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Giovanni Capelli & Antonio Borgogni Department of Human Sciences, Society & Health University of Cassino and Southern Lazio

http://weburbanist.com/2011/02/21/then-now-the-stunning -speed-of-urban-development/

Bangkok, Thailand 1988 and 2007

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Cholera pandemics > Public Health > Changes in the city!

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!  Prior to the beginning of the 19th century, the people of Munich disposed of wastewater by pouring it directly into drainage ditches or into the many brooks that flowed through the city. !  Bacteria and pathogens infiltrated the soil and groundwater. Potable water

drawn from shallow wells became contaminated. Epidemics and a high mortality rate due to typhus ensued.

!  The first sewerage-system projects began in 1820, but these efforts were unsystematic and beset with major shortcomings. Serious cholera epidemics struck Munich in 1836 and 1854.

!  The university teacher Max von Pettenkofer recognised the relationship between cholera epidemics and contaminated groundwater. !  He dedicated himself to the project of creating a sewerage system and the

laying of well-water pipelines. !  The English engineer J. Gordon was commissioned to create a “general

project for the sewerage system of the city of Munich” in 1874. !  He intelligently exploited the slope of the landscape so that wastewater

naturally drained northwards out of the city.

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http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Referat-fuer-Stadtplanung-und-Bauordnung/ Stadtentwicklung/stadt-bau-plan/city-building-plan/cbp_phase_3.html

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(1) Overweight/Obesity Pandemics (2) Ageing of population

!  Public Health !  Which changes in the cities?

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WHO, Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. 2009

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WHO, Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. 2009

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!  The link between sport and health goes far beyond the fight against overweight and obesity. !  Sport can make an excellent contribution to the

reduction of other non-communicable health hazards, !  such as the risks posed by alcohol, tobacco, cholesterol,

cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and cancer. !  Sport also supports psychological well-being. !  Potentially negative health effects of sport in the form

of sport-related injuries have to be avoided through proper education and information.

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COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT THE EU AND SPORT: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

Accompanying document to the WHITE PAPER ON SPORT http://ec.europa.eu/sport/documents/dts935_en.pdf

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!  Physical activity encompasses a range of activities from organised sports to "active commuting" or outdoor activities such as gardening. !  Pro-active steps need to be taken to reverse the

decline in physical activity levels brought about by numerous factors in recent decades, !  such as the greater use of cars, !  other technologies such as computers !  and the internet, and other forms of sedentary activities,

!  such as watching television and playing computer games.

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COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT THE EU AND SPORT: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

Accompanying document to the WHITE PAPER ON SPORT http://ec.europa.eu/sport/documents/dts935_en.pdf

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!  Health-enhancing physical activity could be promoted at all levels and in a wide range of sectors, such as urban planning and building projects, transport, education, family and youth, the economic sphere, research, as well as in the workplace to improve employees' health and performance and reduce absenteeism.

!  Physical activity as a determinant for health plays a particular role in urban and transport planning, for example by allowing more people to go to work on foot or by bicycle.

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COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT THE EU AND SPORT: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

Accompanying document to the WHITE PAPER ON SPORT http://ec.europa.eu/sport/documents/dts935_en.pdf

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http://weburbanist.com/2011/02/21/then-now-the-stunning -speed-of-urban-development/

London, England 1970s and 2006

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