2013-MidtermStudyQuestions.pdf

8/14/2019 2013-MidtermStudyQuestions.pdf

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Question 1

Below is a possible combined heat and power application with data as shown. What is thethermal efficiency of the steam cycle?

a. 17%

b. 28%

c. 21%

d. 32%

20 points

Question 2

Which of the following are needed before a plant can utilize CHP?

a. low electricity costs

b. high natural gas costs

c. demonstrated use for electricity

d. suitable location for thermal storage

e. demonstrated use for thermal energy

10 points


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Question 3

According to analysis from ice cores, historical levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, datingback 650,000 years, have never exceeded

1. 300 ppm

2. 100 ppm

3. 50 ppm

4. 200 ppm

10 points

Question 4

Why do atmospheric CO2 measurements go up and then back down each year, creating a

sawtoothed time history?

1. Because most of the earth's vegetation is in the Northern Hemisphere.

2. Because fossil fuel combustion is less in the winter.

3. Because most of the earth's population is in the Northern Hemisphere.

4. Because the oceans absorb more CO2 in the summer.

10 points

Question 5

The approximate chemical composition of a biofuel is C0.41H0.77O0.2. The amount of CO2produced (in kg) per kg of biofuel burned is approximately (you will need to calculatethis):

Answer

20 points

Question 6

The approximate chemical composition of wood is C0.51H0.06O0.42. The amount of CO2produced (in kg) per kg of wood burned is approximately (you will need to calculatethis):

a. 3.50


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b. 1.75

c. 4.25

10 points

Question 7

Current levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are about

a. 100 parts per million

b. almost 400 parts per million

c. 200 parts per million

d. 300 part per million

10 points

Question 8

According to Colin Campbell, "to imagine that there's anywhere missed as big as theNorth Sea is just implausible."

True

False

10 points

Question 9


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Below is a T-s diagram and data for a combined cycle. What is the thermal efficiency ofthe topping cycle if it is operated independently (without the steam cycle)?

a. 32%

b. 55%

c. 58%

d. 52%

30 points

Question 10

Below is a T-s diagram and data for a combined cycle. What is the thermal efficiency ofthe bottom cycle if it is operated independently (without the gas turbine cycle)?


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a. 38%

b. 52%

c. 32%

d. 55%

30 points

Question 11

1.Below is a T-s diagram and data for a combined cycle. The cycles are operated in cascadeas shown and the air exits the heat exchanger connecting the two cycles at state 9. Whatis the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle?

a. 55%

b. 32%

c. 58%

d. 52%

30 points

Question 12

The thermal efficiency of a typical combined cycle is


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a. about 20% - 30%

b. about 30% - 40%

c. about 40% - 50%

d. about 50% - 60%

10 points

Question 13

The thermal efficiency of a typical Brayton cycle is

a. about 20% - 30%

b. about 30% - 40%

c. about 40% - 50%

d. about 50% - 60%

10 points

Question 14

The current global energy demand is ___________terawatts. Blank 1

10 points

Question 15

According to David Goodstein, in 1956 M. King Hubbert was regarded as an ingeniousanalyst for his prediction that US oil production would peak in 10 to 15 years.

True

False

10 points

Question 16

According to David Goodstein, how many of the largest nuclear power plants are neededto replace current use of fossil fuels?

14.7


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1. 5,000

2. 10,000

3. 1,000

4. 50,000

10 points

Question 17

In the recent Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), what topic suddenly appeared and isdiscussed in detail?

1. high cost of fuels

2. challenges deploying to varied theaters3. climate change

4. don't ask, don't tell

10 points

Question 18

According to Richard Alley, energy efficiency holds promise to reduce _________ of ourcurrent global energy needs.

Answer

1. 25%

2. 25%

3. 33%

4. 50%

10 points

Question 19

Who devised a method of estimating ultimate production of a fossil fuel by plottingpercentage growth (year over year) versus cummulative production?

1. Colin Campbell


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2. Stanley Jevons

3. Kenneth Deffeyes

4. M. King Hubbert

10 points

Question 20

According to Richard Alley, geothermal energy holds promise to supply _________ ofour current global energy needs.

1. 25%

2. 100%

3. 3 times4. 11 times

10 points

Question 21

Which of these are greenhouse gases? Check all that apply...

a. Water vapor

b. Carbon dioxide

c. methane

d. Carbon monoxide

e. nitrogen

10 points

Question 22

According to Richard Alley, which of the following are ways we know that recentbuildup of CO2 in the atmosphere is the result of burning fossil fuels (check all thatapply)?

1. simple bookkeeping

2. "ask the air" (see that CO2 and O2 levels oppose each other)


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3. examine isotopes of carbon

4. measure radioactive residues

5. results of IPCC report

10 points

Question 23

A Hubbert analysis of world oil production (1930-1960) assuming 2.5 trillion barrels ofultimate recoverable oil indicates that oil production

a. will peak in about 20 years (2028).

b. is peaking now (2012 - 2013)

c. peaked in the year 2000

10 points

Question 24

In Hubbert's analysis, the plotted curve is the _____________, while the area under thecurve is the _____________.

a. ultimate production, annual rate of production

b. annual rate of production, ultimate production

c. total reserves, amount extracted

10 points

Question 25

Hubbert's analysis for petroleum production in the lower 48 states, based on ultimatereserves of 200 billion barrels, suggested that domestic oil production would peak aroundthe year

a. 1978

b. 1970

c. 1965

10 points


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Question 26

According to the film "Crude Awakening", the "hydrogen economy" could arrive, aftertechnological development, in about

1. 10 to 20 years

2. 20 to 30 years

3. 100 years

4. 40 years

10 points

Question 27

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a group of internationalscientists working together to conduct basic research on climate change.

True

False

10 points

Question 28

If all nations consumed power at the same rate (per capita) as North America, the total

energy demand for the planet would be _________ terawatts.

10 points

Question 29

Because of the greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature of the earth is

a. 47F

b. 59F

c. 65F

d. 72F

10 points

67.8


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Question 30

Without the greenhouse effect afforded by our atmosphere, the average surfacetemperature of the earth would be

Answer

a. about -10 F

b. about 32 F

c. about 10 F

d. about 0F

10 points

Question 31

What organization is the largest energy user in the world?

Answer

1. United States government

2. the military

3. Chinese industry

10 points

Question 32

In 1975, M. King Hubbert gave an interview and demonstrated a 12% efficient solar cellwhich he suggested holds promise for meeting energy demand after the peak in oilproduction.

True

False

10 points

Question 33

According to Matt Simmons, the "last great frontiers" of oil discovery are ahead of us.


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True

False

10 points

Question 34

What are the APPROXIMATE levels of per capita energy usage in Middle East : Europe: North America?

Answer

1. 1,000 : 2,000 : 5,000 Watts/person

2. 1,500 : 3,000 : 7,500 Watts/person

3. 2,000 : 4,000 : 8,000 Watts/person

4. 2,500 : 5,000 : 10,000 Watts/person

10 points

Question 35

The thermal efficiency of a simple Rankine cycle is

Answer

a. about 15% - 20%

b. about 20% - 30%

c. about 30% - 40%

d. about 40% - 50%

10 points

Question 36

The variations in the earths orbit and inclination alone, which occur over tens ofthousands of years, can explain the temperature variations seen on the planet over the last400,000 years.

True


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False

10 points

Question 37

According to a scenario envisioned by Richard Alley, renewable energy sources couldconstitute _____ of global energy needs by 2030.

1. 25%

2. 33%

3. 50%

4. over 60%

10 points

Question 38

Richard Alley...(check all that apply)

1. has a daughter

2. goes to church on Sunday

3. is a professor at Penn State

4. plays soccer

5. is a Republican

10 points

Question 39

According to Richard Alley, solar energy holds promise to supply _________ of ourcurrent global energy needs.

1. 25%

2. 100%

3. 200 times

4. 11,000 times


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10 points

Question 40

What is the source of energy trapped in fossil fuels? Blank 1

10 points

Question 41

Below is a chart showing percentage growth in cumulative production versus cumulativeproduction for UK coal. Also shown is an equation for a curve fit to the lower part of theline. Based on this information, what is the ultimate amount of coal recoverable?

1. 28,254 Mt

2. 27,437 Mt

3. 26,743 Mt

4. 25,237 Mt

10 points

Question 42

M. King Hubbert worked for Shell Oil Company in the 1950s

True

False


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10 points

Question 43

According to the film "Crude Awakening", wind energy holds great promise for

delivering a significant fraction of energy in the future.

True

False

10 points

Question 44

According to Richard Alley, wind energy holds promise to supply _________ of ourcurrent global energy needs.

1. 25%

2. 100%

3. 78 times

4. 200 times

10 points

Question 45

According to Richard Alley, the world's "biofuel" use is ______% of the total worldenergy budget.

1. 5

2. 10

3. 13

4. 18

5. 22

10 points

Question 46


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According to Richard Alley, the world's fossil fluel use is ______% of the total worldenergy budget.

1. 62

2. 68

3. 72

4. 78

5. 84

10 points

Question 47

What is the cost per gallon to transport fuel to remote bases in Afghanistan?

1. $50/gallon

2. $100/gallon

3. $200/gallon

4. $300/gallon

5. $400/gallon

10 points

Question 48

There are about 7 billion people on the planet. What number of them are without accessto energy and clean fuels

1. 1 billion

2. 1.5 billion

3. 2 billion

4. 2.5 billion

10 points

Question 49


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According to Richard Alley, what organization performed much of the basic researchconfirming water vapor and carbon dioxide as greenhouse gases?

1. IPCC

2. Greenpeace

3. House Unamerican Activities Committee

4. Department of Defense (military)

10 points

Question 50

Who is this guy?

1. Matt Simmons, Energy Investment Banker

2. Roscoe Bartlett, U. S. Congressman

3. David Goodstein, Professor of Physics

4. Colin Campbell, Oil Geologist

10 points

Question 51


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Who is this guy?





10 points

Question 52

Who is this guy?



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10 points

Question 53

Who is this guy?





10 points

Question 54


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Who is this gal?

1. Vickie Anne Staples, Research Biologist (Cal Tech)

2. Jenna Johnson, Oil Geologist (Purdue)

3. Terry Lynn Karl, Political Scientist (Stanford)

4. Mary Lynn Jones, Social Scientist (Baylor)

10 points

Question 55

The fissile material in most nuclear power reactors is U-238 (uranium isotope 238).

True

False

10 points

Question 56

In a chain reaction, generation and control of escaping electrons is key to sustaining thereaction.

True

False


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10 points

Question 57

Reactors fueled with enriched uranium can be moderated with

a. deuterium

b. heavy water

c. ordinary water

10 points

Question 58

What is the concentration of fissile uranium is needed for light water reactors?

Answer

1. 99.3%

2. 2%-3%

3. 0.7%

4. 0%

10 points

Question 59

What is the concentration of fissile uranium found in nature?

Answer

1. 99.3%

2. 2%-3%

3. 0.7%

4. 0%

10 points

Question 60


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Which of the following are functions of the control rods in a nuclear reactor? (check allthat apply)

1. slow fast neutrons

2. maintain "critical" condition

3. cool the reaction

4. stop reaction completely

10 points

Question 61

Boron and cadmium are materials that are used to make control rods for nuclear reactors.

True

False

10 points

Question 62

How much energy is released when uranium 236 decays into krypton and barium?

1. about 10 eV

2. about 200 MeV

3. about 226 J

4. about 2.4 kJ

10 points

Question 63

Fast breeder reactors are not used in the United States due to nuclear proliferationconcerns. What fissile material is produced in fast breeder reactors?

1. Uranium

2. Krypton

3. Barium


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4. Plutonium

10 points

Question 64

Upon fission of a uranium atom, "fast" neutrons are released which, if not moderated,would escape the fuel assembly without causing further fissions.

True

False

10 points

Question 65

Which of these uranium isotopes are fissile?

1. U238

2. U239

3. U237

4. U235

10 points

Question 66

How many neutrons are released (on average) when uranium 236 decays into krypton andbarium?

1. about 1

2. about 2.5

3. about 3

4. variable but more than 4

10 points

Question 67


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What component of a nuclear reactor is responsible for creation of thermal neutrons fromfast neutrons?

1. moderator

2. non-fissile fuel

3. coolant

4. control rods

10 points

Question 68

Match each person with their occupation

Roscoe Barnett

Colin Campbell

Matt Simmons

David Goodstein

AnswerA. Physics Professor

B. investment banker

C. oil geologist

D. Congressman from Maryland

10 points

Question 69

Match each person with a publication they authored

Colin Campbell

David Goodstein

Terry Lynn Karl

Matt Simmons

Answer

A. Twilight in the Desert: The Coming SaudiOil Shock and the World Economy

B. The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and thePetro-States

C. Out of Gas: The End of the Age of Oil

D. The End of Cheap Oil

10 points

Question 70

According to Josh Fox, the 2005 Energy Bill exempts oil and gas industry from (check allthat apply)


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Safe Drinking Water Act

Clean Air Act

Superfund Law

Clean Water Act

10 points

Question 71

In what year was the Clean Water Act signed into law?

1968

1972

1976

1982

10 points

Question 72

Which American President signed the Clean Water Act into law?

Lyndon Johnson

Richard Nixon

Jimmy Carter

Ronald Reagan

10 points

Question 73

In the film, Gasland, Josh Fox first visits multiple homeowners in the Dimock, PA areathat claim water quality problems began only after fracking operations commenced intheir area.

True

False


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10 points

Question 74

Josh Fox says that Dick Cheney asked ______________________ to find new ways to

make public lands available for oil and gas exploration.

the Bureau of Land Management

the Office of Indian Affairs

the National Parks Association

the Department of the Interior

10 points

Question 75

According to Josh Fox, fracking fluid is a mixture of over ________ different chemicals.

431

293

1,048

596

10 points

Question 76

According to Josh Fox, each new well requires ______________ gallons of water to drill.

more than 10,000,000

less than 2,000,000

between one and seven million

about 20,000

10 points

Question 77


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According to Josh Fox, about _____________ of the hydraulic fluid that is pumped intothe well in fracking is recovered.

Answer

about halfabout 90%

only 25%

most

10 points

Question 78

Josh Fox talked to folks in Wyoming that have glycol ethers in their water well.

True

False

10 points

Question 79

According to Josh Fox, the "Halliburton Loophole" in the Safe Drinking Water

exempts oil and gas industry from litigation related to water quality issues

removed EPA oversight of oil and gas drilling operations

releases oil and gas industry from most regulatory oversight

allows injection of fluids for hydrualic fracturing directly into or adjacent tounderground drinking water supplies.

10 points

Question 80

Hydraulic fracturing typically begins with a horizontal well bored __________underground.

about 8,000 feet


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about 1 mile

about 1,000 feet

about 2 miles

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