2014 57 | E M LU O V ARCHITECTURAL VOLUME 57 |...

ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE REVIEW

ARCHITECTURALSCIENCEREVIEW

VOLUME 57 | NUMBER 1 | 2014

1 Effect of urban geometry on pedestrian-level wind velocityCelen Ayse Arkon and Ünver Özkol

17 Analysis of criteria for decision making to achieve sustainability and buildability in building envelope designNatee Singhaputtangkul, Sui Pheng Low, Ai Lin Teo and Bon-Gang Hwang

28 The potential for renewable materials to reduce the embodied energy and associated greenhouse gas emissions of medium-rise buildingsDaniel Felton, Robert Fuller and Robert H. Crawford

36 A multi-scale life-cycle energy and greenhouse-gas emissions analysis model for residential buildingsAndré Stephan and Robert H. Crawford

46 Energy-effi cient retrofi t of an unconditioned institute buildingAanchal Sharma, P.S. Chani and S.Y. Kulkarni

60 Thermal and comfort conditions in a semi-closed rear wooded garden and its adjacent semi-open spaces in a Mediterranean climate (Athens) during summerIoannis X. Tsiros and Milo E. Hoffman

80 Book Reviews

www.tandfonline.com/tasr

AR

CH

ITEC

TUR

AL S

CIE

NC

E R

EV

IEW

VO

LUM

E 5

7 | N

UM

BE

R 1

| 20

14

SPINE WIDTH: 4 mm TRIM SIZE: 215 X 280 mm

ARCHITECTURALSCIENCEREV IEW


GUEST EDITOREDWARD NG


MIXPaper from

responsible sources

FSC® C007785

®

TASR_57_1_Cover.indd 1 26/02/14 4:49 PM









80 Book Reviews


AR

CH

ITEC

TUR

AL S

CIE

NC

E R

EV

IEW

VO

LUM

E 5

7 | N

UM

BE

R 1

| 20

14






MIXPaper from

responsible sources

FSC® C007785

®


NewsletterFirst quarter 2018

Volume 1 No 1

From the editor ...

For more information about Architectural Science Review please visit: http://www.tandfonline.com/tasr; Subscriptions email: salesportland-services.comInformation for authors: Author Services at http://journalauthors.tandf.co.uk

Welcome to the first newsletter of this year. The journal

continues to grow with more papers received last year than previous years and a wider diversity of topics. My thanks to the Editorial Board, the Associate Editors and referees for the dedicated hard work and support.

We published six editions last year of which two were Special Issues. The first came from the Windsor Conference last year called ‘Running Buildings on Natural Energy: Design thinking for a Different Future’ by Professor Sue Roaf and Fergus Nicol. The second from Passive Low Energy Architecture Association (PLEA) Conference called ‘Effects of envelope and materiality in the built environment,’ by Professors Pablo La Roche, Marc Schiler and Paula Cadima.

We have had a larger number of requests for Special Editions last year on cutting edge themes such as research on the Urban Heat Island, Healthy Buildings and Design Computing. Some of these can be completed in this year and some in 2019.

We look forward to working with the organizers of this years conferences to enable authors to publish in ASR.

The 10th Windsor Conference will be held 12th – 15th April 2018 and is called ‘Rethinking Thermal Comfort,’ http://windsorconference.com/.

This year’s Architectural Science Association Conference is in Melbourne focuses ‘Engaging Architectural Science: Meeting the Challenges of Higher Density.’ (https://www.asa2018conference.com/) and

Continued on page 2...

We invite readers to suggest topics, submit book reviews or other material which may be of interest to our readers.We will consider advertising material. Please contact us at: [email protected]

Francesco Fiorito is Associate Professor

of Architectural Engi-neering at Polytechnic University of Bari (Italy). He has been also Associ-ate Professor of High Performance Architec-ture at the Faculty of Built Environment of the University of New South Wales (Australia) and Senior Lecturer in Architectural Technology at the University of Syd-ney (Australia). Frances-co is a certified profes-

sional engineer (MSc in Building Engineering) and PhD in Building Engineering. His main research expertise is in facade engineering and design. In recent years his research has focused on the development of technologies and systems for adaptive facades. Francesco aims to explore the use of smart materials (shape memory alloys, phase-change materials, and chromogenic materials) to create self-adaptive building components, which actively respond to variable outdoor conditions, mitigating Urban Heat Island ef-fects and improving indoor comfort. Francesco, in the last 10 years, has been involved as Chief Investigator in several re-search projects funded by public and private bodies in Europe and Australia. Moreover, he authored more than 50 research outputs (monographs, journal articles or conference proceedings). Francesco is an Associate Edi-tor of the International Journal Architectural

Science Review and member of the edi-torial board of the International Journal Energy and Buildings.

Architect Francesca Sartogo has devel-

oped her research activ-ity on the formation of the city and its territory, working on urban regen-eration with a historical and philological approach. Member of Icomos (International Council of Monuments and Sites) and Aniasper (Italian National Association of Experts in Restora-tion), she participated in the project of the total reconstruction of the city of Venzone, after the Friuli earthquake, and in the restoration of the historic centres of Rome, Naples, Benevento, Karlsruhe, Trieste and Venice. Since the 1980s she concentrated her activ-ity on Climate and Environment coordinat-ing various European research projects on architecture (Rebuild, Apas/Rena, Thermie and Ecocity), investigating the fundamental function of natural energies and climate in the design of the “typology” of Architecture and Cities, also through her studies on old Pompeii and Prati quartier (Rome). Contributing in the debate about renewable energies and architecture since the 1990s, she promotes a 100% renew-able architecture. Member of the Legambiente Scientific Board, in 1992 she founded the Italian National Institute of Bioarchitecture and the Italian Section of Eurosolar, of which she was member of the Scientific Board and President since 1996. In 2001 she received the European Solar Career Prize for So-lar Architecture and Urban Planning.

Bioclimatic asset for the project of Saline, Rome (Italy).

Francesco FioritoFrancesca Sartogo

Featured paper

ARCHITECTURAL

SCIENCE

REVIEW


013

263 Editorial

266 Algorithm for determining CIE Standard General Sky

occurrence from digital sky images

Abu Shahriar

272 Numerical research of layout effect on wind environment

around high-rise buildings

Xiaoyu Ying, Wei Zhu, Kanozuri H

okao and Jian Ge

279 A numerical investigation into the feasibility of integrating

green building technologies into row houses in the

Middle East

John Kaiser Calautit, Ben Richard Hughes and

Saud Abdul Ghani

297 Simulation of the effect of downtown greenery on thermal

comfort in subtropical climate using PET index: a case

study in Hong Kong

Liang Chen and Edward Ng

306 Satisfaction and illuminances set with user-controlled lighting

James Uttley, Steve Fotios and Chris Cheal

315 Linking acoustics and fl oor-plate shape qualities of

healthcare settings

Selen Okcu, Ermal Shpuza, Erica Ryherd and

Craig Zimring

333 Book Reviews

www.ta

ndfonli

ne.com

/tasr

ARC

HITEC

TUR

AL SCIEN

CE R

EVIEW

VOLU

ME 56 | N

UM

BE

R 4 | 2013

SPINE WIDTH: 4.0 mm

TRIM SIZE: 215 X 280 mm

ARCHITECTURAL

SCIENCE

REV IEWARCHITECTURAL

SCIENCE

REVIEW


013

TASR_56_4_Cover.indd 1

14/11/13 4:16 PM









80 Book Reviews


AR

CH

ITEC

TUR

AL S

CIE

NC

E R

EV

IEW

VO

LUM

E 5

7 | N

UM

BE

R 1

| 20

14






MIXPaper from

responsible sources

FSC® C007785

®










80 Book Reviews


AR

CH

ITEC

TUR

AL S

CIE

NC

E R

EV

IEW

VO

LUM

E 5

7 | N

UM

BE

R 1

| 20

14






MIXPaper from

responsible sources

FSC® C007785

®


ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE REVIEW• Architectural Science Review publishes (quarterly) original

research papers, shorter research notes, and abstracts of PhD dissertations and theses on areas including Acoustics, Digital Architecture, Environmental Design, Lighting, Structural Engineering and Sustainability.

• The journal is supported by an Editorial Advisory Board of leading international academics and its reputation has increased globally with individual and institutional subscribers and contributors from around the world.

• The journal was founded by Professor Henry Cowan in 1958 to promote continued professional development. Professor Cowan was instrumental in establishing the annual ASA (ANZAScA) conference beginning in1963 and the journal continues to remain closely linked to the conference.

• Architectural Science Review is published by Taylor and Francis (UK).

For more information about this journal please visit: http://www.tandfonline.com/tasr

Subscriptions email: [email protected] for authors: Author Services at http://journalauthors.tandf.co.uk

Smart materials meets urban regeneration

ASA (ANZAScA) is a not for profit organisation registered under the Associations Incorporation Act 2009, NSW, Australia

Measuring Fallingwater: A computational fractal analysis of Wright’s Kaufman House in the context of his theories and

domestic architecture

Josephine Louise Vaughan BSc(Arch)(Sydney); B(Arch)(Newcastle); PhD(Newcastle)

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture, July 2017. Full-text download available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1353331This research was supported by an Australian Govern-ment Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship

Sited above a waterfall on Bear Run stream, in a wooded gulley in Mill Run, Pennsyl-vania, the Kaufman house, or Fallingwater

as it is commonly known, is one of the most fa-mous buildings in the world. This house, which Frank Lloyd Wright commenced designing in 1934, has been the subject of enduring schol-arly analysis and speculation for many reasons, two of which are the subject of this disserta-tion. The first is associated with the positioning of the design in Wright’s larger body of work. Across 70 years of his architectural practice, most of Wright’s domestic work can be cat-egorised into three distinct stylistic periods—the Prairie, Textile-block and Usonian. Com-pared to the houses that belong to those three periods, Fallingwater appears to defy such a simple classification and is typically regarded as representing a break from Wright’s usual approach to creating domestic architecture. A second, and more famous argument about Fall-ingwater, is that it is the finest example of one of Wright’s key design propositions, Organic architecture. In particular, Wright’s Fallingwa-ter allegedly exhibits clear parallels between its form and that of the surrounding natural landscape. Both theories about Fallingwater—that it is different from his other designs and that it is visually similar to its setting—seem to be widely accepted by scholars, although there is relatively little quantitative evidence in support of either argument. These theories are reframed in the present dissertation as two hypotheses. Using fractal dimension analysis, a computational method that mathematically measures the characteristic visual complexity of an object, this dissertation tests two hypoth-eses about the visual properties of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater. These hypotheses are only used to define the testable goals of the dissertation, as due to the many variables in the way architectural historians and theorists develop arguments, the hypotheses cannot be framed in a pure scientific sense. To test Hypothesis 1, the computational method is ap-plied to fifteen houses from three of Wright’s well-documented domestic design periods, and the results are compared with measures that are derived from Fallingwater. Through this process a mathematical determination can


...continued from page 1

be made about the relationship between the formal expressions of Fallingwater and that of Wright’s other domestic architecture. To test Hypothesis 2, twenty analogues of the natural landscape surrounding Fallingwater are measured using the same computational method, and the results compared to the broader formal properties of the house. Such a computational and mathematical analysis has never before been undertaken of Fallingwater or its surrounding landscape. The dissertation concludes by providing an assessment of the two hypotheses, and through this process demonstrates the usefulness of fractal analysis in the interpretation of architecture, and the natural environment. The numerical results for Hypothesis 1 do not have a high enough percentage difference to suggest that Falling-water is atypical of his houses, confirming that Hypothesis 1 is false. Thus the outcome does not support the general scholarly consensus that Fallingwater is different to Wright’s other domestic works. The results for Hypothesis 2 found a mixed level of similarity in character-istic complexity between Fallingwater and its natural setting. However, the background to this hypothesis suggests that the results should be convincingly positive and while some of the results are supportive, this was not the dominant outcome and thus Hypothesis 2 could potentially be considered disproved. This second outcome does not confirm the general view that Fallingwater is visually similar to its surrounding landscape.

the PLEA Conference for 2018 ‘Smart and Healthy within the 2-degree Limit,’ is in Hong Kong (http://www.plea2018.org/) 10-12 December 2018 are devoted to the urbanism and climate change.

Special Editions are becoming an increasingly important part of ASR and they give an opportunity to rethink the issues to which architectural science can contribute. Also to develop new alliances with research groups and teams who wish to publish work. In addition to refereed papers, ASR publishes invited papers, technical notes and book reviews in our newsletter. Please let us know if there are topics of interest. These opportunities help build alliance and also advance the impact of ASR.

The first Edition this year concerns one of research on the evolution of our buildings and cities. We have seven papers.

1.Richard Hyde ‘Evolution of buildings and cities. Adapting to changing environmental conditions’

2.Indrika Rajapaksha, Francesco Fiorito, Estelle Lazer and Francesca Sartogo ‘Exploring thermal comfort in the context of historical conservation. A study of the vernacular architecture of Pompeii,’

3.Alan Lai, Yu Ting Kwok, Minjung Maing and Edward Ng ‘Regression modelling of radiant fluxes on different view factors under shading in a densely built environment.’

4.Salman Shooshtarian and Priyadarsini Rajagopalan ‘Daytime thermal performance of different urban surfaces: a case study in an institution precinct of Melbourne.’

5. Maricruz Solera Jimenez ‘Green walls: a sustainable approach to climate change, a case study of London.’

6.Anir Kumar Upadhyay ‘Climate information for building designers: a graphical approach.’

7.Sevil Yazici & Leyla Tanacan ‘A study towards interdisciplinary research: a Material-based Integrated Computational Design Model (MICD-m).’

8.Mark B. Luther, Peter Horan and Olubukola Tokede ‘Investigating CO2 concentration and occupancy in school classrooms at different stages in their life cycle.’

My thanks to Josephine Vaughan for her book review which is included in this newsletter.

Best wishes

Richard

Conference Index

Above: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater. (Photo: author)

PHD STUDY

12 – 15 April 2018 Windsor Conference, United Kingdom

24 May 2018Eighth International Conference on the Constructed Environment Detroit, United States of America

26 September 2018Islands, Resources, and Society: Sustainable Development under Globalization and Ur-banization (ICUA 2018) Zhoushan, China

10 – 12 December 2018PLEA, Hong Kong


Awards Best Paper Award:

Linda Pearce Sensory Pleasure of Interiority:

Finding Transdisciplinary Research Language for Complex Indoor Environment Quality

Best Paper Award Runner-Up: Andrea Yunyan Jia

Design and Build an Organisation to Deliver: Learning from a Project Management Studio

Best Presentation: Llewelyn Griffiths

A Virtual Reality Experiment to Investigate Optimum High-Density Apartment Parameters

Best Presentation Award Runner-Up: Jeremy J. Ham

Improvisations in Polyrhythmic Spatiality

Wrap-up to the 51st International Conference of the

Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA)

Please join me in congratulating the Awardees of this year’s conference as well as welcoming the new Exco Committee of the

Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA)

Marc Aurel Schnabel is the Dean of the Faculty

of Architecture and Design, Professor in Architectural Technology at the School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand and Visiting Professor at the School of Architecture, Sheffield University. Since 2015 he is the president of the Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA). Trained as an Architect, he is leading research and education in the field of Architectural Technology and Computation. He has taught and worked in Germany, Australia, and Hong Kong for over twenty-five years and has become highly recognised for his work in the areas of computational design, virtual environments and digital heritage. He has established the DARA network connecting professionals and researchers of innovative digital spatial design and hosted the 47th and 51st Conferences of the Architectural Science Association ‘Cutting Edge’ and ‘Back to the Future – the next 50 Years’.

The 51st International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA) has been hosted by the School

of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand during 29 November to 2 December 2017. It has attracted over 100 delegates from around the world who have presented their critical thoughts, discuss new ideas, and engage in our debate:

“Back to the Future: The next 50 years.” In celebrating the 51st instalment of conferences of Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA), we have looked forward into the future and sought presentations of visionary research and practice that would influence our built environment over the next 50 years. Standing on the shoulders of our work of the past 50 years, the conference has explored avenues that would have the greatest

impact on in the development of Architectural Science. The theme has called for relevant ideas from a variety of domains reflecting and speculating on future trajectories of architectural science to reveal possible phenomena, factors and forces that would influence these trajectories with an exploratory perspective.

The proceedings can be found at:http://anzasca.net/category/conference-papers/2017-conference-papers/ Also in book form:“Back to the Future: The Next 50 Years”M. A. Schnabel, (ed.), 2017: 840pgs. ISBN 978-0-9923835-4-1 This volume contains the refereed papers of the 51st International Conference of the Architectural Science Association Conference. They provide a snapshot of current cutting-edge research in the field from around the world.

Professor Marc Aurel Schnabel co-ordinator of the ASA (ANZAScA)

conference held in Wellington, New Zealand

Welcome to the Architectural Science Executive Committee

2018-2019

President: Marc Aurel SchnabelVice-president: Priya Rajagopalan

Treasurer: Mark DewsburySecretary: Chris Jensen

Elected Officers: Andrea Yunyan Jia (Curtin, Aust.)

Mary Myla Andamon (RMIT, Aust.) Sky Lo Tian TIan

(Victoria Uni. Wellington, NZ) Emina Petrovic

(Victoria Uni. Wellington, NZ) Zhonghua Gou (Griffith, Aust.) Yusef Patel (Auckland Uni. NZ)

Morten Gjerde (Victoria Uni. Wellington, NZ)

Webmaster: Guy Marriage










80 Book Reviews


AR

CH

ITEC

TUR

AL S

CIE

NC

E R

EV

IEW

VO

LUM

E 5

7 | N

UM

BE

R 1

| 20

14






MIXPaper from

responsible sources

FSC® C007785

®


The Discipline of Nature: Architect Alfred Browning Parker in Florida by Allan Shulman Publisher: HistoryMiami Museum Review: Josephine Vaughan

Described as Florida’s “foremost organic architect” , Alfred Browning Parker could be categorised as a Regionalist

Modernist whose buildings typically display strong—and often angular—planes, with materials expressive of their natural state such as stone or timberwork, these materials celebrated as structural and decorative materials rather than being hidden by cladding or render. Practising as an architect from 1942 until his death in 2011, Parker also worked on the construction of many of his buildings. He was also an academic, presenting lectures and publishing works including a book in 1965 - You and architecture: a practical guide to the best in building. The Discipline of Nature is the result of an exhibition held by the History Miami Museum which commemorated Alfred Browning Parker’s 1916 birth (in Boston, Massachusetts). The publication is largely devoted to visual imagery representing Parker’s architecture and theories with 75 pages of engaging images, comprising photographs (including several by Ezra Stoller), sketches and rendered drawings. The Discipline of Nature opens with written contributions by Allan T Shulman and Randolph C Henning, co-curators of the exhibition. Shulman (the book’s editor) is an associate professor at Miami School of Architecture and practicing architect in Shulman +Associates. Henning, also a practicing architect and author, has another book published on Parker as well as texts on Frank Lloyd Wright. Reading The Discipline of Nature, it is easy to see the connection between Wright and Parker. Alfred Browning Parker and Frank Lloyd Wright were contemporaries for several decades from the 1930’s to the 1950’s. Parker’s houses, commercial and public buildings show a strong link to Frank Lloyd Wright’s Organic Architecture. Aesthetically, many of the buildings presented in the book are reminiscent of Wright’s work, particularly from Wright’s Usonian period onward, which can be seen formally-in the angular beams, the triangular geometries or the strong horizontal planes, or materially -with the exposed timber, stacked stonework or carefully arranged concrete blocks. The underlying philosophical values of Parker’s work also follow Wright’s Organic design principles.

According to Schulman, Parker “saw ecology as a guide to understanding resources and their interaction, and also as a discipline of ethical thinking capable of shaping an architectural response”. Almost all images in The Discipline of Nature show Parker’s architecture blurring the inside/outside divide, perhaps pushed to a further extreme than Wright ever achieved. Some of Browning Parker’s houses have fully opening shutter doors with no glass to be seen. With unadorned timber soaring above, dynamic planes of concrete underfoot, both layers chunky and elemental; the architectural forms proceed unhindered from interior to exterior. Photographs and drawings in the book emphasise the outside trees and landscape to be an equivalent feature of the architecture as their cut and constructed relations. The book is (as presumably the exhibition had been) set out along the distinct phases of Alfred Browning Parker’s life and career. The 23 pages of text initially, and then the following images, are based around this approach. Part I (1935-1942) describes Parker’s life from his architectural studies in 1935 at Florida’s School of Architecture and Allied Arts. At the time of his study, the Florida Southern College had engaged Frank Lloyd Wright to design their campus. The resulting college is now the largest conglomeration of Wright’s architecture in one place, and Schulman notes that Parker was influenced by Wright, Sullivan and HH Richardson at the time. The images for Part I are predominantly ink sketches of architectural scenes. Part II (1942-1951) covers the foundations of Parker’s architectural philosophy and practice, and his strong understanding of the local ecology of Florida and Miami, from which he developed a methodology to create habitable dwellings in the tropical landscape. The images for Part II include examples of Parker’s first, humble works in Miami: some small first homes (including his own Parker Residence 1946), and school buildings (George Washington Carver School 1949), all with a unique system of opening the building to develop a relationship between the inside and outside. In Part III (1952-1961), Parker’s progress into a successful practicing architect in both domestic

and civic designs develops in conjunction with his theory on architectural design. It was at this time that “Parker advanced his brand of organic architecture by testing the boundaries between regional and modern design” . The buildings in the photographic section of the book here show a crystallisation of design ideas and an increased boldness in form, for example the Mass Residence of Palm Beach (1954) with its dramatic triangular elevation. Part IV (1962-1972) describes an era where Parker appears to have become something of a “starchitect”, with commissions from wealthy clients, interested in his evolving and brave approach to architecture. Many grand homes were produced by Parker during this era, and increasingly he was designing civic and commercial buildings, and working on large urban planning masterplans, while maintaining an organic approach. At this time he “developed expansive new idioms, including bolder exposition of architectural form, and expressionist sculpted masses that ranged from towers to earthforms, and included crystalline geometries and arboreal assemblies”. From this era the book presents images of dreamy sprawling mansions on waterfront locations such as the Groves Residence (1959) which are followed by remarkable minimalist religious works such as the House of God (1958), a ‘building’ set in the Vista Memorial Gardens, with no walls or roof. The final section, Part V (1973-2011) is dedicated to the last few decades of Parker’s life, during which he continued to work with great energy, although in his later years Parker pursued fewer architectural projects and followed more artistic endeavours. The final images in the book include beautifully rendered illustrations including Parker’s proposal for the World Trade Centre project (2001-2003). The images from the exhibition as reproduced in The Discipline of Nature are stunning and evocative, however there are no clear architectural representations such as plans, elevations or sections to be found in the book, with the only 2 plan drawings presented more as decorative illustrations rather than technical drawings. This seems somewhat of an omission for a potentially architectural audience who might like to interpret the buildings though the nuances of the design (as can be discovered in plan and section). Overall, The Discipline of Nature is a fascinating glimpse into the life and work of Alfred Browning Parker, an inspiration perhaps, to discover the architectural drawings and undertake further investigation.

Books

Left: Alfred Browning Parker and one of his interiors

BOOK OFFERChoose a book you would like to review for the ASR Newsletter we can arrange


2014 57 | E M LU O V ARCHITECTURAL VOLUME 57 |...

Documents

Transcript of 2014 57 | E M LU O V ARCHITECTURAL VOLUME 57 |...