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ICChESAThe 1st International Conference

Chemical Engineering Sciences & Applications

ABSTRACT PROCEEDINGS

Banda Aceh, 18-19 September 2013Banda Aceh, 18-19 September 2013Banda Aceh, 18-19 September 2013

ISSN: 2338-6606

Editors:Editors:Dr. M. Dani Supardan (Indonesia)Dr. M. Dani Supardan (Indonesia)

Dr. Abrar Muslim (Indonesia)Dr. Abrar Muslim (Indonesia)Prof. Dr. Koichi Fujie (Japan)Prof. Dr. Koichi Fujie (Japan)

Prof. Dr. Tauq Yap Yun Hin (Malaysia)Prof. Dr. Tauq Yap Yun Hin (Malaysia)Prof. Dr. Waei Abdelmoez Mohamed (Egypt)Prof. Dr. Waei Abdelmoez Mohamed (Egypt)

Dr. Johan Fellner (Austria)Dr. Johan Fellner (Austria)

Editors:Dr. M. Dani Supardan (Indonesia)

Dr. Abrar Muslim (Indonesia)Prof. Dr. Koichi Fujie (Japan)

Prof. Dr. Tauq Yap Yun Hin (Malaysia)Prof. Dr. Waei Abdelmoez Mohamed (Egypt)

Dr. Johan Fellner (Austria)

Chemical Engineering DepartmentEngineering Faculty

Syiah Kuala University

YNUGraduate School of Environmental and

Information ScienceYokohama National University

Syiah Kuala University Press2013

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EDITORIAL BOARD

Editors:

Dr. M.Dani Supardan (Indonesia)

Dr.Abrar Muslim (Indonesia)

Prof.Dr. Koichi Fujie (Japan)

Prof.Dr. Taufiq Yap Yun Hin (Malaysia)

Prof.Dr. Wael Abdelmoez Mohamed (Egypt)

Dr.Johann Fellner (Austria)

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THE COMMITTEE OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. Bastian Arifin (Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Medyan Riza (Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Husin Ismayanda (Indonesia)

Dr. Komala Pontas (Indonesia)

Dr. Budiyono (Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Koichi Fujie (Japan)

Prof. Dr. Ichiro Naruse (Japan)

Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Daimon (Japan)

Prof. Dr. Hideto Matsuyama (Japan)

Prof. Dr. Taufiq Yap Yun Hin (Malaysia)

Prof.Dr.Wan Rosli Wan Daud (Malaysia)

Prof. Dr. Wael Abdelmoez Mohamed (Egypt)

Assc. Prof. Dr. Reza Yegani (Iran)

Prof. Dr. Moses Oludayo Tade (Australia)

Prof. Dr. Mkilaha Iddi S.N (Tanzania)

Dr. Johann Fellner (Austria)

Organizing Committee

Chairman : Dr. M. Faisal

Vice Chairman : Dr.Nasrul AR

Secretary : Mirna Rahmah Lubis, MS

Treasurer : Ir. Yanna Syamsuddin, M.Sc

Committee Members

1. Dr. M. Dani Supardan

2. Dr. Hesti Meilina

3. Dr. Adi Salamun

4. Dr. Husni Husin

5. Dr. Abrar Muslim

6. Zuhra, M.Sc.

7. Umi Fathanah, MT.

8. Dr. Cut Meurah Rosnelly

9. Pocut Nurul Alam, MT

10. Wahyu Rinaldi, M.Sc.

11. Dr. Farid Mulana

12. Lia Mairiza, MT.

13. T. Maimun, M. Eng.

14. Dr. Ir. Asri Gani

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WELCOME SPEECH FROM THE RECTOR

Assalammualaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,

In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful

May the peace, the mercy, and the blessings of Allah be upon you.

Distinguished Participants, Ladies and Gentlemen,

On behalf of Syiah Kuala University, I would like to welcome you all to the

1st International Conference on Chemical Engineering Sciences and

Applications 2013.

It is an honor for me to attend this conference, which is held at the first

time, of course beginning with lecturers from Chemical Engineering

Department of Syiah Kuala University. The conference event is unique in

that it springs up from the thinking how to share knowledge based on our

area of expertise. It is rewarded if Chemical Engineering lecturers would

not only share their creative ideas in the Faculty but also in a forum such as

this international conference. Because of the reason, this conference wants

to provide the forum to gather the ideas to implement innovative knowledge

into our daily activity successfully.

I sincerely hope this conference is inspiring and also one to be expected

again next time. The organizing committee is committed to make this

conference a success with its ready applications to not only university but

government. Therefore, I extend my greetings to all parties who may benefit

from the conference to apply it in managing activities in their areas.

Currently, the Chemical Engineering Department of Syiah Kuala University

agree on topics: Food and Biochemical Engineering, Catalytic Reaction

Engineering, and much more. The topics come from the belief to

developclean energy technology for community welfare. There is an

argument put forward by many scholars that we approach an ideal society

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when we can combine ideas to support technology development. Therefore,

this conference is just a trigger for us to get involve more towards local,

national, and international development.

Last but not the least, my deepest gratitude goes to the Organizing

Committee, institutions, and companies who have directly and indirectly

supported the well-running of this seminar. Although we try to be

professional, on behalf of Rector of Syiah Kuala University, please accept

our sincere apologies for inconveniences that crop before, during, or after

the event.

May God bless us all with the health to make this event a successful and

enjoyable one!

Thank you.

Prof. Dr. Ir. Samsul Rizal, M.Eng

Rector of Syiah Kuala University

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MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN

Assalammualaikum Wr. Wb.

Honorable Guests, Presenters, and Participants,

First of all, I would like to thank you for your valuable contributions to this

conference that is conducted by Chemical Engineering Department of Syiah

Kuala University. Our department is one of the largest department in

Engineering Faculty. It was established in 1963 driven by a spirit to form a

deparment to bring Acehnese to become educated, knowledgeable, and

technocrate. Therefore, we try to give our best in contributing our ideas in

the field of Chemical Engineering Science and Applications so that we can

cooperate to improve our daily lives. We understand that it takes time to

achieve the target; however, we believe one effort is much better than

nothing.

I am also happy to inform that the committee is very lucky to have 5

Plenary Speakers, i.e. from Japan and Indonesia, who supported us from the

very beginning with their capabilities to try and personally come and meet

you all. Although there may be many other competitive International

Seminars held with similar topics around the world, I am happy to report

that the Chemical Engineering on Science and Applications manages to

successfully attract more than 100 academicians to present their abstracts,

i.e. from Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Indonesia. So, I am proud to

announce that the 58 abstracts accepted to be presented in this seminar has

gone through a professionally selective process. For that reason, I

personally congratulate you all as distinguished speakers to this event.

This conference has collaborated with four international journals, i.e.

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis, International

Journal of Science and Engineering, International Journal of Renewable

Energy Development, and International Journal of Waste Resources. All

selected conference papers are then peer-reviewed to meet the highest

standards of publication. The peer review of each manuscript is rigorous

http://www.ijwr.co/

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and concentrates on objective and technical concerns to determine whether

the research has been sufficiently well conceived, well executed, and well

described.

I also would like to give a special welcome toThe Goverment of Aceh,

Pertamina, PT. Medco E&P Indonesia, PT. Arun, ExxonMobil, PT. Pupuk

Iskandar Muda, Bank Mandiri, PT. Lafarge Cement Indonesia, PT, PLN,

Bank Mandiri, and individuals who sponsor this conference. We can never

thank them enough for that! A way to express our gratitude would be to

make every effort to make this conference a full success.

Finally, I expect all participants have memorable moment through this

conference and enjoy your stay in Banda Aceh.

Thank you.

Sincerely,

Chairman of Committee

Dr. M. Faisal, S. T., M. Eng

TECHNICAL PROGRAM OF THE 1st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (ICChESA), Banda Aceh, September 18-19, 2013 Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

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Wedneday , 18 September 2013 Moderator

Opening Season

08.00 – 09.00 Registration Session Committee

09.00 – 09.04 MC (Izzan) MC

09.04 – 09.10 Reciting Al-Quran (M. Mufid Al Izza)

MC

09.10 – 09.15 Organizing Committee Report Dr. M. Faisal, Chairman Seminar Committee

09.15 – 09.20 Welcome To Aceh by Governor of Aceh

09.20 – 09.25 Welcome Speech Prof. Dr. Samsul Rizal, M. Eng, Rector of Syiah Kuala University and opening sign by Rapai

09.25 – 09.40 Art Performing (Aceh Dance)

09.40 – 09.45 Photo session

09.45 – 10.10 Coffee break and Poster Session 1 Committee

Seminar Season

10.10-10.40 Keynote Lecture 1 : Prof. Dr. Koichi Fujie Title: Evaluation and Reduction of Whole Effluent Toxicity in Sewage Treatments

for Effective Use of Limited Water Resources (Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University 79-7, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan)

Prof. Dr. Y.H. Taufiq-Yap

10.40-11.10 Keynote Lecture 2 : Prof. Dr. Ichiro Naruse Title: Resources, Energy and Environment (Energy Science Division, EcoTopia Science Institute Nagoya University Resources, Energy and Environment Energy Science Division, EcoTopia Science Institute Nagoya University)

11.10-11.40 Keynote Lecture 3 : Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia)

11.40-11.45 Oral Session Preparation Committee

11.45-12.30 Oral Session 1

Room 1 (3 presenter) Room 2 (3 presenter) Room 3 (3 presenter)

12-30-14.00 Lunch break Committee


Room 1: 1 long & 10 short presenter Room 2 (5 presenter) Room 3 (5 presenter)

15.15-15.30 Coffee break and Poster Session 2


Room 1 Room 2 (5 presenter) Room 3 (5 presenter)

19.30 – 22.00

Gala Dinner/Banquet / Best Poster Award and (Art Performance, Aceh Dance)

Thursday, 19 September 2013 Moderator

09.00 – 09.30

Keynote Lecture 4 : Prof. Dr. Hideto Matsuyama Title: Several Approaches of Membrane Fouling Reduction in Water Treatment (Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan)

Dr. Abrar Muslim, M.Eng

.

09.30 – 09.50

Keynote Lecture 5 : Assc. Prof. Dr. Kazuhiko Nishi Title: Potential of an asymmetrical agitation in industrial mixing (Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan


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09.50 – 10.10 Coffee break Committee 10.10 – 10.15 Oral Session 4 Preparation

10.15 – 11.45 Oral Session 4

Room 1 (7 presenter) Room 2 (8 presenter) Room 2 (7 presenter)

11.50 – 12.30 Lunch break Committee 14.00 – 18.00 Conference Tour


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Detailed Schedule For Oral Session (Wednesday, 18 September 2013)

Room I, Coordinator : Wahyu Rinaldi, ST., M.Sc./Dr. Cut Meurah Rosnelly, MT. Topic: 1. Separation and Purification (SP) Oral Session 1 Time: 11.45-12.30 Moderator : Dr. M. Faisal, ST. M.Eng.

Time Code Presenter Institution Title

11.45 – 12.00 SP-01 Bastian Arifin1, Sri Aprilia1, Amri Amin2, Fauzi Muhammad Djuned3

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

2Engineering Faculty of Abulyatama University, Banda Aceh-Indonesia 3Bioresource division School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang-Malaysia

Hybrid Water Treament System by Conventional Method and Ultrafiltration Membranes

12.00 – 12.15 SP-02 A.Azarmehr National Iranian Gas Company Advantages of DEA over MEA for Sweetening Unit of a Gas Plant

12.15– 12.30 SP-03 Aswati Mindaryani1, M. Arif Wibisono2

1Chemical Engineering Dept, University of Gadjah Mada 2Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Dept., University of Gadjah Mada

Absorption of CO2 from biogas with banana stems ash solution in preparation for power generation

12.30-14.00 Lunch break

Oral Session 2; Time: 14.00-15.15 Moderator : Dr. M. Dani Supardan, ST., MT

14.00 – 14.15 SP-04 Reyhane Saadi1, Zahra Saadi1, Reza Fazaeli2

1Department of Chemical engineering, Faculty of engineering, South Tehran Branch, Azad University, Tehran, , Iran 2Department of Chemical engineering, Faculty of engineering, South Tehran Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Adsorption of Ni (II) onto Nanostructured γ-alumina in a Fixed-bed Column

14.15 – 14.45 See detail Short Oral Presentation

15.30 – 15.45 Coffee break and Poster Session 1

19.30 – 22.00 Gala Dinner/Banquet (Art Performance, Aceh Dance)


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Room II, Coordinator : Dr. Hesti Meilina, ST., MP./Ir. Pocut Nurul Alam, MT. Topic: 1. Material Sci. Eng, Polymer and Petrochemical Technology (MPPT); 2. Agro Industrial Technology (AIT) Oral Session 1; Time : 11.45-12.30 Moderator : Zuhra, ST. M.Sc.


11.45 – 12.00 MPPT-01 Nurul Shuhada Mohd Makhtar1*, Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi1, Mohibah Musa1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid1

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia

The Chemical Compound Presence in Green Material Derived From Tacca leontopetaloides Starch: FT-IR Analysis

12.00 – 12.15 MPPT-02 Arina Binti Abdullah, Ms. Norhayati Binti Talib, and Noor Fitrah Binti Abu Bakar

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara

Direct Current Electrophoretic Deposition (DC-EPD) of TiO2/Activated Carbon Composite in Non-Aqueous Suspension with Different Applied Voltages

12.15– 12.30 MPPT-03 Yohandri Bow, Ibnu Hajar, Rusdianasari

Department of Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia

Modified Carbon Composite Electrode with Zeolit in Degradation of Dissolved Chlorine


Oral Session 2; Time :14.00-15.15: Material Sci. Eng, Polymer and Petrochemical Technology (MPPT) Moderator : Dr. Mahidin, ST. M.Eng.

14.00 – 14.15 MPPT-04 Nur Azrini Ramlee*1, Chantara Thevy Ratnam2, Nur Hashimah Alias1, Mohd Faizal Abd Rahman2

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Technology MARA Shah Alam, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysa. 2 Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia), Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.

Dynamic Mechanical and Gel Content Properties of Irradiated ENR/PVC blends with TiO2 Nanofillers

14.15 – 14.30 MPPT-05 Renita Manurung, Ahmad Rozi Tanjung, Ida Ayuningrum

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan 50239, Indonesia

Effect of Concentration of Catalyst (BF3-Diethyl Etherate) on Synthesis of Polyester From Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)

14.30 – 14.45 MPPT-06 Rohaizu. R., Wanrosli W. D.

School of Industial Technologies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang

Production of iridescence nanocellulose film from oil palm empty fruit bunch microcrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-MCC)

14.45 – 15.00 MPPT-07 M. Nizar Machmud1,, Reza Fahmi2, Rohana Abdullah3,4, Coco Kokarkin5

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Syiah Kuala, Jln. Tgk. Syech Abdurrauf No. 7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111 Indonesia 2Undergraduate student at Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Syiah Kuala, Jln. Tgk. Syech Abdurrauf No. 7, Darussalam,

Characteristics of Red Algae Bioplastics/Latex Blends under Tension


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Banda Aceh, 23111 Indonesia 3Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bandung Raya, Jln. Cikutra No. 171 Bandung, 40124 Indonesia 4Post Graduate Student at Post Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor, 45363 Indonesia 5Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia, Directorate General of Aquaculture, Balai Budidaya Air Payau (BAP) Ujung Batee, Jln. Krueng Raya Km. 16, Ujung Batee, PO. BOX. 46, Banda Aceh, 23000 Indonesia

15.10 – 15.15 MPPT-08 Nurul Amira Shazwani, Z.*, Ku Halim, K.H., Mohibah, M., Miradatul Najwa, M.R.

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Study on the Effect of Calcination Temperature of Agarwood Waste for Silica Production


Oral Session 3; Time :15.30-16.45 Topic: 1. Material Sci. Eng, Polymer and Petrochemical Engineering (MPPE); 2. Agro Industrial Technology (AIT) Moderator : Dr. Nasrul A.R, ST. M.T

15.30 – 15.45 MPPT-09 Fauzi Muhammad Djuned, Teku Muhammad Asnawi, Wan Rosli Wan Daud

Bioresource, Paper and Coating Department, School of Industfial Tecknologi, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Cellulose Diacetate from Oil Palm empty fruit bunches

15.45– 16.00 MPPT-10 Abdul Gani Haji1, Gustan Pari2, Muhammad Nazar1 and Habibati1

1Department of Chemistry, FKIP Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2Forest Product Research and Development Center, Bogor, Indonesia

Characterization of activated carbon produced from urban organic waste

16.00 – 16.15 MPPT-11 M. Nizar Machmud ,1, Fauzan Fadi 2, Zahrul Fuadi 1, Coco Kokarkin 3

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Syiah Kuala, Jln. Tgk. Syech Abdurrauf No. 7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111 Indonesia 2 Undergraduate student at Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Syiah Kuala, Jln. Tgk. Syech Abdurrauf No. 7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111 Indonesia 3 Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia, Directorate General of Aquaculture, Balai Budidaya Air Payau (BAP) Ujung Batee, Jln. Krueng Raya Km. 16, Ujung Batee, PO. BOX. 46, Banda Aceh, 23000 Indonesia

Alternative Fiber Source from Gracilaria Sp and Eucheuma Cottonii for Papermaking

16.15 – 16.30 MPPT-12 Hefzollah Mohammadian *1, Mohammad Bagher

1 Department of of Telecom, South Pars Gas Complex, Azad University of Bushehr, Iran. 2 Department of Instrument, South Pars Gas

Analysis the Different Types of Nano Sensors on Based of Structure and it’s


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Heidari 1, Elaheh Esfandiarijahromi 2

Complex, Shiraz University, Iran Applications on Nano Electronics

16.30 – 16.45 AIT-01 Arina Sauki*1, Muhammad Hazman Md Shahid1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid1, Azlinda Azizi1, Siti Khatijah Jamaludin1, Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd1, Nur Hashimah Alias

Faculty of Chemical Engineering,Universiti Teknologi MARA,40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Utilization of Agarwood Distillation Waste in Oilwell Cement and Its Effect on Free Water and Porosity



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Room III. Coordinator : Ir. Yanna Syamsuddin, M.Sc./Zuhra, ST. MSc. Topic: 1. Environmental & Safety Technology (EST); 2. Waste Treatment and Management (WTM),

3. Environmental Modeling EM). Oral Session 1; Time: 11.45-12.30 Moderator : Dr. Suhendrayatna, M.Eng.


11.45 – 12.00 EST-01 Nur Fatin Dahlia, M.S*1, Ku Halim, K.H2

1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia 2 Center of Environmental Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia

Development of Empty Fruit Bunch as Bio-Matrix for Methane Production from Aged Leachate in an Anaerobic Digester (EE)

12.00 – 12.15 EST -02 Nurhaslina C.R, Nazihah M.

Faculty of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor

Decolorization of Textile Wastewater Using Lactobacillus delbrueckii

12.15– 12.30 EST -03 Hisbullah and Syahiddin Dahlan Said*

Department of Chemical Engineering University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Effect of Baffled Bioreactor Compartment Design on COD Removal Performance: A Preliminary Study


Oral Session 2; Time: 14.00-15.15 Moderator : Dr. Syaifullah Muhammad, ST. M.Sc.

14.00 – 14.15 EST-04 Kamariah Noor Ismail, Ku Halim Ku Hamid, Nurul Huda Abdullah, Mohibah Musa

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Kimia, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Mercury Emission from Kapar Energy Ventures (KEV) Power Plant Using Coal as Combustion Media

14.15 – 14.30 EST- 05 Siti Salwa Abdullah, Ku Halim Ku Hamid, Hanafiah Zainal Abidin, Mohibah Musa

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Kimia, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Coagulant from Chemically Modified Fish Scale for Textile Wastewater Treatment

14.30 – 14.45 EST-06 Feni Amriani*1, Fatimah2, Iriany3

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Sumatera, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Indonesia

Physical And Biology Pretreatment of Water Hyacinth Biomass For Cellulase Enzymes Production From Aspergillus Niger And Trichoderma Reesei

14.45 – 15.00 WTM-01 Rusdianasari1, Susila Arita2, Eddy Ibrahim3, Ngudiantoro4

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia Doctoral Candidate of Environmental Science, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia 2 Department of Chemical Engineering,

Application of Electrocoagulation Process for Coal Stockpile Wastewater Treatment


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Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia 3 Department of Mining Engineering, Sriwijaya Universiy, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia 4 Department of Mathematics, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662, Indonesia

15.00 – 15.15 EM -01 Eddy Kurniawan*, Erna Maulinda, Amri Aji

Department of Chemical Engineering, Malikussaleh University, Reuleut, Aceh Utara 24351, Indonesia

The Mathematical Model of Reduced Levels of Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrate Fertilizer Industry Wastewater Using Activated Charcoal from Waste Coffee Grounds


Oral Session 3; Time: 15.30-16.45 : 1. Clean Energy Technology, 2. Catalytic Reaction Engineering (CE-CR) Moderator : Dr. Farid Mulana, ST. M.Eng.

15.30 – 15.45 CECR-01 Muhammad Yerizama, Muhammad Faizalb, Marsic, Noviab

aDoctoral Candidate of Enviromental Science, Sriwijaya University Chemical Engineering Depertement of State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Jl. Srijaya Negara. Bukit Besar, Palembang 30139, Indonesia bDepartement of Chemical, Engineering Faculty, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662 cDepartement of Agriculture, Agriculture Faculty, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662

Composition Variation Effect of Rice Straw and Coconut Shell to Biobriquette Characteristics as Alternative Fuel

15.45– 16.00 CECR-02 Husni Husin*1, Mahidin1, Zuhra1, Fikri Hasfita2

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Malikussaleh University, Lhoekseumawe, Aceh Utara 24300, Indonesia

H2 evolution on Lanthanum and Carbon co-doped NaTaO3 Photocatalyst

16.00 – 16.15 CECR-03 Khairil *,1, Mahidin 2, Asri Gani 2 and Ibrahim 1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

Fundamental Study on Desulfurization Characteristics of Bio-briquette at Low Temperature Using Calcium Based Adsorbent

16.15 – 16.30 CECR-04 Mahidin*1, Asri Gani1, Abrar Muslim1, Husni Husin1, Khairil2

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

Development of Desulfurization Process for Bio-briquette Using Natural Calcium-based Adsorbent and Its Kinetics Evaluation for Design Purpose

16.30 – 16.45 CECR-05 Nurhayati 1, Chieh-Lun 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, High-Productivity Ethanol


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Cheng 1, Jo-Shu Chang 1,2,3*

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan 2 Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan 3 Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan

Production by Modified PVA-Immobilized Zymomonas mobilis through Continuous Culture combining Vacuum Membrane Distillation under Very High Gravity Fermentation Conditions



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Detailed Schedule For Short Oral Presentation

Wednesday, 18 September 2013 Room 1; Time: 14.15 – 14.45 Moderator : Dr. M. Dani Supardan, ST. MT.


14.15-14.18 EST-07 Mikako Orikawa, Hirotsugu Kamahara, Yoichi Atsuta, Hiroyuki Daimon*

Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan

Application of Hydrothermal Treatment on High Concentrated Sewage Sludge for Anaerobic Digestion Process

14.18-14.21 MPPT-13 Cut Meurah Rosnelly & Umi Fathanah

Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

Purification of Sugar Cane Juice by Ultrafiltration Membrane

14.21-14.24 CECR-06 Mahlinda and Rifki Institute For Industrial Research and Standardization of Banda Aceh Jl. Cut Nyak Dhien No.377 Lamteumen Timur Banda Aceh

Development Of Semiautomatic Biodiesel Apparatus Based In Control Relay

14.24-14.27 EST-09 Izarul Machdar *, Wahyu Rinaldi


Assessment of Water Balance in a Small Island: A case Study in Sabang Island, Aceh Province

14.27-14.30 CECR-07 M. Husin Ismayanda , Cut Meurah Rosnelly


Study On The Effect of KOH Catalyst On Biodiesel Preparation From Cotton Seed Oil In Stirred Tank

14.30-14.33 FB-07 Asri Gani*1, Husni2, Akhmad Baihaqi 3, M. Faisal1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia 2Department of Agrotechnology, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia 3Department of Agribusiness, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia

Pyrolysis of Palm kernel Shell into Liquid Smoke: Potential Application for Biopesticides in Aceh Province

14.33-14.36 MPPT-14 Umi fathanah, Mirna Rahmah Lubis, Cut Meurah Rosnelly, Ryan Maulana

Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia

Making and Characterizing Bioplastic from Cassava (manihot utilissima) Peel Starch with Sorbitol Plasticizer

14.36-14.39 EST-10 M. Faisal*1, Hiroyuki Daimon2, Koichi Fujie3

Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia; 2Department of Environmental and Life Science,Toyohashi University of Technology,Toyohashi, Japan; 3Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University,Yokohama, Japan

Removal of Organic Matter in Eutrophication Ponds at Various Oxygen Supply Conditions

14.39-14.42 EST-11 M. Faisal*1, Izarul Machdar1, Farid Mulana1, Hiroyuki Daimon2

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia 2Department of Environmental and Life Science,Toyohashi University of Technology,Toyohashi , Japan

Waste Management Option and Renewable Energy from Tofu Processing Waste in Banda Aceh City


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Detailed Schedule For Oral Session

Thursday, 19 September 2013

Room I, Coordinator : Dr. Cut Meurah Rosnelly, MT./ Wahyu Rinaldi, ST., M.Sc. Moderator : Prof. Dr. Bastian Arifin, M.Sc.


09.00-09.50 Keynote Lecture 4 & 5

09.50-10.15 Coffee break:

Oral Session 4: Time: 10.15-12.00 Topic: 1. Food and Biochemical Engineering (FB)

10.15 – 10.30 FB-01 Nur Afiqah Arham, Nurul Amal Nadhirah Mohamad, Junaidah Jai*, Jagannathan Krishnan

Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia

Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Bioactive Component from Palm Leaves (Elaeis guineensis) Using Response Surface Methodology

10.30 – 10.45 FB-02 Wan Zahira Hanis Wan Zin *1, Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi1, Norazlina Idris 2

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Crude Xylanase From Aspergilus niger

10.45 – 11.00 FB-03 Reiza Mutia*12, Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel1, Ida Idayu Muhammad1

1 Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2 Scholarship Grantee of Amanah Pelalawan Foundation, Indonesia

A Review On Cocoa Butter Equivalent Production Via Enzymatic Interesterification

11.00 – 11.15 FB-05 Irfan*1, Asmawati1, Fachrizal1, Cut Erika1

Department of agricultural Product Technology, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

Physicochemical properties of Pectin From cocoa Pod husk Extraction Time and pH

11.15 – 11.30 FB-06 Hamid Tavakolipour, Mohsen Mokhtarian

Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

Application of fuzzy logic system to monitoring equilibrium moisture content of pistachio powder during storage

11.30-11.45 FB-07 Rafeqah Raslan*, Rahimah Mustafa, Nurul Nadia Azmi, Lim Ying Pei , Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf.

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam , Malaysia

Analysis of the fouling mechanism during ultrafiltration of Momordica Charantia juice

11.45– 12.00 MPPT-15 Rozanna Dewi1, Harry Agusnar2, Basuki Widyosentono2, Halimah2

1Universitas Malikussaleh, 2Universitas Sumatera Utara

Synthesis and Characteristics of Modified Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)

12.00 – 13.30 Lunch break


xviii

Room II, Coordinator : Ir. Pocut Nurul Alam, MT./ Dr. Hesti Meilina, ST., MP. Oral Session 4; Time: 10.15-12.15 Topic: 1. Fundamental of Chemical Engineering and applied Industry (ChEA), 2. Environment and Information Sciences (EIS) Moderator : Dr. Hesti Meilina, ST., MP.


10.15 – 10.30 ChEA-01 Meisam Sadi*1, Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord1, Koroush Akhlaghi2, Hasan Eftekhari2

1 Department of Mechnical Engineering, Shahrood University,Semnan, Iran 2 South khorasan gas company, Iran

Numerical simulation of a vortex tube and study the interior behavior of working fluid

10.30 – 10.45 ChEA-02 Azlinda Azizi*1, Mohd Shahrul Nizam Ibrahim 1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid1, Arina Sauki1, Nurul Aimi Ghazali1, Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd1

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Agarwood Waste As a New Fluid Loss Control Agent in Water Based Drilling Fluid

10.45 – 11.00 ChEA--03 Kourosh Akhlaghi*1, Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord2, Mohammad Mohammadpour3

1 : National Iranian Gas Company, South Khorasan Gas Company, Iran 2,3: The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

Feasibility of utilizing small-scale liquefied natural gas cycle in natural gas pressure reduction point

11.00 – 11.15 ChEA-04 Mariana*1, Farid Mulana1, Purwana Satriyo2

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2 Department of Agriculture Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111

Reaction Kinetics of Ca(OH)2 and SiO2 in a Stirred Batch

Reactor

11.15 – 11.30 ChEA-05 Ali Haghtalab, Marziyeh Zare Tarbiat modares University Computation of Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Ionic Liquids using Local Composition and Pitzer Models

11.30-11.45 EIS-01 Noorhazila Hamdan *, Ku Halim Ku Hamid, Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi, and Mohibah Musa

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara Shah Alam,45000,Malaysia

Identification of Carcnogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in New Car Cabin at Tropical Climate

11.45– 12.00 EIS-02 Zulfian1, Lindawati2, Nizarli3, Faisal Amir2

Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Universitas Syiah Kuala1, Laboratorium Akustik, Universitas Syiah Kuala2, Jurusan Arsitektur, Universitas Syiah Kuala3

The Study of Speech Intelligibility in the Al-Mizan Mosque, Syiah Kuala University

12.00 – 12.15 ChEA-06 Nasrullah, R.C.L.1*, Wan Rosli Wan Daud2, I. Mazlan2, Teku M. Asnawi1,2, Adisalamun1

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 2 Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.

The Effect of Delignification on Paper Properties of Acetosolv Oil Palm Frond Fibers Pulp

12.15–13.30 Lunch break:


xix

Room III, Coordinator : Zuhra, ST. M. Sc./ Yanna Syamsuddin, M.Sc. Oral Session 4; Time 10.15-12.00 Topic: 1. Clean Energy Technology- Catalytic Reaction Engineering (CE-CR), 2. Process and Control Engineering (PC) Moderator: Dr. Husni Husin, M.T.


10.15 – 10.30 CECR-08 Z.A Shajaratun Nur1,2, Y.H. Taufiq-Yap *1,2, M.F. Rabiah Nizah1,2,

Aminul Islam1,2

1 Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

2 Department of Chemical, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Transesterification Reaction of Palm Oil via Modified Dolomites for Biodiesel Production

10.30 – 10.45 CECR-09 Z. Helwania,*, N. Aziz

b, M.R. Othmanb

aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Riau University Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia. bSchool of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.

Continuous biodiesel production in a fixed bed reactor with hydrotalcite as a heterogeneous catalyst

10.45 – 11.00 CECR-10 M.F. Rabiah Nizaha,b , Y.H. Taufiq-Yapa,b,* , Z.A. Shajaratun Nura,b, and Aminul Islama,b

aCatalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia bDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Transesterification of non-edible Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel using Bi2O3-La2O3 catalyst

11.00 – 11.15 CECR-11 Rangga Budiawan, Zulfansyah, Z. Helwani*

Department of Chemical Engineering, Riau University Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia.

Off-grade palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes

11.15 – 11.30 CECR-12 Novia1,3, Hermansyah2,3 and Arif Nurrahman 3

1Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sriwijaya, Inderalaya, SUMSEL, Indonesia 2 Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Sriwijaya, Inderalaya, SUMSEL, Indonesia 3Jurusan Teknik Kimia, BKU Teknologi Lingkungan Program Pascasarjana UNSRI

The Alkaline-Ozonolysis Pretreatment and Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation (SSF) For The Production of Bioethanol From Rice Straw

11.30– 11.45 PC-01 Sallehuddin Ibrahim*, Mohd Amri Md Yunus, Mohd Taufiq Mohd Khairi

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia,Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia

Turbidity Measurement Using An Optical Tomography System

11.45– 12.00 PC-02 Hasan Eftekhari*1, Hamid Reza Rahbari2 ,Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord3

1 : National Iranian Gas Company, South Khorasan Gas Company, Iran 2,3 : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology,Shahrood, Iran

The Effect of Important Parameter in Simulation of Natural Gas flow through Underground Transmission Pipeline

12.00 – 13.30 Lunch break

14.00– 18.00 Conference Tour

xx

CONTENTS

EDITORIAL BOARD

THE COMMITTEE OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL

CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS

WELCOME SPEECH FROM THE RECTOR

MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN

TECHNICAL PROGRAM

CONTENTS

i

ii

iii

v

vii

xx

No Titles Page

1

Feasibility of Utilizing Small-Scale Liquefied Natural Gas

cycle in Natural Gas Pressure Reduction Point 1

Kourosh Akhlaghi*1, Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord2,

Mohammad Mohammadpour3

2

Advantages of DEA over MEA for Sweetening Unit of a Gas

Plant 2 A. Azarmehr

3

Adsorption of Ni (II) onto Nano Structured γ-Alumina in a

Fixed-bed Column 3 Reyhane Saadi1, Zahra Saadi1, Reza Fazaeli2

4

Absorption of CO2 from Biogas with Banana Stems Ash

Solution in Preparation for Power Generation 4 Aswati Mindaryani*1, M. Arif Wibisono2

5

The Chemical Compound Presence in Green Material

Derived From Tacca leontopetaloides Starch: FT-IR

Analysis 5 Nurul Shuhada Mohd Makhtar*1, Miradatul Najwa

Muhd Rodhi1, Mohibah Musa1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid1

6

Direct Current Electrophoretic Deposition (DC-EPD) of

TiO2/Activated Carbon Composite in Non-Aqueous

Suspension with Different Applied Voltages 6

Arina Binti Abdullah1, Ms. Norhayati Binti Talib1, Noor

xxi

Fitrah Binti Abu Bakar1

7

Modified Carbon Composite Electrode with Zeolit in

Degradation of Dissolved Chlorine 7 Yohandri Bow*1, Ibnu Hajar2, Rusdianasari3

8

Dynamic Mechanical and Gel Content Properties of

Irradiated ENR/PVC blends with TiO2 Nanofillers 8

Nur Azrini Ramlee*1, Chantara Thevy Ratnam2, Nur

Hashimah Alias1, Mohd Faizal Abd Rahman2

9

Effect of Concentration of Catalyst (BF3-Diethyl Etherate)

on Synthesis of Polyester From Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

(PFAD) 10

Renita Manurung1, Ahmad Rozi Tanjung*1, Ida

Ayuningrum1

10

Production of Iridescence Nanocellulose Film from Oil Palm

Empty Fruit Bunch Microcrystalline Cellulose (OPEFB-

MCC) 11

Rohaizu. R.*1, Wanrosli W. D.1

11

Characteristics of Red Algae Bioplastics/Latex Blends under

Tension 12

M. Nizar Machmud*1, Reza Fahmi2, Rohana Abdullah3,4,

Coco Kokarkin5

12

Study on the Effect of Calcination Temperature of Agarwood

Waste for Silica Production 13

Nurul Amira Shazwani, Z.*, Ku Halim, K.H., Mohibah,

M., Miradatul Najwa

13

Cellulose Diacetate from Oil Palm empty fruit bunches

14 Fauzi Muhammad Djuned*1, Teku Muhammad Asnawi,

Wan Rosli Wan Daud

14

Characterization of Activated Carbon Produced from Urban

Organic Waste 15

Abdul Gani Haji*1, Gustan Pari2, Muhammad Nazar1

and Habibati1

15

Alternative Fiber Source from Gracilaria sp and Eucheuma

cottonii for Papermaking 16

M. Nizar Machmud*1, Fauzan Fadi2, Zahrul Fuadi1, Coco

Kokarkin3

xxii

16

Analysis the Different Types of Nano Sensors on Based of

Structure and it’s Applications on Nano Electronics 17

Hefzollah Mohammadian *1, Mohammad Bagher Heidari

1, Elaheh Esfandiarijahromi 2

17

Purification of Sugar Cane Juice by Ultrafiltration

Membrane 18

Cut Meurah Rosnelly*1, Umi Fathanah1

18

Making and Characterizing Bioplastic from Cassava

(Manihot utilissima) Peel Starch with Sorbitol Plasticizer 19

Umi fathanah*1, Mirna Rahmah Lubis1, Cut Meurah

Rosnelly1, Ryan Maulana2

19

Utilization of Agarwood Distillation Waste in Oilwell

Cement and its Effect on Free Water and Porosity

20 Arina Sauki*1, Muhammad Hazman Md Shahid1, Ku

Halim Ku Hamid1, Azlinda Azizi1, Siti Khatijah

Jamaludin1, Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd1, Nur

Hashimah Alias

20

Development of Empty Fruit Bunch as Bio-Matrix for

Methane Production from Aged Leachate in an Anaerobic

Digester (EE) 21

Nur Fatin Dahlia, M.S*1, Ku Halim, K.H2

21

Decolorization of Textile Wastewater Using Lactobacillus

delbrueckii 22

Nurhaslina C.R*1, Nazihah M.1

22

Effect of Baffled Bioreactor Compartment Design on COD

Removal Performance: A Preliminary Study 23

Hisbullah1, Syahiddin Dahlan Said*1

23

Mercury Emission from Kapar Energy Ventures (KEV)

Power Plant Using Coal as Combustion Media 24

Kamariah Noor Ismail*1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid1, Nurul

Huda Abdullah1, Mohibah Musa1

24

Coagulant from Chemically Modified Fish Scale for Textile

Wastewater Treatment 25

Siti Salwa Abdullah*1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid1, Hanafiah

Zainal Abidin1, Mohibah Musa1

25 Hybrid Water Treament System by Conventional Method and

Ultrafiltration Membranes 26

xxiii

Bastian Arifin1, Sri Aprilia*1, Amri Amin2, Fauzi

Muhammad Djuned3

26

Application of Hydrothermal Treatment on High

Concentrated Sewage Sludge for Anaerobic Digestion

Process 27

Mikako Orikawa, Hirotsugu Kamahara, Yoichi Atsuta,

Hiroyuki Daimon*

27

Physical and Biology Pretreatment of Water Hyacinth

Biomass for Cellulase Enzymes Production from Aspergillus

niger and Trichoderma reesei 28

Feni Amriani*1, Fatimah2, Iriany3

28

Assessment of Water Balance in a Small Island: A case Study

in Sabang Island, Aceh Province 29 Izarul Machdar*1, Wahyu Rinaldi1

29

Removal of Organic Matter in Eutrophication Ponds at

Various Oxygen Supply Conditions 30

M. Faisal*1, Hiroyuki Daimon2, Koichi Fujie3

30

Waste Management Option and Renewable Energy from

Tofu Processing Waste in Banda Aceh City 31

M. Faisal*1, Izarul Machdar1, Farid Mulana1, Hiroyuki

Daimon2

31

Application of Electrocoagulation Process for Coal Stockpile

Wastewater Treatment 32

Rusdianasari*1, Susila Arita2, Eddy Ibrahim3,

Ngudiantoro4

32

The Mathematical Model of Reduced Levels of Ammonia,

Nitrite and Nitrate Fertilizer Industry Wastewater Using

Activated Charcoal from Waste Coffee Grounds 33

Eddy Kurniawan*1, Erna Maulinda, Amri Aji

33

Composition Variation Effect of Rice Straw and Coconut

Shell to Biobriquette Characteristics as Alternative Fuel 34

Muhammad Yerizam1, Muhammad Faizal2, Marsi3,

Novia2

34

H2 Evolution on Lanthanum and Carbon Co-doped NaTaO3

Photocatalyst 35 Husni Husin*1, Mahidin1, Zuhra1, Fikri Hasfita2

xxiv

35

Fundamental Study on Desulfurization Characteristics of

Bio-briquette at Low Temperature Using Calcium Based

Adsorbent 36

Khairil *1, Mahidin 2, Asri Gani 2, Ibrahim 1

36

Development of Desulfurization Process for Bio-briquette

Using Natural Calcium-based Adsorbent and Its Kinetics

Evaluation for Design Purpose 37

Mahidin*1, Asri Gani1, Abrar Muslim1, Husni Husin1,

Khairil2

37

Development of Semiautomatic Biodiesel Apparatus Based in

Control Relay 38 Mahlinda*1, Rifki1

38

Continuous Biodiesel Production in a Fixed Bed Reactor

with Hydrotalcite as a Heterogeneous Catalyst 39

Z. Helwani*1, N. Aziz 2, M.R. Othman2

39

Off-Grade palm oil as a renewable raw material for

biodiesel production by two-step processes 40 Rangga Budiawan1, Zulfansyah, Z.1 Helwani*1

40

High-Productivity Ethanol Production by Modified PVA-

Immobilized Zymomonas mobilis through Continuous

Culture combining Vacuum Membrane Distillation under

Very High Gravity Fermentation Conditions 41

Nurhayati 1, Chieh-Lun Cheng 1, Jo-Shu Chang 1,2,3*

41

Study on the Effect of KOH Catalyst on Biodiesel

Preparation from Cotton Seed Oil in Stirred Tank 43 M. Husin Ismayanda1, Cut Meurah Rosnelly*1

42

Transesterification Reaction of Palm Oil via Modified

Dolomites for Biodiesel Production 44

Z.A Shajaratun Nur1,2, Y.H. Taufiq-Yap *1,2, M.F. Rabiah

Nizah1,2, Aminul Islam1,2

43

Transesterification of Non-edible Jatropha curcas Oil to

Biodiesel Using Bi2O3-La2O3 Catalyst 45

M.F. Rabiah Nizah1,2 , Y.H. Taufiq-Yap*1,2 , Z.A.

Shajaratun Nur1,1, Aminul Islam1,2

xxv

44

Application of Response Surface Methoodology in Extraction

of Bioactive Component from Palm Leaves (Elaeis

guineensis) 46

Nur Afiqah Arham1, Nurul Amal Nadhirah Mohamad1,

Junaidah Jai*1, Jagannathan Krishnan1

45

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Crude Xylanase From Aspergilus

niger 47

Wan Zahira Hanis Wan Zin*1, Miradatul Najwa Muhd

Rodhi1, Norazlina Idris2

46

A Review on Cocoa Butter Equivalent Production Via

Enzymatic Interesterification 48

Reiza Mutia*1,2, Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel1, Ida

Idayu Muhammad1

47

The Alkaline-Ozonolysis Pretreatment and Simultaneous

Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) for the Production

of Bioethanol from Rice Straw 49

Novia1,3, Hermansyah2,3 and Arif Nurrahman3

48

Physicochemical properties of Pectin From Cocoa Pod Husk

Extraction Time and pH 50 Irfan*1, Asmawati1, Fachrizal1, Cut Erika1

49

Application of Fuzzy Logic System to Monitoring

Equilibrium Moisture Content of Pistachio Powder during

Storage 51

Hamid Tavakolipour*1, Mohsen Mokhtarian2

50

Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell into Liquid Smoke: Potential

Application for Biopesticides in Aceh Province 52

Asri Gani*1, Husni2, Akhmad Baihaqi 3, M. Faisal1

51

Numerical Simulation of a Vortex Tube and Study the

Interior Behavior of Working Fluid 53

Meisam Sadi*1, Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord1, Koroush

Akhlaghi2, Hasan Eftekhari2

52

Agarwood Waste as a New Fluid Loss Control Agent in

Water Based Drilling Fluid 54

Azlinda Azizi*1, Mohd Shahrul Nizam Ibrahim 1, Ku

Halim Ku Hamid1, Arina Sauki1, Nurul Aimi Ghazali1,

xxvi

Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd1

53

Analysis of the Fouling Mechanism during Ultrafiltration of

Momordica charantia Juice 55

Rafeqah Raslan*1, Rahimah Mustafa, Nurul Nadia Azmi,

Lim Ying Pei , Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf.

54

Reaction Kinetics of Ca(OH)2 and SiO2 in a Stirred Batch

Reactor 56 Mariana*1, Farid Mulana1, Purwana Satriyo2

55

Computation of Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Ionic Liquids

using Local Composition and Pitzer Models 57

Ali Haghtalab*1, Marziyeh Zare2

56

Identification of Carcnogenic Volatile Organic Compounds

in New Car Cabin at Tropical Climate 58

Noorhazila Hamdan*1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid, Miradatul

Najwa Muhd Rodhi, and Mohibah Musa

57

The Study of Speech Intelligibility in the Al-Mizan Mosque,

Syiah Kuala University 59 Zulfian*1,2, Lindawati2, Nizarli3, Faisal Amir2

58

Turbidity Measurement Using An Optical Tomography

System 60

Sallehuddin Ibrahim*, Mohd Amri Md Yunus, Mohd

Taufiq Mohd Khairi

59

The Effect of Important Parameter in Simulation of Natural

Gas flow through Underground Transmission Pipeline 61

Hasan Eftekhari*1, Hamid Reza Rahbari2 ,Mahmood

Farzaneh-Gord3

60

The Effect of Delignification on Paper Properties of

Acetosolv Oil Palm Frond Fibers Pulp 62

Nasrullah R.C.L*1,2, Wan Rosli Wan Daud2, I. Mazlan2,

Teku M. Asnawi11,2, Adisalamun1

61

Synthesis and Characteristics of Modified Thermoplastic

Starch (TPS) 63

Rozanna Dewi*1, Harry Agusnar2, Basuki Widyosentono2,

Halimah2

The 1st International Conference on Chemical Engineering Sciences and Applications

1

Feasibility of Utilizing Small-Scale Liquefied Natural

Gas Cycle in Natural Gas Pressure Reduction Point

Kourosh Akhlaghi*1,Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord2, Mohammad

Mohammadpour3

1National Iranian Gas Company, South Khorasan Gas Company, Iran 2,3Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of

Technology, Shahrood, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected]/

[email protected]

Abstract Cryogenic liquefaction plants have been applied in the commercial

natural gas liquefaction fields which liquefaction capacities are very

large. The developing market of natural gas vehicles provides an

opportunity for LNG and LNG-CNG fuelling stations and consequently

small scale LNG cycle. Other markets for smaller-scale LNG Liquefiers

include onshore gas wells, customer sites that are remotely situated

from current gas pipelines, and industrial customer peak shaving

installations.In this research we investigateof liquefied natural gas

(LNG) production cycle in small-scale in HYSYS software. In the next

step, utilization of this cycle is feasible in city gate station (CGS) for

liquefied natural gas production. That will be evaluated. The main

purpose is to use natural gas cooling capacity during pressure reduction

in the LNG production cycle. For this purpose, the utilizing the LNG

cycle in stand-alone condition (PRICO) is compared with the case when

utilizing the cycle in a CGS. In addition, its potential usage in CGS for

LNG production in low consumption seasons is evaluated. Respective

cycle conditions have been analysed in HYSYS software and it is

results in terms of energy consumption and LNG production per

consumption energy unit have been mentioned and compared.

The effects of inlet gas pressure are evaluated in LNG production. For

all cases, the CGS outlet gas temperature is kept at constant range

between 5 to 20°C and LNG production temperature at -150 °C.The

results show that in the same conditions, LNG production in CGS is

more than stand-alone condition. Investigations over inlet gas pressure

variation in both conditions show that as inlet gas pressure increases the

LNG production increases too but the increase in LNG production for

mailto:[email protected]



2

CGS condition is more than stand-alone condition. Investigations show

that utilization of gas liquefaction cycle in CGS has consumed less

compressor input work.

Key words: Liquefied natural gas, gas city gate station, small-scale

liquefaction natural gas

Advantages of DEA over MEA for Sweetening Unit of a

Gas Plant

A.Azarmehr*1

1National Iranian Gas Company, Iran *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract There are different types of chemical solutions for sweetening sour

gases, and each one has its own advantages and disadvantages which

makes it primary option for a particular process. In this paper,

suggestions which enhance the quality of sale gas as primary product

has been discussed in details. In addition, advantages of DEA over

MEA, in terms of energy consumption and corrosion rate, have been

presented.

Key words:chemical solutions, sweetening, corrosion rate, energy

consumption, processing condition


3

Adsorption of Ni (II) onto Nanostructured γ-alumina in

a Fixed-bed Column

Reyhane Saadi1, Zahra Saadi1, Reza Fazaeli*2

1Department of Chemical engineering, Faculty of engineering, South

Tehran Branch, Azad University,Tehran, , Iran 2Department of Chemical engineering, Faculty of engineering, South

Tehran Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran *

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract In this study, nanostructured γ-alumina as adsorbent for nickel removal

from aqueous solution in fixed-bed column was used. Comparison of

Thomas, Yoon-Nelson and Adams-Bohart models with experimental

kinetic results were done and model parameters were evaluated using

linear regression analysis for Ni2+ adsorption in different bed heights,

initial concentrations and flow rates. The obtained experimental data

are in good agreement with Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models but in

case of Adams–Bohart model, low correlation coefficient observed.

Keywords: adsorption, fixed-bed column, kinetic models, Nickel,

nanostructured γ-alumina


4

Absorption of CO2 from Biogas with Banana Stems

Ash Solution in Preparation for Power Generation

Aswati Mindaryani*1, M.Arif Wibisono *2

1Chemical Engineering Department, 2Mechanical and Industrial

Engineering Department,

Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta,

Indonesia


Abstract Currently the biogas production process in Indonesia is widespread to

rural area. Various types of waste such as fruit market waste, livestock

manure are processed into biogas, mostly for cooking. To generate

electricity requires fairly high levels of methane in the biogas. The use

of stem ash solution for absorbent materials is expected to be

implemented in the community. This research utilised a solution of

banana stem ash as absorbent materials for CO2 in the biogas. Banana

stem ash contains 10 % K2CO3, therefore the process of absorption

occur simultaneously with the reaction. Absorption was carried out in a

tank containing the solution of the ash then biogas was bubbled in the

solution. Gas samples were taken and analysed its CO2 concentration by

Gas Chromatograph. K2CO3 concentration in solution was analysed by

titration. The experiment was stopped when the outlet CO2

concentration was constant. The ash concentration in solution was

varied in the experiments. The capacity of CO2 absorption is 0.313

mmol/g ash at 30 C. Reaction rate constant is slightly affected by

temperature. To be applied in the rural area, the experiment was also

carried out in packed column. The value of the mass transfer coefficient

of CO2 in the liquid phase is affected by the absorbent flow rate.

Key words: absorption, biogas, Carbon dioxide, banana stem ash,

electricity generator.


5

The Chemical Compound Presence in Green Material

Derived from Tacca leontopetaloides Starch: FT-IR

Analysis

Nurul Shuhada Mohd Makhtar1*, Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi1,

Mohibah Musa1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid1

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara Shah

Alam, 40450, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Green material (GM) is referred to the material formulated from natural

or organic raw material based by promoting environmental safely and

low cost of production. In this paper, the GM was produced from local

Tacca leontopetaloides starch by blending with latex Natural rubber

(NR). The starch was plasticized by using glycerol, palm olein and

crude palm oil (CPO). The effects of varies volume plasticizers (10, 30

and 50 %) and the different blends ratio of NR to Glycerol (40:30, 50:6,

60:30, 40:10, 50:30) on the chemical compound presence in formulated

GM was investigated by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)

Spectroscopy. The addition of 30 and 50 % of glycerol decreased the

wavenumber at 3352 cm-1(pure starch) to 3288 and 3285 cm-1,

respectively, indicated the strong hydrogen bonding was formed

between glycerol and structural starch. The used of oil based plasticizer,

hydrolyse the hydroxyl group exhibit in starch by forming more stable

carbon to hydrogen bonding structures. The blend ratio of NR to

glycerol (50:6) gave major effect on the chemical contents exhibit in the

structural starch compared with others blends.

Key words: Tacca leontopetaloides starch, Fourier Transform Infrared

(FTIR), hydrogen bonding, glycerol, oil


6

Direct Current Electrophoretic Deposition (DC-EPD) of

TiO2/Activated Carbon Composite in Non-Aqueous

Suspension with Different Applied Voltages

Arina Binti Abdullah, Ms. Norhayati Binti Talib, Noor Fitrah Binti Abu

Bakar1

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara

Abstract The electrophoretic preparation of a novel TiO2/Activated Carbon

composite on ceramic substrates were described in this research. The

suspension was successfully prepared by mixing separately the

commercially available TiO2 powders (P25, Merck KGaA) and

Activated Carbon (Carbon, Fisher) in non-aqueous solvent of alcohol

and being mixed before the ultrasonication process. A suspension of

TiO2/Activated Carbon with proportion of 50:50 without any treatment

is quite unstable. Therefore it was necessary to place an additional

ultrasonication mixing before the deposition process take place. The

prepared suspension was analysed using Zetasizer Nano Series

Instrument. TiO2/Activated Carbon coatings from non-aqueous

suspension on ceramic substrates have been successfully prepared by

the means of direct current during electrophoretic deposition (DC-EPD)

process. The quality of the DC-EPD of TiO2/Activated Carbon

coatings in terms of homogeneity were observed by using Field

Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). ). The deposition yield

increases with time and currents. It is anodic EPD since more particles

are deposited on the anode. This research achieved its objectives where

the different behaviours of the morphology of the TiO2/Activated

Carbon layer deposited by a direct current (DC) charging mode were

observed with respected to different applied voltages and deposition

times.

Key words: activated carbon, composite, DC current, electrophoretic

deposition, suspension, titanium dioxide, voltages


7

Modified Carbon Composite Electrode with Zeolit in

Degradation of Dissolved Chlorine

Yohandri Bow*1, Ibnu Hajar2, Rusdianasari3

1,2,3Department of Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of

Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Voltammetry is a electroanalytical method that can be used in the

determination of dissolved chlorine without separation. In this research

used voltammetry method based on Carbon Composite Electrode

(SPCE) coated with zeolite with the aim to improve the sensitivity of

the analyte. The composite carbon-zeolite electrode consists of

platinum as working electrode, silver/silver chloride as reference

electrode and the body electrode was made of polyester resin. The

result of the study indicated that the composite carbon electrode was

suitable for determining of dissolved chlorine at optimum operating

characteristics with an applied voltage of +0.90 V. The steady state

reduction current was achieved after 12 s. The standard calibration

curve (concentration dissolved chlorine-reduction current) showed a

linier relationship in the range of 2.9 – 30 ppm. The analytical

performance characteristics of probe indicated: precision 0.6 – 13.04 %,

sensitivity 0.1236 ppm/µA and detection limit 2.9 ppm. The t-test, F-

test and Q-test at 95% confidence levels showed that there were no

significant differences between using composite carbon-zeolite

electrodes with titrimetric methods.

Key words: voltammetry, carbon composite electrode, zeolite


8

Dynamic Mechanical and Gel Content Properties of

Irradiated ENR/PVC Blends with TiO2Nanofillers

Nur Azrini Ramlee*1, Chantara Thevy Ratnam2, Nur Hashimah Alias1,

Mohd Faizal Abd Rahman2

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Technology MARA Shah

Alam, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia), Bangi, 43000 Kajang,

Malaysia. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Numerous studies reported on irradiated epoxidized natural

rubber/polyvinyl chloride (ENR/PVC) blends and the blends were

found miscible at all compositional range thus it offers a broad of

opportunity in modifying the blend characteristic. Addition of low

loading titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofillers in the ENR/PVC blends has

shown a remarkable increment in tensile strength. Thus, this study was

initiated to address the effect of TiO2nanofillers on ENR/PVC blends

dynamic mechanical and gel content properties and its morphology

upon exposure to electron beam irradiation. ENR/PVC blends with

addition of 0, 2 and 6 phr TiO2nanofillers were first blended in a mixing

chamber before being irradiated by an electron beam accelerator at

different 0-200 kGy irradiation doses. The influence of TiO2nanofillers

on the irradiation crosslinking of ENR/PVC blends was study based on

the dynamic mechanical analysis which was carried out in determining

the glass transition temperature and the storage modulus behavior of

ENR/PVC blends incorporated with TiO2nanofillers. Formations of

irradiation crosslinking in the blend were investigated by gel content

measurement. While, the TiO2nanofillers distribution were examined by

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Upon irradiation, the

ENR/PVC/6 phr TiO2 formed the highest value of gel fraction. For

dynamic mechanical analysis, it was found that electron beam radiation

increased the Tg of all the compositions. The relationship between the

crosslinking and the stiffness of the nanocomposites also can be found

in this study. The enhancement in the storage modulus and Tg at higher

amount of TiO2 in the blend could be correlated to the enhancement of

the irradiation-induced crosslinking in the nanocomposites


9

characteristic and also with the higher agglomerations of TiO2 evidence

shown from the TEM micrograph examination. Lastly, the dimensions

of TiO2 in the blends were found less than 100 nm in diameter which

indicates incorporation of TiO2nanofillers in ENR/PVC blends is

potentially to provide the nanocomposites features.

Key words:TiO2nanofillers, irradiated ENR/PVC, electron beam

radiation, nanocomposites


10

Effect of Concentration of Catalyst (BF3-Diethyl

Etherate) on Synthesis of Polyester from Palm Fatty

Acid Distillate (PFAD)

Renita Manurung1, Ahmad Rozi Tanjung1, Ida Ayuningrum1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara,

Medan 50239, Indonesia


Abstract

The aim of this research is to synthesis of polyester and to determine

the effect of concentration of catalyst on polymerization methyl ester

PFAD. The esterification stage was done at temperature 70oC, reaction

time 120 minute, reactant ratio 1:8 (PFAD: methanol), concentration of

catalyst (H2SO4) 1% (w/w) PFAD; polymerization stage was done at

temperature 126-132°C, polymerization reaction time 4 hours;

polyesterification stage was done at temperature 175-200 oC, reactant

ratios (w/w) 1:1 (polymerized ME : ethylene glycol), reaction time 4

hours and all of stage was stirred at 150 rpm.

The results showed, in the esterification stage was obtained methyl

ester with iodine value 77.29 g I2/100 g, viscosity 6.90 cP, density

859.91 kg/m3 and analysis by using GC-MS showed that the purity of

methyl ester was 82.23% and molecular weight 267.97 g/mol.

Decreasing in iodine value from 77.29 I2 g/100 g to 74.97-59.99 g

I2/100 g indicated that the polymerization process had taken place.

In polyesterification stage was obtained viscous, light brown colored

liquid for concentration of catalyst 0% and 6.9%; and gel polyester,

viscous, dark brown colored solid at room temperature for

concentration of catalyst 9.2% and 11.5% with acid value from 8.19 to

26.14 mg KOH/g, viscosity from 0.07 to 15.2 P, and molecular weight

288.81 to 1522.07 g/mol which is more suitable for applications of

modified polyester. Analysis by using GC showed that the purity of

polyester is equal to 65.49%.

Key words: polyester, palm fatty acid distillate, polymerization

reaction time, biodegradable polymer


11

Production of Iridescence Nanocellulose Film from Oil

Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Microcrystalline Cellulose

(OPEFB-MCC)

Rohaizu. R*1, Wanrosli W. D. 1

1School of Industial Technologies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800

Minden, Pulau Pinang


Abstract

Nanocellulose crystal (NCC) has attracted considerable attention due to

its ability to offer materials with fascinating properties and high

performance. In this preliminary study, we report the production of

iridescence nanocellulose film from oil palm empty fruit bunch

microcrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-MCC). Obtained results showed

that NCC was successfully synthesized using a sequence of TEMPO

oxidation, followed by NCC isolation by sonication having a total yield

of 67 %. This method significantly increases the carboxyl content of

NCC from 0.34 mmol COOH g-1 (untreated) to 1.92 mmol g-1 (treated).

Characterization of the product using transmission electron microscopy

(TEM) shows that the isolation of NCC has changed the initial

morphology of the fibre to nano-size. The iridescence nanocellulose

film as prepared from OPEFB-NCC by using the casting method shows

that the iridescent color intensity increases with the NCC concentration.

The phenomenon of colour changes shows that the colour deposition

can be time-tuned to the entire visible spectrum by modulating the

illumination and viewing angle. SEM images of the surface

morphology of iridescence nanocellulose film show some orientation of

film morphology for higher concentration of NCC.

Key words: Nanocellulose Crystal (NCC), iridescence nanocellulose

film, oil palm empty fruit bunch microcrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-

MCC), colour changes


12

Characteristics of Red Algae Bioplastics/Latex Blends

under Tension

M. Nizar Machmud,1, Reza Fahmi1, Rohana Abdullah2,3, Coco

Kokarkin4

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Syiah Kuala,

Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111 Indonesia 2Department of Agrotechnology, University of Bandung Raya, Jln.

Cikutra No. 171 Bandung, 40124 Indonesia 3 Post Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Padjadjaran, Jl.

Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, 45363 Indonesia 4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Centre Ujung Batee, Jln.

Krueng Raya Km. 16, Ujung Batee, Banda Aceh, 23000 Indonesia Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Cassava, corn, sago and the other food crops have been commonly used

as raw materials to produce green plastics. However, plastics produced

from such crops cannot be tailored to fit a particular requirement due to

their poor water resistance and mechanical properties. Nowadays,

researchers are hence looking to get alternative raw materials from the

other sustainable resources to produce plastics. Their recent published

studies have reported that marine red algae, that has been already

widely used as a raw material for producing biofuels, is one of the

potential algae crops that can be turned into plastics. In this work,

Eucheuma Cottonii, that is one of the red alga crops, was used as raw

material to produce plastics by using a filtration technique. Selected

latex of Artocarpus altilis and Calostropis gigantea was separately then

blended with bioplastics derived from the red algae, to replace use of

glycerol as plasticizer. Role of the glycerol and the selected latex on

physical and mechanical properties of the red algae bioplastics obtained

under a tensile test performed at room temperature are discussed.

Tensile strength of some starch-based plastics collected from some

recent references is also presented in this paper.

Key words: red algae, latex, tensile properties


13

Study on the Effect of Calcination Temperature of

Gaharu Waste for Silica Production

Nurul Amira Shazwani, Z.*1, Ku Halim, K.H.1, Mohibah, M.1, Kamariah

Noor, I.1, Miradatul Najwa, M.R.1

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,40450

Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Agarwood is a non-timber forest product with major proportion of retail

value, having had a long history of exploitation and trade for its

aromatic resin especially for oil extraction. The process of oil extraction

from the resin produced abundant of agarwood waste. With current

increments of agarwood production, if the biomass is not properly

utilized, it will become tremendous waste, causing environmental

pollution. White ash, containing majority of SiO2 with traces amount of

other elements was successfully produced from agarwood waste. A

29% silica powder could be produced after heat-treating at 550ºC for 24

hours, thus, creating a possibility for utilization of agarwood waste as

an alternate source of silica production. The aim of the present work is

to verify the calcination temperature for obtaining silica from agarwood

waste after the hydro distillation process of oil extraction. The expected

results are later analysed using CHNOS, FESEM/EDX, FTIR and

thermal analyser.

Key words:Agarwood waste (AW), Agarwood waste ash (AWA),

silica, calcination, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)


14

Cellulose Diacetate from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

Cellulose

Fauzi Muhammad Djuned1, Teku Muhammad Asnawi, Wan Rosli Wan

Daud

1Bioresource, Paper and Coating Division, School of Industrial

Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang,

Malaysia


Abstract

Cellulose acetate (CA) is one of the most important cellulose

derivatives, includes cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate. The

widest applied of CAs is diacetate with degree of substitution (DS)

from 2.2-2.7. Commercially, cellulose acetate is produced from cotton

and wood dissolving pulp, this paper reports on the effort of producing

CA from cheaper raw material i.e. oil palm empty fruit bunches

(OPEFB). Acetylation of cellulose was carried out at room temperature

using acetic anhydride as acetylating agent, acetic acid as solvent and

sulfuric acid and sodium bisulfate as catalysts. Degree of substitution

(DS) of the product was controlled by acetylation time and ratio of

acetic anhydride to cellulose. The product was characterized in terms of

molecular weight (MW), FTIR, NMR and XRD, and compared with

commercial cellulose acetate. The results indicate that cellulose

diacetate produced from OPEFB cellulose had similar characteristics

with commercial cellulose acetate and potentially to be developed

commercially.

Key words: cellulose diacetate, acetylation, EFB


15

Characterization of Activated Carbon Produced from

Urban Organic Waste

Abdul Gani Haji1, Gustan Pari2, Muhammad Nazar1 and Habibati1

1Department of Chemistry, FKIP Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam,

Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2Forest Product Research and Development Centre, Bogor, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of activated carbon

from urban organic waste. Charcoal results of pyrolysis of organic

waste activated with KOH 1.0 M at a temperature of 700 and 800oC for

60 to 120 minutes. Characteristics of activated carbon were identified

by Furrier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy

(SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). However, their quality is

determined yield, moisture content, ash, fly substances, fixed carbon,

and the power of adsorption of iodine and benzene. The identified

functional groups on activated carbon, such as OH (3448,5-3436,9 cm-

1), and C=O (1639,4 cm-1). In general, the degree and distance between

the layers of active carbon crystallites produced activation in all

treatments showed no significant difference. The pattern of activated

carbon surface topography structure shows that the greater the pore

formation in accordance with the temperature increase the more

activation time needed. The yield of activated carbon obtained ranged

from 72.04 to 82.75%. The results of characterization properties of

activated carbon was obtained from 1.11 to 5.41% water, 13.68 to

17.27% substance fly, 20.36 to 26.59% ash, and 56.14 to 62.31% of

fixed carbon . Absorption of activated carbon was good enough at

800oC and 120 minutes of activation time, that was equal to 409.52

mg/g of iodine and 14.03% of benzene. Activated carbon produced has

less good quality, because only the water content and flying substances

that meet the standards.

Key words: organic waste, carbonization, KOH activation, quality of

activated carbon


16

Alternative Fibre Sources from Gracilaria Sp and

Eucheuma Cottonii for Papermaking

M. Nizar Machmud,1, Fauzan Fadi 1, Zahrul Fuadi 1, Coco Kokarkin 2

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Syiah Kuala,

Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111 Indonesia 2Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Centre Ujung Batee, Jln.

Krueng Raya Km. 16, Ujung Batee, Banda Aceh, 23000 Indonesia Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Private sectors have invested in the technology to grow some

Gelidialian red algae families and also tried to convert the algae to pulp

and paper over the last few years in order to replace raw materials from

wood. Several modern systems with their all complexities which are

similar to the wood pulp-based papermaking technology have been

offered to overcome any recent issues settle in the converting process.

Chemical bleaching agents have even been still a standard treatment

that must be established for properly converting the algae pulp to a

sheet of paper. In this present work, the two genus of red algae, called

Gracilaria and Eucheuma, were simply processed to make pulps

without use of any bleaching chemical agents. The potential use of

pulps made of the red algae as raw materials for papermaking was

mechanically studied by testing the sheets made of the red algae

through a tensile test at a room temperature under 20 mm/min

according to ASTM D 828-97 (2002). Tensile properties of the

proposed algae-based paper sheets obtained under the constant rate are

discussed. Tensile properties of the selected wood-based paper sheets

obtained under the same condition are also presented in this paper. The

results showed that pulps made of the red algae would be the alternative

to those of the wood and other natural fibres as raw materials for

papermaking.

Key words: red algae, papermaking, paper sheet, tensile properties


17

Analysis the Different Types of Nano Sensors on Based

of Structure and its Applications on Nano Electronics

Hefzollah Mohammadian*1, Mohammad Bagher Heidari 1, Elaheh

Esfandiarijahromi 2

1Department of of Telecom, South Pars Gas Complex, Azad University

of Bushehr, Iran. 2Department of Instrument, South Pars Gas Complex, Shiraz

University, Iran


Abstract

In this paper investigates and analyses the structure of nano sensors will

be discussed. The structure can be classified based of nano sensors:

quantum points, carbon nanotubes and nano tools, which details into

each other and in turn are analyzed. Then will be fully examined to the

Carbon nanotubes as chemical and mechanical sensors. The following

discussion, be examined compares the advantages and disadvantages as

different types of sensors and also it has feature and a wide range of

applications in various industries. Finally, the structure and application

of Chemical sensor transistors and the sensors will be discussed in air

pollution control.

Key words: carbon nanotubes, quantum points, chemical sensors,

mechanical sensors, chemical sensor transistors, Single Walled

Nanotube (SWNT), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM).


18

Purification of Sugar Cane Juice by Ultrafiltration

Membrane

Cut Meurah Rosnelly*, Umi Fathanah

Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,

Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia *Corresponding author:

[email protected]/[email protected]

Abstract Separation technology of membrane can be used in the separation and

purification of sugar cane to produce a good quality juice. The process

of this technology safely because without use of chemicals and can be

done at room temperature so it has lower operating costs than

conventional separation technologies. On refining sugar cane,

ultrafiltration membrane process replaces sulfitation stage.

Specifications cellulose diacetate membranes used are flat with a pore

size of 67 kDa and the membrane surface area of 12.56 cm2. Conducted

prior separation of heavy impurities from sugar cane using a cloth filter

and then sugar cane carried by bulk filtration using a membrane with a

transmembrane pressure variation (TMP) of 60, 120, and 180 kPa at a

flow rate of 7.4 x 10-3 L/m2.hr. The performance of membrane flux is

obtained around 36-165 L/m2.hr in the range 60-180 kPa in the TMP.

Turbidity reduction about 40% and suspended solid decreased 95.65%.

Changes in pH, Brix, and the degree of polarization are not too big as

there is too much damage to sugar sucrose inversion.

Keywords: membrane technology, cellulose diacetate membrane,

purification of sugar cane juice.

mailto:[email protected]/

mailto:[email protected]/


19

Making and Characterizing Bioplastic from Cassava

(Manihot utilissima) Peel Starch with Sorbitol as

Plasticizer

Umi Fathanah*1, Mirna Rahmah Lubis1, Cut Meurah Rosnelly1, Ryan

Moulana2

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala

University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2Department of Agriculture Product Technology, Syiah Kuala

University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Cassava peel is agriculture product waste that is very potential to be one

of raw materials of environmentally friendly bioplastic. Bioplastic or

biodegradable plastic is plastic material that could be degraded in

environment, and made of renewable material such as starch, cellulose,

lignin, lipid, and protein. In this research, study on making bioplastic

from cassava peel starch and chitosan is carried out with sorbitol as

plasticizer, by varying sorbitol concentration addition of 30 and 50%,

and starch to chitosan ratio of 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4 (% w) at

gelatinization temperature of 80oC. Research result indicates that the

best mechanical property of bioplastic for tensile strength value as large

of 1.37 Mpa is obtained at sorbitol addition of 30% with starch:chitosan

ratio of 7:3. Modulus Young value as large of 3.7 Mpa is obtained at

sorbitol addition of 30% and pati:chitosan ratio of 8:2, and elongation

% value as large of 26.55% is obtained at sorbitol addition of 50%, and

starch:chitosan ratio of 9:1.

Key words: bioplastic, cassava peel starch, chitosan, sorbitol


20

Utilization of Agarwood Distillation Waste in Oilwell

Cement and Its Effect on Free Water and Porosity

Arina Sauki*1, Muhammad Hazman Md Shahid1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid1,

Azlinda Azizi1, Siti Khatijah Jamaludin1, Tengku Amran Tengku

Mohd1, Nur Hashimah Alias1

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering,Universiti Teknologi MARA,40450

Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

The intent of this research is to utilize the waste produced by distillation

process of Agarwood oil and convert it into a profitable oilwell cement

additive. Common problem during oilwell cementing is free wáter

separation. This problem could weaken cement at the top, gas migration

problem and non-uniform density of cement slurry that are even worst

in cementing deviated well. Another concern on cementing design is the

porosity of the hardened cement. If the cement is too porous, it can lead

to gas migration and casing corrosion. All tests were conducted

according to API Specification-10B. Free water test was determined at

different concentrations of Agarwood Waste Additive (AWA), different

inclination angles and different temperatures. Based on the findings, it

was observed that zero free water was produced when 2% BWOC of

AWA was used at all angles. The findings also revealed that AWA can

maintain good thermal stability as it could maintain zero free water at

increased temperature up to 60˚C. The porosity of AWA cement was

comparable with standard API neat cement as the porosity did not differ

much at 2% BWOC of AWA. Therefore, it can be concluded that the

AWA is suitable to be used as an additive in oil well cement (OWC)

with 2% BWOC is taken as the optimum concentration.

Key words: oilwell cement, agarwood waste, free water, porosity,

inclination angle


21

Development of Empty Fruit Bunch as Bio-Matrix for

Methane Production from Aged Leachate in an

Anaerobic Digester

Nur Fatin Dahlia, M.S*1, Ku Halim, K.H2

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam,

Selangor 40450, Malaysia 2Center of Environmental Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Both empty fruit bunch (EFB) and aged leachate have issues of their

disposals. This paper investigates the prospective of incorporating both

wastes, turning them into valuable green energy. EFB was subjected to

sonication treatment for preparation as bio-matrix and incorporated

together with aged leachate in an anaerobic digester for methane, CH4

production. Sonication of EFB was to promote site formation to

enhance microorganisms’ growth, which resulted in higher methane

production. Digestion was performed for 48 hours at temperature 35°C

with various bio-matrix mass of 20 – 60g, in order to promote

methanogenesis activity. Results showed that digestion at 35 °C with

20g bio-matrix produced bio-gas containing 53 ppm CH4. Whereas

digestions with 40g and 60g bio-matrix mass produce bio-gas with

1890 ppm and 1480 ppm of CH4, respectively. As a conclusion, mass of

bio-matrix in the digestion affects CH4 concentration in bio-gas

produced, however not directly in proportion. In addition, EFB shows a

great potential to be used as bio-matrix in CH4 production form aged

leachate.

Key words: sonication, methanogenesis, methanogens, landfill

leachate, alternative energy.

The 7th International Conference of Chemical Engineering on

Science and Applications

22

Decolorization of Textile Wastewater Using

Lactobacillus delbrueckii

Nurhaslina C. R1, Nazihah M.1

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

Shah Alam, Selangor


Abstract

In textile industry, wet processing is the utmost processes contribute

to water pollution problems. Hence, it is significant to do research

for the preservation of the environment. The aim of this present

research is to study the effectiveness of Lactobacillus delbrueckii on

decolorization of remazol dyes present in the textile effluent.

Response surface methodology (RSM) has been employed to design

experiment in order to determine the optimum process parameter for

bacterial decolorization. A total of 20 experiments were run and a

quadratic model was generated for dye decolorization. The RSM

identified that dye concentration of 0.2 ml/ml, pH 7 and temperature

33.5°C were the optimum conditions for decolorization. The result of

analysis shows that the highest percentage of textile wastewater

decolorization for 24 hours was 26 %.

Key words: textile industry; decolorization; Lactobacillus

delbrueckii




23

Effect of Baffled Bioreactor Compartment Design on

COD Removal Performance: A Preliminary Study

Hisbullah1, Syahiddin Dahlan Said*1

1Department of Chemical Engineering University of Syiah Kuala,

Banda Aceh, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

In designing a baffled reactor, there are many factors

affectingperformance that can be explored to further improve the

performance of the reactor. One of them is design of compartment.

In this research, the effect of the compartment design of the

bioreactor on COD removal performance was studied through CFD

model simulation. Two types of design were considered, i.e. right

angle and fillet compartment base. The feasibility of the model for

use in the simulation study was verified with respect to the amount

of methane producedin experimental study reported by other

researcher. The simulation results showed that the performance of

reactor with fillet compartmentwas better where turbulence flow

generated was higher in magnitude. This factor can in turn enhance

the rate of glucose decomposition.

Keywords: baffled bioreactor, COD removal, computational

fluiddynamics, glucose decomposition



24

Mercury Emission from Kapar Energy Ventures

(KEV) Power Plant Using Coal as Combustion Media

Kamariah Noor Ismail*1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid1, Nurul Huda

Abdullah1 & Mohibah Musa1


40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia


Abstract

The main purpose of this research is to study the mercury emission

from KEV Power Plant at the variation of depth and distance and to

analyse the concentration of mercury emission by using ICP-OES.

This research is also done to evaluate the level of mercury toxicity

by using multiple linear regression method. Nine samples of soil

were collected outside the buffer zone of KEV Power Plant. Then,

the samples of soil were going to the drying process before these

samples were sieve and homogenized in the mechanical shaker to get

the ashing samples. Then, the ashing samples were weight and mix

up with the HCl and HNO3. Then, these solutions were filtered and

transferred to a conical flask filled with distilled water. After that,

these solutions were taken and filled in the vial tube and the intensity

of these solutions was analysed by using ICP-OES. Based on the

result, the background mercury concentration in soil at the study area

was estimated to be 0.003661 ppm and 0.0051549 ppm. The

regression value of this work was R2=0.5920 and the confidential

level was 76.94%. As a conclusion, mercury concentration that

released from KEV Power Plant was under the stack gas emission

standard limit which permissible by the DOE in Malaysia and the

study area around KEV power plant is safe for human and natural

habitats.

Key words: mercury emission, soil, ICP-OES, power plant



25

Coagulant from Chemically Modified Fish Scale for

Textile Wastewater Treatment

Siti Salwa Abdullah*1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid1, Hanafiah Zainal

Abidin’ Mohibah Musa1


40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Textile manufacturing is one of the largest industrial users of process

water. This production gives rise to the major pollutant in this

industry where the discharging residue from dyeing process contains

organic and inorganic compounds and some potentially toxic

solvents. This effluent is the environmental challenge for textile

industry where the wastewater often rich in color, high pH, high

COD and BOD also low biodegradability. Therefore, complete dye

removing technology of users and environmental friendly is very

necessary. In this research, biodegradable material for coagulation-

flocculation process tailored for textile wastewater treatment was

developed based on polymeric material from fish scale. This

coagulant with particle size of 75µm was tested for real wastewater

from industry via jar tests to determine the optimum operating

condition such as the dosage of coagulant and pH. The treated textile

wastewater was found to be complying with the Parameter Limits of

Effluents of Standards A and B from Environmental Quality

(Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations 1978, from the result,

the optimum pH and dosage is 5.0 mg/l of coagulant dosage at pH

5.0 respectively. COD reduction is about 98% meanwhile the

reduction of color achieve more that 90%.

Key words: fish scale, textile wastewater, polymeric material,

coagulant, biodegradable



26

Hybrid Water Treatment System by Conventional

Method and Ultrafiltration Membranes

Bastian Arifin1, Sri Aprilia*1, Amri Amin2, Fauzi Muhammad

Djuned3


University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

2Engineering Faculty of Abulyatama University, Banda Aceh-

Indonesia 3Bioresource division School of Industrial Technology, University

Sains Malaysia, Penang-Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Water treatment for clean water with coagulation process followed

membrane process has been investigated. The water resource in this

study from two river i.e. Alue Coet Bada North Aceh, and Krueng

Tujoh West Aceh. The concentration of colour index from water

river were 103.50 and 128.10 unit, with pH about 4-5. The optimum

condition of coagulation process was found for 40 and 50 ppm

concentration of coagulant (Al(OH)3) with pH 7 and 8 from jar test

procedure. And then, this optimum condition continued filtration

with ultrafiltration membranes. Three kinds of membrane have used

for this process i.e cellulose acetate, polysulfone and

polyacrilonitrille membranes. The water river has done by

membrane processes followed with and without coagulation process.

The rejection of colour index from membrane process 30-60 %

without conventional process and 80 – 90% from hybrid process.

Key words: Water treatment, coagulation process, membrane

process, index colour of water




27

Application of Hydrothermal Treatment to High

Concentrated Sewage Sludge for Anaerobic Digestion

Process

Mikako Orikawa, Hirotsugu Kamahara, Yoichi Atsuta, Hiroyuki

Daimon*

Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi

University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho,

Toyohashi-shi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Tomato and seaweed were produced by utilizing CO2 and heat

discharged from power generation using biogas in Toyogawa

biomass park, Japan. The biogas was obtained by anaerobic

digestion with hydrothermal treatment. The hydrothermal treatment

was applied to the high concentrated sewage sludge (22 % total

solids (TS) dewatered sludge). The purpose of this study is to clarify

the effect of hydrothermal treatment on the qualities of high

concentrated sewage sludge, by analysing particulate organic carbon

(POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The hydrothermal

treatment was investigated under 10-60 min of treatment time, 180-

200 °C of temperature, 10-22 %-TS of sewage sludge concentration.

The results showed that the DOC in each condition increased

through hydrothermal treatment. The highest DOC obtained was 67

% of total carbon concentration, when the temperature was 180 °C,

treatment time was 60 min and sewage sludge concentration was 10

%-TS. Furthermore, the viscosity of treated sewage sludge was

decreased by hydrothermal treatment. The results of this study

indicated that the possibility of application of hydrothermal

treatment to high concentrated sewage sludge for anaerobic

digestion process.

Key words: sewage sludge, hydrothermal treatment, anaerobic

reaction, solubilisation




28

Physical and Biology Pretreatment of Water Hyacinth

Biomass for Cellulase Enzymes Production from

Aspergillus Niger and TrichodermaReesei

Feni Amriani*, Fatimah, Iriany

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North

Sumatera, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Indonesia

*Corresponding author : [email protected]

Abstract Water hyacinth is known to contain cellulose 27,78%, hemicellulose

37,50% and lignin 5,99%. On the production of bioethanol, cellulase

enzyme is needed to convert cellulose into glucose. Cellulase

enzyme can be produced from several types of fungus such as

Aspergillus Niger and Trichoderma Reesei. Before the water

hyacinth biomassis usedas a substrate, pre-treatment need to be done

first. In this research, physical pre-treatment conducted by reduce the

size of biomass of water hyacinth and biological pre-treatment by

relying white root fungus todegra delignin and improving

accessibility of cellulose enzymes to the cellulose, using variance of

variable fermentation time 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9 days; moisture/substrate

moisture content65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, and 85%, and the use of

fungus in mono and mix cultures respectively. The result showed

that optimum conditions for cellulose enzyme production on

physicalpre-treatment were at 7th day, 75% of moisture content, and

the use of mono culture fungus Aspergillus Niger with cellulose

enzyme activity 0.207IU/ml, and the optimum conditions of

biological pre-treatment were fermentation time at 7thday, 80% of

moisture content, and the use of mono culture fungus Aspergillus

Niger with cellulose enzyme activity 0.1056IU/ml respectively.

Key words: cellulase enzyme, Water Hyacinth, Aspergillus Niger,

TrichodermaReesei, pre-treatment, cellulose.




29

Assessment of Water Balance in A Small Island: A

Case Study in Sabang Island, Aceh Province

Izarul Machdar*1, Wahyu Rinaldi1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,

Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

Abstract The main objective of this study is to prepare a Material Flow

Analysis (MFA) approach for estimation of usage and disposal of

water in Weh Island, Sabang. The total water consumption in the

island is estimated about 1.477.534 m3 per year or 4048 m3 per day.

PDAM (public water supply) is the dominant type of supply

accounting for 70,61 % of total supply. Other using for domestic

(population) and commercial, hotel, cafeteria, market, hospital,

school, small industry, army barrack, and port is account for about

56.12%, 1,27%, 0.29%, 6.24%, 0.22%, 10.54%, 1.37%, and 0.84%

respectively. Raw water source for PDAM is supplied from Danau

Aneuk Laot (Aneuk Laot Lake). It is estimated nearby 24,88 L/s

water is supplied to consumer. Storage capacity of the lake is

calculated by using Golden Software Surfer 8. It was found that

about 6 million cubic meter of water could be stored. Currently, it is

found the capacity of about 4.281.233 m3 or reduce by 28%.

Domestic wastewater is produced of around 749.400 m3 per year and

mostly is discharged to the sea. It was suggested that individual or

communal constructed wetland could be used to maintain water

resource in Sabang Island. In addition, a regulation should be

developed to maintain water stock in the island.

Key words: MFA, Sabang Island, Small Island, water balance,

sustainable development



30

Removal of Organic Matter in Eutrophication Ponds

at Various Oxygen Supply Conditions

M. Faisal1, Hiroyuki Daimon2 and Koichi Fujie3

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,

Aceh, Indonesia 2Department of Environmental and Life Science,Toyohashi

University of Technology,Toyohashi , Japan 3Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences

Yokohama National University,Yokohama, Japan

Abstract Eutrophication problems have received considerable attention in

many countries, especially because they relate to the quality of water

supply. This research focused on the effect of oxygen dissolution on

water quality in an eutrophication pond. The study was conducted at

the Osawa pond located in Toyohashi zoo and botanical park,

Toyohashi, Japan. Pond mass balances for carbon and nitrogen were

determined, and pond water quality of turbidity, particulate organic

matter and Chlorophyll-a were monitored. The results confirmed that

the dissolved oxygen concentration of the bottom layer of the pond

increased with the supply of oxygen. The quantity of carbon in the

pond decreased with oxygen supply. However the amount of

nitrogen did not change significantly. Other parameters of turbidity,

particulate organic matter and Chlorophyll-a decrease with oxygen

supply.

Key words: eutrophication; dissolved oxygen; water quality;

carbon and nitrogen balance



31

Waste Management Option and Renewable Energy

from Tofu Processing Waste in Banda Aceh City

M. Faisal*1, Izarul Machdar1, Farid Mulana1, Hiroyuki Daimon2


Aceh, Indonesia 2Department of Environmental and Life Science,Toyohashi

University of Technology,Toyohashi , Japan


Abstract

This study discussed possible waste management option, renewable

energy and material balance, from tofu processing waste in Banda

Aceh City. There are 12 tofu processing industries in Banda Aceh

with raw materials capacity ranging from 200-350 kg/day for each

industry. Totally, about 66,000 kg of wastewater produced from

3,000 kg/day soybean in Banda Aceh. Currently, the waste has been

disposed into the environment and river without any treatment,

causing bad odours and pollution of the surface and ground water.

The management of this waste with high water content represents an

economic problem because of the high costs for disposal, treatment

and/or use. Owing to its non-cellulosic nature with high carbohydrate

and proteins, tofu processing wastewater has the potential to

produce renewable energy such as methane, biohydrogen and

ethanol. Depend on the process conditions, anaerobic digestion has

been suggested as an alternative method of removing the high-

concentration organic waste in tofu processing and at the same time

can produce a clean renewable energy source of methane and

hydrogen.

Key words: Tofu waste, renewable energy, anaerobic digestion,

organic compound, biogas.



32

Application of Electrocoagulation Process for Coal

Stockpile Wastewater Treatment

Rusdianasari*1, Susila Arita2, Eddy Ibrahim3, Ngudiantoro4

1Department of Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of

Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia

Doctoral Candidate of Environmental Science, Sriwijaya

University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Sriwijaya University,

Indralaya 30662, Indonesia 3 Department of Mining Engineering, Sriwijaya Universiy, Indralaya

30662, Indonesia 4Department of Mathematics, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya 30662,

Indonesia


Abstract Coal wastewater is characterized by high total suspended solid

(TSS), heavy metals, and low acidity (pH). The purpose of this study

was to research the effects of the operating parameters such as

applied electrical potential, number of electrodes, and reaction time

on a real coal stockpile wastewater in the continuous

electrocoagulation process. For this purpose, aluminium electrodes

were used in the presence of potassium chloride as electrolyte. It has

been shown that the removal efficiency of TSS and heavy metals

content increased with increasing the applied voltage and reaction

time. The results indicate that the electrocoagulation process is

efficient and able to achieve 88.67% TSS removal, 95.65% ferrous

removal, 99.11% manganese removal, and pH increased until 7.1 at

24 volt during 120 min. The experiments demonstrated the

effectiveness of electrocoagulation methods for the treatment of coal

stockpile wastewater.

Key words: coal stockpile wastewater, electrocoagulation, electrode



33

The Mathematical Model Reduced Levels of

Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrate Fertilizer Industry

Wastewater Using Activated Charcoal from Coffee of

Waste

Eddy Kurniawan*1, Erna Maulida, Amri Aji

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Malikussaleh University,

Reuleut, Aceh Utara 24351, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Wastewater industrial fertilizers contain various types of wastes that

are hazardous to environment, such as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and

so on. In this study, wastewater treatment is done with the fertilizer

industry using activated charcoal from coffee grounds as an

adsorbent of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. The purpose of this study

was to determine the equations adsorption according to equation

modeling approach to determine the activated charcoal to absorb the

concentration of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in wastewater fertilizer

industry. The research was conducted by using a mixing process

magnetic stirrer. Conditions laid waste volume of 50 ml. whereas

variations are done, time and weight of activated carbon adsorption.

With wastewater activated charcoal mixed in a certain time and then

filtered, the filtrate was analyzed levels of ammonia, nitrite and

nitrate. Initial concentration of ammonia wastewater 102.728 mg / L,

nitrite 15.4510 mg / L and nitrate 26.5384 mg / L. Suitable for use

equation is the Langmuir equation is used, as can be seen from the

R2 obtained close to 1. Langmuir equation in the equation is:

1. Amonia

= 0,051 mg/g, with R2 = 0.951,

2.Nitrit

= 0,100 mg/g, with R2 = 0.998,

3.Nitrat

= 0,029 mg/g , with R2 = 0.997.

Key words: activated charcoal, coffee powder, levels of ammonia,

levels of nitrite, levels of nitrate, wastewater.

706,89).0109,0(1

706,89).0109,0).(0025,0(

qe

)44,5).(1160,0(1

44,5).1160,0).(0590,0(

qe

37,15).0429,0(1

37,15).0429,0).(0294,0(

qe



34

Composition Variation Effect of Rice Straw and

Coconut Shell to Biobriquette Characteristics as

Alternative Fuel

Muhammad Yerizam*1, Muhammad Faizal*2, Marsi*3, Novia*2

1Doctoral Candidate of Enviromental Science, Sriwijaya University

Chemical Engineering Depertement of State Polytechnic of

sriwijaya, Jl. Srijaya Negara. Bukit Besar, Palembang 30139,

Indonesia 2Departement of Chemical, Engineering Faculty, Sriwijaya

University, Indralaya 30662 3Departement of Agriculture, Agriculture Faculty, Sriwijaya

University, Indralaya 30662


Abstract Rice straws have big potential when processed into solid fuel, due to

high content of volatile matter level so flammable, therefore rice

straws used as raw materials in the manufacture of biobriquette.

Biobriquette making process done by varying between rice straw and

coconut due to coconut shell already has good essential in making

biobriquette. Rice straw and coconut shell carbonated and then

performed size reduction to 60 mesh size. Raw material analysis was

conducted on moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, sulfur

content, and calorific value. . The mixing charcoal and coconut rice

straw with powder adhesive tapiuoka were doing with the

composition of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50. After the mixing,

the products scored. Further that the analysis of products included

ultimate analysis, test press, calorific value, ignition test early, the

flame time of biobriquettes, and the rate of mass reduction during

combustion with the best results were obtained the biobioquette

variation in the composition of 50:50 with 4355 cal / gr of calorific

value, 69 seconds of beginning old flame and 102 minutes of ash

briquette.

Key words: rice straw, coconut shell, biobriquettes, carbonization.




35

H2 Evolution on Lanthanum and Carbon Co-doped

NaTaO3 Photocatalyst

Husni Husin*1, Mahidin1, Zuhra1, Fikri Hasfita2


Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Malikussaleh University,

Lhoekseumawe, Aceh Utara 24300, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: [email protected];

[email protected]

Abstract

We report a carbon-modify lanthanum doped sodium tantalum oxide

powders (La-C-NaTaO3) by sol-gel process. The resultant materials

are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning

electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy

(TEM). The X ray diffraction of La-C-NaTaO3 show a single phases

with a good crystallinity and without any impurity. The samples are

exactly indexed as NaTaO3 monoclinic structure with the space

group P2/m. The SEM measurements give a smaller particle size of

doped NaTaO3 than pure NaTaO3. The effect of dopant on the

photocatalytic activity of La-C-NaTaO3 in the photocatalytic of

hydrogen generation is studied and compared with pure NaTaO3.

The results show that the rate of hydrogen evolution over La-C-

NaTaO3 is higher as compared to that of pure NaTaO3. The

enhancement of photocatalytic activity of La-C-NaTaO3

nanocrystalline is mainly due to their capability for reducing the

electron hole pair recombination. The La-C-dopant is believed to

play a key role in the enhancement of photocatalytic properties of

La-C-NaTaO3 crystalline.

Key words: photocatalyst; La-C-doped; sodium tantalum oxide;

hydrogen generation




36

Fundamental Study on Desulfurization Characteris-

tics of Bio-briquette at Low Temperature Using

Calcium Based Adsorbent

Khairil*1, Mahidin2, Asri Gani2 and Ibrahim1

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala

University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala

University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Fundamental study on desulfurization characteristics of bio-briquette

at low temperature using calcium based adsorbent was studied by

using an electric furnace laboratory scale. In the experiments, the

coal and palm shell material was selected to produce a bio-briquette

which is dolomite or egg shell was added as adsorbent as well. In

this study, the air was used as oxidizer, while the temperature in

electric furnace was varied from 150 to 400oC, respectively. The

experimental results show that the combustion temperature may

affect to bio-briquette mass decreasing fraction. In addition, the

higher percentage of biomass in bio-briquette shows the higher rate

of mass decreasing fraction as well. It is also shown that the SOX

emitted from burning of bio-briquette with dolomite additive is

lower than compared to with egg shell additive.

Key words: coal, palm shell, bio-briquette, desulfurizer, low

temperature



37

Development of Desulfurization Process for Bio-

briquette Using Natural Calcium-based Adsorbent

and Its Kinetics Evaluation for Design Purpose

Mahidin*1, Asri Gani1, Abrar Muslim1, Husni Husin1, Khairil2


Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,

Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia * Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Use of biomass as a co-fuel in coal combustion is especially

addressed for diversification of energy resource, besides for emission

reduction during the coal combustion. Some emissions releases in

the coal combustion or co-combustion are SOx, NOx, CO and CO2.

However, since the coal is still a main part in mix fuel of coal and

co-fuel, release of SOx may occur in combustion process. Therefore,

introduce of adsorbent to adsorb SO2 gas is common in the coal

combustion or co-combustion process. Calcium is a kind of

adsorbent usually use for this propose. Biomass used in this study is

palm kernel shell (PKS). The aims of this study are to observe the

effect of desulfurization temperature, type of adsorbent and ratio of

Ca/S (Ca = calcium content in adsorbent; S = sulphur content in coal

and biomass) on the desulfurization efficiency and kinetics. Ratio of

coal to PKS is 90:10 (wt/wt) and ratios of Ca to S fixed as 1:1,

1.25:1, 1.5:1, 1.75: 1 and 2:1. The mixture of coal, PKS and

adsorbent is densified by briquetting at molding pressure of 6

ton/cm2 and using binding agent of Jatropha curcas seeds and starch

to produce the bio-briquette. Desulfurization was performed at

temperatures of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 °C for 720 seconds at air

flow rate of 1.2 L/min. The results showed that the lowest levels of

SO2 for scallop shell and green mussel shell adsorbents was found at

the Ca/S of 2:1. Then, the highest desulfurization efficiency for

scallop shell was produced at the Ca/S of 2:1 and temperature of 400

°C, i.e. 90.59%. Meanwhile, for the green mussel shell, the highest

efficiency was obtained at Ca/S of 1.5:1 and temperature of 400 °C



38

as much as 84.74%. The highest reaction rate constants of

desulfurization for scallop shell provided at the Ca/S 1:1, i.e. 0.265,

whereas the highest reaction rate constants of green mussel shell

exhibited at the Ca/S 1.5:1 as high as 0.198.

Key words: bio-briquette, calcium-based adsorbents,

desulfurization, desulfurization kinetics

Development of Semiautomatic Biodiesel Apparatus

Based in Control Relay Mahlinda*1 and Rifki1

1Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Banda Aceh Jl. Cut Nyak

Dhien No.377 Lamteumen Timur Banda Aceh *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Research on the development of semiautomatic biodiesel apparatus

based in control relay has been conducted. The objective of this

research was to design a semiautomatic biodiesel apparatus based in

control relay and to study the production process as well as

characteristics of biodiesel produced. The results of research showed

that the apparatus designed has worked well, with the highest yield

obtained at a molar ratio of oil and methanol 1:4, at processing time

40 minutes and processing temperature 55 0C by using palm oil and

used cooking oil as feedstock. The results of quality testing on

biodiesel product shows that all parameters tested have met the

requirements of ASTM D6751. From the data of GCMS analysis, it

can be concluded that the results of synthesis in this research is

indeed biodiesel compounds that is methyl ester. Methyl ester

compounds derived are methyl oleate, methyl palmitate, methyl

stearate, methyl linoleic acid, methyl myristate, and other contents in

small quantities, with a total amount of 98.30% achieved by using

palm oil and 96.23% achieved by using used cooking oil.

Key words: biodiesel, semiautomatic, control relay, palm oil, used

cooking oil



39

Continuous Biodiesel Production in a Fixed Bed

Reactor with Hydrotalcite

as Heterogeneous Catalyst

Z. Helwani1,2, JeckyAsmura, N. Aziz 2, M.R. Othman*2

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Riau University, Pekanbaru

28293, Indonesia. 2School of Chemical Engineering, UniversitiSains

Malaysia,14300NibongTebal, Penang, Malaysia.

Abstract

A continuous biodiesel production from the transesterification of

jatropha oil with methanol was investigated in a fixed bed reactor

packed with hydrotalcite as a heterogeneous catalyst. The conversion

to biodiesel achieved 94.1% under the conditions: reaction

temperature of 453.15 K, methanol/soybean oil molar ratio of 9:1

and feed flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The catalyst can be regenerated in-

situ and restored to the original activity to achieve continuous

production after the catalyst deactivation. The product obtained was

mainly composed of methyl esters. It is believed that the fixed bed

reactor with hydrotalcite has a potential commercial application in

the transesterification of triglyceride.

Keywords:hydrotalcite, sol-gel, continuous transesterification, fixed

bed reactor, heterogeneuous catalyst



40

Off-Grade Palm Oil as a Renewable Raw Material for

Biodiesel Production By Two-Step Processes

Rangga Budiawan1, Zulfansyah1, WarmanFatra, Z. Helwani*1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Riau University, Pekanbaru

28293, Indonesia.

Abstract

One source of vegetable oil that has not been used and generated

from sorting process in palm oil mill is off-grade oil palm fruit.

Availability of off-grade oil palm fruit is about 7-10% for a Palm Oil

Mill with capacity 30 ton per hour and has potential to cause

environmental pollution. The objective of this research were to

produce biodiesel from off-grade oil palm fruit by two step reaction,

to characterize and to study the effect of transesterification process

condition such as concentration of NaOH catalyst, molar ratio of

methanol to oil and reaction temperature on yield, acid number,

density and viscosity of biodiesel. Three factors Central Composite

Design (CCD) is utilized as experimental design. The effect of

process condition to responses wasanalyzed using statistical software

(Design Expert 6.0). The result showed that the highest yield of

biodiesel is 93,45% with molar ratio of methanol to oil of 10:1,

reaction temperature at 50°C and 0,75% (w/w) of NaOH. The

influence factors are concentration of NaOH catalyst and reaction

temperature. The characteristic of biodiesel such as acid value,

density, viscosity and flash point has met the standard biodiesel of

Indonesia. In this research, the process condition is not significantly

affected the characteristics of biodiesel.

Key words:biodiesel, off-grade oil palm fruit, esterification,

transesterification



41

Distillation under Very High Gravity Fermentation

Conditions

Nurhayati 1, Chieh-Lun Cheng 1, Yung-Chung Lo 1,3 , Jo-Shu Chang 1,2,3*

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung

University, Tainan 701, Taiwan 2 Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung

University, Tainan 701, Taiwan 3 Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National

Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan


Abstract

Very high gravity (VHG) fermentation fed with a medium

containing up to 300 g/L glucose with a production of more than

16% (v/v) ethanol can reduce the energy consumption on ethanol

distillation and distillage treatment. However, the operational

instability and the glucose utilization efficiency during fermentation

are the biggest challenges. In this work, modified PVA-immobilized

Zymomonas mobilis cells were used to enhance the efficiency of

ethanol production under VHG conditions. Moreover, continuous

ethanol fermentation was integrated with in-situ ethanol removal via

vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) to overcome the problems

associated with product inhibition and the resulting low ethanol

productivity during ethanol fermentation. The developed VMD-

integrated VHG fermentation system can be successfully operated

under a feeding glucose concentrations of up to 300 g/L (or 30%

(w/v)) with a maximum ethanol concentration of 127.39 g/L (or

16.14% (v/v)), an ethanol productivity of 63.69 g/L/h and a glucose

conversion of 84.93%. This performance is significantly better than

most of reported results in the literature. This study demonstrates



42

that the integration of VMD system with continuous immobilized-

cell culture is feasible to overcome ethanol inhibition problem,

leading to a significant improvement in ethanol production

performance.

Key words: Ethanol, Zymomonas mobilis, immobilized cell, very

high gravity fermentation, membrane distillation



43

Study on the Effect of KOH Catalyst on Biodiesel

Preparation from Cotton Seed Oil in Stirred Tank

M. Husin Ismayanda1, Cut Meurah Rosnelly*1


University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected] /

[email protected]

Abstract Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils derived from renewable

resources including cotton seed through a process of

transesterification of triglycerides using KOH catalyst. The aim of

the research is to determine the effect of the amount of catalyst on

the transesterification of cottonseed oil and to determine the best

amount of catalyst. Transesterification reaction takes place at a

temperature of 60 ° C by reacting ratio of cotton seed oil and

methanol 1:2, 1:6, and 1:10 in the stirred tank. Catalyst of KOH used

varied in 1%, 1.5%, and 2.5% of the weight of cottonseed oil.

Separation of methyl ester (biodiesel) and glycerol from the reaction

carried out by the method of decantation after settling for 12 hours.

Washing biodiesel still contains methanol done using hot water (50 °

C) to get a layer of clear yellow biodiesel and water layers. The

maximum yield of biodiesel obtained at a ratio of cottonseed oil and

methanol 1:6 with 1% of the amount of catalyst weight of cottonseed

oil by 74.6% with reaction time 120 minutes. The resulting

approachBiodeisel ASTM and ISO standard characteristics, namely:

density (0.85 - 0.89 gr/cm3), viscosity (4.3 - 6 cSt), and acid number

(0.42 – 0.67).

Keywords: cottonseed oil, KOH, transesterification, biodiesel





44

Transesterification Reaction of Palm Oil via Modified

Dolomites for Biodiesel Production

Z.A Shajaratun Nur1,2, Y.H. Taufiq-Yap*1,2, M.F. Rabiah Nizah1,2,

Aminul Islam1,2

1Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of

Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,

Malaysia. 2Department of Chemical, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra

Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.


Abstract

Rapid energy consumption nowadays has led to the development of

renewable resources of energy such as biodiesel. Dolomite is a

potential heterogeneous base catalyst in biodiesel production.

Transesterification of palm oil via calcined dolomite catalyst gave

98.3 % of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion. In order to

obtain modified dolomite catalyst, metal oxides (Sn and Zn) were

doped separately on the AD via wet impregnation method and

calcined in air at 773 K for 3 h. The catalysts were characterized by

using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET)

surface area, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Temperature

Programmed Desorption (TPD) of CO2. The catalysts were then

employed for transesterification reaction under different conditions

(time, methanol to oil molar ratio and amount of catalyst). Sn-

dolomites (SD) reached optimum conversion (100 %) at lower

conditions i.e. 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio in 4 h compared to

Zn-dolomites (ZD) and AD. The activities of these catalysts were

found depending on the basicity and the surface area of the catalyst

used.

Key words: biodiesel, transesterification, palm oil, heterogeneous

catalyst, dolomites, tin oxide, zinc oxide.



45

Transesterification of Non-Edible Jatropha curcas Oil

to Biodiesel Using Bi2O3-La2O3 Catalyst

M.F. Rabiah Nizah1,2 , Y.H. Taufiq-Yap*1,2 , Z.A. Shajaratun Nur1,2,

and Aminul Islam1,2

1Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of

Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,

Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra

Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract

Biodiesel is gaining more attention since it is a renewable source of

energy that can be an alternative for petroleum based diesel fuels.

Biodiesel is even more preferable since it can be produce easily via

transesterification reaction. Jatropha Curcas oil (JCO) is one of the

feasible source since it is a non-edible oil, hence no competition over

food resources. In this study, Bi2O3 (1-7 wt.%) supported on La2O3

was prepared for simultaneous esterification and transesterification

of JCO and its potential as heterogeneous catalyst was assessed.

These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET

surface area, temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (TPD-CO2)

and temperature programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD-NH3). Under

optimum transesterification condition at 150°C with catalyst amount

of 2 wt.%, methanol/oil molar ratio of 15:1 and reaction time of 4 h,

5 wt.% of Bi2O3 on La2O3 catalyst gave the highest fatty acid methyl

ester (FAME) conversion of 93%. This catalyst was maintained 87%

of FAME conversion after three times of successive reuse.

Key words: biodiesel, transesterification, Jatropha curcas oil,

heterogeneous catalyst



46

Application of Response Surface Methodology in

Extraction of Bioactive Component from Palm Leaves

(Elaeis guineensis)

Nur Afiqah Arham1, Nurul Amal Nadhirah Mohamad1, Junaidah

Jai*1, Jagannathan Krishnan1, Noorsuhana Mohd Yusof1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The hydroxyl groups of the polyphenols are capable to act as

reducing agent for reduction reaction. The effect of drying

temperature, extraction temperature and extraction duration were

evaluated using central composite design which consists of 20

experimental runs. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used

to estimate the optimum parameters in extracting polyphenols from

the palm leaves. The correspondence analysis of the results yielded a

quadratic model which can be used to find optimum conditions of

extraction process. The optimum extraction condition of drying

temperature, extraction temperature and extraction duration are

70°C, at 70°C of 10 minutes, respectively. Total polyphenols were

determined by application of the Folin-Ciocalteu micro method and

the extract was found contain of 8 mg GAE/g dry palm leaves at

optimum conditions.

Key words: extraction, hydroxyl, palm leaves, polyphenols,

response surface methodology



47

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Crude Xylanase from

Aspergilus niger

Wan Zahira Hanis Wan Zin*1, Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi1,

Norazlina Idris 2


40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur

Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract Study of enzymatic hydrolysis on crude enzyme which is xylanase

from Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) was performed. Enzyme

kinetic parameters Vmax and Km of crude xylanase were determined.

Xylanase can be consumed in paper and pulp industry and also in

animal feed industry. The crude xylanase used in this study was from

oil palm leaf as the substrate instead of using natural xylan which is

very costly. For the enzymatic hydrolysis study, the substrate

concentration which is Birchwood xylan was varied from 0.04%

(w/v) until 1.6% (w/v). Crude enzyme with concentration of 0.1

U/ml was added and incubated at 50°C for 15 minutes. Then, the

reading of absorbance was taken at 540 nm. The results indicated

that for Lineweaver-Burk plot, Vmax was 0.102, Km was 3.4995 and

R2 was 0.9345. Lineweaver-Burk plot was the best plot since its R2 is

the highest compared to the Michaelis Menten, Langmuir and Eadie

Hofstee plots. By using commercial enzyme (xylanase), the results

shown that for Lineweaver-Burk plot, Vmax was 25.5102, Km was

2.5153 and R2 was 0.9692. This shows that the Km of commercial

xylanase has 41.82% lower than the Km of the crude xylanase. It

means that the crude xylanase is potential to use in the industries.

The enzyme activity for crude xylanase was 53 U/ml and protein

concentration was 0.7785. The percent yield of crude enzyme was

97.74%.

Key words: enzymatic hydrolysis, Vmax, Km, xylanase, oil palm leaf



48

A Review on Cocoa Butter Equivalent Production via

Enzymatic Interesterification

Reiza Mutia*1,2, Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel1, Ida Idayu

Muhammad1

1Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical

Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor

Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Scholarship Grantee of Amanah Pelalawan Foundation, Indonesia *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Cocoa butter (CB) is an important major constituent of chocolate and

other confectionary products that contributes to the desirable textural

and sensory properties. However several factors such as premium

price, uncertainty in supply and variability in quality, have led the

search for an alternative from available and cheap commercial oils or

fats. One of alternative fats for CB replacement is cocoa butter

equivalent (CBE) which has similar physicochemical characteristics

as CB and are therefore compatible with cocoa butter. They are used

for (partial) replacement of CB in chocolate. There are several

methods that are commonly used in CBEs production including

blending natural fats, fractionation, hydrogenation and

interesterification, chemically or enzymatically. Recently, enzymatic

interesterification becomes an option for research to obtain specialty

fats like CBE, because of the inherent advantages associated with the

enzymatic process. Therefore this review highlights the enzymatic

interesterification in CBE production, including type of raw

materials, type of reactions, reaction conditions, sources of enzyme,

and reactor used in CBE production.

Key words: cocoa butter, cocoa butter equivalent, enzymatic

interesterification



49

The Alkaline-Ozonolysis Pretreatment and

Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

(SSF) for the Production of Bioethanol from Rice

Straw

Novia*1,3, Hermansyah2,3 and Arif Nurrahman 3

1Chemical Engineering, Technical Faculty, Sriwijaya University,

Inderalaya, SUMSEL, Indonesia 2Chemistry, Mathematics and Science Faculty, Sriwijaya University,

Inderalaya, SUMSEL, Indonesia 3Chemical Engineering, BKU Environmental Technology Master

Degree Program UNSRI

Corresponding author: [email protected].

Abstract The utilization of rice straw to produce bioenergy such as bioethanol

is one of the most strategies for overcoming fossil fuel crisis. The

mixture between the highly purity bioethanol and gasoline (gasohol)

leads the increasing of octan number. Rice straw contains cellulose

which is the raw material of the second generation of bioethanol. In

this research, the straw was pretreated with ozonolysis-alkaline

pretreatment. The ozonolysis were carried out in fixed bed reactor

after the alkaline pretreatment process. The particle size of biomass

on the ozonolysis-alkaline pretreatment showed the significant

effects on the degradation of lignin. Additionally, the ozonolysis-

alkaline pretreatment experiments evidenced a degradation of lignin.

The ethanol production from rice straw was investigated by using the

simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with cellulase

enzyme from the aspergilus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The results showed that the highest ethanol concentration is about

110,97 mg/l which is obtained at the SSF time of 120 hours dan the

yeast concentration of 20 mL.

Key words: alkaline pretreatment, bioethanol, rice straw, SSF,

ozonolysis



50

Physicochemical Properties of Pectin from Cocoa Pod

Husk Extracted with Ammonium Oxalate through

Different Extraction Time and pH

Irfan*1, Asmawati1, Fahrizal1, Cut Erika1

1Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Syiah Kuala

University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L) is one of the local superior

commodities in Aceh Province. The production of cocoa continues to

increase significantly every year. Cocoa Pod husk is a waste product

of cocoa beans industry which is containing pectin with

concentration ranged between 2-10%. Pectin extraction is one of the

potential researches to increase economic value of cocoa pod husks.

This study aimed to determine the effect of extraction time and pH

on the characteristics of cocoa pod husk pectins. Pectin was

extracted from cocoa pod husks using ammonium oxalate, extraction

time (60 and 120 min) and pH (2.6, 3.6 and 4.6). The use of

ammonium oxalate produced high yield of pectin ranged from 6.63

to 12.75%, moisture content was 7,36 to 10,77%, methoxyl content

was 5.19 to 5.70%, anhydrogalacturonic acid of 59.84 to 63.14%,

the esterification degree was 48.43 to 51.43 % and relative viscosity

was 40 – 186,6 cP. The extraction time for 60 minutes at pH 3,6

showed a higher yield compared to 120 min at pH 4,6. Pectin on the

extraction time of 60 minutes at pH 3.6 had the highest relative

viscosity was 186,6 cP, and the lowest viscosity of pectin obtained at

pH 2.6 and extraction time of 60 min which was 40 cP.

Key words: cocoa pod husks, ammonium oxalate, extraction time,

pH



51

Application of Fuzzy Logic System to Monitoring

Equilibrium Moisture Content of Pistachio Powder

During Storage

Hamid Tavakolipour*1, Mohsen Mokhtarian2

1Associated Professor, Department of Food Engineering, Sabzevar

Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran. 2PhD Candidate, Department of Food Engineering, Sabzevar

Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran.

Abstract Fuzzy logic system is a one of powerful tools in field of engineering

science especially food science. In this study in order to anticipation

the equilibrium moisture content (absorption/desorption) of pistachio

powder was used from this tool. To do in this aim, initially, the fuzzy

logic toolbox in MATLAB was used to modelling equilibrium

moisture content of pistachio powder. Air temperature and water

activity(aw) were selected as input variables and equilibrium

moisture content (absorption/desorption) were selected as output

variables. Linguistic variables were defined for both input and output

variables. Generally, 32 IF-THEN rules with AND operator was

obtained for moisture sorption isotherm of pistachio powder. The

result showed that, fuzzy model was able to predict absorption and

desorption moisture content with R2 value equal 0.9959 and 0.9869,

respectively.

Keywords:fuzzy logic, sorption isotherm, modelling, prediction,

pistachio powder



52

High-Productivity Ethanol Production by Modified

PVA-Immobilized Zymomonas mobilis through

Continuous Culture combining Vacuum Membrane

Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell into Liquid Smoke:

Potential Application for Biopesticides in Aceh

Province

Asri Gani*1, Husni2, Akhmad Baihaqi 3, M. Faisal1


Aceh, Indonesia 2Department of Agrotechnology, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh,

Indonesia 3Department of Agribusiness, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh,

Indonesia

*Coorresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract This paper reports results of field survey of solid residue from palm

oil industry, especially PKS and its possibility for liquid smoke

production in Aceh Province. At present, there are about 0.182

million tons of PKS available annually in Aceh and only 40-60% of

PKS has been used to generate electricity in the factory. In some

factories, PKS has not been utilized and only sold at a very cheap

price. In fact, the PKS can be converted into biopesticides for

agricultural applications. Preliminary experiment at 260oC showed

that the liquid smoke could be produced from pyrolysis of PKS.

About 30% of PKS was converted into liquid smoke, while the

remaining charcoal can be densified into briquettes at high

temperature using screw extrusion technology. With the assumption

of 10% of PKS residue are converted into liquid smoke, about 0.005

million tons of liquid smoke for biopesticides could be produced in

Aceh province. The liquid smoke contains some component such as

ketone, furan and pyran derivate, phenol and its derivate, guaiacol

and its derivate, syringol and its derivate, and alkyl aryl ether, which

can acts as biopesticides.

Key words: palm kernel shell, pyrolysis, liquid smoke, biopesticides



53

Numerical Simulation of A Vortex Tube and Study

the Interior Behaviour of Working Fluid

Meisam Sadi*1, Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord1, Koroush Akhlaghi2,

Hasan Eftekhari2

1Department of Mechnical Engineering, Shahrood

University,Semnan, Iran 2South Khorasan gas company, Iran


Abstract Vortex tube as a spot cooling device has several industrial

applications. This paper presents a study of vortex tube performance

predicted by a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. The CFD

model is a two-dimensional (2-D) steady axisymmetric model (with

swirl) extracted from a manufactured vortex tube that utilizes the

renormalization group (RNG) k-epsilon turbulence model. CFD has

been used to understand the fluid behaviour in the vortex tube. The

objective of this paper is the demonstration of separation mechanism

by numerical solution comprehensively. Specifically, the CFD exit

temperature, velocity and pressure in different sections of the vortex

tube are studied and the discripancy of trends explained. It is

observed that as pressure is increased, thermal separation increases

significantly

Key words: vortex tube, CFD, turbulent flow, thermal separation



54

Agarwood Waste as A New Fluid Loss Control Agent

in Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Azlinda Azizi*1, Mohd Shahrul Nizam Ibrahim1, Ku Halim Ku

Hamid1, Arina Sauki1, Nurul Aimi Ghazali1, Tengku Amran Tengku

Mohd1


40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.


Abstract

Agarwood has been used widely in various ways, including

traditional medicine and art. The usage of agarwood has grown

broader in modern times include in therapeutic medicines and

perfumery. In this paper the agarwood waste has been explored to be

used as a fluid loss control agent to control fluid loss without

affecting the drilling fluid rheological properties which are density,

pH, viscosity, yield point and gel strength. Agarwood waste was

used as an additive in the drilling fluid system due to its unique

characteristic. Rheological and filtration measurements were

performed on the formulated water-based drilling fluid. Formulations

of a base solution of fresh water, sodium hydroxide, bentonite,

barite, and xanthan gum were presented. The performance of the

agarwood waste as the fluid loss control agent was compared with

based fluid formulation and water-based drilling fluid with treating

with conventional fluid loss control agent (starch). The filtrate

volume of drilling fluid with agarwood waste was about 13 ml while

for drilling fluid with conventional fluid loss control agent, starch

gave 12 ml of filtrate volume after undergoing filtration test by using

LPLT filter press. The performance of drilling fluid with agarwood

was efficient as drilling fluid with starch.

Key words: fluid loss control agent, water-based drilling fluid,

rheological test, filtration test and agarwood.



55

Analysis of the Fouling Mechanism during

Ultrafiltration of Momordica charantia Juice

Rafeqah Raslan*1, Rahimah Mustafa, Nurul Nadia Azmi, Lim Ying

Pei , Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf.

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi MARA,

Shah Alam , Malaysia


Abstract

Ultrafiltration membrane is one of the effort that have been

attempted in concentrated juice processing. Pluronic F127 is a

potential copolymer with an appropriate hydrophilic/lipophilic

balance to be employed to produce hydrophilic membranes to reduce

membrane fouling. The fouling mechanisms such as static and

dynamic fouling during Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia, MC)

juice were examined by ultrafiltration using self-prepared

Polysulfone/Pluronic F127 blend membranes. The static and

dynamic fouling mechanisms were quantified by using the relative

permeability reduction, RPR. The dynamic fouling was identified as

the main contributor for blend membranes while the static fouling

was significant to control membrane. The MC juice components

were found to penetrate into the membrane matrix of the blend

membranes, however for control membrane the MC juice

compounds were adsorbed on the membrane surface. Since the blend

membrane is more hydrophilic, the juice components had weaker

attractive interaction with the membrane and resulting in less

adhesion on the membrane surface. Further analysis by using the

contact angle confirmed that large increase of contact angle was lead

to the fouling mechanism. More significantly, the modified

membrane exhibited lower fouling with MC juice. The outcome of

this work highlighted the improvement of the membrane efficiency

for juice clarification.

Key words: Momordica charantia juice, membrane modification,

fouling mechanisms, ultrafiltration.



56

Reaction Kinetics of Ca(OH)2 and SiO2 in a Stirred

Batch Reactor

Mariana*1, Farid Mulana1, Purwana Satriyo2


University,Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2Department of Agriculture Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,

Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Calcium hydroxide or Ca(OH)2 can be used to absorb gases

produced by incinerating process such as SO2, CO2, HCl. The

absorption of the gases produced by incinerating process using pure

Ca(OH)2 itselft usually is not efficient, so that the addition of SiO2

additive which is able to increase reactivity of Ca(OH)2 absorben to

absorb gases is required. Pozzolanic reaction can be also occurred

thermodynamically which is proved by reaction between Ca(OH)2

absorbent and silica dioxide (SiO2) that produces calcium silicate

hydrate (CSH). The effectiveness of absorbent depended on contact

surface area. Dependent variables used in this study are 280 gram of

water, 28 gram of solid, the ratio of Ca(OH)2 to diatomea = 3 : 1,

diatomea particle size of 350 mesh and speed of 350 rpm, whereas

independent variables are reaction times of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 120

minutes and reaction temperature of 50, 65, and 80 oC. The results of

research showed that kinetic constant values at each temperature of

50, 65, and 80 oC are 1.216, 1.81 and 1.3, respectively. On the other

hand, activation energy that obtained in this study is 2.061 kJ/mol.

Key words: additives, kinetic constant, reactivity, sorbent,

thermodynamics



57

Computation of Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Ionic

Liquids using Local Composition and Pitzer Models

Ali Haghtalab1*, Marziyeh Zare2

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University,

P.O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran 2Research and Technology Department, National Iranian Gas

Company, Postal Code: 15849-17171, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Ionic Liquid, IL, is a suitable solvent for removal of acid gases from

flue and natural gases. Thus, knowledge of acid solubility in ILs and

its phase behavior with CO2 are necessary in gas absorptions and

the other separation processes. In this work, the (extended) Henry’s

law is used at zero pressure to correlate the solubility data of CO2 in

nine Ionic Liquids. For computation of vapor-liquid equilibria of IL-

CO2 systems, the gaseous phase is considered as nearly pure carbon

dioxide with modification of alpha function by Mathias and

Copeman, Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used for

gaseous phase. For presenting the nonideality of liquid phase the

three activity coefficient models such as Non-electrolyte Wilson

Non-Random Factor (N-Wilson-NRF), Non-Random Two Liquid

(NRTL), and Non-Random Two Liquid-Non-Random Factor

(NRTL-NRF) models are applied. Moreover, the Pitzer Virial

expansion model is used to compare their results with the local

composition models. The overall Average Absolute Deviation

(%AAD) for these models are 1.62, 1.61, 1.65 and 1.67, respectively.

The results of correlation of CO2 solubility in nine ILs are

investigated and it is shown that the three local compositions models

NRTL, NRTL-NRF and N-Wilson-NRF present almost with the

same accuracy.

Key words: Room Temperature Ionic liquids, NRTL, NRTL-NRF,

SRK EOS, Carbon Dioxide, extended Henry’s law.




58

Identification of Carcnogenic Volatile Organic

Compounds in New Car Cabin at Tropical Climate

Noorhazila Hamdan*1, Ku Halim Ku Hamid, Miradatul Najwa

Muhd Rodhi, and Mohibah Musa

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara

Shah Alam,45000,Malaysia


Abstract

The presence of carcinogens volatile organic compounds

inside vehicle were identified in this paper. Carcinogens

originated from the internal parts of car cabin or from man-

made activities in the cabin could be toxic and harmful to

human. Concentration of the unhealthy VOCs in the car cabin

are considerable high especially for the new one. It was found

that the VOCs contributed mainly from polymeric parts of the

car. Nevertheless, as temperature increases, the concentration

of these VOCs also increase but decrease with time. This

paper highlighted the presence and types of VOC in a new car

at different temperatures 25oC and 65oC. Toluene, xylene,

some aromatic compounds and alkanes were identified inside

a new car. As a conclusion, automotive industries should

embark into green parts installed in car cabin in order to

ensure safety and health of the driver and passengers.

Key words: Automotive, cabin, chemical, carcinogens,

temperature



59

The Study of Speech Intelligibility in the Al-

MizanMosque Syiah Kuala University

Zulfian1,2*, Lindawati2, Nizarli3, Faisal Amir2


Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia 2Acoustics Laboratory, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda

Aceh, 23111, Indonesia 3Department of Architecture Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,

Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Speech Intelligibility is an important factor indicating the acoustical

performance of a mosque. This paper describes the speech

intelligibility of The Al-Mizan Mosque, Syiah Kuala University. The

study was conducted by measuring Reverberation Time (RT) and

Speech Ttransmission Index (STI) within the mosque. The results

show that Reverberation Time (RT) measured is much higher than

those recommended, 0.6-1.2 second. A high Reverberation Time

(RT) causes interference in sound transmission that will seriously

affect the clearness of speech. The Speech Transmission index (STI)

measured is between 0.21 and 0.35. These values indicate that the

speech audibility and intelligibility of the mosque is poor. Some

acoustic treatments are needed to gain better acoustics performance

of the mosque.

Key words:speech intelligibility, reverberation time, speech

transmission index



60

Turbidity Measurement Using An Optical

Tomography System

Sallehuddin Ibrahim*, Mohd Amri Md Yunus, Mohd Taufiq Mohd

Khairi

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Teknologi

Malaysia,Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Turbidity is used to describe water quality. Turbidity can be caused

by the presence of suspended particles and organic matter such as

algae, clay and silt. The existences of chemical materials like oil and

colour ingredients also can change the turbidity level of water. The

measurement of turbidity level of water is vital to domestic water

supplies since it is related to public health and water treatment

process. Process tomography is well-known in performing direct

analysis and monitoring task in pipelines without invading the

object. This paper presents an investigation on an optical

tomography system to estimate the turbidity level in a sample of

water. The optical sensors consist of infrared light-emitting diodes

(LED) as transmitters and photodiodes as the receivers where the

projections of the sensors are designed in fan beam mode. The

system was tested using a vertical flow pipe. The Independent

Component Analysis (ICA) method was used to display the

concentration profile. Results obtained proved that the technique can

provide the concentration profile representing the turbidity level of

water.

Key words: ICA, optic, process, tomography, turbidity



61

The Effect of Important Parameter in Simulation of

Natural Gas flow through Underground Transmission

Pipeline

HasanEftekhari*1, Hamid Reza Rahbari2,Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord3

1National Iranian Gas Company, South Khorasan Gas Company,

Iran 2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of

Technology,Shahrood, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

The high pressure natural gas has to be reduced to a distribution level

in the City Gate Station (CGS). The pressure of natural gas which

transmitted to Town Border Station (TBS) with an underground

transmission pipeline has to be reduced again to reach to household

level. A Natural gas underground transmission pipeline between

CGS and TBS has simulated by solving governing equations. One-

dimensional, non-isothermal, compressible viscous flow, real gas

and steady state condition have assumed in this simulation.

Temperature and pressure profiles also temperature developed length

have been calculated for various conditions. The effect of important

parameter such as: inlet pressure, inlet temperature, ambient

temperature (soil temperature), natural gas composition and gas

hydrate formation temperature have been studied on temperature and

pressure profile. Results show inlet pressure and natural gas

composition have no big effect but inlet temperature and ambient

temperature (soil temperature) have significant effect on temperature

and pressure profile as well as on temperature developed length.

Results also show natural gas with low molar mass hydrate

formation has no serious risk in pipeline. But for natural gas with a

higher molar mass, hydrate formation has a serious risk and the

natural gas temperature along pipeline may fall below the hydrate

temperature.

Key words:natural Gas, CGS-TBS, underground transmission

pipeline, temperature development.



62

The Effect of Delignification on Paper Properties of

Acetosolv Oil Palm Frond Fibers Pulp

Nasrullah, R.C.L.1*, Wan Rosli Wan Daud2, I. Mazlan2, Teku M.

Asnawi1,2, Adisalamun1

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University,

Banda Aceh, Indonesia 2 Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School

of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800

Penang, Malaysia.

* Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Delignification of oil palm frond fibers was conducted in a 4-liter

laboratory stationary digester to investigate its influence on the paper

properties of the unbleached acetosolv pulps. The results indicated

that the tensile and burst indices increase with increasing degree of

delignification, whereas; tear index showing an opposite effect.

Brightness also increases as a result of delignification.

Key words: Oil palm frond fibers, Acetosolv pulping, yield, tensile

index, tear index, brightness, scattering coefficient.



63

Synthesis and Characteristics of Modified

Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)

Rozanna Dewi*1, Harry Agusnar2, Basuki Widyosentono2, Halimah2

1Universitas Malikussaleh, 2Universitas Sumatera Utara *Corresponding author:[email protected]

Abstract

Splendor of the issue of global warming and the environmental

concern is a major issue discussed intensively in this century. One of

the important issues regarding the environment in the world-and in

Indonesia is about plastic waste. Demands of practical lifestyle and

consumptive has encouraged increasing used of plastic each year.

Thus, it is important to develop a user friendly plastic but having

competitive strength with a conventional plastic. Modified

Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) is prepared by from local resource Sago

which is available abundantly. Polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) was

synthesized and mixed reactively with TPS in intensive mixer to

prepare modified TPS. The elastic polyol soft segments in PU played

the role of impact modifier, improving the toughness of the modified

TPS as shown from the tensile and elongation test conducted.

Key words: thermoplastic starch, polyurethane prepolymer, tensile,

elongation


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