2016 National 5 modern studies exam
Transcript of 2016 National 5 modern studies exam
X7497511
N5
copy
NationalQualications2016
Total marks mdash 60
SECTION 1 mdash DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND AND THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marksAttempt ONE part EITHERPart A Democracy in Scotland Pages 02ndash05ORPart B Democracy in the United Kingdom Pages 06ndash09
SECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marksAttempt ONE part EITHERPart C Social Inequality Pages 10ndash13ORPart D Crime and the Law Pages 14ndash17
SECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marksAttempt ONE part EITHERPart E World Powers Pages 18ndash21ORPart F World Issues Pages 22ndash25
Write your answers clearly in the answer booklet provided In the answer booklet you must clearly identify the question number you are attempting
Use blue or black ink
Before leaving the examination room you must give your answer booklet to the Invigilator if you do not you may lose all the marks for this paper
X7497511 Modern Studies
MONDAY 30 MAY
100 PM ndash 245 PM
AHTP
Page 02
MARKSSECTION 1 mdash DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND AND THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part A mdash Democracy in Scotland on pages 02ndash05
OR
Part B mdash Democracy in the United Kingdom on pages 06ndash09
PART A mdash DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND
In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from Scotland
Question 1
In Scottish Parliament Elections political parties campaign in many ways
Describe in detail two ways political parties campaign in Scottish Parliament Elections
Question 2
The Additional Member System (AMS) has several advantages
Explain in detail the advantages of the Additional Member System (AMS)
You should give a maximum of three advantages in your answer
4
8
Page 03
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 04
PART A (continued)
Question 3
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Extracts from a report on Scottish political attitudes
ldquoPeople in Scotland have many opportunities to participate in politics for example voting in local authority and European Parliament elections There has been concern that fewer are taking part in the political process Most people still see voting as important but in the last three General Elections (2005 2010 2015) between 30 and 41 of the Scottish electorate didnrsquot vote Political parties are interested in finding out the reasons for this
Younger voters have significantly lower turnout rates at elections than the middle-aged and elderly Since 2001 no General Election has seen more than 50 of young people turn out to vote Traditional forms of participation are less appealing to young people but they are taking part in politics in new ways such as petitioning boycotts demonstrations and online activity such as blogging and internet campaigning
Engagement in politics can be measured by looking at membership of the main political parties The Green Party and the SNP have experienced increases in their membership over the last decade while the ldquotraditionalrdquo parties (Conservative Labour and Liberal Democrats) have seen a reduction in membershiprdquo
SOURCE 2
Scottish Turnout in Elections
Westminster
Holyrood
European
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
1009080706050403020100
Year
Turn
out
()
who have taken part in selected activities by age
18ndash29 30ndash59 60+Signed petition 36 34 30Gone on a protest or demonstration 10 7 6Contacted radio TV or newspaper 3 5 10Contacted your MP 5 17 20
Page 05
PART A Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
Glasgow 75
Stirling 90middot1
Dundee 78middot8
East Dunbartonshire 91
East Renfrewshire 90middot4
ScotlandDecides
NO
Party membership changed - SNP membership
prior to the referendum was 26000 and by
April 2015 it was 105000
65 of Scots say they had ldquolots of conversations
with family and friendsrdquo about the referendum
compared with 29 who had not 11 said that
they had contributed to an online discussion
and 9 had attended a public meeting Social
media was the most popular place for under-18rsquos
to turn to for information with 64 using this
EVENING STARReferendum Discussion
The TribunePARTY FIGURES
NO 55YES 45
Final Result
Turnout in the Scottish Independence Referendum(by selected Local Authority)
In meeting the promise to grant more
powers to Scotland after the referendum
far more people trust the SNP (37) to
Labour (15) the Conservatives (8)
and the Liberal Democrats (1) combined
the DAILY ALBASCOTTISH POWERS
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Ross Monroe is selective in the use of facts
There are high levels of political participation in Scotland
View of Ross Monroe
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsRossMonroersquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesRossMonroersquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 06
MARKSPART B mdash DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
In your answers to Questions 4 and 5 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 4
In General Elections political parties campaign in many ways
Describe in detail two ways in which political parties campaign during General Elections
Question 5
First Past the Post has several disadvantages
Explain in detail the disadvantages of First Past the Post
You should give a maximum of three disadvantages in your answer
4
8
Page 07
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 08
PART B (continued)
Question 6
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Composition of the House of Lords
The House of Commons and the House of Lords make up the two Chambers in the UK Parliament In recent years some changes have been made to the composition of the Lords In 1995 over half of those who sat in the House of Lords were hereditary peers (this means they inherited their seat in the Lords from their father) The total number of Lords has changed and currently there are about 790 members none of whom are directly elected by the public
By 1997 about 36 of the House of Lords were appointed as a Lord for the length of their life (a life peer) Today approximately 90 of Lords are life peers Many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament in the fields of medicine law business science sport and education to name a few areas
Although women have only been allowed to sit in the House of Lords since 1958 the Lords Speaker is currently a woman Baroness DrsquoSouza It is her job to oversee the business in the House of Lords She has a special interest in human rights and development issues Since 2000 36 of newly appointed members have been women 21 have been ethnic minorities and 10 have been disabled
SOURCE 2
Comparison of selected factors in the House of Lords and the UK population
House of Lords UK population
1995 2015 1995 2015
Male 93 75 49 49
Female 7 25 51 51
Ethnic-minority background Less than 1 5 6 13
under 60 years of age 22 16 81 77
Average age 79 70 36 40
Privately educated 62 50 7 7
Graduated from Oxford or Cambridge University 35 38 Less than 1 Less than 1
Disabled 2 11 12 17
Page 09
PART B Question 6 (continued)SOURCE 3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300Number of Peers
0 ndash 29
30 ndash 39
40 ndash 49
50 ndash 59
60 ndash 69
70 ndash 79
80 ndash 89
90 ndash 99
Age
Members of the House of Lords (Age range) 2015
House of Lords
The Mail TodayHouse of Lords can be useful
when opposing bills in the
Houses of Parliament
Statistics released recently indicated that the
House of Lords has just two peers under the
age of 40 but 29 are aged over 90 with Lord
Tyler stating the House of Lords was
ldquoLondonrsquos best day centre for the elderlyrdquo
with members able to claim up to pound300 per
day in expenses for just ldquoturning up and
shuffling offrdquo The StarNO NEED FOR CHANGE
DAILY BLOG
Ageing House of Lords
The Government has decided to scrap plans
for the introduction of new members to the
House of Lords due to a lack of enthusiasm
among the Members of both Houses as well as
the British public Although it argued that the
current unelected chamber was undemocratic
and in need of reform it was agreed that
reforms which had already taken place were
sufficient for the present time
Electoral Reform of the House of Lords
UK TodayLabour has stated that if elected in the next
General Election then they will reform the
House of Lords replacing the current House
with an elected Senate of the Nations and
Regions whilst also removing all remaining
hereditary peers The Conservatives have
stated that they aim to ensure that the
House of Lords continues to carry out the
valuable role in scrutinising and revising
legislation
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Morag Watt is selective in the use of facts
The House of Lords is in need of further reformView of Morag Watt
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsMoragWattrsquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesMoragWattrsquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 10
MARKSSECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part C mdash Social Inequality on pages 10ndash13
OR
Part D mdash Crime and the Law on pages 14ndash17
PART C mdash SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 7 and 8 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 7
Groups that experience inequality within society
Women Ethnic Minorities Elderly
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways the Government has tried to reduce the inequalities experienced by the group you have chosen
Question 8
Some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
4
6
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
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Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
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DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
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DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
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DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
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Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 02
MARKSSECTION 1 mdash DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND AND THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part A mdash Democracy in Scotland on pages 02ndash05
OR
Part B mdash Democracy in the United Kingdom on pages 06ndash09
PART A mdash DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND
In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from Scotland
Question 1
In Scottish Parliament Elections political parties campaign in many ways
Describe in detail two ways political parties campaign in Scottish Parliament Elections
Question 2
The Additional Member System (AMS) has several advantages
Explain in detail the advantages of the Additional Member System (AMS)
You should give a maximum of three advantages in your answer
4
8
Page 03
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 04
PART A (continued)
Question 3
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Extracts from a report on Scottish political attitudes
ldquoPeople in Scotland have many opportunities to participate in politics for example voting in local authority and European Parliament elections There has been concern that fewer are taking part in the political process Most people still see voting as important but in the last three General Elections (2005 2010 2015) between 30 and 41 of the Scottish electorate didnrsquot vote Political parties are interested in finding out the reasons for this
Younger voters have significantly lower turnout rates at elections than the middle-aged and elderly Since 2001 no General Election has seen more than 50 of young people turn out to vote Traditional forms of participation are less appealing to young people but they are taking part in politics in new ways such as petitioning boycotts demonstrations and online activity such as blogging and internet campaigning
Engagement in politics can be measured by looking at membership of the main political parties The Green Party and the SNP have experienced increases in their membership over the last decade while the ldquotraditionalrdquo parties (Conservative Labour and Liberal Democrats) have seen a reduction in membershiprdquo
SOURCE 2
Scottish Turnout in Elections
Westminster
Holyrood
European
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
1009080706050403020100
Year
Turn
out
()
who have taken part in selected activities by age
18ndash29 30ndash59 60+Signed petition 36 34 30Gone on a protest or demonstration 10 7 6Contacted radio TV or newspaper 3 5 10Contacted your MP 5 17 20
Page 05
PART A Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
Glasgow 75
Stirling 90middot1
Dundee 78middot8
East Dunbartonshire 91
East Renfrewshire 90middot4
ScotlandDecides
NO
Party membership changed - SNP membership
prior to the referendum was 26000 and by
April 2015 it was 105000
65 of Scots say they had ldquolots of conversations
with family and friendsrdquo about the referendum
compared with 29 who had not 11 said that
they had contributed to an online discussion
and 9 had attended a public meeting Social
media was the most popular place for under-18rsquos
to turn to for information with 64 using this
EVENING STARReferendum Discussion
The TribunePARTY FIGURES
NO 55YES 45
Final Result
Turnout in the Scottish Independence Referendum(by selected Local Authority)
In meeting the promise to grant more
powers to Scotland after the referendum
far more people trust the SNP (37) to
Labour (15) the Conservatives (8)
and the Liberal Democrats (1) combined
the DAILY ALBASCOTTISH POWERS
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Ross Monroe is selective in the use of facts
There are high levels of political participation in Scotland
View of Ross Monroe
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsRossMonroersquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesRossMonroersquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 06
MARKSPART B mdash DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
In your answers to Questions 4 and 5 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 4
In General Elections political parties campaign in many ways
Describe in detail two ways in which political parties campaign during General Elections
Question 5
First Past the Post has several disadvantages
Explain in detail the disadvantages of First Past the Post
You should give a maximum of three disadvantages in your answer
4
8
Page 07
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 08
PART B (continued)
Question 6
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Composition of the House of Lords
The House of Commons and the House of Lords make up the two Chambers in the UK Parliament In recent years some changes have been made to the composition of the Lords In 1995 over half of those who sat in the House of Lords were hereditary peers (this means they inherited their seat in the Lords from their father) The total number of Lords has changed and currently there are about 790 members none of whom are directly elected by the public
By 1997 about 36 of the House of Lords were appointed as a Lord for the length of their life (a life peer) Today approximately 90 of Lords are life peers Many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament in the fields of medicine law business science sport and education to name a few areas
Although women have only been allowed to sit in the House of Lords since 1958 the Lords Speaker is currently a woman Baroness DrsquoSouza It is her job to oversee the business in the House of Lords She has a special interest in human rights and development issues Since 2000 36 of newly appointed members have been women 21 have been ethnic minorities and 10 have been disabled
SOURCE 2
Comparison of selected factors in the House of Lords and the UK population
House of Lords UK population
1995 2015 1995 2015
Male 93 75 49 49
Female 7 25 51 51
Ethnic-minority background Less than 1 5 6 13
under 60 years of age 22 16 81 77
Average age 79 70 36 40
Privately educated 62 50 7 7
Graduated from Oxford or Cambridge University 35 38 Less than 1 Less than 1
Disabled 2 11 12 17
Page 09
PART B Question 6 (continued)SOURCE 3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300Number of Peers
0 ndash 29
30 ndash 39
40 ndash 49
50 ndash 59
60 ndash 69
70 ndash 79
80 ndash 89
90 ndash 99
Age
Members of the House of Lords (Age range) 2015
House of Lords
The Mail TodayHouse of Lords can be useful
when opposing bills in the
Houses of Parliament
Statistics released recently indicated that the
House of Lords has just two peers under the
age of 40 but 29 are aged over 90 with Lord
Tyler stating the House of Lords was
ldquoLondonrsquos best day centre for the elderlyrdquo
with members able to claim up to pound300 per
day in expenses for just ldquoturning up and
shuffling offrdquo The StarNO NEED FOR CHANGE
DAILY BLOG
Ageing House of Lords
The Government has decided to scrap plans
for the introduction of new members to the
House of Lords due to a lack of enthusiasm
among the Members of both Houses as well as
the British public Although it argued that the
current unelected chamber was undemocratic
and in need of reform it was agreed that
reforms which had already taken place were
sufficient for the present time
Electoral Reform of the House of Lords
UK TodayLabour has stated that if elected in the next
General Election then they will reform the
House of Lords replacing the current House
with an elected Senate of the Nations and
Regions whilst also removing all remaining
hereditary peers The Conservatives have
stated that they aim to ensure that the
House of Lords continues to carry out the
valuable role in scrutinising and revising
legislation
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Morag Watt is selective in the use of facts
The House of Lords is in need of further reformView of Morag Watt
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsMoragWattrsquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesMoragWattrsquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 10
MARKSSECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part C mdash Social Inequality on pages 10ndash13
OR
Part D mdash Crime and the Law on pages 14ndash17
PART C mdash SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 7 and 8 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 7
Groups that experience inequality within society
Women Ethnic Minorities Elderly
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways the Government has tried to reduce the inequalities experienced by the group you have chosen
Question 8
Some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
4
6
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 03
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 04
PART A (continued)
Question 3
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Extracts from a report on Scottish political attitudes
ldquoPeople in Scotland have many opportunities to participate in politics for example voting in local authority and European Parliament elections There has been concern that fewer are taking part in the political process Most people still see voting as important but in the last three General Elections (2005 2010 2015) between 30 and 41 of the Scottish electorate didnrsquot vote Political parties are interested in finding out the reasons for this
Younger voters have significantly lower turnout rates at elections than the middle-aged and elderly Since 2001 no General Election has seen more than 50 of young people turn out to vote Traditional forms of participation are less appealing to young people but they are taking part in politics in new ways such as petitioning boycotts demonstrations and online activity such as blogging and internet campaigning
Engagement in politics can be measured by looking at membership of the main political parties The Green Party and the SNP have experienced increases in their membership over the last decade while the ldquotraditionalrdquo parties (Conservative Labour and Liberal Democrats) have seen a reduction in membershiprdquo
SOURCE 2
Scottish Turnout in Elections
Westminster
Holyrood
European
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
1009080706050403020100
Year
Turn
out
()
who have taken part in selected activities by age
18ndash29 30ndash59 60+Signed petition 36 34 30Gone on a protest or demonstration 10 7 6Contacted radio TV or newspaper 3 5 10Contacted your MP 5 17 20
Page 05
PART A Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
Glasgow 75
Stirling 90middot1
Dundee 78middot8
East Dunbartonshire 91
East Renfrewshire 90middot4
ScotlandDecides
NO
Party membership changed - SNP membership
prior to the referendum was 26000 and by
April 2015 it was 105000
65 of Scots say they had ldquolots of conversations
with family and friendsrdquo about the referendum
compared with 29 who had not 11 said that
they had contributed to an online discussion
and 9 had attended a public meeting Social
media was the most popular place for under-18rsquos
to turn to for information with 64 using this
EVENING STARReferendum Discussion
The TribunePARTY FIGURES
NO 55YES 45
Final Result
Turnout in the Scottish Independence Referendum(by selected Local Authority)
In meeting the promise to grant more
powers to Scotland after the referendum
far more people trust the SNP (37) to
Labour (15) the Conservatives (8)
and the Liberal Democrats (1) combined
the DAILY ALBASCOTTISH POWERS
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Ross Monroe is selective in the use of facts
There are high levels of political participation in Scotland
View of Ross Monroe
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsRossMonroersquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesRossMonroersquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 06
MARKSPART B mdash DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
In your answers to Questions 4 and 5 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 4
In General Elections political parties campaign in many ways
Describe in detail two ways in which political parties campaign during General Elections
Question 5
First Past the Post has several disadvantages
Explain in detail the disadvantages of First Past the Post
You should give a maximum of three disadvantages in your answer
4
8
Page 07
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 08
PART B (continued)
Question 6
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Composition of the House of Lords
The House of Commons and the House of Lords make up the two Chambers in the UK Parliament In recent years some changes have been made to the composition of the Lords In 1995 over half of those who sat in the House of Lords were hereditary peers (this means they inherited their seat in the Lords from their father) The total number of Lords has changed and currently there are about 790 members none of whom are directly elected by the public
By 1997 about 36 of the House of Lords were appointed as a Lord for the length of their life (a life peer) Today approximately 90 of Lords are life peers Many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament in the fields of medicine law business science sport and education to name a few areas
Although women have only been allowed to sit in the House of Lords since 1958 the Lords Speaker is currently a woman Baroness DrsquoSouza It is her job to oversee the business in the House of Lords She has a special interest in human rights and development issues Since 2000 36 of newly appointed members have been women 21 have been ethnic minorities and 10 have been disabled
SOURCE 2
Comparison of selected factors in the House of Lords and the UK population
House of Lords UK population
1995 2015 1995 2015
Male 93 75 49 49
Female 7 25 51 51
Ethnic-minority background Less than 1 5 6 13
under 60 years of age 22 16 81 77
Average age 79 70 36 40
Privately educated 62 50 7 7
Graduated from Oxford or Cambridge University 35 38 Less than 1 Less than 1
Disabled 2 11 12 17
Page 09
PART B Question 6 (continued)SOURCE 3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300Number of Peers
0 ndash 29
30 ndash 39
40 ndash 49
50 ndash 59
60 ndash 69
70 ndash 79
80 ndash 89
90 ndash 99
Age
Members of the House of Lords (Age range) 2015
House of Lords
The Mail TodayHouse of Lords can be useful
when opposing bills in the
Houses of Parliament
Statistics released recently indicated that the
House of Lords has just two peers under the
age of 40 but 29 are aged over 90 with Lord
Tyler stating the House of Lords was
ldquoLondonrsquos best day centre for the elderlyrdquo
with members able to claim up to pound300 per
day in expenses for just ldquoturning up and
shuffling offrdquo The StarNO NEED FOR CHANGE
DAILY BLOG
Ageing House of Lords
The Government has decided to scrap plans
for the introduction of new members to the
House of Lords due to a lack of enthusiasm
among the Members of both Houses as well as
the British public Although it argued that the
current unelected chamber was undemocratic
and in need of reform it was agreed that
reforms which had already taken place were
sufficient for the present time
Electoral Reform of the House of Lords
UK TodayLabour has stated that if elected in the next
General Election then they will reform the
House of Lords replacing the current House
with an elected Senate of the Nations and
Regions whilst also removing all remaining
hereditary peers The Conservatives have
stated that they aim to ensure that the
House of Lords continues to carry out the
valuable role in scrutinising and revising
legislation
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Morag Watt is selective in the use of facts
The House of Lords is in need of further reformView of Morag Watt
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsMoragWattrsquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesMoragWattrsquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 10
MARKSSECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part C mdash Social Inequality on pages 10ndash13
OR
Part D mdash Crime and the Law on pages 14ndash17
PART C mdash SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 7 and 8 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 7
Groups that experience inequality within society
Women Ethnic Minorities Elderly
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways the Government has tried to reduce the inequalities experienced by the group you have chosen
Question 8
Some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
4
6
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 04
PART A (continued)
Question 3
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Extracts from a report on Scottish political attitudes
ldquoPeople in Scotland have many opportunities to participate in politics for example voting in local authority and European Parliament elections There has been concern that fewer are taking part in the political process Most people still see voting as important but in the last three General Elections (2005 2010 2015) between 30 and 41 of the Scottish electorate didnrsquot vote Political parties are interested in finding out the reasons for this
Younger voters have significantly lower turnout rates at elections than the middle-aged and elderly Since 2001 no General Election has seen more than 50 of young people turn out to vote Traditional forms of participation are less appealing to young people but they are taking part in politics in new ways such as petitioning boycotts demonstrations and online activity such as blogging and internet campaigning
Engagement in politics can be measured by looking at membership of the main political parties The Green Party and the SNP have experienced increases in their membership over the last decade while the ldquotraditionalrdquo parties (Conservative Labour and Liberal Democrats) have seen a reduction in membershiprdquo
SOURCE 2
Scottish Turnout in Elections
Westminster
Holyrood
European
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
1009080706050403020100
Year
Turn
out
()
who have taken part in selected activities by age
18ndash29 30ndash59 60+Signed petition 36 34 30Gone on a protest or demonstration 10 7 6Contacted radio TV or newspaper 3 5 10Contacted your MP 5 17 20
Page 05
PART A Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
Glasgow 75
Stirling 90middot1
Dundee 78middot8
East Dunbartonshire 91
East Renfrewshire 90middot4
ScotlandDecides
NO
Party membership changed - SNP membership
prior to the referendum was 26000 and by
April 2015 it was 105000
65 of Scots say they had ldquolots of conversations
with family and friendsrdquo about the referendum
compared with 29 who had not 11 said that
they had contributed to an online discussion
and 9 had attended a public meeting Social
media was the most popular place for under-18rsquos
to turn to for information with 64 using this
EVENING STARReferendum Discussion
The TribunePARTY FIGURES
NO 55YES 45
Final Result
Turnout in the Scottish Independence Referendum(by selected Local Authority)
In meeting the promise to grant more
powers to Scotland after the referendum
far more people trust the SNP (37) to
Labour (15) the Conservatives (8)
and the Liberal Democrats (1) combined
the DAILY ALBASCOTTISH POWERS
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Ross Monroe is selective in the use of facts
There are high levels of political participation in Scotland
View of Ross Monroe
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsRossMonroersquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesRossMonroersquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 06
MARKSPART B mdash DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
In your answers to Questions 4 and 5 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 4
In General Elections political parties campaign in many ways
Describe in detail two ways in which political parties campaign during General Elections
Question 5
First Past the Post has several disadvantages
Explain in detail the disadvantages of First Past the Post
You should give a maximum of three disadvantages in your answer
4
8
Page 07
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 08
PART B (continued)
Question 6
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Composition of the House of Lords
The House of Commons and the House of Lords make up the two Chambers in the UK Parliament In recent years some changes have been made to the composition of the Lords In 1995 over half of those who sat in the House of Lords were hereditary peers (this means they inherited their seat in the Lords from their father) The total number of Lords has changed and currently there are about 790 members none of whom are directly elected by the public
By 1997 about 36 of the House of Lords were appointed as a Lord for the length of their life (a life peer) Today approximately 90 of Lords are life peers Many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament in the fields of medicine law business science sport and education to name a few areas
Although women have only been allowed to sit in the House of Lords since 1958 the Lords Speaker is currently a woman Baroness DrsquoSouza It is her job to oversee the business in the House of Lords She has a special interest in human rights and development issues Since 2000 36 of newly appointed members have been women 21 have been ethnic minorities and 10 have been disabled
SOURCE 2
Comparison of selected factors in the House of Lords and the UK population
House of Lords UK population
1995 2015 1995 2015
Male 93 75 49 49
Female 7 25 51 51
Ethnic-minority background Less than 1 5 6 13
under 60 years of age 22 16 81 77
Average age 79 70 36 40
Privately educated 62 50 7 7
Graduated from Oxford or Cambridge University 35 38 Less than 1 Less than 1
Disabled 2 11 12 17
Page 09
PART B Question 6 (continued)SOURCE 3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300Number of Peers
0 ndash 29
30 ndash 39
40 ndash 49
50 ndash 59
60 ndash 69
70 ndash 79
80 ndash 89
90 ndash 99
Age
Members of the House of Lords (Age range) 2015
House of Lords
The Mail TodayHouse of Lords can be useful
when opposing bills in the
Houses of Parliament
Statistics released recently indicated that the
House of Lords has just two peers under the
age of 40 but 29 are aged over 90 with Lord
Tyler stating the House of Lords was
ldquoLondonrsquos best day centre for the elderlyrdquo
with members able to claim up to pound300 per
day in expenses for just ldquoturning up and
shuffling offrdquo The StarNO NEED FOR CHANGE
DAILY BLOG
Ageing House of Lords
The Government has decided to scrap plans
for the introduction of new members to the
House of Lords due to a lack of enthusiasm
among the Members of both Houses as well as
the British public Although it argued that the
current unelected chamber was undemocratic
and in need of reform it was agreed that
reforms which had already taken place were
sufficient for the present time
Electoral Reform of the House of Lords
UK TodayLabour has stated that if elected in the next
General Election then they will reform the
House of Lords replacing the current House
with an elected Senate of the Nations and
Regions whilst also removing all remaining
hereditary peers The Conservatives have
stated that they aim to ensure that the
House of Lords continues to carry out the
valuable role in scrutinising and revising
legislation
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Morag Watt is selective in the use of facts
The House of Lords is in need of further reformView of Morag Watt
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsMoragWattrsquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesMoragWattrsquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 10
MARKSSECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part C mdash Social Inequality on pages 10ndash13
OR
Part D mdash Crime and the Law on pages 14ndash17
PART C mdash SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 7 and 8 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 7
Groups that experience inequality within society
Women Ethnic Minorities Elderly
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways the Government has tried to reduce the inequalities experienced by the group you have chosen
Question 8
Some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
4
6
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 05
PART A Question 3 (continued)
SOURCE 3
Glasgow 75
Stirling 90middot1
Dundee 78middot8
East Dunbartonshire 91
East Renfrewshire 90middot4
ScotlandDecides
NO
Party membership changed - SNP membership
prior to the referendum was 26000 and by
April 2015 it was 105000
65 of Scots say they had ldquolots of conversations
with family and friendsrdquo about the referendum
compared with 29 who had not 11 said that
they had contributed to an online discussion
and 9 had attended a public meeting Social
media was the most popular place for under-18rsquos
to turn to for information with 64 using this
EVENING STARReferendum Discussion
The TribunePARTY FIGURES
NO 55YES 45
Final Result
Turnout in the Scottish Independence Referendum(by selected Local Authority)
In meeting the promise to grant more
powers to Scotland after the referendum
far more people trust the SNP (37) to
Labour (15) the Conservatives (8)
and the Liberal Democrats (1) combined
the DAILY ALBASCOTTISH POWERS
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Ross Monroe is selective in the use of facts
There are high levels of political participation in Scotland
View of Ross Monroe
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsRossMonroersquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesRossMonroersquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 06
MARKSPART B mdash DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
In your answers to Questions 4 and 5 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 4
In General Elections political parties campaign in many ways
Describe in detail two ways in which political parties campaign during General Elections
Question 5
First Past the Post has several disadvantages
Explain in detail the disadvantages of First Past the Post
You should give a maximum of three disadvantages in your answer
4
8
Page 07
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 08
PART B (continued)
Question 6
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Composition of the House of Lords
The House of Commons and the House of Lords make up the two Chambers in the UK Parliament In recent years some changes have been made to the composition of the Lords In 1995 over half of those who sat in the House of Lords were hereditary peers (this means they inherited their seat in the Lords from their father) The total number of Lords has changed and currently there are about 790 members none of whom are directly elected by the public
By 1997 about 36 of the House of Lords were appointed as a Lord for the length of their life (a life peer) Today approximately 90 of Lords are life peers Many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament in the fields of medicine law business science sport and education to name a few areas
Although women have only been allowed to sit in the House of Lords since 1958 the Lords Speaker is currently a woman Baroness DrsquoSouza It is her job to oversee the business in the House of Lords She has a special interest in human rights and development issues Since 2000 36 of newly appointed members have been women 21 have been ethnic minorities and 10 have been disabled
SOURCE 2
Comparison of selected factors in the House of Lords and the UK population
House of Lords UK population
1995 2015 1995 2015
Male 93 75 49 49
Female 7 25 51 51
Ethnic-minority background Less than 1 5 6 13
under 60 years of age 22 16 81 77
Average age 79 70 36 40
Privately educated 62 50 7 7
Graduated from Oxford or Cambridge University 35 38 Less than 1 Less than 1
Disabled 2 11 12 17
Page 09
PART B Question 6 (continued)SOURCE 3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300Number of Peers
0 ndash 29
30 ndash 39
40 ndash 49
50 ndash 59
60 ndash 69
70 ndash 79
80 ndash 89
90 ndash 99
Age
Members of the House of Lords (Age range) 2015
House of Lords
The Mail TodayHouse of Lords can be useful
when opposing bills in the
Houses of Parliament
Statistics released recently indicated that the
House of Lords has just two peers under the
age of 40 but 29 are aged over 90 with Lord
Tyler stating the House of Lords was
ldquoLondonrsquos best day centre for the elderlyrdquo
with members able to claim up to pound300 per
day in expenses for just ldquoturning up and
shuffling offrdquo The StarNO NEED FOR CHANGE
DAILY BLOG
Ageing House of Lords
The Government has decided to scrap plans
for the introduction of new members to the
House of Lords due to a lack of enthusiasm
among the Members of both Houses as well as
the British public Although it argued that the
current unelected chamber was undemocratic
and in need of reform it was agreed that
reforms which had already taken place were
sufficient for the present time
Electoral Reform of the House of Lords
UK TodayLabour has stated that if elected in the next
General Election then they will reform the
House of Lords replacing the current House
with an elected Senate of the Nations and
Regions whilst also removing all remaining
hereditary peers The Conservatives have
stated that they aim to ensure that the
House of Lords continues to carry out the
valuable role in scrutinising and revising
legislation
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Morag Watt is selective in the use of facts
The House of Lords is in need of further reformView of Morag Watt
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsMoragWattrsquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesMoragWattrsquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 10
MARKSSECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part C mdash Social Inequality on pages 10ndash13
OR
Part D mdash Crime and the Law on pages 14ndash17
PART C mdash SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 7 and 8 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 7
Groups that experience inequality within society
Women Ethnic Minorities Elderly
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways the Government has tried to reduce the inequalities experienced by the group you have chosen
Question 8
Some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
4
6
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 06
MARKSPART B mdash DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
In your answers to Questions 4 and 5 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 4
In General Elections political parties campaign in many ways
Describe in detail two ways in which political parties campaign during General Elections
Question 5
First Past the Post has several disadvantages
Explain in detail the disadvantages of First Past the Post
You should give a maximum of three disadvantages in your answer
4
8
Page 07
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 08
PART B (continued)
Question 6
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Composition of the House of Lords
The House of Commons and the House of Lords make up the two Chambers in the UK Parliament In recent years some changes have been made to the composition of the Lords In 1995 over half of those who sat in the House of Lords were hereditary peers (this means they inherited their seat in the Lords from their father) The total number of Lords has changed and currently there are about 790 members none of whom are directly elected by the public
By 1997 about 36 of the House of Lords were appointed as a Lord for the length of their life (a life peer) Today approximately 90 of Lords are life peers Many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament in the fields of medicine law business science sport and education to name a few areas
Although women have only been allowed to sit in the House of Lords since 1958 the Lords Speaker is currently a woman Baroness DrsquoSouza It is her job to oversee the business in the House of Lords She has a special interest in human rights and development issues Since 2000 36 of newly appointed members have been women 21 have been ethnic minorities and 10 have been disabled
SOURCE 2
Comparison of selected factors in the House of Lords and the UK population
House of Lords UK population
1995 2015 1995 2015
Male 93 75 49 49
Female 7 25 51 51
Ethnic-minority background Less than 1 5 6 13
under 60 years of age 22 16 81 77
Average age 79 70 36 40
Privately educated 62 50 7 7
Graduated from Oxford or Cambridge University 35 38 Less than 1 Less than 1
Disabled 2 11 12 17
Page 09
PART B Question 6 (continued)SOURCE 3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300Number of Peers
0 ndash 29
30 ndash 39
40 ndash 49
50 ndash 59
60 ndash 69
70 ndash 79
80 ndash 89
90 ndash 99
Age
Members of the House of Lords (Age range) 2015
House of Lords
The Mail TodayHouse of Lords can be useful
when opposing bills in the
Houses of Parliament
Statistics released recently indicated that the
House of Lords has just two peers under the
age of 40 but 29 are aged over 90 with Lord
Tyler stating the House of Lords was
ldquoLondonrsquos best day centre for the elderlyrdquo
with members able to claim up to pound300 per
day in expenses for just ldquoturning up and
shuffling offrdquo The StarNO NEED FOR CHANGE
DAILY BLOG
Ageing House of Lords
The Government has decided to scrap plans
for the introduction of new members to the
House of Lords due to a lack of enthusiasm
among the Members of both Houses as well as
the British public Although it argued that the
current unelected chamber was undemocratic
and in need of reform it was agreed that
reforms which had already taken place were
sufficient for the present time
Electoral Reform of the House of Lords
UK TodayLabour has stated that if elected in the next
General Election then they will reform the
House of Lords replacing the current House
with an elected Senate of the Nations and
Regions whilst also removing all remaining
hereditary peers The Conservatives have
stated that they aim to ensure that the
House of Lords continues to carry out the
valuable role in scrutinising and revising
legislation
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Morag Watt is selective in the use of facts
The House of Lords is in need of further reformView of Morag Watt
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsMoragWattrsquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesMoragWattrsquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 10
MARKSSECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part C mdash Social Inequality on pages 10ndash13
OR
Part D mdash Crime and the Law on pages 14ndash17
PART C mdash SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 7 and 8 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 7
Groups that experience inequality within society
Women Ethnic Minorities Elderly
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways the Government has tried to reduce the inequalities experienced by the group you have chosen
Question 8
Some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
4
6
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 07
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 08
PART B (continued)
Question 6
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Composition of the House of Lords
The House of Commons and the House of Lords make up the two Chambers in the UK Parliament In recent years some changes have been made to the composition of the Lords In 1995 over half of those who sat in the House of Lords were hereditary peers (this means they inherited their seat in the Lords from their father) The total number of Lords has changed and currently there are about 790 members none of whom are directly elected by the public
By 1997 about 36 of the House of Lords were appointed as a Lord for the length of their life (a life peer) Today approximately 90 of Lords are life peers Many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament in the fields of medicine law business science sport and education to name a few areas
Although women have only been allowed to sit in the House of Lords since 1958 the Lords Speaker is currently a woman Baroness DrsquoSouza It is her job to oversee the business in the House of Lords She has a special interest in human rights and development issues Since 2000 36 of newly appointed members have been women 21 have been ethnic minorities and 10 have been disabled
SOURCE 2
Comparison of selected factors in the House of Lords and the UK population
House of Lords UK population
1995 2015 1995 2015
Male 93 75 49 49
Female 7 25 51 51
Ethnic-minority background Less than 1 5 6 13
under 60 years of age 22 16 81 77
Average age 79 70 36 40
Privately educated 62 50 7 7
Graduated from Oxford or Cambridge University 35 38 Less than 1 Less than 1
Disabled 2 11 12 17
Page 09
PART B Question 6 (continued)SOURCE 3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300Number of Peers
0 ndash 29
30 ndash 39
40 ndash 49
50 ndash 59
60 ndash 69
70 ndash 79
80 ndash 89
90 ndash 99
Age
Members of the House of Lords (Age range) 2015
House of Lords
The Mail TodayHouse of Lords can be useful
when opposing bills in the
Houses of Parliament
Statistics released recently indicated that the
House of Lords has just two peers under the
age of 40 but 29 are aged over 90 with Lord
Tyler stating the House of Lords was
ldquoLondonrsquos best day centre for the elderlyrdquo
with members able to claim up to pound300 per
day in expenses for just ldquoturning up and
shuffling offrdquo The StarNO NEED FOR CHANGE
DAILY BLOG
Ageing House of Lords
The Government has decided to scrap plans
for the introduction of new members to the
House of Lords due to a lack of enthusiasm
among the Members of both Houses as well as
the British public Although it argued that the
current unelected chamber was undemocratic
and in need of reform it was agreed that
reforms which had already taken place were
sufficient for the present time
Electoral Reform of the House of Lords
UK TodayLabour has stated that if elected in the next
General Election then they will reform the
House of Lords replacing the current House
with an elected Senate of the Nations and
Regions whilst also removing all remaining
hereditary peers The Conservatives have
stated that they aim to ensure that the
House of Lords continues to carry out the
valuable role in scrutinising and revising
legislation
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Morag Watt is selective in the use of facts
The House of Lords is in need of further reformView of Morag Watt
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsMoragWattrsquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesMoragWattrsquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 10
MARKSSECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part C mdash Social Inequality on pages 10ndash13
OR
Part D mdash Crime and the Law on pages 14ndash17
PART C mdash SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 7 and 8 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 7
Groups that experience inequality within society
Women Ethnic Minorities Elderly
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways the Government has tried to reduce the inequalities experienced by the group you have chosen
Question 8
Some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
4
6
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 08
PART B (continued)
Question 6
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Composition of the House of Lords
The House of Commons and the House of Lords make up the two Chambers in the UK Parliament In recent years some changes have been made to the composition of the Lords In 1995 over half of those who sat in the House of Lords were hereditary peers (this means they inherited their seat in the Lords from their father) The total number of Lords has changed and currently there are about 790 members none of whom are directly elected by the public
By 1997 about 36 of the House of Lords were appointed as a Lord for the length of their life (a life peer) Today approximately 90 of Lords are life peers Many Lords bring great experience and expertise to Parliament in the fields of medicine law business science sport and education to name a few areas
Although women have only been allowed to sit in the House of Lords since 1958 the Lords Speaker is currently a woman Baroness DrsquoSouza It is her job to oversee the business in the House of Lords She has a special interest in human rights and development issues Since 2000 36 of newly appointed members have been women 21 have been ethnic minorities and 10 have been disabled
SOURCE 2
Comparison of selected factors in the House of Lords and the UK population
House of Lords UK population
1995 2015 1995 2015
Male 93 75 49 49
Female 7 25 51 51
Ethnic-minority background Less than 1 5 6 13
under 60 years of age 22 16 81 77
Average age 79 70 36 40
Privately educated 62 50 7 7
Graduated from Oxford or Cambridge University 35 38 Less than 1 Less than 1
Disabled 2 11 12 17
Page 09
PART B Question 6 (continued)SOURCE 3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300Number of Peers
0 ndash 29
30 ndash 39
40 ndash 49
50 ndash 59
60 ndash 69
70 ndash 79
80 ndash 89
90 ndash 99
Age
Members of the House of Lords (Age range) 2015
House of Lords
The Mail TodayHouse of Lords can be useful
when opposing bills in the
Houses of Parliament
Statistics released recently indicated that the
House of Lords has just two peers under the
age of 40 but 29 are aged over 90 with Lord
Tyler stating the House of Lords was
ldquoLondonrsquos best day centre for the elderlyrdquo
with members able to claim up to pound300 per
day in expenses for just ldquoturning up and
shuffling offrdquo The StarNO NEED FOR CHANGE
DAILY BLOG
Ageing House of Lords
The Government has decided to scrap plans
for the introduction of new members to the
House of Lords due to a lack of enthusiasm
among the Members of both Houses as well as
the British public Although it argued that the
current unelected chamber was undemocratic
and in need of reform it was agreed that
reforms which had already taken place were
sufficient for the present time
Electoral Reform of the House of Lords
UK TodayLabour has stated that if elected in the next
General Election then they will reform the
House of Lords replacing the current House
with an elected Senate of the Nations and
Regions whilst also removing all remaining
hereditary peers The Conservatives have
stated that they aim to ensure that the
House of Lords continues to carry out the
valuable role in scrutinising and revising
legislation
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Morag Watt is selective in the use of facts
The House of Lords is in need of further reformView of Morag Watt
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsMoragWattrsquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesMoragWattrsquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 10
MARKSSECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part C mdash Social Inequality on pages 10ndash13
OR
Part D mdash Crime and the Law on pages 14ndash17
PART C mdash SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 7 and 8 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 7
Groups that experience inequality within society
Women Ethnic Minorities Elderly
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways the Government has tried to reduce the inequalities experienced by the group you have chosen
Question 8
Some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
4
6
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 09
PART B Question 6 (continued)SOURCE 3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300Number of Peers
0 ndash 29
30 ndash 39
40 ndash 49
50 ndash 59
60 ndash 69
70 ndash 79
80 ndash 89
90 ndash 99
Age
Members of the House of Lords (Age range) 2015
House of Lords
The Mail TodayHouse of Lords can be useful
when opposing bills in the
Houses of Parliament
Statistics released recently indicated that the
House of Lords has just two peers under the
age of 40 but 29 are aged over 90 with Lord
Tyler stating the House of Lords was
ldquoLondonrsquos best day centre for the elderlyrdquo
with members able to claim up to pound300 per
day in expenses for just ldquoturning up and
shuffling offrdquo The StarNO NEED FOR CHANGE
DAILY BLOG
Ageing House of Lords
The Government has decided to scrap plans
for the introduction of new members to the
House of Lords due to a lack of enthusiasm
among the Members of both Houses as well as
the British public Although it argued that the
current unelected chamber was undemocratic
and in need of reform it was agreed that
reforms which had already taken place were
sufficient for the present time
Electoral Reform of the House of Lords
UK TodayLabour has stated that if elected in the next
General Election then they will reform the
House of Lords replacing the current House
with an elected Senate of the Nations and
Regions whilst also removing all remaining
hereditary peers The Conservatives have
stated that they aim to ensure that the
House of Lords continues to carry out the
valuable role in scrutinising and revising
legislation
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 explain why the view of Morag Watt is selective in the use of facts
The House of Lords is in need of further reformView of Morag Watt
In your answer you must
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatsupportsMoragWattrsquosview
and
bull giveevidencefromthesourcesthatopposesMoragWattrsquosview
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE 10
8
MARKS
Page 10
MARKSSECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part C mdash Social Inequality on pages 10ndash13
OR
Part D mdash Crime and the Law on pages 14ndash17
PART C mdash SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 7 and 8 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 7
Groups that experience inequality within society
Women Ethnic Minorities Elderly
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways the Government has tried to reduce the inequalities experienced by the group you have chosen
Question 8
Some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
4
6
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 10
MARKSSECTION 2 mdash SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part C mdash Social Inequality on pages 10ndash13
OR
Part D mdash Crime and the Law on pages 14ndash17
PART C mdash SOCIAL INEQUALITY
In your answers to Questions 7 and 8 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 7
Groups that experience inequality within society
Women Ethnic Minorities Elderly
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways the Government has tried to reduce the inequalities experienced by the group you have chosen
Question 8
Some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people in the UK have a better standard of living than others
4
6
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 11
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 12
PART C (continued)
Question 9
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are an adviser to the UK Government You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks in the UK
Option 1
Introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
Option 2
Do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks
SOURCE 1
Fizz Tax Factfile
The UK Government is examining a proposal that would see an introduction of an extra 20 Fizz Tax on sugary drinks These drinks are currently taxed at the standard rate of 20 VAT
bull Inthe last10yearsthesugarcontentofdrinkshasfallenby9butobesityrateshaveincreased by 15
bull More than 60 organisations back the proposal to introduce a Fizz Tax including theAssociation for the Study of Obesity and the British Dental Health Association
bull Thereareovera100softdrinksproducersintheUKbull A20FizzTaxperlitrewouldraisepound1billionayearfortheNHSbull 61ofsoftdrinksnowcontainnoaddedsugarandtheindustryislookingatotherways
of reducing sugar content and introducing smaller packagingbull Studieshavefoundthatconsumptionofsugarydrinkswouldonlydecreaseamongstthe
middle class the poor within society would not reduce their consumption bull TaxhasbeenusedtodiscouragesmokingandtheUKnowhasoneofthelowestsmoking
rates of 23bull Over145billionlitresofsoftdrinkswereconsumedin2013intheUKbull AFizzTaxaccordingtotheBritishMedicalJournalwouldreducethenumberofobese
and overweight people in the UK by 285000 reduce the number of diabetes cases by 2middot4m and see an average adult lose 3middot5kg in one year
bull Onestudyfoundthata10taxonsugarydrinkscouldleadtoa7fall inconsumptionrate 20 tax would decrease consumption by 15
bull InDenmark theGovernment reversed theirFizzTaxafter sixmonthsasDanishcitizenssimply drove across the border into Germany to buy cheaper sugary drinks
SOURCE 2
Strongly Agree
AgreeDisagree
Strongly DisagreeNo Opinion
Drink Same
Drink Less
Stop Drinking
Donrsquot Know
What is your opinion on the introduction of a ldquoFizz Taxrdquo on sugary
drinks
How would your consumption of sugary drinks change if the
price increased
Public Opinion Survey on the Introduction of a Fizz Tax in the UK
20
24
17
18
35
30
5
23
28
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 13
MARKSPART C Question 9 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Obesity Rates in Selected Countries Implementing a Fizz Tax
Country Before Fizz Tax Introduced
After Fizz Tax Introduced
Mexico 33 32USA 30 33Denmark 18 18Norway 29 22Hungary 29 28France 19 18
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
There is widespread support for a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks This is a common strategy used by other countries experiencing an obesity epidemic that has worked The reality is that the problems associated with the consumption of sugary drinks have created a mini health time bomb in the UK that must be dealt with Denmarkrsquos problems with the Fizz Tax are unlikely to occur in the UK as it is not practical to shop in other countries The taxing of unhealthy lifestyle choices has clearly worked in the past and the Fizz Tax would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks The money raised from the introduction of this tax could be used to tackle many of the health related issues such as dental decay diabetes and obesity It could also be used to provide free and healthy meals to all school children It would also go a long way to reduce the UKrsquos present obesity rate of 27
Ashley Rodgers Supporter of the Fizz Tax
I strongly believe that the introduction of a Fizz Tax would not help deal with the serious issue of obesity in the UK and is not supported by the general public Sugary drinks only contribute 2 of the total calories of the average UK diet One study has found that the introduction of such a tax would have little impact on the groups with the highest rates of obesity those in deprived communities The drinks industry recognises it has a role to play in fighting obesity and we have already started to take action The introduction of a Fizz Tax has not worked in other countries as their obesity rates remain high The introduction of a Fizz Tax would also discriminate against poorer families who drink more fizzy juice
Steven Stark Opponent of the Fizz Tax
You must decide which option to recommend either introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 1) or do not introduce a Fizz Tax on sugary drinks (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 14
MARKSPART D mdash CRIME AND THE LAw
In your answers to Questions 10 and 11 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom
Question 10
Groups that tackle crime in the UK
Government Police Courts
Choose one of the groups above or any other group you have studied
Describe in detail two ways in which the group you have chosen has tried to tackle crime in the UK
Question 11
Some people are affected by crime more than others
Explain in detail two reasons why some people are affected by crime more than others
4
6
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 15
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 16
PART D (continued)
Question 12
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
You are a government adviser You have been asked to recommend whether or not the United Kingdom Government should ban Legal Highs
Option 1
Ban Legal Highs
Option 2
Do not ban Legal Highs
SOURCE 1
Legal Highs Factfile
The UK Government is currently examining legislation that will control the sale and use of ldquolegal highsrdquo A legal high contains one or more chemical substances which produce similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine cannabis and ecstasy These drugs are often included in everyday household products and are often labelled ldquonot for human consumptionrdquo Legal highs are often seen as ldquodesigner drugsrdquo and can be easily bought and sold online
bull LegalhighsarecurrentlynotcoveredbytheMisuseofDrugsAct1971bull SomeEUcountrieshavealreadypassed legislationcontrolling the saleanduseof legal
highs bull Therewasamassdemonstrationagainsttheproposedlegislationduetotheinclusionof
nitrous oxide otherwise known as laughing gas within the bill Nitrous oxide is commonly used as anaesthetic during dentistry childbirth and as a mood enhancer
bull Legalhighshavebeenlinkedtohospitaladmissionsforthingssuchaspoisoningmentalhealth issues and in extreme cases death
bull Despitethemediaattentionaroundhalfofyoungpeoplehaveneverexperimentedwithlegal highs
bull The government are looking at a bill thatwillmake it illegal to sell any ldquopsychoactivesubstancesrdquo other than alcohol caffeine and nicotine
bull Therehasbeenlittleornoresearchintothelongtermorshorttermrisksoftakinglegalhighs
bull TheUKhasthemostsevereproblemwithlegalhighsinWesternEuropewithsignificantnumbers of young people regularly admitting to taking legal highs
bull Many health experts argue banning legal highs will not prevent people taking themeducating people on the danger of these substances would be more beneficial
bull Undertheproposedlegislationpossessionwillremainlegalsolongasthereisnointentto supply the bill could mean up to seven years in prison for people who provide drugs to others
SOURCE 2
Did you know that legal highs could result in death ()
How often do you take legal highs ()
Never
Once a week
No
Yes
Only once
Once a month
Survey of 16ndash25 year olds on legal highs
34 28
53
910
66
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 17
MARKSPART D Question 12 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
Deaths as a result of legal highs12011010090807060504030201002010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
UK
EU Average
Ireland
Finland
Number of deaths
SOURCE 3
Viewpoints
Control and monitoring of legal highs is very difficult Current laws mean that decisions on whether a product is allowed to be sold are made on a case by case basis Often new versions are created and sold just as fast as the government can ban them This makes it difficult to monitor and police
The governmentrsquos plan for a blanket ban on legal highs is impractical and not supported by everyone The Irish government banned legal highs after a number of deaths linked to their use however this did not reduce deaths and was unsuccessful
Anna Drummond Youth worker
More of my time as a paramedic is being taken up dealing with the consequences of legal highs The misuse of these drugs diverts our attention from cases that are much more important
Legal highs are becoming increasingly popular particularly among young people who assume ldquolegalrdquo means ldquosaferdquo Young people have become much more aware of the health risks of illegal drugs and we see fewer young people addicted to drugs like heroin However lots of people are unaware of the dangers of legal highs
Mandeep Khan Paramedic
You must decide which option to recommend either ban Legal Highs (Option 1) or do not ban Legal Highs (Option 2)
(i) Using Sources 1 2 and 3 which option would you choose
(ii) Give reasons to support your choice
(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option
Your answer must be based on all three sources
NOw GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE 18
10
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 18
MARKSSECTION 3 mdash INTERNATIONAL ISSUES mdash 20 marks
Attempt ONE part either
Part E mdash world Powers on pages 18ndash21
OR
Part F mdash world Issues on pages 22ndash25
PART E mdash wORLD POwERS
In your answers to Questions 13 and 14 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied
Question 13
The citizens of every world power have political rights
Describe in detail two political rights that the citizens have in the world power you have studied
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
Question 14
World powers have the ability to influence other countries
Explain in detail two reasons why the world power you have studied has the ability to influence other countries
In your answer you must state the world power you have studied
6
6
Page 19
[Turn over for next question
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Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
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Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
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Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
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Page 19
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
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Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
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Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 20
PART E (continued)
Question 15
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Problems facing Japan in 2015
Manypeople thinkJapan is incrisis Itsproblems includeaweakeconomy radiation fromnuclear power plants an extremely unpopular government and a rapidly changing population structureAllofthesethingsarelongtermproblemswhichareaffectingJapanesestandardsof living
Since the economic crisis that hit the world in 2008 low incomes have become a problem It isestimated that16ofall Japanesepeopleare livingbelow thepoverty lineMany largeelectronics companies have seen their profits fall Average income went from 37185 US dollars in 2008 to 34822 US dollars in 2011
One third of single women now live in poverty Although 12 million women work over half are in part-time jobs receiving small salaries Increased poverty and a different population structure will make old age pensions and elderly care very expensive in the future By the middle of this century over one third of the population will be collecting their old age pension
DespitealltheproblemsfacingmodernJapanmanypeoplepointtoitsstrengthsIthad22crimes per 1000 people in 2014 It remains the third largest economy in the world where some people still enjoy an extremely high standard of living
SOURCE 2
Additional statistics ndash Selected Countries
People in poverty ()
Crimes per 1000 people
Home ownership ()
Internet access per
1000 people
Germany 15 79 44 841
Argentina 30 36 67 599
South Korea 165 32 54 865
Italy 196 39 74 585
France 8 61 64 819
European Union 8 80 71 848
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
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[BLANK PAGE]
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Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
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Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 21
MARKSPART E Question 15 (continued)
SOURCE 2 (continued)
65 years of age and overAged 15ndash64
14 years of age and under
1989 2010 2030 (estimated)
2055 (estimated)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
enta
ge
Year
JapanrsquoschangingPopulationStructure
SOURCE 3
HappinessLevelsinJapan
Very Happy 23
Quite Happy 49
Not VeryHappy
or not at allHappy 28
Better Life Index Study
According to the Better Life Index the citizens of the worldrsquos third largest economy are not very happy even thoughJapanisoneofthesafestplacesintheworldtoliveJapanboastsoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesintheworld at 83 years In future this may be difficult to maintain as the proportion of the population paying tax fallsThe country continues to be at the forefront of the electronics industry which employs many people Of every 1000 Japanese people 865 have access to theinternet Just over three quarters of Japanese peoplesaytheyaresatisfiedwiththeirhome61ofJapanesepeople own their own homes but housing has become much more expensive for young people due to the growing numbers of older people
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull TheproblemofcrimeinJapancomparedtoothercountriesbull TheeffectsofthechangingpopulationstructureinJapanbull ThecountrymostlikeJapan
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources 8
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
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[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
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Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 22
MARKSPART F mdash wORLD ISSUES
In your answers to Questions 16 and 17 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied
Question 16
People are affected by international conflicts and issues in many different ways
Describe in detail two ways in which people have been affected by an international conflict or issue you have studied
Question 17
The attempts of international organisations to tackle conflicts and issues are sometimes unsuccessful
Explain in detail two reasons why international organisations have either been successful or unsuccessful in tackling an international conflict or issue you have studied
6
6
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
8
Page 26
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 27
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 28
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 23
[Turn over for next question
DO NOT wRITE ON THIS PAGE
Page 24
PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
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PART F (continued)
Question 18
Study Sources 1 2 and 3 and then answer the question which follows
SOURCE 1
Ambiona outbreak in Central America 2014 Factfile
Ambiona virus is a severe and often fatal illness in humans The virus is transmitted to people from monkeys and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission
The outbreak in Central America in 2014 involved major urban and rural areas of three different countries At the moment 7 of Country X have contracted the virus 16 of Country Yrsquos population has the virus and 2 of Country Z have the virus
Current life expectancy in Country X is 55 years Country Y is 59 and in Country Z it is 62
In 2014 world governments set three aid targets to fight the Ambiona outbreak in Central America
bull The first aid target was to raise almost $1000 million in financial aid to combat theAmbiona crisis by 2017
bull Thesecondaid targetwas toemploya further100 trainednurses ineachof the threecountries
bull ThethirdaidtargetwastolimitthenumberofdeathscausedbyAmbionato4000
The additional aid they require is to be used to carefully check for any new cases undertake further medical research into the Ambiona virus ensure safe burials and further educate the population about the illness It would also be used to provide quality care from qualified medical staff which can improve a patientrsquos chance of survival and protective clothing for medical staff to prevent the spread of the disease
SOURCE 2
Health and Social Statistics in Central American Countries (December 2014)
Country Number of Ambiona Cases
Number of Deaths from Ambiona
Death Rates from Ambiona ()
Literacy Rate ()
Country X 2283 1412 62 72
Country Y 7719 3177 41 77
Country Z 7650 1742 23 83
Page 25
MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
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MARKSPART F Question 18 (continued)
SOURCE 3
world News
By the end of 2014 several Central American countries reported numerous cases of Ambiona which had led to a significant number of deaths The health care services in these countries have been placed under great strain as they struggle to control the outbreak of the virus World leaders have responded in setting aid targets and donating resources to help deal with the crisis
Millions($)
Donated
Year
Pledged
2014 2015 2016 2017
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Up to 2013 Country Z attracted a high number of foreign visitors leading to a successful tourist industry where many people were employed The average income in 2013was$9876comparedtonearneighboursCountryX(6767)andCountryY(5654)However the devastating Ambiona outbreak in 2014 has led to a slump in the tourist industry Hotels have closed the number of foreign visitors has sharply fallen and many workers have lost their jobs
Using Sources 1 2 and 3 what conclusions can be drawn
You should reach a conclusion about each of the following
bull Theprogressinachievingtheworldgovernmentsrsquofirstaidtarget
bull TheCentralAmericancountrymostaffectedbytheAmbionaoutbreakin2014
bull TherelationshipbetweenthestandardoflivingandAmbionadeathrates
Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources You should link information within and between the sources in support of your conclusions
Your answer must be based on all three sources
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
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