2014 United Nations E-Government Survey-- Lessons and Policy Implications for Ghana
-
Upload
franklin-ziggah -
Category
Government & Nonprofit
-
view
240 -
download
0
Transcript of 2014 United Nations E-Government Survey-- Lessons and Policy Implications for Ghana
2014 UN E-Government SurveyLessons and Policy Implications for Ghana
FRANKL IN Z IGGAHM P A [ E - G O V E R N M E N T & E - P O L I C Y ]
S U N K Y U N K W A N U N I V E R S I T Y
G R A D U A T E S C H O O L O F G O V E R N A N C E
Content
PART ONE (Overview of the Survey Report)
PART TWO (Global Highlights and Africa)
PART THREE (Highlights on Ghana)
PART FOUR (Lessons and Policy Implications)
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Part OneOverview of the Survey
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
E-Government as an enabler for Government Transformation
We recognize the power of communications
technologies, including connection technologies and
innovative applications, to promote knowledge
exchange, technical cooperation and capacity-
building for sustainable development. The document
stressed that all levels of government and legislative
bodies play an important role in promoting
sustainable development.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
E-Government as an enabler for Sustainable Development
Through e-Government and innovation governmentscan provide significant opportunities to transformpublic administration into an instrument ofsustainable development.
The United Nations E-Government Survey is theflagship report of; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
(UNDESA) / Division for Public Administration andDevelopment Management (DPADM) / E-GovernmentBranch (EGB)
Developed in collaboration with external experts,researchers and global public administration graduateresearchers.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
UN E-Government Survey Editions
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
8th Edition: UN E-Government Survey 2014Previous editions 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010, and 2012
2014 Theme: “E-Government For The future We Want”
Key Benefit of the Survey Report
It serves as a very useful benchmarking tool for decision-makers:
Highlights emerging e-government trends and shares knowledge fromaround the world aiding countries in all regions to make informed e-government policy-decisions.
It serves as barometer of e-government trends and indicates the direction ofe-government development globally.
Identifies areas of strength and challenges and areas of opportunities ine-government development.
Guide e-government policies and strategies.
It serves as an incentive for governments to build their capacities andpromote e-government development within their countries.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Methodology: EGDI
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
The UN E-Government Development Index (EGDI) is a
composite indicator measuring the willingness and
capacity of PA to use
ICT to deliver public services.
EGDI = ( 1/3 OSI + 1/3 TII + 1/3 HCI)
OSI = Online Service Index (DESA)
TII = Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (ITU+WB)
HCI = Human Capital Index (UNESCO+UNDP)
Ranking of 193
Member States
Themes of the 2014 Survey
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
E-Participation
Whole-of-Government
Multi-channel Service Delivery
Expanding Usage
Digital Divide and vulnerable Groups
Open Government Data
The 4 Stages of Online Service Development
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Emerging
Presence:offering
basic information
on line …
Enhanced
Presence:Simple two-way,
downloadable forms,
limited e-services…
Transactional
Presence:Two ways interactive
applications, financial
and non financial
transactions in
secure network…
Connected
Presence:WoG, full
interoperability,
customized services
G2G, G2C,C2G …
The Assessment Questionnaire consists of 4 sections corresponding to the
UN 4 Stages of e-Government development
Ghana’s Position
Telecommunications Infrastructure Index (TII)
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
2012 TII Estimated Internet users
Main fixed phone lines
Mobile subscribers
Fixed broadband
Fixed Internet
subscriptions
2014 TII Estimated Internet users
Main fixed phone lines
Mobile subscribers
Fixed broadband
Wireless broadband (new)
Human Capital Index (HCI)
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
• Adult literacy rate
• Gross enrolment (except
primary)
• Expected years of schooling
(new)
• Mean years of schooling (new)
Part TwoGlobal Highlights and Africa
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Global and Regional Leaders
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
South Korea remained on top in 2014, continuing its pre-eminence and continued leadership and focus on e-government innovation (2012, 2010).
Australia placed second (2nd) and Singapore third (3rd) both moving up the ranks considerably compared to the 2012, when they were (12th)
Global Perspective of the Survey
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Source: Al-Khouri, A. M. (2014), Global e-Government: What needs to be Learned? A Reflection on UN e-
Government Survey 2014
Most countries range between 0.2 and 0.6. This scope of EGDI represents 114 countries of the 193 surveyed.
EGDI Group
No. of
Countries
Very High EGDI
(More than 0.75) 25
High EGDI
(Between 0.50 and 0.75) 62
Middle EGDI
(Between 0.25 and 0.50) 74
Low EGDI
(Less than 0.25) 32
Africa’s Position in a Global Context
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Africa’s Position in a Global Context
Quick facts;
Kenya (33rd) No. 2 in African and Rwanda (63rd) No. 6 in Africa,made the biggest jump in Africa under e-participationwith a rank change of (+91) and (+71) respectively.
Africa Top 6 (i.e. Tunisia, Mauritius, Egypt, Seychelles,Morocco and South Africa) among the top 100 nations.EGDI above world average.
Three African States (Central African Republic, Guineaand Libya) recorded some level of online presence.
BUT, no African nation is grouped in the Very high EGDIcategory.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Africa Sub-Regional Analysis (Trend)
2014 2012 2010 2003
Northern Africa Southern Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa
Southern Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Northern Africa
Eastern Africa Eastern Africa Eastern Africa Eastern Africa
Middle Africa Middle Africa Middle Africa Western Africa
Western Africa Western AfricaWestern Africa
Middle Africa
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Africa Sub-Regional scores Vs Africa & World Averages
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Western Africa Sub-Regional Analysis
Rank 2014 2012 2010 2008 2005 2004 2003
1 Ghana Cape
Verde
Cape
Verde
Cape
Verde
Cape
Verde
Cape
Verde
Cape
Verde
2 Cape
Verde
Ghana Cote
d’Ivoire
Nigeria Ghana Nigeria Ghana
3 Nigeria Gambia Ghana Ghana Nigeria Ghana Benin
4 Senegal Nigeria Nigeria Senegal Benin Senegal Togo
5 Togo Senegal Mauritania Gambia Togo Togo Nigeria
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Part ThreeHighlights on Ghana
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Ghana’s Position in a Global Context
Year Rank Change
2014 123 +22
2012 145 +2
2010 147 -9
2008 138 -5
2005 133 +11
2004 144 -5
2003 139 -
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
E-Participation Ranking
84th Globally from 101st in 2012
8th in Africa from 11th in 2012
EGDI Ranking
123rd in the World from 145 in 2012
11th in Africa from 20th in 2012
1st in Western Africa
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
(2003 - 2014)
Ghana's Position Vis-a-Vis World, Regional and Sub-Regional Position
Ghana’s EGDI of (0.3735) continues to be above the WesternAfrica sub-region (0.2079) and Africa region (0.2661)averages. That notwithstanding, its EGDI remains below the Top10 Africa Average of (0.4654).
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Analysis of Ghana’s Position in Online Service Development
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Rank Countries OSI Score
Stage 1
(Emerging
Presence)
Stage 2
(Enhanced
Presence)
Stage 3
(Transactional
Presence)
Stage 4
(Connected
Presence) Total
1Morocco 0.6929 94 61 40 62 62
2Tunisia 0.6378 91 61 33 53 58
3Egypt 0.5906 81 52 33 56 54
4Rwanda 0.5118 78 64 19 32 47
5Mauritius 0.4724 88 64 9 21 44
6Ethiopia 0.4567 53 48 28 44 42
7Kenya 0.4252 94 32 23 21 40
8South Africa 0.3858 75 43 12 24 37
9Seychelles 0.3307 53 30 7 47 32
10Namibia 0.3228 69 32 14 18 31
11Ghana 0.3150 78 18 19 18 31
Africa Average 0.2011 45.14 23.61 6.80 14.05 21.27
World Average 0.3919 64.48 39.88 22.00 26.85 37.11
Ghana’s E-Government Improving despite National Income Status
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
No. Country Level of Income Rank
1 Ghana Lower Middle 123
2 Cape Verde Lower Middle 127
3 Gabon Upper Middle 131
4 Algeria Upper Middle 136
5 Swaziland Lower Middle 138
6 Angola Upper Middle 140
7 Nigeria Lower Middle 141
8 Cameroun Lower Middle 144
Ghana;notwithstanding itslower middle incomestatus is cited in thereport along withBolivia, Honduras,India, Philippines,Vietnam andUzbekistan ashaving advancedtheir e-governmentdespite theirrelatively lowernational incomestatus.
Other Highlights on GhanaM-Health, the Mobile Technology for Community Health (MOTECH) is cited as asuccessful government-led initiative leveraging SMS-based technology, Pilot by the Ghana Health Service. (positive indication)
E-employment, Ghana is cited as one of four countries, where according to alatest study on youth employment indicate that, lack of skills and information onjobs available are actually perceived as bigger challenges than the lack ofavailable jobs. (negative indication)
Open Data, Ghana is cited as being part of only 7.4 per cent of Africancountries (others are Kenya, Tunisia and Morocco) with open data portals.(positive indication)
The majority of countries with open government data catalogues are high incomeand upper middle income (nearly 85 per cent). Kenya is the only low incomecountry with an OGD portal; the lower middle income countries with suchportals are India, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Republic of Moldova, Ghana andIndonesia.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Noteworthy Ghana misses cut-off point in Open Data Assessement
Ghana is cited among four other countries (Greece, Malta, Slovakiaand Indonesia) that did not score higher than 66.6 per cent cut-off.
Portals did not include a wider range of government agencies andmore varied datasets in machine-readable formats
Global Low Scores in Transactional Online Services
◦ Globally, the mean scores in Stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 64 per cent, 40per cent, 27 per cent and 22 per cent respectively.
◦ Gap in stages due to inherent challenges and sophistication.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Part FourLessons & Policy Implications
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Lessons from Global Innovations
Ethiopia: Online Service Delivery Gains Highlighted
The country is one of the best performing Least Developed Countries (LDCs) inonline service delivery, placed (72nd) globally ahead of many wealthier nations,including a number of European nations.
Some Strategies Employed;
Establishment of a national e-government leadership council.
Tracking of performance indicators of achievement.
High-level interest and strategic directions for e-government development and
coordination of online services at national level.
The national strategy includes provisions for citizen centric mechanisms for
stakeholder involvement.
Implementation of 219 online services over a five-year period from 2011–2015.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Policy Implications and Remarks
Similar to the UN Government Survey series, Ghana, through NITAshould develop an Annual E-Government Development Report (eGovReport).
1. Develop Annual E-Government Development Report
MDA Web Assessment Report and Ranking
MDA Infrastructure Assessment Report and Ranking
MDA E-Skills Assessment Report and Ranking
Innovative Public Service Assessment Report and Ranking
MDA ICT Governance Assessment and Ranking
MDA Change Management Assessment Report and Ranking
National Telecommunication Assessment Report
Citizen, Business and Civil Society E-Government Readiness Report
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Policy Implications and Remarks
Potential benefits of the eGov Report; It has the potential to give NITA very high visibility and
recognition among e-government stakeholders.
Serve as a basis for public organizations to concretely evaluatetheir current status and make projections.
It has the potential to engender healthy competition among publicorganizations to out-perform each other.
It can form the basis for public organizations to set aside budgetfor e-government improvements. A critical way to consolidate e-government development gains and ensure sustainability of e-government development.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Policy Implications and Remarks
2. Develop a Government of Ghana E-Government MasterPlan (2015-2020)◦ to analyse the current status of ICT and e-Government
implementation and propose a mid to long term blueprint forfurther development.
3. Develop m-Government Policies and subsequent m-Government initiatives
◦ M-government should not be viewed as a replacement or amere progressive stage of e-government, because in mostcases of m-government implementation, the back office stillruns through the spectrum of e-government infrastructure forinteroperability and cost effectiveness.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Policy Implications and Remarks (Supplementary)4. Establish High-Level E-Government Multi-Stakeholder Forum
◦ Discuss interdependencies and disseminate the ‘e’ approach to governancewith other sectors.
5. Establish / Strengthen E-Government Centre of Innovation◦ Establish training centre or research centre
6. Strengthen Regional Cooperation & Partnerships
◦ Multilateral Cooperation: Akin to GCC and COMESA arrangement in e-
government.
◦ Strengthen bilateral partnerships: (Uganda (NITA-U), Nigeria (NITDA,
NeGSt, Kenya (ICT Authority), Ethiopia (MCIT), Mauritius, Rwanda, South
Africa)
◦ Global E-Government bodies: UNDESA, WeGO, NIA Etc.
7. Strengthen E-Government TV Publicity
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Policy Implications and Remarks (Supplementary)
8. Establish and Strengthen Monitoring andEvaluations Processes
“…only 15 percent of e-government projects in developingcountries are successful, 35 percent are total failures and50 percent partial failures” --Heeks (2003)
9. Initiate Public Sector Process Re-EngineeringProgram
“…The first rule of any technology used in a business isthat, automation applied to an efficient operation willmagnify the efficiency. The second is that automationapplied to an inefficient operation will magnify theinefficiency” --Bill Gates
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Policy Implications and Remarks (Supplementary)
10. Strengthen Human Resource CapacityDevelopment
Ghana, through NITA and in collaboration with other stakeholders,needs to expedite the process of institutionalizing andimplementing the “Ghana Public Sector IT/IM Scheme ofService”.
Long-term sustainability of e-government justifies cost.
The economic implication of implementing such a scheme,whether in whole or revised to fit contemporary ICT jobrequirements may be huge. But such concerns should beweighed against the risk of long-term sustainability of e-government programs.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Ways to Improve Ghana’s UN-E-Government Ranking for 2016 (Challenges to Opportunities)
Streamlining the request and feedback process: The UN Research
Team requests information regarding Member States addresses (URLs)
for different portals.
National portals
Government ministries
Open government data
E-participation Etc.
Ghana’s new response: Identify ‘who’ or ‘which’ agency currently responds tothe invitation and streamline the process.
Ensure targeted government portals meet compliance criteria. (nationalportals, e-services portal and the other six key sectors ofhealth, environment, social services, education,labour/Employment and finance.
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Multi-Portal Vs Integrated Portal
Multi-Portal Approach (As-is)
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Ghana is currently among the countries pursuing a multi-portal
approach, where we have a separate information portal
(www.ghana.gov.gh); separate e-services portal
(www.eservices.gov.gh / www.epay.gov.gh/epay ); and a separate
open data portal (www.data.gov.gh ).
Ghana’s New Portal Development proposal
New Integrated Portal Approach (Pure One-Stop-Shop)
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Ghana’s New Portal Development proposal (alternative based on natural relationship)
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
Potential benefits of the integrated approach
Avoid suffering the ‘silo effects’ of identification agencies in Ghana.
Should be integrated in both backend (information systems) andback-office structures should be fully integrated to ensureseamlessness, effective collaboration and leveraging of resources.
Simplify the marketing of e-government to stakeholders.
◦ This whole-of-government (WoG) approach would require strongleadership in order to sell to stakeholders.
◦ But it has the potential to situate Ghana among countries pursuinginnovation and uniqueness in the very fluid field of e-government. And as such, also be cited as best case for othercountries to benchmark.*
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
UN E-GOVERNMENT SURVEY 2014 - LESSONS FOR GHANA