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2014 Smart Grid R&D Program Peer Review Meeting · MicroSCADA Operat ion Cent er Device Level...
Transcript of 2014 Smart Grid R&D Program Peer Review Meeting · MicroSCADA Operat ion Cent er Device Level...
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2014 Smart Grid R&D Program
Peer Review Meeting
Complete System-Level Efficient and
Interoperable Solution for Microgrid
Integrated Controls (CSEISMIC)
Yan Xu, Guodong Liu
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
June 11, 2014
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December 2008
Complete System-Level Efficient and Interoperable Solution for Microgrid Integrated Controls (CSEISMIC)
Objective
Life-cycle Funding
Summary ($K)
Prior to
FY 14
FY14,
authorized
FY15,
requested
Out-
year(s)
560 475 500 500
Technical Scope
Microgrids: future distribution system.
Develop a microgrid with the complete
functions:
• Grid-connected and islanded modes
• Islanding transition
• Resynchronization and reconnection
• Energy management
• Protection
• Central controller: microSCADA and
microEMS
• Component control: primary source,
microgrid switch
• Microgrid communication
• Relay protection
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December 2008
Challenges & Needs
• Challenges: distribution system is evolving from a passive radial topology to a complex and active system.
‒ Increasing requirements for higher liability, stability, and efficiency
‒ Diversified components and their coordination
‒ Voltage fluctuation
‒ Current DMS or single-node energy management cannot address all issues
‒ Uncertainty: both loads and generation
‒ Safety concerns rise because of Ineffectiveness of conventional protection
• Need a microgrid controller with the functions:
‒ Grid-connected and islanded operation
‒ Islanding transition and resynchronization
‒ Energy management and DER coordination
‒ Participate in energy market and utility operation
‒ Effective relay protection
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December 2008
CSEISMIC Significance and Impact
Significance: CSEISMIC microgrid controller is the complete and integrated solution for microgrid control, operation, energy management and protection.
• Systematic approach to enable real-time control and operation: grid-connected and islanded operation, islanding transition and resynchronization
• Energy management to realize networked real and reactive power optimization
• Coordinate high penetration of DER, energy storage, electric vehicle, and demand response
• Provide ancillary services to main grid and participation in energy market
• Accommodate legacy components and architecture
Impact:
• Improve system reliability by enabling islanding operation
• Improve system stability using advanced monitoring and control
• Improve system efficiency by optimizing the power flow
• Reduce total energy cost by energy management 4
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December 2008
Technical Approach – CSEISMIC System Diagram
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• Microgrid controller consists of
microgrid SCADA and energy
management (EMS)
• SCADA performs supervisory control
for sources, loads, microgrid switch,
protection relays, etc.
• Volt/freq control and transition control
are performed at device level with
control modes and setting points
dispatched by microgrid controller.
• EMS dispatches operational
optimization commands.
• Single-point interface between
microgrid and system operator/energy
market to participate in utility operation
and energy market activities.
MG Switch Load3PSOS1
MicroSCADA
Operation Center
Device Level
Communication Links
Communication Links
MicroEMS
OS2 Load2Load1
CSEISMIC
Relay2Relay1
Microgrid
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December 2008
ORNL Microgrid
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Operational at the ORNL DECC lab
Now 3 buses, 4 sources, 3 loads
Will expend to 4 buses, loop/radial
reconfigurable
Leveraged projects: – Power flow controller
– Community energy storage
– Building technology
– Advanced metering infrastructure
– GridEye
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December 2008
Technical Approach - Communications
Ethernet routing communication
network, cable, fiber optic, wireless
INV1
INV2
Ethernet Router
MS EMS RTAC
(SEL)
Protection
relay 1
Protection
relay N
Loads
Point-to-point communication,
Ethernet, between primary source and MS
Point-to-point communication, Ethernet
Point-to-point communication Serial
Battery
PV SCADA
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December 2008
Unintentional Islanding
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Freq (Hz)
INV1 Volt rms (V)
INV2 Volt rms (V)
MS status
Blue: local measurement Red: SCADA data acquisition
MS switch is manually opened.
SCADA data update speed is 3 seconds, and no transients are seen by SCADA.
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December 2008
Resynchronization and Reconnection
MS status
Δα (degree)
Δf (Hz)
INV1 controls its output to adjust PCC voltage magnitude and frequency.
Thresholds: ΔV ≤ 2 V, Δf ≤ 0.1 Hz, Δα ≤ 1 ̊
f is controlled slightly higher (60.05 Hz) than grid frequency during resynchronization, maximum Tresyn ≈ 20 sec.
Phase angle control or larger frequency difference is needed for faster resynchronization.
ΔV (V)
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December 2008
Microgrid Protection - Challenges
• Common distribution protection practice
– Un-directional overcurrent protection
– Electromechanical relays
• Proven track record
• Simplicity
• Challenges of DERs and microgrids
– Bidirectional power flow
• More complex coordination
• Faults more difficult to isolate
– Severely reduced fault current when disconnecting from utility
• Fault current from TVA: 7.4 kA on 480 V circuit
• Fault current from DECC lab inverters: 0.33 kA on 480 V circuit
• Need to protect system for both cases without tripping on load current!
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December 2008
RTDS-Based Microgrid Protection HIL Test Bed
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• Real Time Digital Simulator
• Hardware-in-the-loop microgrid test bed
• Real Time Automation Controller (RTAC) – Protection control control
• SEL 351S relays – Both physical and virtual
Virtual microgrid
system
Real Time Digital Simulator
SEL RTAC 3530
SEL 351S
RTAC Relay HMI
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December 2008
Microgrid Protection Scheme Development and Testing
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Protection
Schemes
Microgrid
Status
Fault
Locations
Effective
Protection?
Notes
Single
setting OC On-grid External Yes Faults cleared in 15-21
cycles.
Internal No Relay unable to detect fault
current from downstream
DERs.
Islanded Internal No Unable to isolate the faults.
Microgrid is shutdown.
Adaptive OC On-grid External Yes Faults cleared in 15-21
cycles. Internal Yes
Islanded Internal Yes
Differential
OC On-grid External Yes Faults cleared in 3-6 cycles.
No need to change settings. Internal Yes
Islanded Internal Yes
Directional
control No Problems with voltage
polarization during faults.
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December 2008
Technical Approach – Microgrid EMS
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MEMS
Using renewable and
load forecast tools
Short-term dispatch
(5-10 mins)
Bidding strategy
(long term, daily)
tools
Real-time OPF
(1 min)
Voltage
management
tools
Responsive demand
management
Grid-connected
mode
Islanded
mode
• Coordinated three-stage scheduling: day-ahead bidding, hour-ahead dispatch and real-time optimal power flow (OPF).
• Unbalanced three-phase distribution system.
• Co-optimization of real and reactive power.
• Capability of handling uncertainties.
• Using renewable energy and load forecast tools.
• Grid-connected and islanded modes.
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December 2008
Prior Year Progress and Results – Microgrid EMS
• Development of DER economic
models
• Integration of forecast results of
Wind, PV and market prices.
‒ Scenario generation and reduction.
• Microgrid optimal bidding strategy in
the day-ahead market
‒ Included intermittent DERs, storage and
responsive loads.
‒ Considered uncertainties of DERs, day-
ahead and real-time market prices.
‒ Proposed a hybrid stochastic/robust
optimization model.
‒ A journal paper is ready for submission. 14
Day-ahead Price Scenarios
Calculated Bidding Curves
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December 2008
FY 2014 performance and results, against objectives and outcomes
• FY13: individual component controller development
• FY14: microgrid system integration and communication
‒ Functional microgrid with real-time control capabilities
‒ EMS development will be completed by FY14.
‒ 3 papers submitted.
• Milestones are met or on track.
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Due Date Milestone Type Milestone Description
12/31/2013 Process
Milestone
Implementation and testing of communication
network.
03/31/2014 Process
Milestone
Implementation and testing of grid-connected and
islanded modes, islanding transition and
reconnection in the DECC microgrid.
06/30/2014 Process
Milestone
Implementation and testing of microgrid protection.
09/30/2014 Final Deliverable Development of microgrid EMS. Final annual report.
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December 2008
FY 2015 Plan
1. CSEISMIC, collaborate with NIST, IREQ, and NI
• Complete development of the microgrid controller – EMS implementation, communication standardization, microgrid controller development for field demonstration.
• Participation on Technical Advisory Committee.
• Standards – collaborate with NIST on microgrid standardized test bed, microgrid controller standard development.
2. Hardware-in-the-loop microgrid test bed, collaborate with RTDS
3. Networked microgrids, collaborate with Chattanooga Electric Power Board
4. Integrated communications, controls and connected devices for DC microgrids (I3CDC). Partners: LBNL, Virginia Tech, and Emerge Alliance
5. De-coupled microgrid control, collaborate with OSIsoft
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December 2008
Collaborations
• NIST: Microgrid standardized test bed, microgrid controller standard
• Hydro-Quebec IREQ: microgrid protection
• Chattanooga EPB: networked microgrids
• National Instruments: microgrid control for field implementation
• OSIsoft: de-coupled microgrid control
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December 2008
Contact Information
Power & Energy Systems Group
Electrical & Electronics Systems Research Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
One Bethel Valley Road P.O. Box 2008, MS-6070
Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6070
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Yan Xu
(865) 574-7734
(865) 574-9323 fax
Guodong Liu
(865) 241-9732
(865) 574-9323 fax
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December 2008
Q & A
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