2015 Shavehead Report 10-19-15 FINALshaveheadlake.com/uploads/3/4/8/1/34817720/2015... · The...

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Technical Report

Prepared for:

Shavehead Lake Association c/o Mr. Jack DeLee P.O. Box 399 Union, MI 49130

Kieser & Associates, LLC

536 East Michigan Ave, Suite 300

Kalamazoo, MI 49007

October 19, 2015

ShaveheadLake2015WaterQualityReport

Shavehead Lake 2015 Water Quality Report ii | P a g e

TableofContentsOVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

WATER QUALITY SAMPLING APPROACH ...................................................................................................... 3

Parameter Descriptions ............................................................................................................................ 3

Total Phosphorus .................................................................................................................................. 3

Nitrate‐Nitrogen.................................................................................................................................... 4

Alkalinity ................................................................................................................................................ 4

Chlorophyll a ......................................................................................................................................... 4

Secchi Disk Transparency ...................................................................................................................... 5

Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature ..................................................................................................... 5

pH .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

Conductivity .......................................................................................................................................... 5

RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 6

Total Phosphorus ...................................................................................................................................... 6

Nitrate‐Nitrogen........................................................................................................................................ 7

Alkalinity .................................................................................................................................................... 7

Chlorophyll a ............................................................................................................................................. 7

Secchi Disk Transparency .......................................................................................................................... 7

Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature ......................................................................................................... 7

pH .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

Conductivity .............................................................................................................................................. 8

RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 8

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................. 9

FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................................... 10

Shavehead Lake 2015 Water Quality Report 3 | P a g e

OVERVIEWThe Shavehead Lake Association (SLA) authorized Kieser & Associates, LLC (K&A) to provide water quality sampling, data analysis and reporting services for Shavehead Lake in 2015. This work is a continuation of water quality assessments performed from 1993-2004 by both another professional consultant and/or Shavehead Lake Association volunteers. Shavehead Lake is located in Cass County, Michigan in Sections 19 and 30 of Porter Township. The lake has a surface area of approximately 289 acres comprised of two deep basins connected at the south end by a shallower channel area. The west basin has a maximum depth of 58 feet and the east basin has a maximum depth of 70 feet (Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 1956). An inlet from Birch Lake enters Shavehead Lake at the north end of the west basin. Two additional unnamed inlets enter the west basin connecting the lake to nearby wetland complexes. The lake outlet to Mud Creek is located at the south end of the west basin. K&A conducted water quality sampling on Shavehead Lake to evaluate current conditions and identify any emerging upward or downward trends in key water quality parameters that might indicate improving or worsening conditions. This report summarizes K&A sampling, results and findings. The report also discusses comparisons with historical sampling and highlights recommendations to the SLA for 2016 consideration based on 2015 findings.

WATERQUALITYSAMPLINGAPPROACHK&A was contracted to collect water samples and field measurements from the historically-sampled Shavehead Lake locations. These samples were collected by K&A on July 21, 2015 from three in-lake locations: Site 1 (over the 58’ deep west basin), Site 2 (at the 40’ deep south channel area), and Site 3 (over the 70’ deep east basin). (See Figure 1 for site locations; all report figures appear after the reference section of this report and before appendices.) Samples were collected at the surface, middle and bottom locations at each site. The deepest samples are representative of water quality conditions in the bottom waters during summer temperature stratification. The samples collected from the surface at each site were analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3), total alkalinity, chlorophyll a, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature. Samples were also collected at each of the three locations from mid-depths and near the bottom for similar parameters, with the exception of chlorophyll a. In addition, Secchi disk depth was measured at each of the three locations. DO and temperature were measured from the surface of each sample site and at five foot intervals to the bottom to generate a depth profile for these parameters. The TP, NO3, and alkalinity analyses were conducted at Bio-Chem Laboratories, Inc., in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Chlorophyll a analysis was provided by Upstate Freshwater Institute (UFI) in Syracuse, NY (Laboratory analytical results are presented in Appendix A). Field parameters of pH, conductivity, DO, temperature and Secchi disk depth were measured on-site by K&A staff.

ParameterDescriptionsA discussion of the water quality parameters examined in this study is provided here to illustrate the value of these measures with respect to water quality characterization.

TotalPhosphorusBoth algae and aquatic plants require a wide range of nutrients for growth. The nutrient that typically is in shortest supply with respect to aquatic plant and algal growth needs is termed the “limiting nutrient”.


This term implies that the relative unavailability of this particular nutrient will limit plant and algae growth. In most freshwater ecosystems, phosphorus historically has been the limiting nutrient. Therefore, increases in phosphorus likely will lead to increases in nuisance plant and algae growth. This is especially true for blue-green algal blooms. The form of phosphorus most often used for general assessments of lake water quality is TP. Measured concentrations of TP in lake water can be used to determine the trophic status of the lake based on scientific data compiled for other similar inland lakes. The term “trophic state” refers to the level of primary productivity (i.e., algal growth) in an aquatic system. The four trophic states are “oligotrophic,” “mesotrophic,”, “eutrophic” and “hypereutrophic.” These correspond to low, medium, high and extremely high levels of productivity, respectively. Trophic state values (based on Michigan Department of Natural Resources data) for TP are presented in Table 1. An additional point of reference for TP values in our region is the 2000 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidance document Ambient Water Quality Criteria Recommendations for Lakes and Reservoirs in Nutrient Ecoregion VII. The TP draft criterion established in this EPA document is 14.75 µg/L.

Table 1. Lake Trophic State and Classification Ranges- Based on Michigan Data (USGS, 2012)

Lake Trophic State TP (ug/L) Chlorophyll a (ug/L) Secchi Depth Transparency (ft)

Oligotrophic <10 <2.2 >15 Mesotrophic 10-20 2.2-6 7.5-15

Eutrophic 21-50 6.1-22 3-7.5 Hypereutrophic >50 >22 <3

Nitrate‐NitrogenNitrogen is present in a number of different forms in a lake system. Inorganic nitrogen compounds are those most readily assimilated by aquatic plants and algae for growth. Nitrates (NO3) occur naturally in soil and water, though excess levels of nitrates can be considered a contaminant in both groundwater and surface waters. This form of nitrogen is readily utilized by plants and algae, promoting vegetative growth. Most sources of excess nitrates come from human activities. The source of excess nitrates usually can be traced to agricultural activities, human and animal wastes, or industrial pollution. Although excess nitrates usually are associated with some type of human activity, the source also can be naturally occurring. An example of a natural source is the presence of large numbers of birds living in or around a water body. Bird excretions that get into the water can create elevated nitrate levels. While NO3 criteria have not yet been developed in Michigan, draft criteria for Minnesota surface waters are proposed at 3.1 and 4.9 mg/L NO3 for chronic exposure (four-day average concentration cannot be exceeded more than once in a three-year period ) limits for cold and cool water communities, respectively (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 2010).

AlkalinityAlkalinity is a measure of the acid-neutralizing or “buffering” capacity of water. The higher the alkalinity in a lake, the greater the resistance to a change in pH. Alkalinity commonly is influenced by carbonates (CO3

2-) and bicarbonates (HCO3-). Michigan inland lakes have recorded alkalinity values ranging

from less than 20 to 323 mg/L as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (USGS, 2012).

ChlorophyllaChlorophyll a is a measure of the active green pigment in plants that allows them to photosynthesize. Chlorophyll a monitoring is a way to indirectly measure the amount of algae or phytoplankton in a lake water sample. Algae growth can be stimulated by excess nutrient (typically phosphorus and nitrogen)


levels in a lake. While some algae are necessary and desirable for a healthy lake ecosystem, nuisance algal blooms can create conditions that inhibit recreation and aesthetics and create potentially harmful conditions for humans and pets. Chlorophyll a levels of less than 2.2 µg/L are representative of lakes with oligotrophic (low productivity) conditions in Michigan (USGS, 2012) (Table 1).

SecchiDiskTransparencySecchi disk transparency is the depth at which a Secchi disk (a flat white or black and white platter, approximately 20 centimeters in diameter) suspended into a lake disappears from the investigator's sight. In general, the greater depth at which the Secchi disk can be viewed, the lower the productivity of the water body. Secchi depth readings of greater than 15 feet can be indicative of oligotrophic conditions (USGS, 2012) (Table 1). It’s important to note that established populations of zebra mussels in a lake can significantly increase water clarity, thus resulting in great Secchi disk readings.

DissolvedOxygenandTemperatureA sufficient supply of dissolved oxygen (DO) in lake water is necessary for most forms of desirable aquatic life. Colder waters contain more dissolved oxygen than warmer waters. Oxygen depletion can occur in deeper, unmixed bottom waters during warmer summer months in highly productive lakes. Increased algal growth associated with additional nutrients in the lake can lead to severe decreases in DO in lake bottom waters. This drop in oxygen is due, in part, to dead algae and other organic matter (such as rooted plant material broken away from shoreline areas and leaves, grass and other plant debris washed in from storm drains) settling to the bottom of the lake and decaying. This decay process is performed by organisms that consume oxygen and by chemical reactions in the sediment. The DO impacts most often are observed in bottom waters during periods of temperature stratification in warmer summer months, and to a lesser degree, under winter ice cover conditions. Dissolved oxygen levels and temperature were measured by K&A at Shavehead Lake using a YSI ProODO dissolved oxygen meter calibrated to saturated air conditions prior to use. Michigan water quality standards for surface waters designated for warm water fish and aquatic life are 5 mg/L (MDEQ, 2006).

pHThe measure of hydrogen ion activity in a particular sample is expressed as the pH value. Waters with a pH value below 7.0 generally are considered acidic while values greater than 7.0 generally are described as basic or alkaline. Lakes typically experience a fluctuation in pH level during the course of a day as photosynthetic processes occur in rooted plants and algae during the daylight hours. These processes raise the pH (by removing CO2). Respiration processes occurring in the evening hours then lower pH (by producing CO2). Decomposition can also lower pH. Since pH is measured on a logarithmic scale, a change of one pH unit corresponds with a ten-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration. In addition to direct effects on biota, low pH values also can mobilize toxic metals that are otherwise bound to sediments under higher pH conditions. K&A measured pH using an Oakton pH Tester 30 probe. The probe was calibrated using appropriate standard solutions prior to use. Michigan Water Quality Standards (Part 4 of Act 451) state that the hydrogen ion concentration expressed as pH shall be maintained within the range of 6.5 to 9.0 in all waters of the state (MDEQ, 2006).

ConductivityConductivity, or specific conductance, is the measure of the flow of electrons through water. This value relates to the total dissolved ion level, which essentially is a measure of dissolved salts present in a solution. Conductivity can serve as an indicator of septic system or road salt inputs.


K&A measured conductivity at the Shavehead Lake sites with a Eutech Ectestr 11 handheld conductivity meter. In this study, conductivity is reported as specific conductance, the temperature-compensated conductivity measurement reported by the Eutech meter. Studies of inland fresh waters indicate that streams supporting healthy fish communities range between 150 and 500 umhos/cm (US EPA, 2015).

RESULTSResults from the July 21, 2015 K&A water quality sampling activities were compiled along with the available historic water quality data to continue a consistent record of Shavehead Lake water quality. Graphs of select historic Shavehead Lake water quality data and 2015 K&A data are presented in Figures 2 through 8. (All report figures appear after the reference section of this report and before appendices.) July 21, 2015 data are presented in Table 2. A copy of the Bio-Chem and UFI Laboratory reports for 2015 results are presented in Appendix A. The entire compilation of all historic water quality data is provided in Appendix B.

Table 2. Results of July 21, 2015 Shavehead Lake Water Quality Sampling by K&A.

TotalPhosphorusTP concentrations for the 2015 in-lake surface samples (Sites 1, 2 and 3) were below the laboratory detection limit of 10 µg/L. These values are indicative of oligotrophic conditions and were the lowest surface water TP levels detected in the sampling data since April 2002. Bottom samples at each of the three sampling locations 1, 2 and 3, had TP levels of 41, 17 and 38 µg/L, respectively. The higher TP concentrations in the bottom samples suggest the occurrence of sediment phosphorus release. During periods of lake stratification (summer and winter), low dissolved oxygen levels in the bottom waters can cause sediment-bound phosphorus to become mobile and ultimately available for algal uptake upon fall and spring turnover. The highest TP value detected in the Shavehead Lake data was 82 µg/L in the Site 1 bottom sample on September 1, 1998. Bottom TP at each sampling site was also measured in 1997 and 2009. Available data show bottom TP values exceeded the surface TP values at each sampling site. TP data from 1993 to 2015 for Sites 1, 2 and 3 surface samples are presented in Figure 2. The data show surface TP levels were trending slightly upward from 1993 to 2004 and trending slightly downward from 2004 to 2015. Insufficient data are available to determine significant trends in the bottom TP levels.

Sampling stations Temp. Secchi Depth DO Conductivity pH Total Phosphorus Nitrate-N Alkalinity Chlorophyll a

(oC) (ft) (mg/L) (umhos/cm) (SU) ug/L ug/L (mg/L) (ug/L)

1 surface 26.2 8 9.24 380 8.6 <10 <100 180 1.7

1 mid 13.6 --- 15.68 420 8.57 13 <100 180 ---

1 bottom 6.4 --- 0 410 7.62 41 <100 220 ---

2 surface 26.9 10 8.92 380 8.38 <10 <100 170 1

2 mid 19.1 --- 14.67 380 8.48 12 <100 180 ---

2 bottom 8.2 --- 0.25 370 8.47 17 <100 190 ---

3 surface 26.1 8 8.98 380 8.38 <10 <100 180 1

3 mid 7.9 --- 4.48 380 8.04 38 <100 200 ---

3 bottom 5.5 --- 0 340 7.46 38 <100 220 ---


Nitrate‐NitrogenThe NO3 concentrations from the July 21, 2015 sampling were below the laboratory detection limit of 100 µg/L at all three sites at all depths. Historic NO3 data (Figure 3) show an upward trend from 1993 to 1997. The highest levels of 1,238, 1,253 and 1,404 µg/L were recorded at Sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively, on May 9, 1997. Levels for the 2015 sampling event were the lowest detected from 1993 to 2015. Elevated nitrate concentrations might be due to heavy rainfall prior to sampling. Nitrates can be present in high concentrations in stormwater runoff. Variations in measured concentrations also can be seen as algae and aquatic vegetation dying off at the end of the growing season.

AlkalinityAlkalinity levels were between 170 to 180 mg/L in all three surface sites during the July 21, 2015 sampling (Figure 4). Levels increased slightly in the bottom samples for Sites 1, 2 and 3 at 220, 190 and 220 mg/L, respectively. The 2015 alkalinity levels were the highest seen since May 8, 1994, but still within normal levels for a moderately-hard water lake.

ChlorophyllaChlorophyll a levels were measured at 1.7, 1 and 1 µg/L at the surface of Sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively, during the July 21, 2015 monitoring (Figure 5). These levels are indicative of oligotrophic conditions. The highest surface chlorophyll a values for Shavehead Lake from 1993 to 2015 were detected during the April 28, 1993 monitoring with Sites 1, 2 and 3 at levels of 16, 17.2 and 11 µg/L, respectively. Chlorophyll a levels appear to be trending downward since 2003.

SecchiDiskTransparencySecchi depths were recorded at Sites 1, 2 and 3 at 8, 10 and 8 feet, respectively, during the July 21, 2015 monitoring. These depths are representative of mesotrophic (medium productive) lake conditions. Figure 6 shows the Secchi depth measurements from the (nearly) annual water quality monitoring from 1993 to 2015. These data suggest a trend of decreasing water clarity during the study period. In contrast, more frequent volunteer Secchi depth readings from 2000 to 2014 (Figure 7) indicate a trend of increasing water clarity. This illustrates the benefit of frequent Secchi depth monitoring. Transparency can fluctuate greatly from storm events (turbid waters due to runoff and mixing), algal growth, wind conditions and sun angle. Zebra mussels in a lake system also have been shown to increase water clarity over time.

DissolvedOxygenandTemperatureSurface samples from Site 1, 2 and 3 for the July 2015 monitoring event produced DO concentrations between 8.92 and 9.24 mg/L. The temperature at all three surface sampling locations was approximately 26 °C during the monitoring. DO and temperature were measured at five foot intervals from the surface to the bottom at each of the three sampling locations (Figures 8, 9 and 10, respectively). DO was depleted at around the 40 foot depth at all 3 sampling locations. Spikes in DO were observed between 20 to 30 foot depths at all stations, suggesting the occurrence of an algal bloom photosynthesizing during the daylight periods. Bottom temperatures were recorded at 6.4, 8.2 and 5.5 °C at Sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively.

pHField-measured pH values for the July 2015 monitoring at all surface monitoring sites were within the acceptable range for aquatic organisms, ranging from 8.38 to 8.6 S.U. The bottom samples at the three sampling sites ranged from 7.46 to 8.47 S.U, also within the acceptable range for aquatic organisms. Historic pH data from 1993 to 2015 are presented in Table 2. All July 2015 pH measurements were relatively consistent with previously reported data.


ConductivityAll three sampling locations had surface conductivity levels of 380 μmhos/cm during the July 2015 sampling event. The conductivity levels measured at the bottom of Sites 1, 2 and 3 were 410, 370 and 340 μmhos/cm, respectively. These values are typical of conductivity levels observed in Shavehead Lake during past monitoring. Historic conductivity data from 1993 to 2015 are presented in Table 2. Overall, 2015 sampling suggests very good water quality conditions in Shavehead Lake. Select recommendations are provided as follows to help routinely track water quality and other conditions that will be indicative of future water quality protection needs.

RECOMMENDATIONSK&A provides here, recommendations for future monitoring consistent with the 2015 reporting:

1. Continue water quality monitoring program. Continued collection and analysis of water quality parameters on Shavehead Lake allows for the detection of long-term trends. Monitoring programs can be conducted by volunteers (through the Michigan Cooperative Lakes Monitoring Program) or consultants. Without consistent data, it is difficult to identify meaningful changes in lake conditions over time. The addition of Escherichia coli (E. coli) analysis is recommended for future Shavehead Lake water quality monitoring to evaluate the presence of potential human pathogens in Shavehead Lake swimming areas. E. coli is the indicator organism used by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) for its beach monitoring program (MDEQ, 2015). E. coli bacteria are found in the intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals, and laboratory detection methods for these bacteria are well-established. Additional monitoring during the spring turnover period is recommended to gain an understanding of the lake system during mixing events. This is important in order to determine nutrient availability for algae and plant uptake during the summer growing season. Based on the elevated TP concentrations in the low-oxygen bottom waters at the sampling locations, it is likely that sediment nutrient release is occurring. Thus, increased nutrient levels might be evident in upper lake waters during mixing. Both spring (mixed) and summer (stratified) monitoring will help to determine if internal nutrient loading might be a future concern for Shavehead Lake water quality.

2. Collect lake bottom sediments for nutrient analysis. Elevated nutrient levels in the bottom

waters at the sampling sites indicate nutrient-enriched sediments in Shavehead Lake. Sediment grab samples from the deep basins of each of the sampling sites should be analyzed for nutrients to further understand the internal nutrient loading to the lake.

3. Conduct an aquatic vegetation survey to assess the plant community. A thorough aquatic

vegetation assessment is recommended to identify the species, locations and densities of plants present in Shavehead Lake and to serve as a baseline for detecting future changes or trends. Invasive species are much easier to control if detected early, so annual monitoring by a consultant or volunteer is essential in identifying invasive species before they require costly management and impede recreation.


REFERENCES Fusilier, W. and Fusilier, B. 2004. “ Shavehead Lake Water Quality Studies 1993-2004”. Water Quality

Investigators. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Water Resources Division. June 2015. “Staff Report

Michigan Beach Monitoring Year 2014 Annual Report.” MI/DEQ/WRP-15/022 . Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. 2006. “Part 4-Water Quality Standards.” Water

Bureau, Water Resources Protection. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. 1956. “Shavehead Lake Bathymetric Map”.

http://www.dnr.state.mi.us/SPATIALDATALIBRARY/PDF_MAPS/INLAND_LAKE_MAPS/CASS/SHAVEHEAD_LAKE.PDF

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 2010. “Developing Surface Water Nitrate Standards and Strategies

for Reducing Nutrient Loading.” WQ-S6-23. US Environmental Protection Agency, 2015. “Water: Monitoring and Assessment, 5.9 Conductivity.”

http://water.epa.gov/type/rsl/monitoring/vms59.cfm US Environmental Protection Agency. December 2000. “Ambient Water Quality Criteria

Recommendations. Lakes and Reservoirs in Ecoregion VII.” EPA 822-B-00-009. US Geological Survey. 2012. “Water Quality Characteristics of Michigan’s Inland Lakes, 2001-10.”

Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5233


FIGURESResults from the July 21, 2015 K&A water quality sampling activities


Figure 1. Shavehead Lake Map with 2015 Sampling Site Coordinates


0

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Total Phosphours (µg/L)

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Figure 2. Shavehead Lake 1993-2015 Total Phosphorus at Surface for Sites 1, 2, and 3

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*Denotes valuesbelow laboratorydetection limits

***


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Figure 3. Shavehead Lake Nitrate-N 1993-2015 for Sites 1,2, and 3

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*Denotes valuesbelow laboratorydetection limits


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Figure 4. Shavehead Lake 1993-2015 Alkalinity at Surface for Sites 1, 2, and 3

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Figure 5. Shavehead Lake 1993-2015 Chlorophyll a for Sites 1, 2, and 3

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Figure 6. Shavehead Lake Secchi Depth (ft) 1993-2015 for Sites 1, 2, and 3

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Figure 7. Shavehead Lake Secchi Depth (ft) 2000-2014 Volunteer Data for Sites 1, 2 and 3

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Figure 8. Shavehead Lake Site 1 July 2015 Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Profiles

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Shavehead Lake 2015 Water Quality Report Appendix A 1 | P a g e

AppendixABio‐Chem and Upstate Freshwater Institute Laboratory Analytical Results

28-Jul-15Date:BIO-CHEM Laboratories, Inc.

Project: Shavehead Lake

CLIENT: Kieser & Associates

Lab Order: 1507099Work Order Sample Summary

Lab Sample ID Client Sample ID Collection DateMatrix Date Received

1507099-01A Site 1, Surface 7/21/2015Aqueous 7/22/2015

1507099-02A Site 1, Mid 7/21/2015Aqueous 7/22/2015

1507099-03A Site 1, Bottom 7/21/2015Aqueous 7/22/2015







Page 1 of 1Shavehead Lake 2015 Water Quality Report Appendix A 4 | P a g e

28-Jul-15Date:BIO-CHEM Laboratories, Inc.



Lab Order: 1507099CASE NARRATIVE

Samples are routinely analyzed using methods outlined in the following references:

(SW) Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW846, 3rd Ed.(E) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020.(A) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, APHA, 18th Ed.(D) Annual Book of ASTM Standards.

Specific methods utilized for this project are provided in the analytical report and are identified by the reference document abbreviation ( ) followed by the method number.

All QA/QC and sample analyses met method, laboratory and/or regulatory data quality objectives unless otherwise specified below.

__________________________________________________________________________________

No data qualifications required.

Page 1 of 1Shavehead Lake 2015 Water Quality Report Appendix A 5 | P a g e


Project Number: N/A

Collection Date: 7/21/2015

Matrix: AQUEOUS

Analyses Method Ref. Result Units DatePQL


Lab Order: 1507099

Lab Sample ID: 1507099-01A

DF

BIO-CHEM Laboratories, Inc. Date: 7/28/2015

Client Sample ID: Site 1, Surface

AnalystQ

ANALYTICAL REPORT

Anions by Ion ChromatographyNitrogen, Nitrate (As N) 7/22/20150.10 mg/L 1< 0.10E300.0 WDM 1.

Alkalinity by TitrationAlkalinity, Total (As CaCO3) 7/27/20152.0 mg/L 1180E310.1 BDW 1.

Phorphorus by UV/VIS Spec.Phosphorus, Total (As P) 7/23/20150.010 mg/L 1< 0.010E365.3 RHS 1.

DF - Dilution Factor

PQL - Practical Quantitation Limit J - Detected below PQL but above MDL: Estimated

S - Spike Recovery Outside Acceptance Limits

B - Analyte detected in associated Method Blank

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This report shall not be reproduced except in full, without the written approval of BIO-CHEM Laboratories, Inc.

Qualifiers (Q):

N - See case narrative for explanation

Note: The sample results reported are based on the sample aliquot(s) tested.



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DF


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Phorphorus by UV/VIS Spec.Phosphorus, Total (As P) 7/23/20150.010 mg/L 10.013E365.3 RHS 1.





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Data Report Number: CHM 2015-040Kieser and Associates Sampling Date: 7/21/15

Submission Date: August 24, 2015

Prepared for:Patty Hoch-Melluish

Kieser and Associates536 E. Michigan AvenueKalamazoo, MI 49007

[email protected]

Submitted by:Gina Kehoe

Laboratory DirectorUpstate Freshwater Institute

PO. Box 506Syracuse, NY 13214

(315) 431-4962 ext.115 (phone)(315) 431-4969 (fax)

[email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

UFI Lab ID Client ID Station Name Matrix Sampling Sampling Receive Receive Comments Chla_fl flagsDate Time Date Time (µg/L) (Chla_fl)

2015212017 Kieser Shavehead-1 water 7/21/15 14:50 7/31/15 10:10 1.72015212018 Kieser Shavehead-2 water 7/21/15 14:20 7/31/15 10:10 12015212019 Kieser Shavehead-3 water 7/21/15 13:40 7/31/15 10:10 1


Data Flag ID

Meaning of Flag1LOQ= Limit of Quantification 2LOD= Limit of Detection

F2 Sample diluted to run within calibration curve Parameter LOQ1 LOD2Date Calculated Method Certified?

F3 Sample outside calibration curve Chla_fl 0.3 μgChl/L 0.1 μgChl/L 3/5/2015 USEPA 445.0 Rev. 1.2 NoF4 Lower than normal volume of sample analyzedF5 Sample not digested/prepared properlyF6 Sample not preserved properlyF7 Sample received outside “normal” temperature limitsF8 Sample container inappropriateF9 Sample container broken/cracked/leakedF10 Sample taken from container other than specified analyteF13 Data associated with failed duplicateF14 sample received past holding timeF15 sample analyzed past holding timeF16 sample value less then LOQ, but more than LOD

F17Sample was Q6ed (sample should have been rerun but conditions exist that prevent a rerun)

F18 Sample likely/possibly contaminated before arrivalF19 No sample due to lab errorF20 No sample due to field errorF22 Sample value less than LODF23 Data associated with failed CCBF24 Data associated with failed CCVF25 Data associated with failed LCSF26 Data associated with failed Matrix SpikeF27 Data associated with failed ReferenceF28 Data associated with failed Matrix Spike DuplicateF29 Data associated with failed Method Blank

UFI is a NELAC/NYS-DOH ELAP accredited Laboratory; NY LAB ID 11462, EPA Lab Code NY 01276.Upstate Freshwater Institute Laboratory ReportData Report Number: CHM 2015-040UFI Contract Number: 455NS means no sample was received or requested.Samples arrived prefiltered and on ice, in containers provided by UFI.The attached samples were collected by Kieser and Associates staff consistent with their sampling protocols.The reported results are pertinent to the samples as they were received at the laboratory. This report is not to be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of UFI.

Compiled by: _____________________ Reviewed by:______________________ Date:__8/24/2015__ Gina Kehoe Gina Kehoe Laboratory Director Laboratory Director


Shavehead Lake 2015 Water Quality Report Appendix B 1 | P a g e

AppendixBShavehead Lake Historic Water Quality Data


Shavehead Lake Water Quality Data (1993 – 2015)

Sampling stations

Date Temp. Secchi Depth

DO Conductivity pH Total Phosphorus

Nitrate-N Alkalinity Chlorophyll a

(oC) (ft) (mg/L) (umhos/cm) (SU) ug/L ug/L (mg/L) (ug/L) 1 4/28/1993 --- 6 --- 405 9.3 19 1020 190 16 2 4/28/1993 --- 6 --- 405 8.2 21 945 190 17.2 3 4/28/1993 --- 6 --- 405 8.2 17 830 188 11.9 1 8/17/1993 26 10 9.3 340 8.4 16 681 154 0.8 2 8/17/1993 26 10 9.5 330 8.4 10 620 154 1.2 3 8/17/1993 26 10 10.2 330 8.4 12 550 151 2.7 1 5/8/1994 --- 7 --- 400 8.3 18 940 182 5.5 2 5/8/1994 --- 7 --- 400 8.2 11 960 182 5.5 3 5/8/1994 --- 7 --- 400 8.2 11 980 185 4.1 1 8/24/1994 24 9 11.2 330 8.6 19 622 139 3.8 2 8/24/1994 24 9 11.2 330 8.6 18 574 140 3.1 3 8/24/1994 24 8 11.9 330 8.6 19 517 141 3.4 1 8/17/1995 30 6 9.4 280 8.6 8 470 135 0.4 2 8/17/1995 30 6 10.2 280 8.6 18 471 132 0.4 3 8/17/1995 30 7 9.8 280 8.6 14 449 138 1.6

1T 8/17/1995 15 --- 21.6* 280 8.5 7 503 138 3T 8/17/1995 15 --- 21.6* 320 8.4 16 426 151 1 8/31/1995 25 14 9.3 300 8.6 9 568 139 0.8 2 8/31/1995 25 15 8.8 300 8.6 8 524 139 1.2 3 8/31/1995 25 13 9 300 8.6 7 485 139 1.2

1T 8/31/1995 16 --- 21.6* --- --- --- --- --- 8.1 3T 8/31/1995 17 --- 21.6* --- --- --- --- --- 19.6 1 4/23/1996 --- 11 --- 350 7.6 25 946 156 10.9 2 4/23/1996 --- 11 --- 335 7.5 21 1020 145 10.8 3 4/23/1996 --- 11 --- 350 7.5 22 1080 152 10.8 1 9/3/1996 26 10 9.5 260 7.6 10 621 133 2 2 9/3/1996 26 11 9.3 280 7.7 15 660 134 0.7 3 9/3/1996 26 10 9.3 300 7.6 10 645 133 1 1 5/9/1997 --- 6 --- 300 7.6 12 1238 145 10.4 2 5/9/1997 --- 6 --- 300 7.5 11 1253 140 11.2 3 5/9/1997 --- 6 --- 290 7.5 9 1404 146 9.2


Sampling stations




1 9/15/1997 23 10 10.7 340 8.6 12 740 152 1.4 2 9/15/1997 23 9 10.6 340 8.6 12 680 150 1.4 3 9/15/1997 22 10 10.8 340 8.6 11 760 147 1.1

3-10 9/15/1997 21 --- 10.7 340 8.6 20 760 150 3-20 9/15/1997 20 --- 10.9 340 8.7 28 400 150 3-30 9/15/1997 13 --- 0 395 7.8 32 320 180 3-40 9/15/1997 9 --- 0 420 7.7 25 148 194 3-50 9/15/1997 8 --- 0 420 7.5 19 124 199 3-60 9/15/1997 8 --- 0 440 7.4 32 48 214 3-70 9/15/1997 8 --- 0 460 7.3 69 48 222

1 9/1/1998 25 8 10 320 8.8 18 666 150 2.4 1-10 9/1/1998 21 . 10.7 310 8.8 16 691 150 1-20 9/1/1998 20 --- 10.9 320 8.5 26 691 156 1-30 9/1/1998 13 --- 0 320 8.5 42 107 164 1-40 9/1/1998 9 --- 0 385 7.6 60 75 200 1-50 9/1/1998 8 --- 0 405 7.6 68 63 213 1-55 9/1/1998 8 --- 0 415 7.3 82 13 240

2 9/1/1998 25 9 10.2 320 8.8 12 647 150 1.5 3 9/1/1998 25 7 10.5 320 8.8 10 710 150 1.8 1 8/28/2001 24 4 10.4 280 8.4 26 471 135 3.6 2 8/28/2001 24 5 10.2 280 8.4 24 575 135 2.4 3 8/28/2001 24 5 10.2 280 8.4 14 617 135 3.6 1 8/20/2002 25 11 9.4 330 8 14 678 150 1.9 2 8/20/2002 25 8 9 330 8 13 763 148 1.5 3 8/20/2002 25 8 9.7 330 8.1 9 803 146 1.9 1 4/15/2003 --- 5 --- 350 7.5 21 900 138 7.7 2 4/15/2003 --- 6 --- 340 7.5 27 588 139 8.3 3 4/15/2003 --- 7 --- 360 7.4 29 691 152 6.1 1 8/13/2003 25 6 9.6 330 8.7 13 828 151 3.7 2 8/13/2003 25 6 9.1 330 8.6 18 868 145 3.6 3 8/13/2003 25 6 9.6 340 8.6 18 863 150 2.4 1 4/11/2004 --- 6 --- 350 7.8 32 926 147 4.2 2 4/11/2004 --- 6 --- 350 7.8 34 797 150 4.6 3 4/11/2004 --- 6 --- 360 7.8 30 900 154 5.3


Sampling stations




1 8/31/2004 23 8 9.3 320 8.6 14 712 150 1.9 2 8/31/2004 23 8 9.1 320 8.5 14 752 147 1.2 3 8/31/2004 23 8 9.5 320 8.4 12 796 145 1 1 4/9/2009 --- 8 --- 340 7.8 16 662 158 2 4/9/2009 --- 6 --- 330 7.9 18 651 161 3 4/9/2009 --- 6 --- 330 7.9 17 673 160 1 8/14/2009 26 6 11.2 310 8.2 12 697 140 2 8/14/2009 25 6 10.1 322 8.2 12 774 140

3-0 8/14/2009 25 6 11.2 320 8.2 14 781 144 3-10 8/14/2009 25 --- 12 320 8.3 14 798 144 3-20 8/14/2009 20 --- 17.2 320 8.2 16 819 150 3-30 8/14/2009 12 --- 3.2 350 8.1 23 571 167 3-40 8/14/2009 9 --- 3 360 7.9 28 690 178 3-50 8/14/2009 7 --- 0 370 7.9 14 938 170 3-60 8/14/2009 7 --- 0 380 7.9 20 826 180 3-70 8/14/2009 7 --- 0 400 7.6 24 326 190

1 surface 7/21/2015 26.2 8 9.24 380 8.6 <10 <100 180 1.7 1 mid 7/21/2015 13.6 --- 15.68 420 8.57 13 <100 180

1 bottom 7/21/2015 6.4 --- 0 410 7.62 41 <100 220 2 surface 7/21/2015 26.9 10 8.92 380 8.38 <10 <100 170 1

2 mid 7/21/2015 19.1 --- 14.67 380 8.48 12 <100 180 2 bottom 7/21/2015 8.2 --- 0.25 370 8.47 17 <100 190 3 surface 7/21/2015 26.1 8 8.98 380 8.38 <10 <100 180 1

3 mid 7/21/2015 7.9 --- 4.48 380 8.04 38 <100 200 3 bottom 7/21/2015 5.5 --- 0 340 7.46 38 <100 220

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