2014 A NEW FOCUS ON EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE Part 1 of 2 Parts
-
Upload
king-salman-humanitarian-aid-and-relief-centre -
Category
Science
-
view
585 -
download
3
Transcript of 2014 A NEW FOCUS ON EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE Part 1 of 2 Parts
THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PRESENTATION IS TO
FACILITATE PLANNING FOR THE 3rd WORLD CONFEENCE
TO BE CONVENED IN JAPAN IN 2015
THE PERSPECTIVE IS THE USA, BUT IT CAN BE
CHANGED TO THAT OF ANOTHER NATION BY SUBSTITUTING THE
APPROPRIATE PICTURES AND INFORMATION
YOUR YOUR
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•MONITORING•HAZARD MAPS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EM RESPONSE•RECOSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
THE GOALTHE GOAL
DEMANDS ON DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE:RESILIENCE:
CAPABILITIES OF CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
REALITYREALITY
UNANTICIPATED UNANTICIPATED DEMANDS ON DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
LACK OF EARTHQUAKE LACK OF EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESSPREPAREDNESS
INSUFFICIENT INSUFFICIENT PREPAREDNESS OF PREPAREDNESS OF
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
REALITYREALITY
URGENT DEMANDS ON URGENT DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
LACK OF EMERGENCY LACK OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPABILITYRESPONSE CAPABILITY
INSUFFICIENT INSUFFICIENT CAPABILITY TO CAPABILITY TO RESPOND TO RESPOND TO DEMANDS ON DEMANDS ON COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS?
Preparedness is a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national
scales that is sufficient to keep the expected and unexpected effects of an
earthquake from causing a disaster
ANTICIPATION IS THE KEY TO PREPAREDNESS
• STRONG GROUND SHAKING• TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP• LIQUEFACTION• LANDSLIDES• AFTERSHOCKS• VULNERABILITIES
WHAT IS PROTECTION?
(Protection is a legally mandated state of planning and verified robustness, strength,
and ductility for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure
to prevent loss of function
WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE
(Emergency Response is All of the scripted and unscripted
heroic and historic responses during the “race against time” after a quake
to save lives and protect property
KEY ELEMENTS OF PREPAREDNESS
KNOW YOUR SEISMIC ACTIVITY (i.e., SEISMICITY)
KNOW YOUR FAULT ZONESKNOW YOUR VULNERABILITIES
THE USA’S MOST NOTABLE PLATE BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
• SAN ANDREAS FAULT• 600 MILES LONG• SOURCE OF M8
EARTHQUAKES IN 1847 AND 1906
THE USA’S OTHER NOTABLE PLATE BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
• THE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE• SUBDUCTING
BENEATH WASHINGTON AND OREGON; • POTENTIAL FOR
M9.0
ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
• WASATCH FAULT (UTAH)• 250 MILES LONG• POTENTIAL
SOURCE OF M7.0-7.5 EARTHQUAKES
ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
• NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE• SOURCE OF
FOUR M8 EARTHQUAKES IN 1811--1812
PREPAREADNESS AND EM. RESPONSE IN A
COMMUNITY INCREASE AS THE COMMUNITY’S CAPABILITY TO
ANTICIPATE WHAT WILL HAPPEN
INCREASES
SAN FRANCISCO: WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED (Continued)?
• WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK?
• WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA-STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK?
• WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL-NERABILITIES
WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED (Continued)?
• WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES
• WHAT IS THE LIKELY DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION?
• WHAT ARE THE LIKELY CASUALTIES, SOCIO-ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS?
ANCHORAGE, AK: WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
SEATTLE, WA: WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
LOS ANGELES: WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
SAN JUAN, PR: WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
SALT LAKE CITY: WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
MEMPHIS,TN: WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED?
• HOW LIKELY IS A DAMAGING EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS BE?
EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW
KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR “BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” ON
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
NOTE:EM. RESPONSE IS HIGHLY
POLITICAL, SOONGOING COMMUNICATIONS WITH
NUMEROUS PUBLICS THROUGH PRESS CONFERENCES AND THE
MEDIA WILL BE NEEDED
SITUATIONS ENCOUNTERED DURING EM. RESPONSE
• DAMAGE; DEBRIS• COLLAPSE• TRAPPED
SURVIVORS• SEARCH AND
RESCUE CLOCK• FIRE• INUNDATION
• EVACUATION CENTERS
• EM. MEDICAL• MASS CARE • HAZ MAT
RELEASE• INJURIES• DEATHS
KEY ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• HISTORIC RESPONSES: The professional and non-professional responders will be making history for at least forty-eight hours (a “place holder” for the intense period of search and rescue operations) and thirty days (a “place holder” for the intense time of the “no room for error” decisions) that must be made.
KEY ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• HEROIC RESPONSES: The professional and non-professional responders will be working at the margins of their capability for at least twenty-four hours and twenty-one days.
EXAMPLE: 240,000 DEAD WITHIN A FEW MINUTES
• TANGSHAN, CHINA (1976) EARTHQUAKE: Centered beneath the city, the earthquake caused the impossible situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
EXAMPLE: 230,000 DEAD IN TSUNAMI
• INDONESIA (2004): The impossible situation thirty minutes after the quake; too late for a race against time” to save lives.
EXAMPLE: 88,000 DEAD; 50 MILLION BUILDINGS DAMAGED IN MINUTES
• CHINA (2008): • The impossible
situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
EXAMPLE: 220,000 DEAD WITHIN A FEW MINUTES
• HAITI (2010): • The impossible
situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
EXAMPLE: 30,000 DEAD WITHIN THIRTY MINUTES FROM THE TSUNAMI
• JAPAN (2011): • The impossible
situation; too late for a race against time” to save lives and protect property.
EXAMPLE: SEARCH AND RESCUE
• TURKEY (1999) KOCALEI EARTH-QUAKE):
• Timely responses during a forty-eight hour “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: DAMAGE TO SCHOOL
• ALASKA (1964): Timely search and rescue during a forty-eight hour “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: DAMAGE FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP
• ALASKA (1964): • Timely responses
during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: LIQIEFACTION
• NIIGATA, JAPAN (1964):
• Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: COLLAPSE OF HIGH-RISE APARTMENT BUILDINGS
• MEXICO CITY AFTER 1985 EARTHQUAKE: Timely responses during a forty-eight hour and thirty day “race against time” save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF ELEVATED HIGHWAY; DEATHS
• LOMA PRIETO, CA (1989): • Timely responses
during a forty-eight hour and thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION AND COMMUTING CAPABILITY
• LOMA PRIETA, CA EARTHQUAKE (1989):
• Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION
• NORTHRIDGE, CA (1994):
• Timely responses during a thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF ELEVATED EXPRESSWAY (NO DEATHS)
• KOBE, JAPAN (1995): “The forty-eight hour and thirty day “race against time” to save lives and protect property.
EXAMPLE: 600 FIRES
• KOBE, JAPAN (1995): “The race against time” to save lives and protect property.
CONCLUSIONEVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR
“BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” TO BE USED WHEN ANTICIPATING
FUTURE IMPACTS