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Chapter 4

Using Running Records to Look at Social Development

“When we look at what the child cannot do,

we fail to see all the child can do.”

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RUNNING RECORDS

• Same writing technique as Anecdotal Records

• Detailed account of what is observed: who, what, where, when

• EXCEPT this is a sample or a specimen, so it is not an event but just an observation of 5−10 minutes of ordinary behavior with all details included

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Uses of Running Records

Advantages

• Details a segment of normal behavior

• Open method, including details

• Indicators of many areas of development

Disadvantages• Child may feel “wat

ched” and change behavior

• Segment may not show normal behavior

• Adult’s attention is focused on writing

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TOPICS IN OBSERVATIONThe Stew

• “The Stew” Story

• Meaning

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What to Do with It

• File in child’s portfolio/folder

• Use for planning and individualizing curriculum

• Share with child and family

• Use to document child’s normal (or unusual) behavior

LOOKING AT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Play’s place in:

•Social development

•Social competence and school readiness– Skills learned in play help in school success

•Play as the foundation of social studies– Self-identity– How other people live, think– Rules for harmonious interactions

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Theories of Social Development and Implications on Early Childhood Practice

• Erikson – Eight stages of man

• Piaget – Cognitive theory and social conventional

• Behaviorists – Learned behavior

• Maslow – Hierarchy of needs

• Vygotsky - Peer relationships

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Play’s Place in Development

• Physical – Muscle practice, coordination• Emotional – Replay life experiences, outlet

for feelings• Creative – Experimentation, imagination• Intellectual – Classification, problem solvin

g• Language – Vocabulary, humor, function i

n social situations• Social – Sharing, negotiating, gender roles

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Levels of Involvement in Play

• Onlooker – watching others play

• Solitary – Alone, occupied with play

• Parallel – Alongside another

• Associative – Related play theme

• Cooperative – Sharing materials and sustaining play theme

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Stages of Social Development

The need for a selfless society

Observing Infants and Toddlers in Social Play

• Expanding social world from family to others

• Physical play with objects

• Mostly solitary, not ready for sharing and negotiation (egocentric)

• Beginnings of linguistic and dramatic play

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

HELPING ALL CHILDREN WITH SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

• Children with Special Needs

– Adaptations• Environment• Social facilitation• Activities

– Children with Autism

• Culture and Social Interactions

• Helping Professionals

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Standards Related to Social Development

Head Start Performance Standards1304.21 (3, I, D)

Encourage respect for others.