoanyotherdevice.
5.1.7 Allenginesmusthavesixcylindersarrangedina90°“V”configurationandthenormalsectionofeachcylindermustbecircular.
Allsixcylindersmustbeofequalcapacity.
5.1.8 Enginesmusthavetwoinletandtwoexhaustvalvespercylinder.
Onlyreciprocatingpoppetvalveswithaxialdisplacementarepermitted.
Thesealinginterfacebetweenthemovingvalvecomponentandthestationaryenginecomponentmustbecircular.
5.1.9 Engineexhaustgasesmayonlyexitthecylinderheadthroughoutletsoutboardofthecylinderborecentrelineandnotfromwithinthe“V”centre.
5.1.10 Thecrankshaftmayonlyhavethreeconnectingrodbearingjournals.
5.2 Othermeansofpropulsionandenergyrecovery:
5.2.1 Theuseofanydevice,otherthantheenginedescribedin5.1above,andoneMGU-K,topropelthecar,isnotpermitted.
5.2.2 Energyflows,powerandESstateofchargelimitsaredefinedintheenergyflowdiagramshowninAppendix3oftheseregulations.
Whenthecarisonthetrackalapwillbemeasuredoneachsuccessivecrossingofthetimingline,however,whenenteringthepitsthelapwillend,andthenextonewillbegin,atthestartofthepitlane(asdefinedintheF1SportingRegulations).
ElectricalDCmeasurementswillbeusedtoverifythattheenergyandpowerrequirementsarebeingrespected.
Afixedefficiencycorrectionof0.95willbeusedtomonitorthemaximumMGU-Kpower.
5.2.3 TheMGU-Kmustbesolelyandpermanentlymechanicallylinkedtothepowertrainbeforethemainclutch.Thismechanicallinkmustbeoffixedspeedratiototheenginecrankshaft.
TherotationalspeedoftheMGU-Kmaynotexceed50,000rpm.
TheweightoftheMGU-K(asdefinedinline11ofAppendix2totheseregulations)maynotbelessthan7kg.
ThemaximumtorqueoftheMGU-Kmaynotexceed200Nm.ThetorquewillbereferencedtothecrankshaftspeedandthefixedefficiencycorrectiondefinedinArticle5.2.2willbeusedtomonitorthemaximumMGU-Ktorque.
ThelaminatethicknessoftheMGU-Kmaynotbelessthan0.05mm.
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5.2.4 TheMGU-Hmustbesolelymechanicallylinkedtothepressurechargingsystem.Thismechanicallinkmustbeoffixedspeedratiototheexhaustturbineandmaybeclutched.
TherotationalspeedoftheMGU-Hmaynotexceed125,000rpm.
TheweightoftheMGU-H(asdefinedinline13ofAppendix2totheseregulations)maynotbelessthan4kg.
5.2.5 CarsmustbefittedwithhomologatedsensorswhichprovideallnecessarysignalstotheFIAdataloggerinordertoverifytherequirementsabovearebeingrespected.
5.3 Powerunitdimensions:
5.3.1 Cylinderborediametermustbe80mm(+/-0.1mm).
5.3.2 Thecrankshaftcentrelinemustlieonthecarcentrelineand90mm(+/-0.5mm)abovethereferenceplane.Thepowerunitmayonlytransmittorquetothegearboxbymeansofasingleoutputshaftthatmustbeco-axialwiththecrankshaft.Theoutputshaftmustrotateclockwisewhenviewedfromthefrontofthecar.
5.3.3 Valvestemdiametermustnotbelessthan4.95mm.
5.3.4 Thecrankshaftmainbearingjournaldiameter(measuredonthecrankshaft)mustnotbelessthan43.95mm.
5.3.5 Thecrankshaftcrankpinbearingjournaldiameter(measuredonthecrankshaft)mustnotbelessthan37.95mm.
5.3.6 Nocylinderoftheenginemayhaveageometriccompressionratiohigherthan18.0.
5.3.7 AllelementsofthepowerunitspecifiedintherelevantcolumnofthetableinAppendix2oftheseregulationsmustbeinstalledintheunionofthevolumesthatexistbetweentwoverticalplanesnormaltothecarcentrelineseparatedby700mmandinabox150mmlong,250mmwideand800mmhighwhichliessymmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelineimmediatelyaheadofthefrontverticalplane.
5.3.8 PowerunitmountingsmayonlycomprisesixM12studsforconnectiontothesurvivalcellandsixM12studsforconnectiontothetransmission.Allstudsmustbeusedandmaybefittedonthesurvivalcell,powerunitortransmission.TheinstalledendofthestudsmustbeM12andthefreeendmaybeadifferentdiameter.
ThemountingfacesofthestudsforconnectiontothesurvivalcellmustlieontheforwardofthetwoplanesdescribedinArticle5.3.7andbelocatedatY215/Z15(2),Y340/Z260(2)andY175/Z420(2).
ThemountingfacesofthestudsforconnectiontothetransmissionmustlieononeverticalplanenormaltothecarcentrelineandbelocatedatY100/Z15(2),Y150/Z140(2)andY255/Z345(2).
Atoleranceof+/-0.2mmwillbepermittedonalloftheabovedimensions,alldimensionsrefertothecentreofthestuds.
Thedistancebetweenthetwoplanesisfixedat480mm(+/-0.2mm).
Anypartwhichprovidesanadditionalloadpathfromthesurvivalcelltothegearbox,withaconnectiontothepowerunit,mayonlydosoifthisisincidentaltoitsprincipalpurpose.
5.4 Weightandcentreofgravity:
5.4.1 Theoverallweightofthepowerunitmustbeaminimumof145kg.
5.4.2 Thecentreofgravityofthepowerunitmaynotlielessthan200mmabovethereferenceplane.
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5.4.3 ThetotalweightofthepartoftheESthatstoresenergy,i.e.thecells(includinganyclampingplates)andelectricalconnectionsbetweencells,mustbenolessthan20kgandmustnotexceed25kg.
5.4.4 Theweightofapiston(withpiston-pin,piston-pinretainersandpistonrings)maynotbelessthan300g.
5.4.5 Theweightofaconnectingrod(withfasteners,smallandbigendbearings)maynotbelessthan300g.
5.4.6 Theweightofthecompletecrankshaftassemblybetweenthemidpositionsofthefrontandrearmainbearingjournals(includingbalancemasses,bolts,bungs,O-ringsbetweentheboundaries),maynotbelessthan5300g.Seedrawing8.
5.4.7 WhenestablishingconformitywithArticles5.4.1,5.4.2andAppendix4oftheF1SportingRegulations,thehomologatedpowerunitperimeterwillbedefinedinaccordancewiththetableshowninAppendix2oftheseregulations.
5.5 Powerunittorquedemand:
5.5.1 Theonlymeansbywhichthedrivermaycontrolaccelerationtorquetothedrivenwheelsisviaasinglechassismountedfoot(accelerator)pedal.
5.5.2 Designswhichallowspecificpointsalongtheacceleratorpedaltravelrangetobeidentifiedbythedriverorassisthimtoholdapositionarenotpermitted.
5.5.3 Atanygivenenginespeedthedrivertorquedemandmapmustbemonotonicallyincreasingforanincreaseinacceleratorpedalposition.
5.5.4 Atanygivenacceleratorpedalpositionandabove4,000rpm,thedrivertorquedemandmapmustnothaveagradientoflessthan–(minus)0.045Nm/rpm.
5.6 Powerunitcontrol:
5.6.1 Themaximumdelayallowed,computedfromtherespectivesignalsasrecordedbytheADRorECU,betweentheacceleratorpedalpositioninputsignalandthecorrespondingoutputdemandsbeingachievedis50ms.
5.6.2 TeamsmayberequiredtodemonstratetheaccuracyofthepowerunitconfigurationsusedbytheECU.
5.6.3 Powerunitcontrolmustnotbeinfluencedbyclutchposition,movementoroperation.
5.6.4 Theidlespeedcontroltargetmaynotexceed4,000rpm.
5.6.5 AnumberofpowerunitprotectionsareavailableintheECU.
Aminimumofninesecondsholdtimeshouldbeconfiguredforthepowerunitprotectionsenabledduringqualifyingandrace.Theconfigurationoftheairtrayfiredetectionandthrottlefailsafeareexceptionallyunrestrictedinordertoalloweachteamtoachievethebestlevelofsafety.
5.6.6 ThepowerunitmustachievethetorquedemandedbytheFIAstandardsoftware.
5.6.7 Homologatedsensorsmustbefittedwhichmeasurethetorquegeneratedatthepowerunitoutputshaftandthetorquessuppliedtoeachdriveshaft.ThesesignalsmustbeprovidedtotheECU.
5.7 Enginehighrevlimits:
Enginehighrevlimitsmayvaryfordifferingconditionsprovidedallarecontainedwithinabandof750rpm.However,alowerrevlimitmaybeusedwhen:
a) Thegearboxisinneutral.
b) Stallpreventionisactive.
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c) Thedriverclutchrequestisgreaterthan95%ofthetotalavailabletravelofthedriverclutchactuationdevice,usedonlytoprotecttheenginefollowingadrivererror.
d) Anengineprotectionisactive.
e) Thebitepointfinderstrategyisactive.
f) Thesafetycarisdeployedorduringtheformationlap.
Exceptfortheaboveconditions,powerunitactuatorsmaynotbeusedtoartificiallycontrolthepowerunitspeedoralterthepowerunitresponseinarevrangemorethan750rpmbelowthefinalrevlimit.
5.8 Exhaustsystems:
5.8.1 Withtheexceptionofincidentalleakagethroughjoints(eitherintooroutofthesystem),all(andonly)thefluidsenteringthecompressorinletandthefuelinjectorsmustexitfromtheengineexhaustsystem.
5.8.2 Engineexhaustsystemsmusthaveonlyasingleturbinetailpipeexitandeitheroneortwowastegatetailpipeexitswhichmustallberearwardfacingandthroughwhichallexhaustgasesmustpass.Allandonlytheturbineexitexhaustgasesmustpassthroughtheturbinetailpipeandallandonlythewastegateexhaustgasesmustpassthroughthewastegatetailpipe(s).Noneofthetailpipesmaybecontainedwithinanyoftheothertailpipes.
5.8.3 Thecross-sectionalareaoftheturbinetailpipeexitattherearmostpointoftheturbinetailpipemustliebetween7500mm2and14000mm2,andthetotalcross-sectionalareaofthewastegatetailpipeexit(s)attherearmostpointofthewastegatetailpipe(s)mustliebetween1590mm2and2375mm2.Iftherearetwowastegatetailpipeexitstheymustbeequalinarea.
5.8.4 Thelast150mmofeachtailpipemustinitsentirety:
a) Formathin-walledunobstructedrightcircularcylinderwithitsaxis+/-5°tothecarcentrelinewhenviewedfromabovethecarandbetween0°and5°(tailup)tothereferenceplanewhenviewedfromthesideofthecar.Theentirecircumferenceofeachexitshouldlieonasingleplanenormaltothetailpipeaxisandbelocatedattherearmostextremityofthelast150mmofthetailpipe.
b) Belocatedbetween350mmand550mmabovethereferenceplane.
c) Belocatednomorethan100mmfromthecarcentreline.
d) Bepositionedinorderthattheentirecircumferenceoftheexitofthetailpipeliesbetweentwoverticalplanesnormaltothecarcentrelineandwhichliebetween170mmand185mmrearwardoftherearwheelcentreline.
5.8.5 Theremustbenobodyworklyingwithintherightcircularcylinderswhich:
a) Sharesacommonaxiswiththatofthelast150mmofeachtailpipe.
b) Haveadiameter5mmgreaterthaneachtailpipe,startingattheexitofeachtailpipeandextendingrearwardsasfarasapoint600mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.
c) Haveadiameter30mmgreaterthaneachtailpipe,starting2mmrearwardsoftheexitofeachtailpipeandextendingrearwardsasfarasapoint600mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.
5.9 Variablegeometrysystems:
5.9.1 Withtheexceptionofdevicesneededforcontrolofpressurechargingsystems,variablegeometryexhaustsystemsarenotpermitted.Noformofvariablegeometryturbine(VGT)orvariablenozzleturbine(VNT)oranydevicetoadjustthegasthroatsectionattheinlettotheturbinewheelispermitted.
5.9.2 Variablevalvetimingandvariablevalveliftprofilesystemsarenotpermitted.
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5.10 Fuelsystems:
5.10.1 Thepressureofthefuelsuppliedtotheinjectorsmaynotexceed500bar.OnlyapprovedpartsmaybeusedandthelistofpartsapprovedbytheFIA,andtheapprovalprocedure,maybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
5.10.2 Theremayonlybeonedirectinjectorpercylinderandnoinjectorsarepermittedupstreamoftheintakevalvesordownstreamoftheexhaustvalves.OnlyapprovedpartsmaybeusedandthelistofpartsapprovedbytheFIA,andtheapprovalprocedure,maybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
5.10.3 Allcarsmustbefittedwithasinglefuelflowsensor,whollywithinthefueltank,whichhasbeenmanufacturedbytheFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIA.ThissensormayonlybeusedasspecifiedbytheFIA.
5.10.4 Homologatedsensorswhichdirectlymeasurethepressureandtemperatureofthefuelsuppliedtotheinjectorsmustalsobefitted,thesesignalsmustbesuppliedtotheFIAdatalogger.
5.10.5 Anydevice,systemorprocedurethepurposeand/oreffectofwhichistoincreasetheflowrateafterthemeasurementpointisprohibited.
5.11 Ignitionsystems:
5.11.1 Ignitionisonlypermittedbymeansofasingleignitioncoilandsinglesparkplugpercylinder.Nomorethanfivesparkspercylinderperenginecyclearepermitted.
Theuseofplasma,laserorotherhighfrequencyignitiontechniquesisforbidden.
OnlyapprovedignitioncoilsmaybeusedandthelistofpartsapprovedbytheFIA,andtheapprovalprocedure,maybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
5.11.2 Onlyconventionalsparkplugsthatfunctionbyhightensionelectricaldischargeacrossanexposedgaparepermitted.
SparkplugsarenotsubjecttothematerialsrestrictionsdescribedinArticles5.16and5.17.
5.12 EnergyRecoverySystem(ERS):
5.12.1 ThesystemwillbeconsideredshutdownwhennohighvoltagecanbepresentonanyexternaloraccessiblepartoftheERS.
Theshutdownprocessmusttakenolongerthantwosecondsfromactivation.
ItmustbepossibletoshutdowntheERSviathefollowingmeans:
a) TheswitchrequiredbyArticle14.2.1.
b) TheswitchesrequiredbyArticle14.2.2.
c) TheswitchorbuttonrequiredbyArticle9.4.
5.12.2 TheERSmustshutdownwhentheECUrequiredbyArticle8.2initiatesananti-stallengineshutoff.
5.12.3 AllcarsmustbefittedwithtwoERSstatuslightswhich:
a) HavebeensuppliedbyanFIAdesignatedmanufacturerandfittedtothecarinaccordancewiththeinstructionsintheAppendixtotheseregulations.
b) AreinworkingorderthroughouttheEventevenifthemainhydraulic,pneumaticorelectricalsystemsonthecarhavefailed.
c) Remainpoweredforatleast15minutesifthecarcomestorestwithitsenginestopped.
d) Aremarkedwitha“HIGHVOLTAGE”symbolaccordingtoISO3864ofatleast30mmalongthetrianglesideandnomorethan50mmawayfromthelights.
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5.12.4 AllcarsmustprovidesignalsregardingthecaroperatingandinsulationstatestotheADRinordertofacilitatecontroloftheERSstatuslights.
5.12.5 Themaximumpeakvoltageonthecarmustneverexceed1000V.
5.13 Engineancillaries:
Allcoolantpumps,oilpumps,scavengepumps,oil/airseparators,hydraulicpumpsandfuelpumpsdeliveringmorethan10barmustbemechanicallydrivendirectlyfromtheengineand/orMGU-Kwithafixedspeedratio.
5.14 Engineintakeair:
5.14.1 Withtheexceptionofincidentalleakagethroughjointsorcoolingductsintheinletsystem(eitherintooroutofthesystem),allairenteringtheenginemustenterthebodyworkthroughamaximumoftwoinletswhicharelocated:
a) Betweenthefrontofthecockpitentrytemplateandapoint500mmforwardoftherearwheelcentrelinelongitudinally.
b) Nolessthan200mmabovethereferenceplanevertically.
c) Onverticalcross-sectionsnormaltothecarcentreline.
Furthermore,anysuchinletsmustbevisibleintheirentiretywhenviewedfromthefrontofthecarandwithoutthedriverseatedinthecar.
5.14.2 Otherthanenginesumpbreathergases,exhaustgasrecirculation,andfuelforthenormalpurposeofcombustionintheengine,thesprayingofanysubstanceintotheengineintakeairisforbidden.
5.15 MaterialsandConstruction–Definitions:
5.15.1 XBasedAlloy(e.g.Nibasedalloy)–Xmustbethemostabundantelementinthealloyona%w/wbasis.TheminimumpossibleweightpercentoftheelementXmustalwaysbegreaterthanthemaximumpossibleofeachoftheotherindividualelementspresentinthealloy.
5.15.2 X-YBasedAlloy(e.g.Al-Cubasedalloy)–XmustbethemostabundantelementasinArticle5.15.1above.InadditionelementYmustbethesecondhighestconstituent(%w/w),afterXinthealloy.ThemeancontentofYandallotheralloyingelementsmustbeusedtodeterminethesecondhighestalloyingelement(Y).
5.15.3 IntermetallicMaterials(e.g.TiAl,NiAl,FeAl,Cu3Au,NiCo)–Thesearematerialswherethematerialisbaseduponintermetallicphases,i.e.thematrixofthematerialconsistsofgreaterthan50%v/vintermetallicphase(s).Anintermetallicphaseisasolidsolutionbetweentwoormoremetalsexhibitingeitherpartlyionicorcovalent,ormetallicbondingwithalongrangeorder,inanarrowrangeofcompositionaroundthestoichiometricproportion.
5.15.4 CompositeMaterials–Thesearematerialswhereamatrixmaterialisreinforcedbyeitheracontinuousordiscontinuousphase.Thematrixcanbemetallic,ceramic,polymericorglassbased.Thereinforcementcanbepresentaslongfibres(fibrelengthgreaterthan13mm)orshortfibres,whiskersandparticles(discontinuousreinforcement).Nanoscalereinforcedmaterialsaretobeconsideredascomposites.(areinforcementisconsideredtobenanoscaleifanydimensionofthereinforcementislessthan100nm.)
5.15.5 MetalMatrixComposites(MMC’s)–Thesearecompositematerialswithametallicmatrixcontainingaphaseofgreaterthan2%v/vwhichisnotsolubleintheliquidphaseofthemetallicmatrix.
5.15.6 CeramicMaterials(e.g.Al2O3,SiC,B4C,Ti5Si3,SiO2,Si3N4)–Theseareinorganic,non-metallicsolids.
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5.16 Materialsandconstruction–General:
5.16.1 Unlessexplicitlypermittedforaspecificapplication,thefollowingmaterialsmaynotbeusedanywhereonthepowerunit:
a) Magnesiumbasedalloys.
b) MetalMatrixComposites(MMC’s).
c) Intermetallicmaterials.
d) Alloyscontainingmorethan5%byweightofPlatinum,Ruthenium,IridiumorRhenium.
e) Copperbasedalloyscontainingmorethan2.75%Beryllium.
f) Anyotheralloyclasscontainingmorethan0.25%Beryllium.
g) Tungstenbasealloys.
h) Ceramicsandceramicmatrixcomposites.
5.16.2 TherestrictionsinArticle5.16.1donotapplytocoatingsprovidedthetotalcoatingthicknessdoesnotexceed25%ofthesectionthicknessoftheunderlyingbasematerialinallaxes.Inallcases,otherthanunderArticle5.16.3(b),therelevantcoatingmustnotexceed0.8mm.
WherethecoatingisbasedonGold,Platinum,Ruthenium,IridiumorRhenium,thecoatingthicknessmustnotexceed0.035mm.
5.16.3 TherestrictionsinArticle5.16.1(h)donotapplytothefollowingapplications:
a) Anycomponentwhoseprimarypurposeisforelectricalorthermalinsulation.
b) Anycoatingwhoseprimarypurposeisforthermalinsulationoftheoutsideoftheexhaustsystem.
5.16.4 Magnesiumbasedalloys,wherepermitted,mustbeavailableonanon-exclusivebasisandundernormalcommercialtermstoallcompetitors.OnlythosealloyscoveredbyISO16220orISO3116andapprovedbytheFIAmaybeused.
5.17 Materialsandconstruction–Components:
5.17.1 PistonsmustrespectArticle5.16.Titaniumalloysarenotpermitted.
5.17.2 Pistonpinsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloyandmustbemachinedfromasinglepieceofmaterial.
5.17.3 Connectingrodsmustbemanufacturedfromironortitaniumbasedalloysandmustbemachinedfromasinglepieceofmaterialwithnoweldedorjoinedassemblies(otherthanaboltedbigendcaporaninterferedsmallendbush).
5.17.4 Crankshaftsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloy.
Noweldingispermittedbetweenthefrontandrearmainbearingjournals.
Nomaterialwithadensityexceeding18,400kg/m3maybeassembledtothecrankshaft.
ThesepartsassembledtothecrankshaftmaybemanufacturedinaTungstenbasedmaterial.
5.17.5 Camshaftsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloy.
Eachcamshaftandlobesmustbemachinedfromasinglepieceofmaterial.
Noweldingisallowedbetweenthefrontandrearbearingjournals.
5.17.6 ValvesmustbemanufacturedfromintermetallicmaterialsorfromalloysbasedonIron,Nickel,CobaltorTitanium.Hollowstems(e.g.sodium,orsimilar,filledforcooling)arepermitted.
Inaddition,therestrictionsdetailedinArticles5.16.2and15.1.2donotapplytovalves.
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5.17.7 Reciprocatingandrotatingcomponents:
a) Reciprocatingandrotatingcomponentsmustnotbemanufacturedfromgraphiticmatrix,metalmatrixcompositesorceramicmaterials,thisrestrictiondoesnotapplytotheclutchandanyseals.
b) Rollingelementsofrollingelementbearingsmustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloyorfromaceramicmaterial.
c) Alltiminggearsbetweenthecrankshaftandcamshafts(includinghubs)mustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloy.
d) Highpressurefuelpumpselementsmaybemanufacturedfromaceramicmaterial.
e) TorsionaldamperelementsmaybemanufacturedinaTungstenbasedmaterial.
5.17.8 Staticcomponents:
a) Otherthaninsertswithinthem,enginecrankcasesincludingsump,cylinderheadsandcylinderheadcamcoversmustbemanufacturedfromcastorwroughtaluminiumorironalloys.
Nocompositematerialsormetalmatrixcompositesarepermittedeitherforthewholecomponentorlocally.
b) Otherthanpartslistedina)above,magnesiumbasedalloysarepermittedforstaticpartswhichmaynotbechangedwithoutincurringapenaltyunderArticle5.22.
c) Anymetallicstructurewhoseprimaryorsecondaryfunctionistoretainlubricantorcoolantwithintheenginemustbemanufacturedfromanironbasedalloy,analuminiumalloyoramagnesiumbasedalloyifpermittedbyArticle5.17.8(b).
d) Allthreadedfasteners,otherthanthetwoexceptionsbelow,mustbemanufacturedfromanalloybasedonCobalt,IronorNickel.Theexceptionsare:
i) Fastenerswhoseprimaryfunctionrequiresthemtobeanelectricalinsulatormaybemanufacturedfromceramicorpolymericmaterials.
ii) Fastenersthatareusedinelectroniccontrolunitsmaybemanufacturedfromaluminiumorcopperbasedalloysorpolymeric(plastic)materials.
Compositematerialsarenotpermitted.
e) Valveseatinserts,valveguidesandanyotherbearingcomponentmaybemanufacturedfrommetallicinfiltratedpre-formswithotherphaseswhicharenotusedforreinforcement.
f) BallastmaybemanufacturedinaTungstenbasedmaterial.
5.18 Materialsandconstruction–Pressurechargingandexhaustsystems:
5.18.1 Allcomponentsofthepowerunitexhaustsystem,(fromtheengineexhaustflangeuptoandincludingturbinehousingorwaste-gateexithousing)thatareincontactwiththemainexhaustgasflowmustbemanufacturedfromaCobalt,IronorNickelbasedalloy.Anygasketsorsealsareexcludedfromthisrestriction.
5.18.2 Anyrotatingandreciprocatingcomponentinthecompressor(fromcompressorinlettocompressoroutlet)mustbemanufacturedfromanaluminium,titaniumorironbasedalloy.
5.18.3 Staticcomponentsthatareneitherintheexhaustsystemnorinthecompressorlinemustbemanufacturedfromironbasedalloys,aluminiumalloysortitaniumalloys.
5.18.4 Thecompressorhousing(fromcompressorinlettocompressoroutlet)mustbemanufacturedfromaluminiumormagnesiumbasedalloys.
5.18.5 Measuresmustbetakentoensurethatintheeventoffailureoftheturbinewheelanyresultingsignificantdebrisiscontainedwithinthecar.
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5.19 Materialsandconstruction–Energyrecovery,storagesystemsandelectronicsystems:
5.19.1 Allmetalliccasingsfortheenergyrecoveryandstoragesystemsmustbemanufacturediniron,aluminiumortitaniumbasedalloysandmustcomplywithallaspectsofArticle5.16exceptforpowerelectroniccoolingbaseplatewheremetalmatrixcompositemaybeused.
5.19.2 Allmetalliccasingsforelectronicsystems,withtheexceptionofmetalliccasingsfortheenergyrecoveryandstoragesystems,mustbemanufacturediniron,aluminium,titaniumormagnesiumbasedalloys.
5.19.3 EnergystoragedevicesarenotsubjecttoArticles5.16.1a),b),c)andh)norto5.16.2.
5.19.4 PermanentmagnetsinelectricalmachinesarenotsubjecttoArticles5.16.1a),b),c)orh)nortoArticle5.16.2.
5.19.5 Electroniccomponentscontainedinsideelectronicunitsarenotsubjecttoanymaterialrestriction.
5.20 Startingtheengine:
Asupplementarydevicetemporarilyconnectedtothecarmaybeusedtostarttheengineintheteam’sdesignatedgaragearea,inthepitlaneandonthegrid.
5.21 Stallpreventionsystems:
Ifacarisequippedwithastallpreventionsystem,andinordertoavoidthepossibilityofacarinvolvedinanaccidentbeingleftwiththeenginerunning,allsuchsystemsmustbeconfiguredtostoptheenginenomorethantensecondsafteractivation.
Thesolepurposeofsuchsystemsistopreventtheenginestallingwhenadriverlosescontrolofthecar.Ifthecarisinsecondgearorabovewhenthesystemisactivatedmultiplegearchangesmaybemadetoeitherfirstgearorneutral,underallothercircumstancestheclutchalonemaybeactivated.
Eachtimesuchasystemisactivatedtheclutchmustbefullydisengagedandmustremainsountilthedriverde-activatesthesystembymanuallyoperatingtheclutchwitharequestgreaterthan95%ofthetotalavailabletravelofthedriversclutchactuationdevice.
5.22 Replacingpowerunitparts:
RefertothetableinAppendix2oftheseregulations.
Thepartslistedas“EXC”inthetablereferredtoabovemaybechangedwithoutincurringapenaltyunderArticle23.3oftheF1SportingRegulations.IfchanginganyofthesepartsinvolvesbreakingasealthismaybedonebutmustbecarriedoutunderFIAsupervision.AnypartschangedmayonlybereplacedbypartshomologatedinaccordancewithAppendix4oftheF1SportingRegulations.
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ARTICLE6:FUELSYSTEM
6.1 Fueltanks:
6.1.1 ThefueltankmustbeasinglerubberbladderconformingtoorexceedingthespecificationsofFIAStandardFT5-1999,thefittingoffoamwithinthetankhoweverisnotmandatory.AlistofapprovedmaterialsmaybefoundinTechnicalListNo.1(FueltankmaterialshomologatedonthebasisofFT3-1999,FT3.5-1999andFT5-1999)ontheFIAwebsite.
6.1.2 Whenviewedinlateralprojection,allthefuelstoredonboardthecarmustbesituatedbetweentheforward-mostofthetwoverticalplanesreferredtoinArticle5.3.7andthelinea-b-cinDrawing2.
Furthermore,nofuelcanbestoredmorethan300mmforwardofpointc)inDrawing2.However,amaximumof2litresoffuelmaybekeptoutsidethesurvivalcell,butonlythatwhichisnecessaryforthenormalrunningoftheengine.
6.1.3 Fuelmustnotbestoredmorethan400mmfromthelongitudinalaxisofthecar.
6.1.4 Norubberbladdersshallbeusedmorethan5yearsafterthedateofmanufacture.
6.2 Fittingsandpiping:
6.2.1 Allaperturesinthefueltankmustbeclosedbyhatchesorfittingswhicharesecuredtometallicorcompositeboltringsbondedtotheinsideofthebladder.Thetotalareaofanysuchhatchesorfittingswhichareincontactwiththefuelmaynotexceed30000mm².
Boltholeedgesmustbenolessthan5mmfromtheedgeoftheboltring,hatchorfitting.
6.2.2 Allfuellinesbetweenthefueltankandtheenginemusthaveaselfsealingbreakawayvalve.Thisvalvemustseparateatlessthan50%oftheloadrequiredtobreakthefuellinefittingortopullitoutofthefueltank.
6.2.3 Nolinescontainingfuelmaypassthroughthecockpit.
6.2.4 Alllinesmustbefittedinsuchawaythatanyleakagecannotresultintheaccumulationoffuelinthecockpit.
6.2.5 Allcomponentscontainingfuelatapressuregreaterthan10barmustbelocatedoutsidethefueltank.
6.3 Crushablestructure:
The fuel tankmust be completely surroundedby a crushable structure,which is an integralpart of the survival cell and must be able to withstand the loads required by the tests inArticles18.2.1and18.3.
6.4 Fueltankfillers:
Fueltankfillersmustnotprotrudebeyondthebodywork.Anybreatherpipeconnectingthefueltanktotheatmospheremustbedesignedtoavoidliquidleakagewhenthecarisrunninganditsoutletmustnotbelessthan250mmfromthecockpitopening.
Allfueltankfillersandbreathersmustbedesignedtoensureanefficientlockingactionwhichreducestheriskofanaccidentalopeningfollowingacrashimpactorincompletelockingafterrefuelling.
6.5 Refuelling:
6.5.1 Acovermustbefittedoveranyrefuellingconnectoratalltimeswhenthecarisrunningonthetrack.Thecoveranditsattachmentsmustbesufficientlystrongtoavoidaccidentalopeningintheeventofanaccident.
6.5.2 Nofuelintendedforimmediateuseinacarmaybemorethantendegreescentigradebelowambienttemperature.Whenassessingcompliance,theambienttemperaturewillbethatrecordedbytheFIAappointedweatherserviceprovideronehourbeforeanypracticesessionortwohoursbeforetherace.Thisinformationwillalsobedisplayedonthetimingmonitors.
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ThetemperatureoffuelintendedforuseinacarmustbemeasuredviaanFIAapprovedandsealedsensor.
6.5.3 Theuseofanydeviceonboardthecartodecreasethetemperatureofthefuelisforbidden.
6.6 Fueldrainingandsampling:
6.6.1 Competitorsmustprovideameansofremovingallfuelfromthecar.
6.6.2 Competitorsmustensurethata1.0litresampleoffuelmaybetakenfromthecaratanytimeduringtheEvent.
Afterapracticesession,ifacarhasnotbeendrivenbacktothepitsunderitsownpower,itwillberequiredtosupplytheabovementionedsampleplustheamountoffuelthatwouldhavebeenconsumedtodrivebacktothepits.TheadditionalamountoffuelwillbedeterminedbytheFIA.
6.6.3 Allcarsmustbefittedwitha–2'Symetrics'malefittinginordertofacilitatefuelsampling.Ifanelectricpumponboardthecarcannotbeusedtoremovethefuelanexternallyconnectedonemaybeusedprovideditisevidentthatarepresentativefuelsampleisbeingtaken.IfanexternalpumpisuseditmustbepossibletoconnecttheFIAsamplinghosetoitandanyhosebetweenthecarandpumpmustbe-3indiameterandnotexceed2minlength.DetailsofthefuelsamplinghosemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
6.6.4 Thesamplingproceduremustnotnecessitatestartingtheengineortheremovalofbodywork(otherthanthenoseboxassemblyandthecoveroveranyrefuellingconnector).
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ARTICLE7:OILANDCOOLANTSYSTEMSANDCHARGEAIRCOOLING
7.1 Locationofoiltanks:
Alloilstoragetanksmustbesituatedbetweenthefrontwheelaxisandtherearmostgearboxcasinglongitudinally,andmustbenofurtherthanthelateralextremitiesofthesurvivalcellarefromthelongitudinalaxisofthecar.
7.2 Longitudinallocationofoilsystem:
Nootherpartofthecarcontainingoilmaybesituatedbehindthecompleterearwheels.
7.3 Catchtank:
Inordertoavoidthepossibilityofoilbeingdepositedonthetrack,theenginesumpbreathermustventintothemainengineairintakesystem.
7.4 Transversallocationofoilsystem:
Nopartofthecarcontainingoilmaybemorethan700mmfromthecarcentreline.
7.5 Coolantheadertanks:
AnyheadertankusedonthecarwithawaterbasedcoolantmustbefittedwithanFIAapprovedpressurereliefvalvewhichissettoamaximumof3.75bargaugepressure,detailsofthereliefvalvemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.Ifthecarisnotfittedwithaheadertank,analternativepositionmustbeapprovedbytheFIA.
7.6 Coolingsystems:
Thecoolingsystemsofthepowerunit,includingthatofthechargeair,mustnotintentionallymakeuseofthelatentheatofvaporisationofanyfluidwiththeexceptionoffuelforthenormalpurposeofcombustionintheengineasdescribedinArticle5.14.
7.7 Oilandcoolantlines:
7.7.1 Nolinescontainingcoolantorlubricatingoilmaypassthroughthecockpit.
7.7.2 Alllinesmustbefittedinsuchawaythatanyleakagecannotresultintheaccumulationoffluidinthecockpit.
7.7.3 Nohydraulicfluidlinesmayhaveremovableconnectorsinsidethecockpit.
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ARTICLE8:ELECTRICALSYSTEMS
8.1 Softwareandelectronicsinspection:
8.1.1 PriortothestartofeachseasonthecompleteelectricalsystemonthecarmustbeexaminedandallonboardandcommunicationssoftwaremustbeinspectedbytheFIATechnicalDepartment.
TheFIAmustbenotifiedofanychangespriortotheEventatwhichsuchchangesareintendedtobeimplemented.
8.1.2 Allre-programmablemicroprocessorsmusthaveamechanismthatallowstheFIAtoaccuratelyidentifythesoftwareversionloaded.
AcceptablesolutionstoverifytheprogrammedsoftwaremaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
8.1.3 Allelectronicunitscontainingaprogrammabledevice,andwhichareintendedforuseatanEvent,mustbepresentedtotheFIAbeforeeachEventinorderthattheycanbeidentified.
8.1.4 Allon-carsoftwareversionsmustberegisteredwiththeFIAbeforeuse.
8.1.5 TheFIAmustbeabletotesttheoperationofanycompulsoryelectronicsafetysystemsatanytimeduringanEvent.
8.2 Controlelectronics:
8.2.1 Allcomponentsofthepowerunit,gearbox,clutchanddifferential,inadditiontoallassociatedactuators,mustbecontrolledbyanElectronicControlUnit(ECU)whichhasbeenmanufacturedbyanFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIA.
TheECUmayonlybeusedwithFIAapprovedsoftwareandmayonlybeconnectedtothecontrolsystemwiringloom,sensorsandactuatorsinamannerspecifiedbytheFIA.
AdditionalinformationregardingtheECUsoftwareversionsandsetupmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
8.2.2 Allcontrolsensors,actuatorsandFIAmonitoringsensorswillbespecifiedandhomologatedbytheFIA.DetailsofthehomologationprocessmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
Eachandeverycomponentofthecontrolsystemwillbesealedanduniquelyidentifiedandtheiridentitiestrackedthroughtheirlifecycle.
Thesecomponentsandunitsmaynotbedisassembledormodifiedinanywayandsealsandidentifiersmustremainintactandlegible.
8.2.3 ThecontrolsystemwiringloomconnectivitymustbeapprovedbytheFIA.
AllwiringloomsmustbebuilttoensurethateachcontrolsensorandeachcontrolactuatorconnectedtotheECUiselectricallyisolatedfromlogging-onlysensorsconnectedtoeithertheECUorateamdataacquisitionunit.
Ingeneral,theremustbenoactiveorpassiveelectroniccomponentinthecontrolloom.Exceptions(e.g.terminationresistors)mustbeapprovedbytheFIAbeforeuse.
AdditionalwiringguidelinesmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
8.2.4 Ifsensorfaultsorerrorsaredetectedbythedriverorbytheon-boardsoftware,back-upsensorsmaybeusedanddifferentsettingsmaybemanuallyorautomaticallyselected.However,anyback-upsensorornewsettingchoseninthiswaymustnotenhancetheperformanceofthecar.Anydriverdefaultturnedonduringthestartlockoutperiodmaynotbeturnedoffbeforetheendofthatperiod.
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8.2.5 PneumaticvalvepressuremayonlybecontrolledviaapassivemechanicalregulatororfromtheECUanditsoperationwillbemonitoredbytheECU.
8.3 Startsystems:
8.3.1 Anysystem,thepurposeand/oreffectofwhichistodetectwhenaracestartsignalisgiven,isnotpermitted.
8.3.2 TheECUwillimplementa“lockout”periodaftereachracestartorpitstopduringwhichanumberofpowerunitandclutchrelatedfunctionswillbefrozenordisabled.DetailsofthestrategymaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
8.4 Dataacquisition:
8.4.1 Toassistscrutineering,theFIArequiresunlimitedaccesstothefollowingECUinformationbefore,duringandafteranytracksession:
a) Applicationparameterconfigurations.
b) Loggeddataandevents.
c) Real-timetelemetrydataandevents.
ThroughouttheEvent,theloggingmemoryandeventsbuffermayonlybeclearedbyanFIAengineer.
TheFIAmusthavetheabilitytoconnecttotheECUviaajumpbatteryusinganFIAlaptop.TheteamsshouldmakeajumpbatteryavailableatalltimesduringtheEvent.
Theteamsshouldtransferthereal-timetelemetrydataandeventsontheFIAnetworkasrequestedby,andintheformatdefinedby,theFIA.
Priortotherace,theECUdataloggermustbeconfiguredinsuchawaythatallowsloggingofdataforatleasttwohoursandfifteenminuteswithoutexceedingthesizeoftheloggermemory.
8.4.2 Anydataacquisitionsystem,telemetrysystemorassociatedsensorsadditionaltothoseprovidedbytheECUandADRmustbephysicallyseparateandelectricallyisolatedfromanycontrolelectronicswiththeexceptionof:
a) Theprimaryregulatedvoltagesupply.
b) Thecarsystemground.
c) CommunicationlinkstotheECU,telemetryunitandADR.
d) Powersupplies,providedtheyarenotusedtopoweranycontrolelectronics,controlsensorsoractuators.
e) Timesynchronisationlines.
f) Powerunitsynchronisationlines.
g) Anumbilicalloomwhoseconnectorwillremaindisconnectedwhenthecarismoving.
Nojunctionboxorbreak-outboxmaybesharedbetweentheECUsystemandateamdataacquisitionsystem.
Theuseofanycoupling,beithardwired,magnetic,opticalorothersuchlinkwhichallowsthetransmissionofsignalswillnotbeconsideredasadequateisolationinthecontextofthisArticle.
8.5 Telemetry:
8.5.1 AllcarsmustbefittedwithatelemetrysystemwhichhasbeenmanufacturedbytheFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIA.
8.5.2 TelemetrysystemsmustoperateatfrequencieswhichhavebeenapprovedbytheFIA.
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8.5.3 Pittocartelemetryisprohibited.
8.6 Drivercontrolsanddisplays:
8.6.1 AnyelectronicmodulesusedfordriverinformationdisplaysandswitchinputsmustbesuppliedbyanFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIAandbesuitablyhousedbyeachteam.
8.6.2 Anysinglecontroldevice,includingbutnotlimitedtoswitch,button,paddleorpedal,usedbythedrivermustbeconnectedtoasingleanalogueordigitalinputoftheECU.
Exceptionswillbeconsideredtohandlethefollowing:
a) Aspareclutchpaddlesensor.
b) Aspareacceleratorpedalsensor.
c) Aseparate"kick-down"sensorwhichindicatesthattheacceleratorpedalhasbeendeliberatelydepressedpastfulltravel.
d) Multiplexedshiftsignals.
e) Asparebrakepressureandpedalsensor.
AnyinterfacebetweensuchdriveroperateddevicesandtheECUmustbeapprovedbytheFIA.
8.6.3 Anyalterationofthedriver’scontrolsmayonlybecommandedbydirect,deliberateandprimarydriveractions.
TheloggedrawsignalsfromtheECUinputsmustprovideatruerepresentationofthedriver’sactions.
8.7 Driverradio:
OtherthanauthorisedconnectionstotheFIAECU,anyvoiceradiocommunicationsystembetweencarandpitsmustbestand-aloneandmustnottransmitorreceiveotherdata.AllsuchcommunicationsmustbeopenandaccessibletoboththeFIAandbroadcasters.
8.8 Accidentdatarecorders(ADR)andhighspeedaccidentcameras:
8.8.1 Therecordermustbefittedandoperated:
a) InaccordancewiththeinstructionsoftheFIA.
b) Symmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelineandwithitstopfacingupwards.
c) Witheachofits12edgesparalleltoanaxisofthecar.
d) Lessthan200mmabovethereferenceplane.
e) Inapositionwithinthecockpitwhichisreadilyaccessibleatalltimesfromwithinthecockpitwithouttheneedtoremoveplankorfloor.
f) Inorderthattheentireunitliesbetween30%and50%ofthewheelbaseofthecar.
g) Viaanti-vibrationmountingsgivingaclearanceof5mmtoallotherobjects.
h) Withitsconnectorsfacingforwards.
i) Inorderthatitsstatuslightisvisiblewhenthedriverisseatednormally.
j) Inorderthatthedownloadconnectoriseasilyaccessiblewhenthedriverisseatednormallyandwithouttheneedtoremovebodywork.
8.8.2 Therecordermustbeconnectedtotwoexternal500gaccelerometerswhicharesolidlyboltedtothesurvivalcell,onthecarcentreline,usingfour4mmbolts.Onemustbeasclosetothenominalcarcentreofgravityaspracticalandtheotherasfarforwardaspossibleinsidethesurvivalcell.Theforwardaccelerometermaybemountedtotheundersideofthetopsurfaceprovideditissolidlyboltedtoastructuralpartofthesurvivalcell.
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8.8.3 Therecordermustbepoweredfromanominally12Vsupplysuchthatitsinternalbatterycanberechargedatalltimeswhenthecar’selectronicsystemsarepoweredandwhenthecarsystemsareswitchedoff,butajumpbatteryorumbilicalisconnected.
8.8.4 AnADRandtwoaccelerometersmustbefittedtoeverycaratalltimesduringanEventandatalltestsattendedbymorethanoneteam.
8.8.5 DetailsoftheconnectionstotheADRmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
8.8.6 Forthepurposeofaccidentanalysis,eachcarmustbefittedwithahighspeedcamerawhichhasbeenmanufacturedbytheFIAdesignatedsuppliertoaspecificationdeterminedbytheFIA.ThisshouldbefittedtothecarduringeachEventandalltestswhichareattendedbymorethanoneteam,teamsmustusetheirbestendeavourstoensurethatitisinworkingorderatalltimes.
ThecameramustbefittedinaccordancewiththeinstructionsoftheFIA,detailsofwhichmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
8.9 Tracksignalinformationdisplay:
Allcarsmustbefittedwithred,blueandyellowcockpitlightsthepurposeofwhicharetogivedriversinformationconcerningtracksignalsorconditions.ThelightsmustbeLEDseachwithaminimumdiameterof5mmandfitteddirectlyinthedriver’snormallineofsight.
Detailsofthelightcontrolsystem,whichmustbefittedtoeverycar,maybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
8.10 Medicalwarningsystem:
InordertogiverescuecrewsanimmediateindicationofaccidentseverityeachcarmustbefittedwithawarninglightwhichisconnectedtotheFIAdatalogger.
Thelightmustfaceupwardsandberecessedintothetopofthesurvivalcellnomorethan150mmfromthecarcentrelineandthefrontofthecockpitopeningandasneartotheclutchdisengagementsystem,asdescribedinArticle9.4,asispractical.
DetailsofthelightanditscontrolsystemmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
8.11 Installationofelectricalsystemsorcomponents:
8.11.1 Exceptionally,eachcarmaybeequippedwithamaximumoffivetestsensorinstallations,whichdonotcomplywiththeTechnicalRegulations,duringP1andP2,provided:
a) TheycouldnotmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeanyoftheimpacttestsdescribedinArticles16.2,16.3and16.4.
b) TheycomplywithArticles3.2and3.6.1.
c) Theydonotreduceoraffectdrivervisibility.
d) Theydonotobstructon-boardcameraviews.
Anysuchtestsensorinstallationsdonotneedtobehomologated.
TheFIAtechnicaldelegatemustbenotifiedofanyintendedtestsensorinstallationspriortotheEventatwhichtheyarefirstused.
8.11.2 CompetitorsmustbenotifiedofanychangestotheinstallationinstructionsforanyFIAspecifiedsystemsorcomponentsbefore1Marchofthepreviousseason.
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ARTICLE9:TRANSMISSIONSYSTEM
9.1 Transmissiontypes:
Notransmissionsystemmaypermitmorethantwowheelstobedriven.
9.2 Clutchcontrol:
Thefollowingappliesonlytothemaindrivetrainclutchorclutches,anyclutchusedexclusivelyaspartofanERSisexempt.
9.2.1 Ifmultipleclutchoperatingdevicesareused,theymustallhavethesamemechanicaltravelcharacteristicsandbemappedidentically.
9.2.2 Designswhichallowspecificpointsalongthetravelrangeoftheclutchoperatingdevicetobeidentifiedbythedriverorassisthimtoholdapositionarenotpermitted.
9.2.3 Theminimumandmaximumtravelpositionsoftheclutchoperatingdevicemustcorrespondtotheclutchfullyengagednormalrestpositionandfullydisengaged(incapableoftransmittinganyuseabletorque)positionsrespectively.
9.2.4 Designsorsystemswhichinadditiontotypicalinherenthydraulicandmechanicalpropertiesaredesignedto,orhavetheeffectof,adjustingorotherwiseinfluencingtheamount,orrate,ofengagementbeingdemandedbytheFIAECU,arenotpermitted.
9.2.5 Theamountbywhichtheclutchisengagedmustbecontrolledsolelyanddirectlybythedriverwiththeexceptionof:
a) Stallprevention.
b) Gearshifts.
c) Bitepointfinderwherebrakepressure,wheelspeedanddriverclutchdemandsafeguardsareused.
d) De-clutchprotections.
e) Drivetrainprotectiononthetrackoutsideofanystartlockoutperiodorimmediatelyfollowingstallpreventionactivationonly.
f) Testsignalsenabledonlywhenthecarisconnectedtothegaragesystem.
Therelationshipbetweentheclutchoperatingdeviceinthecockpitandtheamountofclutchengagementmaybenon-linearbutmustremainfixed.
9.2.6 Whentheclutchoperatingdeviceisreleasedfromitsmaximumtravelpositionitmustreturntoitsrestingpositionwithin50ms.
Themaximumdelayallowed,computedfromtherespectivesignalsasrecordedbytheADRorECU,betweentheclutchdrivercontrolinputsignalandthecorrespondingoutputdemandbeingachievedis50ms.
9.2.7 Anydeviceorsystemwhichnotifiesthedriveroftheamountofclutchsliporengagementisnotpermitted.
9.3 Tractioncontrol:
Nocarmaybeequippedwithasystemordevicewhichiscapableofpreventingthedrivenwheelsfromspinningunderpowerorofcompensatingforexcessivetorquedemandbythedriver.
Anydeviceorsystemwhichnotifiesthedriveroftheonsetofwheelspinisnotpermitted.
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9.4 Clutchdisengagement:
Allcarsmustbefittedwithameansofdisengagingtheclutchforaminimumoffifteenminutesintheeventofthecarcomingtorestwiththeenginestopped.ThissystemmustbeinworkingorderthroughouttheEventevenifthemainhydraulic,pneumaticorelectricalsystemsonthecarhavefailed.ThissystemmustalsodisconnectanyERSsystemfittedtothecar.
Inorderthatthedriveroramarshalmayactivatethesysteminlessthanfiveseconds,theswitchorbuttonwhichoperatesitmust:
a) Faceupwardsandberecessedintothetopofthesurvivalcellnomorethan150mmfromthecarcentreline.
b) Bedesignedinorderthatamarshalisunabletoaccidentallyre-engagetheclutch.
c) Belessthan150mmfromthefrontofthecockpitopening.
d) Bemarkedwithaletter"N"inredatleast40mmtall,withalinethicknessofatleast4mm,insideawhitecircleofatleast50mmdiameterwitharededgewithalinethicknessofatleast2mm.
9.5 Gearboxes:
9.5.1 Agearboxisdefinedasallthepartsinthedrivelinewhichtransfertorquefromthepowerunitoutputshaft,asdescribedinArticle5.3.2,tothedriveshafts(thedriveshaftsbeingdefinedasthosecomponentswhichtransferdrivetorquefromthesprungmasstotheun-sprungmass).Itincludesallcomponentswhoseprimarypurposeisforthetransmissionofpowerormechanicalselectionofgears,bearingsassociatedwiththesecomponentsandthecasinginwhichtheyarehoused.
9.5.2 InthiscontextthefollowingpartsarenotconsideredpartofthegearboxandmaybechangedwithoutincurringapenaltyundertheF1SportingRegulations.IfchanginganyofthesepartsinvolvesbreakinganFIAappliedsealthismaybedonebutmustbecarriedoutunderFIAsupervision:
a) Theclutchassemblyandthepowerunitoutputshaft,providedthisislocatedpriortoanymechanicalspeedreductionfromtheengine.
b) Theclutchactuatorandclutchreleasebearing(s).
c) Inboarddriveshaftjointsandsealsbutnottheirhousingifthathousingisintegralwiththegearboxoutputshaftandthereforepartofthesprungmass.
d) Thehydraulicsystempriortothepointatwhichitproducesdirectmechanicalmovementofthegearselectionmechanismbymeansofhydraulicactuator(s).
e) Oil,oilpumps,oilfilters,oilseals,oilcoolersandanyassociatedhosesorpipes.
f) Electricalsensors,actuators,servovalvesandwiring.
g) Anypartsassociatedwiththesuspensionorfunctioningofthesprungsuspensionthatareattachedtothegearboxcasing.
h) Therearimpactstructureprovideditcanbeseparatedfromanygearboxcasing.
i) Anyothercomponentmountedtothecasingwhoseprimarypurposeisunconnectedwiththetransmissionofpowerorselectionofgears.
9.6 Gearratios:
9.6.1 Thenumberofforwardgearratiosmustbe8.
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9.6.2 Eachcompetitormustnominatetheforwardgearratios(calculatedfromenginecrankshafttodriveshafts)tobeemployedwithintheirgearbox.ThesenominationsmustbedeclaredtotheFIAtechnicaldelegateatorbeforethefirstEventoftheChampionship.For2017only,acompetitormayre-nominatetheseratios,whichmustbedeclaredasaset,oncewithintheChampionshipseason.Insuchcasestheoriginalnominationwillbecomeimmediatelyvoid,however,gearboxescurrentlyinuseandpartwaythroughtheirsixracecycle,maycontinuetobeusedwiththeoriginallynominatedgearsuntiltheendofthatcycle.
9.6.3 Noforwardgearratiopairmaybe:
a) Lessthan12mmwidewhenmeasuredacrossthegeartoothattherootdiameteroranypoint1mmaboveorbelowtherootdiameter.Abovethisareaeachsideofthegearteethmaybechamferedbyamaximumof10˚.Inaddition,achamferorradiusnotexceeding2.0mmmaybeappliedtothesidesandthetipoftheteeth.
b) Lessthan85mmbetweencentres.
c) Lessthan600ginweight(excludinganyintegralshaftorcollar).Ifanintegralshaftorcollaristobeexcludedthemassofthismaybeshownbycalculationassumingthegeartobe12mmwideandtheshaftgeometrytobethesameasthatwhereslideongearsareused.
9.6.4 Gearratiosmustbemadefromsteel.
9.6.5 ContinuouslyvariabletransmissionsystemsarenotpermittedtotransmitthepowerofthepowerunitdefinedinArticle5.1.
9.7 Reversegear:
AllcarsmustbeabletobedriveninreversebythedriveratanytimeduringtheEvent.
9.8 Gearchanging:
9.8.1 Automaticgearchangesareconsideredadriveraidandarethereforenotpermitted.
Forthepurposesofgearchanging,theclutchandpowerunittorqueneednotbeunderthecontrolofthedriver.
9.8.2 Gearchangingisrestrictedduringthefollowingperiods:
Onegearchangeispermittedaftertheracehasstartedandbeforethecarspeedhasreached80km/h,providedeverygearfittedtothecariscapableofachievingatleast80km/hat15,000rpm.
9.8.3 Theminimumpossiblegearthedriverisabletoselectmustremainfixedwhilstthecarismoving.
Eachindividualgearchangemustbeseparatelyinitiatedbythedriverand,withinthemechanicalconstraintsofthegearbox;therequestedgearmustbeengagedimmediatelyunlessover-revprotectionisusedtorejectthegearshiftrequest.Onceagearchangerequesthasbeenacceptednofurtherrequestsmaybeaccepteduntilthefirstgearchangehasbeencompleted.
MultiplegearchangesmayonlybemadeunderArticle5.22orwhenashifttogearboxneutralismadefollowingarequestfromthedriver.
Ifanover-revprotectionstrategyisusedthismayonlypreventengagementofthetargetgear,itmustnotinduceadelaygreaterthan50ms.Ifagearchangeisrefusedinthisway,engagementmayonlyfollowanewandseparaterequestmadebythedriver.
Anyde-bouncetimeusedtoconditiondrivergearchangerequestsmustbefixed.
9.8.4 Themaximumpermitteddurationfordownchangesandupchangesis300msand200msrespectively.Themaximumpermitteddelayforthelatteris80msfromthetimeofthedriverrequesttotheoriginalgearbeingdisengaged.
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Thedurationofagearchangeisdefinedasthetimefromtherequestbeingmadetothepointatwhichallgearchangeprocessesareterminated.Ifforanyreasonthegearchangecannotbecompletedinthattimethecarmustbeleftinneutralortheoriginalgear.
9.8.5 Distancechannelortrackpositionisnotconsideredanacceptableinputtogearboxcontrol.
9.9 Torquetransfersystems:
9.9.1 Anysystemordevicethedesignofwhichiscapableoftransferringordivertingtorquefromaslowertoafasterrotatingwheelisnotpermitted.
9.9.2 Anydevicewhichiscapableoftransferringtorquebetweentheprincipalaxesofrotationofthetwofrontwheelsisprohibited.
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ARTICLE10:SUSPENSIONANDSTEERINGSYSTEMS
10.1 Sprungsuspension:
10.1.1 Carsmustbefittedwithsprungsuspension.
10.1.2 Anysuspensionsystemfittedtothefrontwheelsmustbesoarrangedthatitsresponseresultsonlyfromchangesinloadappliedtothefrontwheels.
10.1.3 Anysuspensionsystemfittedtotherearwheelsmustbesoarrangedthatitsresponseresultsonlyfromchangesinloadappliedtotherearwheels.
10.2 Suspensiongeometry:
10.2.1 Withthesteeringwheelfixed,thepositionofeachwheelcentreandtheorientationofitsrotationaxismustbecompletelyanduniquelydefinedbyafunctionofitsprincipallyverticalsuspensiontravel,saveonlyfortheeffectsofreasonablecompliancewhichdoesnotintentionallyprovidefurtherdegreesoffreedom.
10.2.2 Anypowereddevicewhichiscapableofalteringtheconfigurationoraffectingtheperformanceofanypartofanysuspensionsystemisforbidden.
10.2.3 Noadjustmentmaybemadetoanysuspensionsystemwhilethecarisinmotion.
10.3 Suspensionmembers:
10.3.1 Withtheexceptionofminimallocalchangesofsectionforthepassageofhydraulicbrakelines,electricalwiringandwheeltethersortheattachmentofflexures,rodendsandsphericalbearings,thecross-sectionsofeachmemberofeverysuspensioncomponent,whentakennormaltoastraightlinebetweentheinnerandouterattachmentpoints,must:
a) Intersectthestraightlinebetweentheinnerandouterattachmentpoints,withtheexceptionoffrontsuspensionelementsforthesolepurposeofensuringminimumclearancewiththewheelrimatfullsteeringlock.
b) Haveamajoraxisnogreaterthan100mm.
c) Haveanaspectrationogreaterthan3.5:1.
d) Havenodimensionwhichexceeds100mm.
Themajoraxiswillbedefinedasthelargestaxisofsymmetryofanysuchcross-section.Thelengthoftheintersectionofthisaxiswiththecross-sectionmustnotbelessthan95%ofthemaximumdimensionofthesection.
10.3.2 Suspensionmembershavingsharedattachmentpointswillbeconsideredbyavirtualdissectionintodiscretemembers.
10.3.3 Nomajoraxisofacrosssectionofasuspensionmember,takennormaltoastraightlinebetweentheinnerandouterattachmentpoints,whenassessedinaccordancewithArticle10.3.1,maysubtendananglegreaterthan10°tothereferenceplanewiththecarsettothenominaldesignrideheight.
10.3.4 Non-structuralpartsofsuspensionmembersareconsideredbodywork.
10.3.5 Theremaybenomorethansixsuspensionmembersconnectingeachsuspensionuprighttothefullysprungpartofthecar.
Redundantsuspensionmembersarenotpermitted.
10.3.6 Inordertohelppreventawheelbecomingseparatedintheeventofallsuspensionmembersconnectingittothecarfailing,flexibletetherseachwithacrosssectionalareagreaterthan110mm²mustbefitted.Thesolepurposeofthetethersistopreventawheelbecomingseparatedfromthecar,theyshouldperformnootherfunction.
Thetethersandtheirattachmentsmustalsobedesignedinordertohelppreventawheelmakingcontactwiththedriver'sheadduringanaccident.
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EachwheelmustbefittedwithtwotetherseachofwhichcomplywithFIAstandard8864-2013andeachofwhichhasaminimumenergyabsorptionof7kJ.
Eachtethermusthaveitsownseparateattachmentsatbothendswhich:
a) Areabletowithstandatensileforceof70kNinanydirectionwithinaconeof45°(includedangle)measuredfromtheloadlineoftherelevantsuspensionmember.
b) Onthesurvivalcellorgearboxareseparatedbyatleast100mmmeasuredbetweenthecentresofthetwoattachmentpoints.
c) Oneachwheel/uprightassemblyareseparatedbyatleast90°radiallywithrespecttotheaxisofthewheeland100mmmeasuredbetweenthecentresofthetwoattachmentpoints.
d) Areabletoaccommodatetetherendfittingswithaminimuminsidediameterof15mm.
Furthermore,nosuspensionmembermaycontainmorethanonetether.
Eachtethermustexceed450mminlengthandmustutiliseendfittingswhichresultinatetherbendradiusgreaterthan7.5mm.
10.4 Steering:
10.4.1 Anysteeringsystemwhichpermitsthere-alignmentofmorethantwowheelsisnotpermitted.
10.4.2 Powerassistedsteeringsystemsmaynotbeelectronicallycontrolledorelectricallypowered.Nosuchsystemmaycarryoutanyfunctionotherthanreducethephysicaleffortrequiredtosteerthecar.
10.4.3 Nopartofthesteeringwheelorcolumn,noranypartfittedtothem,maybeclosertothedriverthanaplaneformedbytheentirerearedgeofthesteeringwheelrim.Allpartsfixedtothesteeringwheelmustbefittedinsuchawayastominimisetheriskofinjuryintheeventofadriver’sheadmakingcontactwithanypartofthewheelassembly.
10.4.4 Thesteeringwheel,steeringcolumnandsteeringrackassemblymustpassanimpacttest,detailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle16.5.
10.5 SuspensionUprights:
10.5.1 ThesuspensionuprightsmayonlybemadefromUNSA92014,UNSA92618,UNSA97075orEN/AA7022aluminiumalloys.
10.5.2 Theloadsfromthesuspensionmembersandwheelbearingsmustindividuallyandentirelybecarriedbythesuspensionupright.Exceptionallyuptothreesuspensionmembersmaybeconnectedtogetherbytitanium,aluminiumalloyorsteelcomponentsbeforetheirloadispassedintotheupright.
10.5.3 Suspensionuprightsmaynotprotrudebeyond:
a) Averticalplaneparalleltotheinnerfaceofthewheelrimanddisplacedfromitby120mmtowardthecarcentreline.
b) Aradiusof180mmfromthecentreofthewheelwhenviewedfromtheside.
Theabovemeasurementswillbemadewiththewheelheldinaverticalposition.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 60/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE11:BRAKESYSTEM
11.1 Brakecircuitsandpressuredistribution:
11.1.1 Withtheexceptionofapowerunit,allcarsmustbeequippedwithonlyonebrakesystem.Thissystemmustcomprisesolelyoftwoseparatehydrauliccircuitsoperatedbyonepedal,onecircuitoperatingonthetwofrontwheelsandtheotheronthetworearwheels.Thissystemmustbedesignedsothatifafailureoccursinonecircuitthepedalwillstilloperatethebrakesintheother.
Thediametersofthemastercylindersactingonthetworearwheelsandthetwofrontwheelsmustbewithin2mmofeachotherandhavethesameavailabletravel.Thesameprinciplemustbeappliedinmulti-stagemastercylinderdesigns.
11.1.2 Thebrakesystemmustbedesignedinorderthattheforceexertedonthebrakepadswithineachcircuitarethesameatalltimes.
11.1.3 Anypowereddevice,otherthanthesystemreferredtoinArticle11.7,whichiscapableofalteringtheconfigurationoraffectingtheperformanceofanypartofthebrakesystemisforbidden.
11.1.4 Anychangeto,ormodulationof,thebrakesystemwhilstthecarisonthetrackmustbemadebythedriver'sdirectphysicalinputorbythesystemreferredtoinArticle11.7,andmaynotbepre-set.
11.2 Brakecalipers:
11.2.1 Allbrakecalipersmustbemadefromaluminiummaterialswithamodulusofelasticitynogreaterthan80Gpa.
11.2.2 Nomorethantwoattachmentsmaybeusedtosecureeachbrakecalipertothecar.
11.2.3 Nomorethanonecaliper,withamaximumofsixpistons,ispermittedoneachwheel.
11.2.4 Thesectionofeachcaliperpistonmustbecircular.
11.3 Brakediscsandpads:
11.3.1 Nomorethanonebrakediscispermittedoneachwheelwhichmusthavethesamerotationalvelocityasthewheelitisconnectedto.
11.3.2 Alldiscsmusthaveamaximumthicknessof32mmandamaximumoutsidediameterof278mm.
11.3.3 Nomorethantwobrakepadsarepermittedoneachwheel.
11.4 Airducts:
Airductsaroundthefrontandrearbrakeswillbeconsideredpartofthebrakingsystemandshallnotprotrudebeyond:
a) Aplaneparalleltothegroundsituatedatadistanceof160mmabovethehorizontalcentrelineofthewheel.
b) Aplaneparalleltothegroundsituatedatadistanceof160mmbelowthehorizontalcentrelineofthewheel.
c) Averticalplaneparalleltotheinnerfaceofthewheelrimanddisplacedfromitby120mmtowardthecarcentreline.
Furthermore:
d) Whenviewedfromthesidetheductsmustnotprotrudeforwardsbeyondaradiusof330mmfromthecentreofthewheelorbackwardsbeyondaradiusof180mmfromthecentreofthewheel.
e) Theductsmaynotrotatewiththewheelsnormaythey,oranyoftheirmountings,protrudeaxiallybeyondtheouterfaceofthewheelfastener.
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f) Nopartofthecar,otherthanthosespecificallydefinedinArticles12.8.1and12.8.2,mayobscureanypartofthewheelwhenviewedfromtheoutsideofthecartowardsthecarcentrelinealongtheaxisofthewheel.
Allmeasurementswillbemadewiththewheelheldinaverticalposition.
11.5 Brakepressuremodulation:
11.5.1 Nobrakingsystemmaybedesignedtopreventwheelsfromlockingwhenthedriverappliespressuretothebrakepedal.
11.5.2 Nobrakingsystemmaybedesignedtoincreasethepressureinthebrakecalipersabovethatachievedbythedriverapplyingpressuretothepedalunderallconditions.
11.6 Liquidcooling:
Liquidcoolingofthebrakesisforbidden.
11.7 Rearbrakecontrolsystem:
Thepressureintherearbrakingcircuitmaybeprovidedbyapoweredcontrolsystemprovidedthat:
a) Thedriverbrakepedalisconnectedtoahydraulicmastercylinderthatgeneratesapressuresourcethatcanbeappliedtotherearbrakingcircuitifthepoweredsystemisdisabled.
b) ThepoweredsystemiscontrolledbythecontrolelectronicsdescribedinArticle8.2.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 62/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE12:WHEELSANDTYRES
12.1 Location:
Wheels must be external to the bodywork in plan view, with the rear aerodynamic deviceremoved.
12.2 Numberofwheels:
Thenumberofwheelsisfixedatfour.
12.3 Wheelmaterial:
WheelsmustbemadefromAZ70orAZ80magnesiumalloys.
12.4 Wheeldimensions:
12.4.1 Completewheelwidthmustliebetween370mmand385mmwhenfittedtothefrontofthecarandbetween455mmand470mmwhenfittedtotherear.
12.4.2 Completewheeldiametermustnotexceed670mmwhenfittedwithdry-weathertyresor680mmwhenfittedwithwetweathertyres.
12.4.3 Completewheelwidthanddiameterwillbemeasuredhorizontallyataxleheight,withthewheelheldinaverticalpositionandwhenfittedwithnewtyresinflatedto1.4bar.
12.4.4 Wheeldimensionsandgeometrymustcomplywiththefollowingspecifications:
a) Theminimumwheelthicknessis2.5mm.
b) Theminimumbeadthicknessis4.0mm(measuredfromhumptoouteredgeofthelip).
c) TheETRTOstandardbeadprofileisprescribed.
d) Thetyremountingwidthsare13.7”(348.0mm+/-0.5mm)front;16.9”(429.3mm+/-0.5mm)rear.
e) Thewheellipthicknessis9mm(+/-1mm).
f) Theouterlipdiameteris358mm(+/-1mm).
g) Aliprecessofmaximum1.0mmdepthbetweenaradiusof165mmandaradiusof173mmfromwheelaxisispermitted(forwheelbranding,logo,partnumber,etc.).
h) Withtheexceptionofthewheellip,onlyasingleturnedprofilewithamaximumthicknessof8mmisallowedradiallyoutboardoftheexclusionzonesspecifiedinArticle12.4.5.
i) Thedesignofthewheelmustmeetthegeneralrequirementsofthetyresupplierforthemountinganddismountingoftyresincludingallowanceforsensorsandvalves.
j) Thewheeldesigncannotbehandedbetweenleftandrightdesigns.
12.4.5 Nowheelmaterialispermittedinthefollowingexclusionzones:
a) Aconcentriccylinderofdiameter305mmandlength115mmpositionedwithitsinnerfacelyinginthesameplaneastheinboardfaceofthefrontwheel.
b) Aconcentriccylinderofdiameter305mmandlength25mmpositionedwithitsouterfacelyinginthesameplaneastheoutboardfaceofthefrontwheel.
c) Aconcentriccylinderofdiameter305mmandlength100mmpositionedwithitsinnerfacelyinginthesameplaneastheinboardfaceoftherearwheel.
d) Aconcentriccylinderofdiameter305mmandlength30mmpositionedwithitsouterfacelyinginthesameplaneastheoutboardfaceoftherearwheel.
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12.4.6 Whenviewedperpendiculartotheplaneformedbytheouterfaceofthewheelandbetweenthediametersof120mmand270mmthewheelmayhaveanareaofnogreaterthan24,000mm2.
12.5 Supplyoftyres:
12.5.1 Alltyresmustbeusedassuppliedbythemanufacturer,anymodificationortreatmentsuchascutting,grooving,theapplicationofsolventsorsoftenersisprohibited.Thisappliestodry,intermediateandwet-weathertyres.
12.5.2 If,intheopinionoftheappointedtyresupplierandFIAtechnicaldelegate,thenominatedtyrespecificationprovestobetechnicallyunsuitable,thestewardsmayauthorisetheuseofadditionaltyrestoadifferentspecification.
12.5.3 If,intheinterestsofmaintainingcurrentlevelsofcircuitsafety,theFIAdeemsitnecessarytoreducetyregrip,itshallintroducesuchrulesasthetyresuppliermayadviseor,intheabsenceofadvicewhichachievestheFIA'sobjectives,specifythemaximumpermissiblecontactareasforfrontandreartyres.
12.6 Specificationoftyres:
12.6.1 Tyrespecificationswillbedeterminedbythetyresupplier,inagreementwiththeFIA,nolaterthan1Septemberofthepreviousseasonfortheconstructionand1DecemberfortherangeofcompoundstobeusedduringtheChampionshipseason.Oncedeterminedinthisway,thespecificationofthetyreswillnotbechangedwithouttheagreementofatleast70%ofthecompetingteams.
Notwithstandingtheabove,theFIAmaydecidetochangethespecificationduringtheChampionshipseasonforsafetyreasonswithoutnoticeordelay.
12.7 Treatmentoftyres:
12.7.1 Tyresmayonlybeinflatedwithairornitrogen.
12.7.2 Anyprocesstheintentofwhichistoreducetheamountofmoistureinthetyreand/orinitsinflationgasisforbidden.
12.7.3 Theonlypermittedtypeoftyreheatingdevicesareblanketswhichuseresistiveheatingelements.Theheatingelementsmayonlyactupontheoutertyresurface.
12.8 Wheelassembly:
12.8.1 Theonlypartswhichmaybephysicallyattachedtothewheelinadditiontothetyrearesurfacetreatmentsforappearanceandprotection,valvesforfillinganddischargingthetyre,wheelfasteners,balanceweights,drivepegs,tyrepressureandtemperaturemonitoringdevicesandspacersontheinboardmountingfaceofidenticalspecificationonallwheelsforthesameaxle.
12.8.2 Thewheelmustbeattachedtothecarwithasinglefastener.Theouterdiameterofthefastenermustnotexceed105mmandtheaxiallengthmustnotexceed75mm.ThewheelfastenermaynotattachormountanyparttothecarexceptthewheelassemblydescribedinArticle12.8.1.
12.8.3 Acompletewheelmustcontainasinglefixedinternalgasvolume.Novalves,bleedsorpermeablemembranesarepermittedotherthantoinflateordeflatethetyrewhilstthecarisstationary.
12.8.4 Deviceswhichareusedtofitorremovewheelfastenersmayonlybepoweredbycompressedairornitrogen.
Anysensorsystemsmayonlyactpassively.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 64/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE13:COCKPIT
13.1 Cockpitopening:
13.1.1 Inordertoensurethattheopeninggivingaccesstothecockpitisofadequatesize,thetemplateshowninDrawing2willbeinsertedintothesurvivalcellandbodywork.
Duringthistestthesteeringwheel,steeringcolumn,seatandallpaddingrequiredbyArticles14.6.1-6(includingfixings),mayberemovedand:
a) Thetemplatemustbeheldhorizontalandloweredverticallyfromabovethecaruntilitsloweredgeis525mmabovethereferenceplane.
b) ReferringtoDrawing2,theedgeofthetemplatewhichliesonthelined-emustbenolessthan1800mmbehindthelineA-AshowninDrawing5.
Anymeasurementsmadefromthecockpitentrytemplate(whenreferredtoinArticles13.1.3,14.3.3,15.2.2,15.4.5,15.4.6,15.5.4,16.3and18.5),mustalsobemadewhilstthetemplateisheldinthisposition.
13.1.2 Theforwardextremityofthecockpitopening,evenifstructuralandpartofthesurvivalcell,mustbeatleast50mminfrontofthesteeringwheel.
13.1.3 Thedrivermustbeabletoenterandgetoutofthecockpitwithoutitbeingnecessarytoopenadoororremoveanypartofthecarotherthanthesteeringwheel.Whenseatednormally,thedrivermustbefacingforwardsandtherearmostpartofhiscrashhelmetmaybenomorethan125mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplate.
13.1.4 Fromhisnormalseatingposition,withallseatbeltsfastenedandwhilstwearinghisusualdrivingequipment,thedrivermustbeabletoremovethesteeringwheelandgetoutofthecarwithin5secondsandthenreplacethesteeringwheelinatotalof10seconds.
Forthistest,thepositionofthesteeredwheelswillbedeterminedbytheFIAtechnicaldelegateandafterthesteeringwheelhasbeenreplacedsteeringcontrolmustbemaintained.
13.2 Steeringwheel:
Thesteeringwheelmustbefittedwithaquickreleasemechanismoperatedbypullingaconcentricflangeinstalledonthesteeringcolumnbehindthewheel.
13.3 Internalcrosssection:
13.3.1 Afreeverticalcrosssection,whichallowstheoutertemplateshowninDrawing3tobepassedverticallythroughthecockpittoapoint100mmbehindthefaceoftherearmostpedalwhenintheinoperativeposition,mustbemaintainedoveritsentirelength.
TheonlythingswhichmayencroachonthisareaarethesteeringwheelandanypaddingthatisrequiredbyArticle14.6.7.
13.3.2 Afreeverticalcrosssection,whichallowstheinnertemplateshowninDrawing3tobepassedverticallythroughthecockpittoapoint100mmbehindthefaceofrearmostpedalwhenintheinoperativeposition,mustbemaintainedoveritsentirelength.
Theonlythingwhichmayencroachonthisareaisthesteeringwheel.
13.3.3 Thedriver,seatednormallywithhisseatbeltsfastenedandwiththesteeringwheelremovedmustbeabletoraisebothlegstogethersothathiskneesarepasttheplaneofthesteeringwheelintherearwarddirection.Thisactionmustnotbepreventedbyanypartofthecar.
13.4 Positionofthedriver’sfeet:
13.4.1 Thesurvivalcellmustextendfrombehindthefueltankinaforwarddirectiontoapointatleast300mminfrontofthedriver'sfeet,withhisfeetrestingonthepedalsandthepedalsintheinoperativeposition.
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13.4.2 Whenheisseatednormally,thesolesofthedriver'sfeet,restingonthepedalsintheinoperativeposition,mustnotbesituatedforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.
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ARTICLE14:SAFETYEQUIPMENT
14.1 Fireextinguishers:
14.1.1 Allcarsmustbefittedwithafireextinguishingsystemwhichwilldischargeintothecockpitandintotheenginecompartment.
14.1.2 AnyextinguishantlistedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulationsispermitted.
14.1.3 Thequantityofextinguishantmayvaryaccordingtothetypeofextinguishantused,alistofquantitiesmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
14.1.4 Whenoperated,thefireextinguishingsystemmustdischarge95%ofitscontentsataconstantpressureinnolessthan10secondsandnomorethan30seconds.
Ifmorethanonecontainerwithextinguishantisfitted,theymustbereleasedsimultaneously.
14.1.5 Eachpressurevesselmustbeequippedwithameansofcheckingitspressurewhichmayvaryaccordingtothetypeofextinguishantused.AlistofpressuresmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
14.1.6 Thefollowinginformationmustbevisibleoneachcontainerwithextinguishant:
a) Typeofextinguishant;
b) Weightorvolumeoftheextinguishant;
c) Datethecontainermustbecheckedwhichmustbenomorethantwoyearsafterthedateoffilling.
14.1.7 Allpartsoftheextinguishingsystemmustbesituatedwithinthesurvivalcellandallextinguishingequipmentmustwithstandfire.
14.1.8 Anytriggeringsystemhavingitsownsourceofenergyispermitted,provideditispossibletooperateallextinguishersshouldthemainelectricalcircuitsofthecarfail.
Thedrivermustbeabletotriggertheextinguishingsystemmanuallywhenseatednormallywithhissafetybeltsfastenedandthesteeringwheelinplace.
Furthermore,ameansoftriggeringfromtheoutsidemustbecombinedwiththecircuitbreakerswitchesdescribedinArticle14.2.1.Theymustbemarkedwithaletter"E"inredatleast80mmtall,withalinethicknessofatleast8mm,insideawhitecircleofatleast100mmdiameterwitharededgewithalinethicknessofatleast4mm.
14.1.9 Thesystemmustworkinanyposition,evenwhenthecarisinverted.
14.1.10Allextinguishernozzlesmustbesuitablefortheextinguishantandbeinstalledinsuchawaythattheyarenotdirectlypointedatthedriver.
14.2 Masterswitch:
14.2.1 Thedriver,whenseatednormallywiththesafetybeltsfastenedandthesteeringwheelinplace,mustbeabletocutofftheelectricalcircuitstotheignition,allfuelpumpsandtherearlightbymeansofasparkproofcircuitbreakerswitch.
Thisswitchmustbelocatedonthedashboardandmustbeclearlymarkedbyasymbolshowingaredsparkinawhiteedgedbluetriangle.
14.2.2 Theremustalsobetwoexteriorhorizontalhandleswhicharecapableofbeingoperatedfromadistancebyahook.ThesehandlesmustbesituatedatthebaseofthemainrolloverstructureonbothsidesofthecarandhavethesamefunctionastheswitchdescribedinArticle14.2.1.
14.3 Rearviewmirrors:
14.3.1 Allcarsmusthavetwomirrorsmountedsothatthedriverhasvisibilitytotherearandbothsidesofthecar.
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14.3.2 Thereflectivesurfaceofeachmirrormustbeatleast150mmwide,thisbeingmaintainedoveraheightofatleast50mm.Additionally,eachcornermayhavearadiusnogreaterthan10mm.
14.3.3 Allpartsoftherearviewmirrors,includingtheirhousingsandmountings,mustbesituatedbetween250mmand500mmfromthecarcentrelineandbetween550mmand750mmfromtherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplate.
14.3.4 TheFIAtechnicaldelegatemustbesatisfiedbyapracticaldemonstrationthatthedriver,whenseatednormally,canclearlydefinefollowingvehicles.
Forthispurpose,thedrivershallberequiredtoidentifyanyletterornumber,150mmhighand100mmwide,placedanywhereonboardsbehindthecar,thepositionsofwhicharedetailedbelow:
Height : From400mmto1000mmfromtheground.
Width : 4000mmeithersideofthecarcentreline.
Position : 10mbehindtherearwheelcentreline.
14.4 Safetybelts:
Itismandatorytoweartwoshoulderstraps,oneabdominalstrapandtwostrapsbetweenthelegs.ThesestrapsmustbesecurelyfixedtothecarandmustcomplywithFIAstandard8853-2016.
14.5 Rearlight:
AllcarsmusthavearedlightinworkingorderthroughouttheEventwhich:
a) HasbeensuppliedbyanFIAdesignatedmanufacturer.
b) Facesrearwardsat90°tothecarcentrelineandthereferenceplane.
c) Isclearlyvisiblefromtherear.
d) Ismountednominallyonthecarcentreline.
e) Ismounted300mm(+/-5mm)abovethereferenceplane.
f) Isnolessthan595mmbehindtherearwheelcentrelinemeasuredparalleltothereferenceplane.
g) Canbeswitchedonbythedriverwhenseatednormallyinthecar.
Thetwomeasurementsabovewillbetakentothecentreoftherearfaceofthelightunit.
14.6 Cockpitpadding:
14.6.1 Allcarsmustbeequippedwiththreeareasofpaddingforthedriver’sheadwhich:
a) Aresoarrangedthattheycanberemovedfromthecarasonepart.
b) Arelocatedbytwohorizontalpegsbehindthedriver'sheadandtwoquickreleasefixings,whichareclearlyindicatedandeasilyremovablewithouttools,atthefrontcorners.Notapeorsimilarmaterialmaybeusedtocovertheforwardfixingsoftheheadrest.
c) Aremadefromamaterialwhichissuitablefortherelevantambientairtemperature,detailsofapprovedmaterialsandthetemperaturebandsinwhichtheyshouldbeusedmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
d) Arecovered,inallareaswherethedriver’sheadislikelytomakecontact,withtwopliesofAramidfibre/epoxyresincompositepre-pregmaterialinplainweave60gsmfabricwithacuredresincontentof50%(+/-5%)byweight.
e) Arepositionedsoastobethefirstpointofcontactforthedriver'shelmetintheeventofanimpactprojectinghisheadtowardsthemduringanaccident.
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14.6.2 Thefirstareaofpaddingforthedriver’sheadmustbepositionedbehindhimandbebetween75mmand90mmthickoveranareaofatleast40000mm².Ifnecessary,andonlyfordrivercomfort,anadditionalpieceofpaddingnogreaterthan10mmthickmaybeattachedtothisheadrestprovideditismadefromasimilarmaterialwhichincorporatesalowfrictionsurface.
14.6.3 Whilstheisseatednormallythetwofurtherareasofpaddingforthedriver’sheadmustbepositionedinanareaboundedbytwoverticallinesandonehorizontallinethroughthefront,rearandlowerextremitiesofthedriver’shelmet(onthecarcentreline),andtheuppersurfaceofthesurvivalcell.
Eachofthesemustcoveranareagreaterthan35750mm²whenviewedfromthesideofthecarandbenolessthan95mmthick,thisminimumthicknessbeingmaintainedtotheupperedgesofthesurvivalcellandovertheirentirelength.Theminimumthicknesswillbeassessedperpendiculartothecarcentrelinebutaradiusnogreaterthan10mmmaybeappliedalongtheirupperinboardedges.
Furthermore,anyvoidbetweentheseareasofpaddingandtheareadescribedinArticle14.6.2mustalsobecompletelyfilledwiththesamematerial.
Ifnecessary,andonlyfordrivercomfort,anadditionalpieceofpaddingnogreaterthan20mmthickmaybeattachedtotheseheadrestsprovidedtheyaremadefromasimilarmaterialwhichincorporatesalowfrictionsurface.
14.6.4 Forwardofthesideareasofpaddingfurthercockpitpaddingmustbeprovidedoneachsideofthecockpitrim.Thepurposeoftheadditionalpaddingistoaffordprotectiontothedriver'sheadintheeventofanobliquefrontalimpactandmustthereforebemadefromthesamematerialastheotherthreeareasofpadding.
Theseextensionsmust:
a) Besymmetricallypositionedaboutthecarcentrelineandacontinuationofthesideareasofpadding.
b) Bepositionedwiththeiruppersurfacesatleastashighasthesurvivalcellovertheirentirelength.
c) Havearadiusontheirupperinboardedgenogreaterthan10mm.
d) Bepositionedinorderthatthedistancebetweenthetwoisnolessthan320mm.
e) Beashighaspracticablewithintheconstraintsofdrivercomfort.
14.6.5 Allofthepaddingdescribedabovemustbesoinstalledthatifmovementofthedriver'shead,inanyexpectedtrajectoryduringanaccident,weretocompressthefoamfullyatanypoint,hishelmetwouldnotmakecontactwithanystructuralpartofthecar.
14.6.6 Nopartofthepaddingdescribedabovemayobscuresightofanypartofthedriver'shelmetwhenheisseatednormallyandviewedfromdirectlyabovethecar.
14.6.7 Inordertominimisetheriskofleginjuryduringanaccident,additionalareasofpaddingmustbefittedeachsideof,andabove,thedriver’slegs.
Theseareasofpaddingmust:
a) BemadefromamaterialdescribedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
b) Benolessthan25mmthickovertheirentirearea.
c) Covertheareasituatedbetweenpointslying50mmbehindthecentreofthepointatwhichthesecondrollstructuretestiscarriedoutand100mmbehindthefaceoftherearmostpedalwhenintheinoperativeposition,asshowninDrawing4.
d) CovertheareaabovethelineA-AshowninDrawing3.
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14.7 Wheelretention:
14.7.1 Allcars,whilstundertheirownpower,mustbefittedwithdualstagedeviceswhichwillretainthewheelfastenerintheeventofitcomingloosefrombothitsfullfittedpositionandfromanyangularpositionbeforethefastenerbeginstoengageontheaxlethread.
14.7.2 Eachteammustprovidetestresultswhichdemonstratethatthesewheelretentiondeviceswillpreventawheelcomingoffthecarintheeventofthefastenereitherbeingleftlooseorbecomingloose.
14.7.3 Furthermore,thedualstageretainingsystemsmustincorporateameansofallowingthewheeloperator/fittertovisuallyidentifyanincorrectlyfittedfastener.
14.8 Seatfixingandremoval:
14.8.1 Inorderthataninjureddrivermayberemovedfromthecarinhisseatfollowinganaccident,allcarsmustbefittedwithaseatwhich,ifitissecured,mustbedonesowithnomorethantwobolts.Ifboltsareusedtheymustbe:
a) Clearlyindicatedandeasilyaccessibletorescuecrews.
b) Fittedvertically.
c) Removablewiththesametoolforallteamsandwhichisissuedtoallrescuecrews.
14.8.2 Theseatmustbeequippedwithreceptacleswhichpermitthefittingofbeltstosecurethedriverandonewhichwillpermitthefittingofaheadstabilisationdevice.
14.8.3 Theseatmustberemovablewithouttheneedtocutorremoveanyoftheseatbelts.
14.8.4 Detailsofthetoolreferredtoabove,thebeltreceptaclesandtheheadstabilisationdevicemaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
14.9 Headandnecksupports:
Noheadandnecksupportwornbythedrivermaybelessthan25mmfromanystructuralpartofthecarwhenheisseatedinhisnormaldrivingposition.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 70/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE15:CARCONSTRUCTION
15.1 Permittedmaterials:
15.1.1 Thefollowingisthelistofpermittedmaterials.ThesearetheonlymaterialspermittedtobeusedintheconstructionoftheFormulaOneCarprovidedonlythatinallcasesthematerialisavailableonanon-exclusivebasisandundernormalcommercialtermstoallcompetitors.
Permittedmaterials:
1) Aluminiumalloys.
2) Siliconcarbideparticulatereinforcedaluminiumalloymatrixcomposites.
3) Steelalloys.
4) Cobaltalloys.
5) Copperalloyscontaining≤2.5%byweightofBeryllium.
6) Titaniumalloys(butnotforuseinfastenerswith<15mmdiametermalethread).
7) Magnesiumalloys.
8) Nickelbasedalloyscontaining50%<Ni<69%.
9) Tungstenalloy.
10) Thermoplastics:monolithic,particulatefilled,shortfibrereinforced.
11) Thermosets:monolithic,particulatefilled,shortfibrereinforced.
12) Carbonfibresmanufacturedfrompolyacrylonitrile(PAN)precursor.(*)
13) Carbonfibresmanufacturedfrompolyacrylonitrile(PAN)precursorwhichhave:
- Atensilemodulus≤550GPa.
- Adensity≤1.92g/cm3.
- Unidirectionalorplanarreinforcementwithintheirpre-impregnatedform,notincludingthreedimensionalweavesorstitchedfabrics(butthreedimensionalpreformsandfibrereinforcementusingZ-pinningtechnologyarepermitted).
- Nocarbonnanotubesincorporatedwithinthefibreoritsmatrix.
- Apermittedmatrix,notincludingacarbonmatrix.
14) Aramidfibres.
15) Poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole)fibres(e.g.“Zylon”).
16) Polyethylenefibres.
17) Polypropylenefibres.
18) EandSGlassfibres.
19) Sandwichpanelcores:Aluminium,Nomex,polymerfoams,syntacticfoams,balsawood,carbonfoam.
20) Thematrixsystemutilisedinallpre-impregnatedmaterialsmustbeepoxy,cyanateester,phenolic,bismaleimide,polyurethane,polyesterorpolyimidebased.(*)
21) Thematrixsystemutilisedinallpre-impregnatedmaterialsmustbeepoxy,cyanateesterorbismaleimidebased.
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22) Monolithicceramics.
[Materialsmarked(*)arepermittedonlyforpartsclassifiedaseitherfront,rearorsideimpactstructures,sideintrusionpanelsorsuspensionmembersasregulatedbyArticles15.4.3,15.5.3,15.4.6,15.4.7and10.3oftheTechnicalRegulationsrespectively.]
Exceptions:
1) Allelectricalcomponents(e.g.controlboxes,wiringlooms,sensors).
2) Allseals&rubbers(e.g.rubberboots,o-rings,gaskets,anyfluidseals,bumprubbers).
3) Fluids(e.g.water,oils).
4) Tyres.
5) Coatingsandplatings(e.g.DLC,nitriding,chroming).
6) Paint.
7) Adhesives.
8) Thermalinsulation(e.g.felts,goldtape,heatshields).
9) Allcurrentlyregulatedmaterials(e.g.fuelbladder,headrest,extinguishant,padding,plank).
10) Brakeandclutchfrictionmaterials.
11) AllpartsofpowerunitshomologatedaccordingtoAppendix4oftheSportingRegulations.
15.1.2 Nopartsofthecarmaybemadefrommetallicmaterialswhichhaveaspecificmodulusofelasticitygreaterthan40GPa/(g/cm3).TeststoestablishconformitywillbecarriedoutinaccordancewithFIATestProcedure03/03,acopyofwhichmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
15.2 Rollstructures:
15.2.1 Allcarsmusthavetworollstructureswhicharedesignedtohelppreventinjurytothedriverintheeventofthecarbecominginverted.
Theprincipalstructuremustbeatleast940mmabovethereferenceplaneatapoint30mmbehindtherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate.Thesecondarystructuremustbeinfrontofthesteeringwheelanditshighestpointmaybenomorethan1050mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate.
Thetworollstructuresmustbeofsufficientheighttoensurethedriver'shelmetandhissteeringwheelareatleast70mmand50mmrespectivelybelowalinedrawnbetweentheirhighestpointsatalltimes.Themeasurementswillbetakennormaltothelinebetweenthehighestpointsofthetwostructures.
15.2.2 TheprincipalstructuremustpassastaticloadtestdetailsofwhichmaybefoundinArticle17.2.Furthermore,eachteammustsupplydetailedcalculationswhichclearlyshowthatitiscapableofwithstandingthesameloadwhenthelongitudinalcomponentisappliedinaforwarddirection.
15.2.3 ThesecondarystructuremustpassastaticloadtestdetailsofwhichmaybefoundinArticle17.3.Thehighestpointofthesecondarystructuremaynotbemorethan670mmabovethereferenceplane.
15.2.4 Theprincipalrollstructuremusthaveaminimumenclosedstructuralcrosssectionof10000mm²,inverticalprojection,acrossahorizontalplane50mmbelowitshighestpoint.Theareathusestablishedmustnotexceed200mminlengthorwidthandmaynotbelessthan10000mm2belowthispoint.
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15.2.5 Thesecondaryrollstructuremusthaveaminimumenclosedstructuralcrosssectionof10000mm²,inverticalprojection,acrossahorizontalplane50mmbelowitshighestpoint.
15.3 Structurebehindthedriver:
Thepartsofthesurvivalcellimmediatelybehindthedriverwhichseparatethecockpitfromthecar’sfueltank,andwhichlielessthan150mmfromthecarcentreline,maybesituatednofurtherforwardthanthelinea-b-c-d-eshowninDrawing2.
Inordertovalidatetheintegrityofthisstructurethesurvivalcellmustpassanimpacttestagainstasolidverticalbarrierplacedatrightanglestothecarcentreline.DetailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle16.3.
15.4 Survivalcellspecifications:
15.4.1 EverysurvivalcellmustincorporatethreeFIAsuppliedtranspondersforidentificationpurposes.Thesetranspondersmustbeapermanentpartofthesurvivalcell,bepositionedinaccordancewithDrawing6andmustbeaccessibleforverificationatanytime.
15.4.2 Thesurvivalcellmusthaveanopeningforthedriver,theminimumdimensionsofwhicharegiveninArticle13.1.Anyotherductsoropeningsinthesurvivalcellmusteither:
a) Beoftheminimumsize,andforthesolepurposeof,allowingaccesstomechanicalcomponents.
b) Beforthesolepurposeofcoolingthedriverormechanicalorelectricalcomponents,theareaofanysuchductoropeningmaynotexceed3000mm2.
15.4.3 Animpactabsorbingstructuremustbefittedinfrontofthesurvivalcell.Thisstructureneednotbeanintegralpartofthesurvivalcellbutmustbesolidlyattachedtoitandbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentreline.
Nopartofthisstructuremayliemorethan525mmabovethereferenceplaneanditsforward-mostpointmustnotbelessthan1050mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline.
Itmusthave:
a) Asingleexternalverticalcross-section,perpendiculartothecarcentreline,ofmorethan9000mm²atapoint50mmbehinditsforward-mostpoint.Nopartofthiscross-sectionmaylielessthan135mmabovethereferenceplaneanditsoverallwidthmustnotexceed140mm.
b) Asingleexternalverticalcross-section,perpendiculartothecarcentreline,ofmorethan20000mm²atapoint150mmbehinditsforward-mostpoint.Theoverallwidthofthiscross-sectionmustnotexceed330mm.
Whenmeasuringthesesections,onlypartsbetweenthehighestpointofthesectionand100mmverticallybelowthispoint,maybeconsidered.
Eachexternalverticalcross-section,takenperpendiculartothecarcentrelinebetweenpoints150mmbehindtheforward-mostpointofthestructureand150mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline,mustbeasinglesectionwithanareawhichexceedsavaluegivenbyalineartaperfrom20000mm²to60000mm²respectively.
Furthermore,alllinesdrawnnormallyandexternallytoaverticalcross-sectiontaken150mmaheadofthefrontwheelcentrelineandperpendiculartothecarcentreline,mustnotcrossaverticallongitudinalplanelyingonthecarcentreline.
15.4.4 ReferringtoDrawing5:
TheexternalwidthofthesurvivalcellbetweenthelinesB-BandC-Cmustbenolessthan450mmandmustbeatleast60mmpersidewiderthanthecockpitopeningwhenmeasurednormaltotheinsideofthecockpitaperture.Theseminimumdimensionsmustbemaintainedoveraheightofatleast350mm.
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ThewidthofthesurvivalcellmaytaperforwardofthelineB-Bbut,ifthisisthecase,theoutersurfacemustnotlieclosertothecarcentrelinethanaplanewhichhasalineartapertoaminimumwidthof300mmatthelineA-A.
Theminimumwidthmustbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentreline,mustbemaintainedoveraheightofatleast400mmatthelineB-Band275mmatthelineA-A.TheheightatanypointbetweenA-AandB-Bmustnotbelessthantheheightdefinedbyalineartaperbetweenthesetwosections.Whenassessingtheminimumexternalcross-sectionsofthesurvivalcell,radiiof50mmatthelineB-B,andreducingatalinearrateto25mmatthelineA-A,willbepermitted.
Followingtheapplicationofthepermittedradii,theexternalcross-sectionsofthesurvivalcellbetweenthelinesA-AandB-Bmust,overtheirrespectiveminimumwidths,haveaminimumheightof300mmatthelineB-Breducingatalinearratetoaminimumheightof225mmatthelineA-A.Furthermore,nopartofanyexternalcrosssectionofthesurvivalcellinthisareawhichliesmorethan250mmabovethereferenceplanemaycontainanyconcaveradiusofcurvature.
TheminimumheightofthesurvivalcellbetweenthelinesA-AandB-Bneednotbearrangedsymmetricallyaboutthehorizontalcentrelineoftherelevantsectionbutmustbemaintainedoveritsentirewidth.
ThemaximumheightofthesurvivalcellbetweenthelinesA-AandB-Bis625mmabovethereferenceplane.
Nopartofthesurvivalcell,noranypartrigidlyattachedtoit(withtheexceptionofthepanelofprescribedlaminatereferredtoinArticle3.4.2,pitottubesandantenna),maylieaboveadiagonallinestarting525mmabovethereferenceplaneatA-Aandrisingto625mmabovethereferenceplaneatapoint375mmbehindA-A.
NopartofsectionstakenatthelinesA-AandB-Bmayliemorethan525mmand625mmrespectivelyabovethereferenceplane.
TheminimumheightofthesurvivalcellbetweenthelinesB-BandC-Cis550mm.
15.4.5 WhenthetestreferredtoinArticle13.1.1iscarriedoutandthetemplateisinpositionwithitsloweredge525mmabovethereferenceplane,theshapeofthesurvivalcellmustbesuchthatnopartofitisvisiblewhenviewedfromeithersideofthecar.Thepartsofthesurvivalcellwhicharesituatedeachsideofthedriver'sheadmustbenomorethan550mmapart.
Inordertoensurethatthedriver’sheadisnotundulyexposedandforhimtomaintaingoodlateralvisibilityhemust,whenseatednormallyandlookingstraightaheadwithhisheadasfarbackaspossible,havehiseyevisiblewhenviewedfromtheside.Thecentreofgravityofhisheadmustliebelowthetopofthesurvivalcellatthisposition.Whenviewedfromthesideofthecar,thecentreofgravityofthedriver’sheadwillbedeemedtobetheintersectionofaverticallinepassingthroughthecentreofhisearandahorizontallinepassingthroughthecentreofhiseye.
15.4.6 Inordertogiveadditionalprotectiontothedriverintheeventofasideimpactaflattestpanelofuniformconstruction,whichisdesignedandconstructedinordertorepresentasectionofthesurvivalcellsides,mustpassastrengthtest.DetailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle18.7.
ReferringtoDrawing5,withtheexceptionoflocalreinforcementand/orinserts,allpartsofthesurvivalcellwhichareaswideorwiderthantheminimumwidthsstipulatedinArticle15.4.4,includinganyradiiapplied,mustbemanufacturedtothesamespecificationasasinglepanelwhichsatisfiestherequirementsofArticle18.7.However,additionalpliesmaybeusedandcorethicknessmaybeincreasedwhereapplicable,andlocalreliefapplied,providedtheFIAtechnicaldelegateissatisfiedineachcasethattheoverallstrengthofthestructurehasbeenimprovedbydoingso.
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Furthermore,partstothistestedspecificationmustcoveranareawhich:
a) Beginsnolessthan250mmhighatthelineA-Ataperingatalinearratetoaminimumof450mmhighatthelineB-B.
b) Liesbetweentwohorizontallines100mmand550mmabovethereferenceplanebetweenthelineB-Bandtherearofthesurvivalcell.
15.4.7 OncetherequirementsofArticles15.4.4,15.4.6,15.5.1,15.5.2,15.5.4,15.5.5,16.1,16.2,16.3,17.1,17.2,17.3,18.1,18.2,18.3,18.4,18.5,18.6,18.7and18.9havebeenmet,panelsnolessthan6.2mmthickmustthenbepermanentlyattachedtothesurvivalcellsides.Thesepanelsmust:
a) Inalongitudinalsense,coverthearealyingbetweenthelineB-Bandalinesituated50mmbehindthelinea-b-cshowninDrawing2(whenmeasurednormaltothelinea-b-c).A50mmhorizontallineartapermaybeincludedatbothends(whenmeasurednormaltotheboundary).
b) Inaverticalsense,coverthearealyingbetweentwohorizontalplanes100mmand550mmabovethereferenceplane.
Furthermore,whenviewedfromtheside,thepanelmustcoverthecockpitentrytemplateshowninsideelevationinDrawing2.Behindaverticallinewhichlies375mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplatea20mmtapermaybeincludedatthetopedgeofthepanel.
c) Beconstructedfrom16pliesofZylonandtwopliesofcarbon,preciselay-updetailsmustbefollowedandmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
d) Bepermanentlyattachedtothesurvivalcellwithanappropriateadhesivewhichhasbeenappliedovertheirentiresurface.
Cut-outsinthesepanelstotalling35000mm²persidewillbepermittedforfittingaroundsideimpactstructures,wiringloomholesandessentialfixings.
15.4.8 OncetherequirementsofArticles15.4.4,15.4.6,15.5.1,15.5.2,15.5.4,15.5.5,16.1,16.2,16.3,17.1,17.2,17.3,18.1,18.2,18.3,18.4,18.5,18.6,18.7and18.9havebeenmetonefurtherpanel,whichmaybemadeinamaximumofthreepartsbutwhichisnolessthan3.0mmthick,mustthenbepermanentlyattachedtothesurvivalcell.Thispanelmust:
a) Inalongitudinalsense,coverthearealyingbetweenaverticalplane300mmtotherearofthelineA-Aandaverticalplane650mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplate.A25mmhorizontallineartapermaybeincludedatbothends.
b) Inaverticalsense,covereverypartoftheouterskinofthesurvivalcellinthearealyingbetweentwohorizontalplanes60mmand550mmabovethereferenceplane.ThiswillnotapplyatthetopofthispanelwhereanyradiuspermittedbyArticle15.4.4fallsinsidetheminimumpermittedchassiswidthnorfortheareafittedwiththepaneldefinedbyArticle15.4.7.
c) Ifmadeinmorethanonepart,havealladjacentpartsoverlappingbyaminimumof25mm.Theseoverlapsmayincludelineartapersinthethicknessofbothparts.
d) OverlapthepaneldefinedbyArticle15.4.7alongalljoiningedgesbyaminimumof25mm.Theseoverlapsmayincludelineartapersinthethicknessofbothparts.
e) BeconstructedfromsevenpliesofZylonandtwopliesofcarbon,preciselay-updetailsmustbefollowedandmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
f) Bepermanentlyattachedtothesurvivalcellwithanappropriateadhesivewhichhasbeenappliedoveritsentiresurfaceincludingalloverlappingjoints.
Cut-outsinthispaneltotalling15000mm²persidewillbepermittedforfittingaroundwiringloomholesandessentialfixings.
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15.5 Survivalcellsafetyrequirements:
15.5.1 Thesurvivalcellandfrontalabsorbingstructuremustpassanimpacttestagainstasolidverticalbarrierplacedatrightanglestothecarcentreline.DetailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle16.2.
15.5.2 Betweentheprincipalandsecondaryrollstructures,twoimpactabsorbingstructuresmustbefittedoneachsideofthesurvivalcellandmustbesolidlyattachedtoit.Thepurposeofthesestructuresistoprotectthedriverintheeventofalateralimpactand,inordertoensurethisisthecase,strengthtestsofthemountingsmustbecarriedoutsuccessfully.DetailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticles18.9and18.10.
Theimpactabsorbingstructuresmustbemanufacturedandmountedtothesurvivalcellinaccordancewiththefollowingspecifications:
a) TheconstructionandgeometryofthestructuresmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
b) Thestructuresmustbemountedwiththeprincipalaxesoftheirprismaticmountingsectionsperpendiculartothelongitudinalandverticalcentreplaneofthecar,andwiththecentresofareaoftheiroutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionspositioned:
i) Longitudinally:500mm(+/-25mm)forwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateandwithin1mmofeachother.
ii) Vertically:Between400mmand520mmabovethereferenceplaneandbetween70mmand190mmabovethereferenceplanefortheupperandlowerstructuresrespectively.
iii) Laterally:Within1mmofeachother.
RefertothedrawingswhichmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
c) Mountingsmustbepermanentlybondedtothestructurestoenablethemtobeattachedtothesurvivalcell,eachofthemmust:
i) IncorporateaclosedendandinternalabutmenttotheimpactstructurethatmustbecapableofwithstandingthelateralloaddescribedinArticle18.10withoutastructuralcontributionfromthebondedinterface.
ii) Lieentirelyinboardofaplanewhichlies292mminboardoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructure.
iii) BearrangedinorderthattheoutermostsurfacecreatedbyaninterfacebetweenthemountingandstructureliesonaverticalsurfacethatislocatedwithinthezoneindicatedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
iv) Bearrangedinorderthattheinnermostextentofthebondedinterfacebetweenthemountingandstructureisoffsetinboardbyaminimumof44mmfromtheverticalsurfacedefinedin(iii)above.
v) Bearrangedinorderthatthebondedinterfacecoverstheentireexternalareaofthestructurebetweentheinnermostandoutermostextentsdefinediniii)andiv)above.
d) Toallowfordebriscompaction,theinternalvolumeofthe:
i) Upperstructuremustbeemptyoutboardofaverticalplaneintersectingthestructureleadingedgeat367mmandtrailingedgeat342mmmeasuredfromtheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructureasindicatedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
ii) Lowerstructuremustbeemptyoutboardofaverticalplaneintersectingthestructureleadingedgeat382mmandtrailingedgeat357mmmeasuredfromtheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructureasindicatedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
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Nopartswhich,intheopinionoftheFIAtechnicaldelegate,wouldpreventproperfunctionoftheimpactstructuresintheeventofalateralimpactmaybepresentinthevolumelyingbetween300mmand700mmforwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate,andbetween50mmand600mmabovethereferenceplane,andoutboardofaplane280mminboardoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructures.
15.5.3 Animpactabsorbingstructuremustbefittedbehindthegearboxsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentrelinewiththecentreofareaofitsrearmostface300mm(+/-5mm)abovethereferenceplaneandnolessthan575mmbehindtherearwheelcentreline.
Therearmostfaceoftheimpactstructuremustbearectangularsectionnolessthan100mmwide,thisminimumwidthmustbemaintainedoveraheightofatleast130mmandeachcornermayincorporatearadiusnogreaterthan10mm.
Furthermore,whenviewedfromtheside,thelowestandhighestpointsoftheimpactabsorbingstructurebetweenitsrearfaceand50mmaftoftherearwheelcentrelinemaynotbeseparatedverticallybymorethan275mm.
Betweentherearfaceandtherearwheelcentrelinenodimensionoftheareathusdefinedmaydiminishnormayanypartofthestructureorgearboxwhichisvisiblefrombelow,otherthanthepermittedradii,behigherthantheloweredgeoftherearface.Pocketsofminimumsizewithinthestructurearepermittedforthesolepurposeofattachingsuspensionmembers.
Thisstructuremustpassanimpacttestandmustbeconstructedfrommaterialswhichwillnotbesubstantiallyaffectedbythetemperaturesitislikelytobesubjectedtoduringuse.DetailsofthetestproceduremaybefoundinArticle16.4.
Inordertominimisethelikelihoodofthestructurepenetratingasurvivalcell,itmustbedesignedsothatthemajorityofitsmaterialliesevenlyarounditsperimeter.Therefore,theperimeterofeveryverticalcrosssectionbetweenpoints50mmforwardofitsrearfaceand200mmforwardofitsrearfacemustbeofauniformconstructionand,withtheexceptionofminimallocalchangesforattachments,haveaminimumthicknessof1.75mm.Materialwithaspecificgravityoflessthan1willnotbeconsideredwhencalculatingthesethicknessesand,furthermore,anyinternalstructuremustnotbethickerthananypartoftheperimeteratthatsection.
Onlythosepartsofthestructurewhichgenuinelycontributetoitsperformanceduringtheimpacttest,andwhicharedesignedandfittedforthatsolepurpose,willbeconsideredwhenassessingcompliancewithanyoftheabove.
15.5.4 Thesurvivalcellmustalsobesubjectedtofiveseparatestaticloadtests:
1) Onaverticalplanepassingthroughthecentreofthefueltank.
2) Onaverticalplanepassingthroughtherearmostpointatwhichtheouterendoftheforward-mostfrontwheeltetherwouldmakecontactwiththesurvivalcellwhenswungabouttheinnerattachment.
3) Frombeneaththefueltank.
4) Oneachsideofthecockpitopening.
5) Frombeneaththecockpitfloor.
DetailsofthetestproceduresmaybefoundinArticle18.2,18.3,18.4and18.5.
15.5.5 Totesttheattachmentsofthefrontal,sideandrearimpactabsorbingstructuresstaticsideloadtestsmustbecarriedout.DetailsofthesetestproceduresmaybefoundinArticles18.6,18.8and18.9.2.
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ARTICLE16:IMPACTTESTING
16.1 Conditionsapplicabletoallimpacttests:
16.1.1 AlltestsmustbecarriedoutinaccordancewithFIATestProcedure01/00,inthepresenceofanFIAtechnicaldelegateandbyusingmeasuringequipmentwhichhasbeencalibratedtothesatisfactionoftheFIAtechnicaldelegate.AcopyofthetestproceduremaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
16.1.2 Anysignificantmodificationintroducedintoanyofthestructurestestedshallrequirethatparttopassafurthertest.
16.2 Frontaltest1:
Tosimulatein-carconditions,allpartswhichcouldmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeofthetestmustbefittedtotheteststructurewhichmustbesolidlyfixedtothetrolleythroughthemountingpointsofthenosestructure,butnotinsuchawayastoincreaseitsimpactresistance.
Ifthetestfacilityincludesasystemtomanageexcessresidualenergy(intheeventthatthenosestructurefailstoabsorballthetestenergy),suchasystemmustnotinanywaymodifytheresultsduringasuccessfultest.
Forthepurposesofthistest,thetotalweightofthetrolleyandteststructureshallbe780kg(+1%/-0)andthevelocityofimpactnotlessthan15metres/second.
Theresistanceoftheteststructuremustbesuchthatduringtheimpacteither:
a) Thepeakdecelerationoverthefirst100mmofdeformationdoesnotexceed10g.
b) Thepeakpermissibledecelerationincreaseslinearlyfrom10gat100mmto20gat150mmofdeformation.
c) Thepeakdecelerationoverthefirst60kJenergyabsorptiondoesnotexceed20g.
d) Theaveragedecelerationoverthefirst150mmofdeformationexceeds2.5g.
e) Thepeakdecelerationofthetrolleydoesnotexceed45g.
Or:
a) Thepeakforceoverthefirst100mmofdeformationdoesnotexceed75kN.
b) Thepeakpermissibleforceincreaseslinearlyfrom75kNat100mmto150kNat150mmofdeformation.
c) Thepeakforceoverthefirst60kJenergyabsorptiondoesnotexceed150kN.
d) Theaverageforceoverthefirst150mmofdeformationexceeds18.75kN.
e) Thepeakforcedoesnotexceed337.5kN.
Furthermore,theremustbenodamagetothemountingsofthenose.
ThistestmustbecarriedoutonthefrontalimpactabsorbingstructurewhichwassubjectedtothefirsttestdescribedinArticle18.6.
16.3 Frontaltest2:
A50mm(+/-1mm)thickaluminiumplateshouldbeattachedtothefrontbulkheadofthesurvivalcellthroughthemountingpointsofthefrontalimpactabsorbingstructure.Theplateshould:
a) Measure500mm(+/-1mm)widex375mm(+/-1mm)high.
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b) Befittedsymmetricallyaboutthecarcentreline.
c) Befittedinaverticalsenseinordertoensureforcedistributionissimilartothatwiththenosefitted.
d) HavesixM10x30mmholesintheouterfacearrangedina125mmsquaregridpattern,twosquareswideandonesquarehigh,aboutitsgeometriccentre.Thetestlaboratorywillthenfita5mmthick500mmx275mmsteelplatetotheseholesusinga5mmwasherstack.
Allpartswhichcouldmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeofthetestmustbefittedtotheteststructurewhichmustbesolidlyfixedtothetrolleythroughitsenginemountingpointsbutnotinsuchawayastoincreaseitsimpactresistance.
Thefueltankmustbefittedandmustbefullofwater.
Adummyweighingatleast75kgmustbefittedwithsafetybeltsdescribedinArticle14.4fastened.However,withthesafetybeltsunfastened,thedummymustbeabletomoveforwardsfreelyinthecockpit.ThedummyshallbeequippedwithahelmettoFIA8860orFIA8859andanFHRtoFIA8858(theweightofthehelmetandFHRshouldberecorded,butshouldnotbeincludedinthe75kg).Thesafetybeltsshallbefastenedtorepresentin-raceconditions.
Thefireextinguishers,asdescribedinArticle14.1mustalsobefitted.
Forthepurposesofthistest,thetotalweightofthetrolleyandteststructureshallbebetween900kgand925kgandthevelocityofimpactnotlessthan15metres/second.
Theimpactwallmustbefittedwithsixcrushtubeswhichdevelopacombined360kNasfollows:
a) 2x64kNtubesfromT-zerotoT-end,directedintothelowerleftandrightM10attachmentpoints.
b) 1x40kNtubefromT-100mmtoT-end,directedintothelowercentralM10attachmentpointand1x64kNtubefromT-100mmtoT-end,directedintotheuppercentralM10attachmentpoint.
c) 2x64kNtubesfromT-200mmtoT-end,directedintotheupperleftandrightM10attachmentpoints.
Theresistanceoftheteststructuremustbesuchthatfollowingtheimpactthereisnodamagetothesurvivalcellortothemountingsofthesafetybeltsorfireextinguishers.
Themaximumdecelerationinthechestofthedummyforacumulative3msshallbereported,thisbeingtheresultantofdatafromthethreeorthogonalaxes.
ThistestmaybecarriedoutonanysurvivalcellprovidedithasbeensuccessfullysubjectedtothetestsdescribedinArticles17.2,17.3and18.2-5.ThetestmusthoweverbecarriedoutonthesurvivalcellwhichwassubjectedtothetestdescribedinArticle18.6.
SpecificationsofthecrushtubesandtestarrangementmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
16.4 Reartest:
Allpartswhichwillbefittedbehindtherearfaceoftheengineandwhichcouldmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeofthetestmustbefittedtotheteststructure.Ifsuspensionmembersaretobemountedonthestructuretheymustbefittedforthetest.Thestructureandthegearboxmustbesolidlyfixedtothegroundandasolidobject,havingamassof780kg(+1%/-0)andtravellingatavelocityofnotlessthan11metres/second,willbeprojectedintoit.
Theobjectusedforthistestmustbeflat,measure450mm(+/-3mm)wideby550mm(+/-3mm)highandmayhavea10mmradiusonalledges.Itsloweredgemustbeatthesamelevelasthecarreferenceplane(+/-3mm)andmustbesoarrangedtostrikethestructureverticallyandat90°tothecarcentreline.
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Duringthetest,thestrikingobjectmaynotpivotinanyaxisandthecrashstructuremaybesupportedinanywayprovidedthisdoesnotincreasetheimpactresistanceofthepartsbeingtested.
Theresistanceoftheteststructuremustbesuchthatduringtheimpact:
a) Thepeakdecelerationoverthefirst225mmofdeformationdoesnotexceed20g.
b) Themaximumdecelerationdoesnotexceed20gformorethanacumulative15ms,thisbeingmeasuredonlyinthedirectionofimpact.
Furthermore,allstructuraldamagemustbecontainedwithintheareabehindtherearwheelcentreline.
ThistestmustbecarriedoutontherearimpactabsorbingstructurewhichwassubjectedtothetestdescribedinArticle18.8.
16.5 Steeringcolumntest:
ThepartsreferredtoinArticle10.4.4mustbefittedtoarepresentativeteststructure;anyotherpartswhichcouldmateriallyaffecttheoutcomeofthetestmustalsobefitted.Theteststructuremustbesolidlyfixedtothegroundandasolidobject,havingamassof8kg(+1%/-0)andtravellingatavelocityofnotlessthan7metres/second,willbeprojectedintoit.
Theobjectusedforthistestmustbehemisphericalwithadiameterof165mm(+/-1mm).
Forthetest,thecentreofthehemispheremuststrikethestructureatthecentreofthesteeringwheelalongthesameaxisasthemainpartofthesteeringcolumn.
Duringthetestthestrikingobjectmaynotpivotinanyaxisandtheteststructuremaybesupportedinanywayprovidedthisdoesnotincreasetheimpactresistanceofthepartsbeingtested.
Theresistanceoftheteststructuremustbesuchthatduringtheimpactthepeakdecelerationoftheobjectdoesnotexceed80gformorethanacumulative3ms,thisbeingmeasuredonlyinthedirectionofimpact.
Afterthetest,allsubstantialdeformationmustbewithinthesteeringcolumnandthesteeringwheelquickreleasemechanismmuststillfunctionnormally.
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ARTICLE17:ROLLSTRUCTURETESTING
17.1 Conditionsapplicabletobothrollstructuretests:
17.1.1 Rubber3mmthickmaybeusedbetweentheloadpadsandtherollstructure.
17.1.2 Bothpeakloadsmustbeappliedinlessthanthreeminutesandbemaintainedfor10seconds.
17.1.3 Undertheload,deformationmustbelessthan25mminthecaseoftheprincipalrollstructureand50mminthecaseofthesecondaryrollstructure,measuredalongtheloadingaxisandanystructuralfailurelimitedto100mmbelowthetopoftherolloverstructurewhenmeasuredvertically.
17.1.4 Anysignificantmodificationintroducedintoanyofthestructurestestedshallrequirethatparttopassafurthertest.
17.2 Principalrollstructuretest:
Aloadequivalentto50kNlaterally,60kNlongitudinallyinarearwarddirectionand90kNvertically,mustbeappliedtothetopofthestructurethrougharigidflatpadwhichis200mmindiameterandperpendiculartotheloadingaxis.
Duringthetest,therollstructuremustbeattachedtothesurvivalcellwhichissupportedonitsundersideonaflatplate,fixedtoitthroughitsenginemountingpointsandwedgedlaterallybyanyofthestaticloadtestpadsdescribedinArticle18.2.
17.3 Secondaryrollstructuretest:
Averticalloadof75kNmustbeappliedtothetopofthestructurethrougharigidflatpadwhichis100mmindiameterandperpendiculartotheloadingaxis.Theloadingaxismustbealignedwiththehighestpointofthestructure.
Duringthetest,therolloverstructuremustbeattachedtothesurvivalcellwhichisfixedtoaflathorizontalplate.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 81/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE18:STATICLOADTESTING
18.1 Conditionsapplicabletoallstaticloadtests:
18.1.1 ThetestsdescribedinArticles18.2,18.3,18.4and18.5mustbecarriedoutoneverysurvivalcellintendedforuse.Duringthesetests(ondeflectionsgreaterthan3.0mm),thedeflectionacrosstheinnersurfacesmustnotexceed120%ofthedeflectionobtainedonthechassisusedforthetestsdescribedinArticles17.2and17.3.
18.1.2 Deflectionsanddeformationswillbemeasuredatthecentreofareaofcircularloadpadsandatthetopofrectangularpads.
18.1.3 Allpeakloadsmustbeappliedinlessthanthreeminutes,throughaballjointedjunctionatthecentreofareaofthepad,andmaintainedfor30seconds.
18.1.4 Followingthetestsdescribedin18.2,18.3,18.4and18.5,permanentdeformationmustbelessthan1.0mm(0.5mmin18.3and18.4)aftertheloadhasbeenreleasedfor1minute.
18.1.5 AlltestsmustbecarriedoutbyusingmeasuringequipmentwhichhasbeencalibratedtothesatisfactionoftheFIAtechnicaldelegate.
18.1.6 Aradiusof3mmispermissibleontheedgesofallloadpadsandrubber3mmthickmaybeplacedbetweenthemandtheteststructure.
18.1.7 Forthetestsdescribedin18.2,18.3,18.4and18.5,thesurvivalcellsmustalwaysbeproducedinanidenticalconditioninorderthattheirweightsmaybecompared.Iftheweightdiffersbymorethan5%fromtheonesubjectedtotheimpacttestsdescribedinArticles16.2and16.3furtherfrontalandsideimpacttestsandrollstructuretestsmustbecarriedout.
18.1.8 Anysignificantmodificationintroducedintoanyofthestructurestestedshallrequirethatparttopassafurthertest.
18.2 Survivalcellsidetests:
18.2.1 Fortest1),referredtoinArticle15.5.4,pads100mmlongand300mmhigh,whichconformtotheshapeofthesurvivalcell,mustbeplacedagainsttheoutermostsidesofthesurvivalcellwiththeloweredgeofthepadatthelowestpartofthesurvivalcellatthatsection.
Aconstanttransversehorizontalloadof25.0kNwillbeappliedand,undertheload,theremustbenostructuralfailureoftheinneroroutersurfacesofthesurvivalcell.
18.2.2 Fortest2),referredtoinArticle15.5.4,pads200mmindiameterwhichconformtotheshapeofthesurvivalcell,mustbeplacedagainsttheoutermostsidesofthesurvivalcell.
Thecentreofthepadsmustpassthroughtheplanementionedaboveandthemidpointoftheheightofthestructureatthatsection.
Aconstanttransversehorizontalloadof30.0kNwillbeappliedtothepadsand,undertheload,theremustbenostructuralfailureoftheinneroroutersurfacesofthesurvivalcellandthetotaldeflectionmustnotexceed15mm.
18.3 Survivalcellfloortest:
Apadof200mmdiametermustbeplacedonthesurvivalcellfloor,inapositiondeterminedbytheFIAtechnicaldelegate,andaverticalupwardsloadof12.5kNapplied.
Undertheload,theremustbenostructuralfailureoftheinneroroutersurfacesofthesurvivalcell.
18.4 Cockpitfloortest:
Apadof200mmdiametermustbeplacedbeneaththesurvivalcell,onthecarcentrelineandwithitscentre600mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitentrytemplate,andaverticalupwardsloadof15kNapplied.
Undertheload,theremustbenostructuralfailureoftheinneroroutersurfacesofthesurvivalcell.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 82/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
18.5 Cockpitrimtests:
Twopads,eachofwhichis50mmindiameter,mustbeplacedonbothsidesofthecockpitrimwiththeirupperedgesatthesameheightasthetopofthecockpitsidewiththeircentresatapoint250mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitopeningtemplatelongitudinally.
Aconstanttransversehorizontalloadof50kNwillthenbeappliedat90°tothecarcentrelineand,undertheload,theremustbenostructuralfailureoftheinneroroutersurfacesofthesurvivalcell.
Thistestmustberepeatedatpositions50mmand150mmforwardoftherearedgeofthecockpitopeningtemplatelongitudinally.
18.6 Nosepushofftests:
Nosesofidenticaldesignmustbesubjectedtotwoseparatetests.
Test1:
Duringthefirsttestthenosemustbemountedtothesamefixturethatisusedforthefrontalimpacttest1.
Aconstanttransversalhorizontalloadof40.0kNmustthenbeappliedtoonesideoftheimpactabsorbingstructure,usingapadidenticaltotheonesusedinthelateraltestsinArticle18.2.1,atapoint550mmfromthefrontwheelaxis.
Thecentreofareaofthepadmustpassthroughtheplanementionedaboveandthemid-pointoftheheightofthestructureattherelevantsection.After30secondsofapplication,theremustbenofailureofthestructureorofanyattachmentbetweenthestructureandthefixture.
Test2:
Duringthesecondtestthesurvivalcellmustberestingonaflatplateandsecuredtoitsolidlybutnotinawaythatcouldincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.
Aconstanttransversalhorizontalloadof40.0kNmustthenbeappliedtoonesideoftheimpactabsorbingstructure,usingapadidenticaltotheonesusedinthelateraltestsinArticle18.2.1,atapoint550mmfromthefrontwheelaxis.
Thecentreofareaofthepadmustpassthroughtheplanementionedaboveandthemid-pointoftheheightofthestructureattherelevantsection.After30secondsofapplication,theremustbenofailureofthestructureorofanyattachmentbetweenthestructureandthesurvivalcell.
18.7 Sideintrusiontest:
18.7.1 ThetestmustbecarriedoutinaccordancewithFIATestProcedure02/05,inthepresenceofanFIAtechnicaldelegateandbyusingmeasuringequipmentwhichhasbeencalibratedtothesatisfactionoftheFIAtechnicaldelegate.AcopyofthetestproceduremaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
18.7.2 Thetestpanelmustbe500mmx500mmandwillbetestedbyforcingarigidtruncatedconethroughthecentreofthepanelatarateof2mm(+/-1mm)perseconduntilthedisplacementexceeds150mm.
Duringthefirst100mmofdisplacementtheloadmustexceed250kNandtheenergyabsorptionmustexceed6000J.Theremustbenosystematicdamagetotheborderordamagetothefixturebeforetheserequirementshavebeenmet.
18.8 Rearimpactstructurepushofftest:
Duringthetestthegearboxandthestructuremustbesolidlyfixedtothegroundbutnotinawaythatcouldincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 83/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
Aconstanttransversalhorizontalloadof40kNmustthenbeappliedtoonesideoftheimpactabsorbingstructure,usingapadidenticaltotheonesusedinthelateraltestsinArticle18.2.1,atapoint400mmbehindtherearwheelaxis.
Thecentreofareaofthepadmustpassthroughtheplanementionedaboveandthemidpointoftheheightofthestructureattherelevantsection.After30secondsofapplication,theremustbenofailureofthestructureorofanyattachmentbetweenthestructureandthegearbox.
18.9 Sideimpactstructurepushofftests:
18.9.1 Eachteammustsupplydetailedcalculationswhichclearlyshowthatthemountingsoftheupperandlowersideimpactstructuresarecapableofwithstanding:
a) Horizontalloadsof40kNand60kNappliedsimultaneouslytotheupperandlowerstructuresrespectivelyinarearwarddirectionthroughball-jointedpads,whichmayconformtotheshapeofthestructures,measuring100mmhighx100mmwideandwhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcross-sectionoftheimpactstructure.
b) Horizontalloadsof40kNand60kNappliedsimultaneouslytotheupperandlowerstructuresrespectivelyinaforwarddirectionthroughball-jointedpads,whichmayconformtotheshapeofthestructures,measuring100mmhighx100mmwideandwhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcross-sectionoftheimpactstructure.
c) Averticalloadof35kNappliedinanupwarddirectiontothelowerimpactstructurethroughaball-jointedpad,whichmayconformtotheshapeofthestructure,measuring200mmlongx100mmwidewhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructure.
d) Averticalloadof27kNappliedinadownwarddirectiontotheupperimpactstructurethroughaball-jointedpad,whichmayconformtotheshapeofthestructure,measuring200mmlongx100mmwidewhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcrosssectionoftheimpactstructure.
Inallcasesthecalculationsshouldshowthattherewillbenostructuralfailureoftheparts.Itshouldbeassumedthatball-jointedpadsareused,thejointlyingatthecentreofareaofthepad.
18.9.2 ThesetestsmaybecarriedoutonanysurvivalcellprovidedithasbeensuccessfullysubjectedtothetestsdescribedinArticles17.2,17.3and18.2-5.Thetestsmaybeperformedoneithersideofthesurvivalcell.
Duringthepushoffteststhesurvivalcellmustberestingonaflatplateandsecuredtoitsolidlybutnotinawaythatcouldincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.
TemporaryspacersrepresentingpartsectionsofthepanelsdescribedinArticle15.4.7maybeincorporatedwithintheassemblyoftheimpactstructurestothesurvivalcell.Thesespacersmaynotinanywayincreasethestrengthofthesurvivalcellbeingtested.
DummytestpartsmaybeusedinplaceoftheimpactstructureprovidedthetestpartincorporatesidenticalmountingdetailstothosedescribedinArticle15.5.2(c)anddoesnotinanywayincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.
Duringthefirsttestrearwardhorizontalloadsof40kNand60kNappliedsimultaneouslytotheupperandlowerstructuresrespectivelythroughballjointsorball-jointedpadswhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostcross-sectionofthedummyimpactstructures.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 84/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
Duringthesecondtestanupwardverticalloadof35kNmustthenbeappliedtothelowerimpactabsorbingstructureusingaballjointoraball-jointedpadwhosecentreofarealies100mminboardofthecentreoftheoutermostcrosssectionofthedummylowerimpactstructure.
Afterfivesecondsofapplicationtheremustbenofailureofanystructuresorofanyattachmentbetweenthestructureandthesurvivalcell.
18.10Sideimpactstructuresqueezetests:
ThistestmaybecarriedoutonanysurvivalcellwhichhasbeensubjectedtothetestsdescribedinArticles17.2,17.3and18.2-5.Thetestmaybeperformedoneithersideofthesurvivalcell.
Duringthetest,thesurvivalcellmaybesupportedinanywayprovidedthisdoesnotincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.
TemporaryspacersrepresentingpartsectionsofthepanelsdescribedinArticle15.4.7maybeincorporatedwithintheassemblyoftheimpactstructurestothesurvivalcell.Thesespacerscannotinanywayincreasethestrengthofthesurvivalcellbeingtested.
DummytestpartsmaybeusedinplaceoftheimpactstructureprovidedthetestpartsincorporateidenticalmountingdetailstothosedescribedinArticle15.5.2(c)anddonotinanywayincreasethestrengthoftheattachmentsbeingtested.
Loadsof100kNand150kNmustbeappliedsimultaneouslytothedummyupperandlowerstructuresrespectivelyinalateraldirectionusingahemisphericalpadorballjoint,loadingthroughthecentrecrosssection,292mmfromtheoutermostlongitudinalverticalcross-sectionofbothimpactstructures.
Afterfivesecondsofapplicationtheremustbenofailureofthesurvivalcellortheattachmentsbetweenthestructuresandthesurvivalcell.
Eachteammustsupplydetailedcalculationswhichclearlyshowthatthemountingsoftheupperandlowersideimpactstructuressatisfytherequirementof15.5.2(c)(i).
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 85/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE19:FUEL
19.1 PurposeofArticle19:
19.1.1ThepurposeofthisArticleistoensurethatthefuelusedinFormulaOneispetrolasthistermisgenerallyunderstood.
19.1.2 ThedetailedrequirementsofthisArticleareintendedtoensuretheuseoffuelsthatarecomposedofcompoundsnormallyfoundincommercialfuelsandtoprohibittheuseofspecificpower-boostingchemicalcompounds.Acceptablecompoundsandcompoundclassesaredefinedin19.2and19.4.3.Inaddition,tocoverthepresenceoflowlevelimpurities,thesumofcomponentslyingoutsidethe19.2and19.4.3definitionsarelimitedto1%maxm/mofthetotalfuel.
19.1.3 Anypetrol,whichappearstohavebeenformulatedinordertosubvertthepurposeofthisregulation,willbedeemedtobeoutsideit.
19.2 Definitions:
Paraffins - Straightchainandbranchedalkanes.
Olefins - Straightchainandbranchedmono-olefinsanddi-olefins.
- Monocyclicmono-olefins(withfiveormorecarbonatomsinthering)withorwithoutparaffinicsidechains.
Di-olefins - Straightchainorbranchedormonocyclichydrocarbons(withfiveormorecarbonatomsinanyring)withorwithoutparaffinicsidechains,containingtwodoublebondspermolecule.
Naphthenes - Monocyclicalkanes(withfiveormorecarbonatomsinthering)withorwithoutparaffinicsidechains.
Aromatics - Monocyclicandbicyclicaromaticringswithorwithoutparaffinicorolefinicsidechains.Onlyonedoublebondmaybepresentoutsidethearomaticring.
Oxygenates - Organiccompoundscontainingoxygen.
Biocomponents- Paraffins,olefins,di-olefins,naphthenes,aromaticsandoxygenates,asdefinedabove,derivedinwholeorpartfrombiologicalorigins.Forthepurposesofquantification,thebiocomponentcontributionofagivenmoleculeisdefinedasthecarbon,hydrogenandoxygenatomsfrombiologicaloriginasapercentofthetotalmolecule,onamass/massbasis.Thebiocomponentcontributionofaco-producedstreamisdeterminedasthebiofeedstockpercentageonamass/massbasis.
19.3 Properties:
Theonlyfuelpermittedispetrolhavingthefollowingcharacteristics: Property Units Min Max TestMethod (RON+MON)/2 87.0 ASTMD2699/D2700 Oxygen wt% 3.7 ElementalAnalysis Nitrogen mg/kg 500 ASTMD5762 Benzene wt% 1.0 GC-MS DVPE kPa 45 60(1) EN13016-1 Lead mg/l 5 ASTMD3237 OxidationStability minutes 360 ASTMD525 Sulphur mg/kg 10 ENISO20846
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 86/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
Electricalconductivity pS/m 200 ASTMD2624 FinalBoilingPoint oC 210 ISO3405 DistillationResidue %v/v 2.0 ISO3405(1) ThemaximumDVPEmayriseto68kPaifaminimumof2%bio-methanoland/orbio-ethanol
areincludedinthefuel.
ThefuelwillbeacceptedorrejectedaccordingtoASTMD3244withaconfidencelimitof95%.19.4 Compositionofthefuel:
19.4.1 Thecompositionofthepetrolmustcomplywiththespecificationsdetailedbelow:
Component Units Min Max TestMethod Aromatics wt% 40* GCMS Olefins wt% 17* GCMS Totaldi-olefins wt% 1.0 GCMS Totalstyreneandalkylderivatives wt% 1.0 GCMS *Valuescorrectedforfueloxygencontent.
Inaddition,thefuelmustcontainnosubstancewhichiscapableofexothermicreactionintheabsenceofexternaloxygen.
19.4.2 Thetotalofindividualhydrocarboncomponentspresentatconcentrationsoflessthan5%m/mofthetotalfuelmustbeatleast30%m/mofthehydrocarboncomponentofthefuel.
19.4.3 Theonlyoxygenatespermittedareparaffinicmono-alcoholsandparaffinicmono-etherswithafinalboilingpointbelow210°C.
19.4.4 Aminimumof5.75%(m/m)ofthefuelmustcomprisebio-components.
19.4.5 Initiallythebio-componentsarerestrictedtooxygenates.However,hydrocarbons(asdefinedin19.2)andoxygenates(lyingoutsidethe19.4.3definition)ormixturesthereof,whichhavebeenproducedfrombiomass,maybeincludedinFormulaOnefuelaspartofthe5.75%biocomponentsquota,providedthatasuitableanalyticalprocedureisavailablefortheirquantificationandtoverifytheirbiologicalorigin.TheiruseinF1fuelwillbedependentonevidenceindicatingthatthesupplierisgenuinelydevelopingthesecompoundsforuseincommercialfuels.
19.4.6Manganesebasedadditivesarenotpermitted.
19.5 Air:
Onlyambientairmaybemixedwiththefuelasanoxidant.
19.6 Safety:
19.6.1AllcompetitorsmustbeinpossessionofaMaterialSafetyDataSheetforeachtypeofpetrolused.ThissheetmustbemadeoutinaccordancewithECDirective93/112/EECandallinformationcontainedthereinstrictlyadheredto.
19.7 Fuelapproval:
19.7.1BeforeanyfuelmaybeusedinanEvent,twoseparatefivelitresamples,insuitablecontainers,mustbesubmittedtotheFIAforanalysisandapproval.
19.7.2 NofuelmaybeusedinanEventwithoutpriorwrittenapprovaloftheFIA.
19.7.3 NocompetitormayhavemorethanfivefuelformulationsapprovedforuseduringaChampionshipseason.
19.7.4 NocompetitormayhavemorethantwoapprovedfuelsavailableduringanEvent.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 87/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
19.8 SamplingandtestingatanEvent:
19.8.1AllsampleswillbetakeninaccordancewiththeFIAFormulaOnefuelsamplingprocedure,acopyofwhichmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
19.8.2 Fueldensitywillalsobecheckedandmustbewithin0.25%ofthefigurenotedduringpre-approvalanalysis.
19.8.3 FuelsamplestakenduringanEventwillbecheckedforconformitybyusingagaschromatographictechnique,whichwillcomparethesampletakenwithanapprovedfuel.Sampleswhichdifferfromtheapprovedfuelinamannerconsistentwithevaporativeloss,willbeconsideredtoconform.However,theFIAretainstherighttosubjectthefuelsampletofurthertestingatanFIAapprovedlaboratory.
19.8.4GCpeakareasofthesamplewillbecomparedwiththoseobtainedfromthereferencefuel.Increasesinanygivenpeakarea(relativetoitsadjacentpeakareas)whicharegreaterthan12%,oranabsoluteamountgreaterthan0.10%forcompoundspresentatconcentrationsbelow0.8%,willbedeemednottocomply.
Ifapeakisdetectedinafuelsamplethatwasabsentinthecorrespondingreferencefuel,anditspeakarearepresentsmorethan0.10%ofthesummedpeakareasofthefuel,thefuelwillbedeemednottocomply.
Ifthedeviationsobserved(above)byGCindicatethattheyareduetomixingwithanotherFormulaOnefuel,whichhasbeenapprovedbytheFIAforusebytheteam,thefuelsamplewillbedeemedtocomply,providedthattheadulterantfuelispresentatnomorethan10%inthesample.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 88/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE20:TELEVISIONCAMERASANDTIMINGTRANSPONDERS
20.1 Presenceofcamerasandcamerahousings:
AllcarsmustbefittedwithatleastfivecamerasorcamerahousingsatalltimesthroughouttheEvent.
20.2 Locationofcamerahousings:
Camerahousings,whenused,mustbefittedinthesamelocationascameras.DetailsconcerningthesizeandweightofallcamerahousingsmaybefoundintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.
20.3 Locationandfittingofcameraequipment:
20.3.1 Allcarsmustbeequippedwithfourpositionsinwhichcamerasorcamerahousingscanbefitted.ReferringtoDrawing6,allcarsmustcarry(i)acamerainposition4and(ii)acameraorcamerahousinginpositions1,2(bothsides)and3.
AnydecisionastowhetheracameraorcamerahousingisfittedinthosepositionswillbebyagreementbetweentherelevantCompetitorandtheCommercialRightsHolder.
20.3.2 AnypartprovidedbytheCompetitorforthepurposeofaligningacameraorcamerahousinginpositions2or3correctlywillbeconsideredpartofthecameraorhousingprovideditdoesnotexceed15mminwidthandisbeingfittedforthatsolepurpose.
20.3.3 Anycameraorcamerahousingfittedinpositions2,3or4showninDrawing6mustbemountedinorderthatitsmajoraxisdoesnotsubtendananglegreaterthan1°tothereferenceplane.
20.3.4 Whenviewedfromthesideofthecar,theentirecameraorcamerahousinginposition2showninDrawing6mustliewithintheareaformedbytwoverticallines150mmand450mmforwardofthefrontwheelcentreline,ahorizontalline325mmabovethereferenceplaneandadiagonallinefromapointonA-Aand550mmabovethereferenceplanetoapoint50mmrearwardoftheforward-mostpointoftheimpactabsorbingstructuredefinedinArticle15.4.3and220mmabovethereferenceplane.Furthermore,theentirecameraorcamerahousinginposition2mustbemountedmorethan150mmfromcarcentreline.
Anycameraorcamerahousingfittedinthelefthandposition2showninDrawing6mustbemountedinorderthatitsmajoraxiswherepassingthroughthecentreofthecameralens(orcorrespondingpositionforacamerahousing)doesnotintersectanypartofthecarlyingforwardofthecameraorcamerahousing.
20.3.5 Thecamerafittedinposition4showninDrawing6mustbemountedinorderthatitsforward-mostpointisnomorethan80mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplate.
20.3.6 Thecamerafittedinposition3showninDrawing6mustbemountedinorderthatitsforward-mostpointisnomorethan280mmrearwardoftherearfaceofthecockpitentrytemplateandtheentirecameraorcamerahousingisbetween675mmand950mmabovethereferenceplaneandmorethan75mmfromcarcentreline.
20.4 Transponders:
Allcarsmustbefittedwithtwotimingtransponderssuppliedbytheofficiallyappointedtimekeepers.ThesetranspondersmustbefittedinstrictaccordancewiththeinstructionsdetailedintheAppendixtotheTechnicalRegulations.Teamsmustusetheirbestendeavourstoensurethatthetranspondersareinworkingorderatalltimes.
20.5 Installation:
Competitorsmustbenotifiedofanychangestothecameraortransponderinstallationinstructionsbefore30Juneofthepreviousseason.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 89/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
ARTICLE21:FINALTEXT
ThefinaltextfortheseregulationsshallbetheEnglishversionshouldanydisputeariseovertheirinterpretation.
2017F1TechnicalRegulations 90/102 9March2017©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Automobile
APPENDIX1
DRAWINGS
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obile
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obile
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obile
2017F1TechnicalRegulations95/102
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obile
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obile
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obile
APPENDIX2
POWERU
NITSYSTEM
S,FUNCTIO
NSAN
DCOMPO
NEN
TS
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obile
Item
No
ListofPUfunctions/system
s/components
Article1.22
Definition
Article5.3.7
LegalityBox
Article5.4.1Weight
Article5.4.2
Cen.Gravity
Article5.22
Seal.Perim.
App.4SportingRegs.
1AllEnginesub-assem
bliessealedaccordingtoArticle23oftheF1SportingRegulations(e.g.enginecom
ponentswithincam
-covers,cylinderheads,crankcase,anygearcase)INC
INC
INC
INC
INC
INC
2PU
pressurechargingcomponents(e.g.com
pressorfrominlettooutletincludingw
heel;turbinefrom
inlettooutletincludingwheel;shaft,bearingsandhousings)
INC
INC
INC
INC
INC
INC
3Wastegate,Pop-offvalveorsim
ilarINC
INC
INC
INC
EXCINC
4PU
Engineairinletsystemfrom
plenumentrytocylinderhead(e.g.plenum
,trumpets,
throttles)INC
INC
INC
INC
EXCINC
5PU
exhaustsystemfrom
theengineexhaustflangeuptobutnotincludingtheturbineorwastegateexittail-pipe
INC
INC
INC
EXCEXC
INC
6PU
mountedfuelsystem
components:(e.g.HighPressurefuelhose,fuelrail,fuelinjectors,
accumulators)
INC
INC
INC
INC
EXCINC
7PU
mountedelectricalcom
ponents(e.g.wiringloom
withinlegalityvolum
e,sensors,actuators,ignitioncoils,alternator,sparkplugs)
INC
INC
INC
INC
EXCINC
8AllPU
coolantpumps,oilpum
ps,scavengepumps,oilairseparatorsandfuelhighpressure
pumps(deliveringm
orethan10bar)includinganyofthefollowingassociatedcom
ponents:motors,actuators,filters,brackets,supports,screw
s,nuts,dowels,w
ashers,cables,oilorairseals.Alltubesorhosesbetw
eencomponentsofthePU
thatarenotdescribedbyline26.Excludeshydraulicpum
psandERSpartsdescribedinline9.
INC
INC
INC
INC
EXCINC
9Coolingpum
ps(andassociatedmotors,actuators,associatedfilters,brackets,support,
screws,nuts,dow
els,washers,cables,tubes,hoses,oilorairseals)partlyorw
hollyforERScom
ponentsnotmandatorilyincludedinthePU
legalityvolume.
INC
EXCINC
EXCEXC
INC
10MainPU
oiltank,catchtanks,andanybreathersystemconnectedtothem
andassociatedfilters,brackets,support,screw
s,nuts,dowels,w
ashers,cables,tubes,hoses,oilorairseals
INC
INC
INC
INC
EXCINC
11MGU-Kexcludingm
echanicalpowertransm
issioncomponentsandm
ountingaccessoriesINC
INC
INC
INC
INC
INC
12MGU-Km
echanicalpowertransm
issioncomponentsandm
ountingaccessoriesINC
INC
INC
INC
EXCINC
13MGU-Hexcludingm
echanicalpowertransm
issioncomponentsandm
ountingaccessories.INC
INC
INC
INC
INC
INC
14MGU-Hm
echanicalpowertransm
issioncomponentsandm
ountingaccessoriesINC
INC
INC
INC
EXCINC
15ESpartsdefinedinArticle5.4.3
INC
EXCEXC
EXCINC
INC
16ESexcludingpartsdefinedinArticle5.4.3
INC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
INC
17Wiringbetw
eenanyECUandphasesofM
GU-K
INC
EXCINC
EXCEXC
INC
18Wiringbetw
eenanyECUandphasesofM
GU-H
INC
EXCINC
EXCEXC
INC
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©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Autom
obile
19Wiringbetw
eenECUandES
INC
EXCINC
EXCEXC
INC
2017F1TechnicalRegulations102/102
9March2017
©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Autom
obile
20AnyECU
orassociateddevicecontainingprogrammablesem
iconductorsorcontaininghighpow
erswitchingdevices.Thisincludes,butisnotlim
itedto,MGU-Kcontrolunit,M
GU-H
controlunit,injectorcontrolunit,ignitioncontrolunit,voltageregulator,intelligentsensorsandactuatorscontainingcom
plexelectronics.
Thisexcludesassociatedbrackets,supports,screws,nuts,dow
els,washersorcables.
ExcludesStandardECUandFIAsensors.
INC
EXCINC
EXCINC
INC
21Brackets,supports,screw
s,nuts,dowels,w
ashersorcablesassociatedtothepartslistedinline20.
INC
EXCINC
EXCEXC
INC
22StandardECU
.INC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
INC
23Anyactuatorsneededtom
akethePUfunctionatalltim
es.(exceptspecificexclusions)INC
INC
INC
INC
EXCINC
24Intakeupstream
ofcompressorinletuptoandincludingtheairfilter.
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
25HeatShieldsandassociatedm
ountinghardware.
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
26Watersystem
accumulators
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
27Heatexchangersandtheirassociatedaccessories.(includedbutnotlim
itedtotubes,hoses,supports,bracketsandfasteners)
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
28Hydraulicsystem
(e.g.pumps,accum
ulators,manifolds,servo-valves,solenoids,actuators)
otherthanservovalve(s)andactuator(s)forPUcontrol.
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
29Hydraulicsystem
servovalve(s)andactuator(s)forPUcontrol.
INC
INC
INC
INC
EXCINC
30Fuelfeedpum
psdeliveringlessthan10barsandtheirassociatedaccessories(includedbutnotlim
itedtotubes,hoses,supports,bracketsandfasteners).EXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXC
31Anyancillaryequipm
entassociatedwiththePU
airvalvesystemsuchasregulatorsor
compressors.
INC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
INC
32ExhaustbeyondturbineexitandW
Gexitandassociatedbrackets,support,screw
s,nuts,dow
els,washersorcables.
INC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXC
33Studsusedtom
ountPUtochassisorgearbox.
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
34Flyw
heel,clutchandclutchactuationsystembetw
eenthePUandthegearbox.
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
35Liquids.
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
36Ballastm
ountedonthePUupto2kg.Thisisperm
itted(subjecttoArticle4.4)butanyinexcessof2kgw
illberemovedbeforem
easuringPUweight.
EXCINC
INC
INC
EXCEXC
37Ballastm
ountedonthePUinexcessof2kg.
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
38Wiringharnessesw
hicharenotordinarilypartofapowerunit.
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
EXCEXC
2017F1TechnicalRegulations103/102
9March2017
©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Autom
obile
APPENDIX3
POWERU
NITEN
ERGYFLOW
2017F1TechnicalRegulations104/102
9March2017
©2017FédérationInternationaledel’Autom
obile