A proposal to have a vacant lot at 170 8th Street and 3rd Avenue purchased and designated a Commemorative Ecological Parkto preserve America’s First Battle Cemetery and create a historical greenway trail to celebrate Brooklyn’s Revolution

Prepared by the Marylander Memorial Committee, Brooklyn Preservation Council August 2013

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MARYLANDER GREEN: AMERICA’S FIRST BATTLE MEMORIAL

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A COMMUNITY OPEN SPACE PROPOSAL

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AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MARYLANDER BURIAL SITE

On August 27 1776, a month after America’sDeclaration of Independence from Great Britain,troops from the newly formed Continental Armyfought for the first time as Americans againstBritish and Hessian troops. Much of the fightingwas concentrated near what is now 4th Avenueand 3rd Street in Park Slope, Brooklyn, site ofthe Old Stone House Memorial. America lost theBattle of Long Island but had the strategicforesight to retreat and eventually win the warthat created the United States of America. A large number of American soldiers died andwere buried near the battlefield.

Old Stone House Battle Site (Thomas 1913, Furman 2013)

1776, 27 August - The Continental Army at the Battle of BrooklynPainter - Domenick D'Andrea

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211782 SPROULE SURVEY MAP with American fortifications around the Gowanus Marshes in 1776

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Where is their burial site and how should weremember America’s first soldiers ?

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View of site looking south towards Ninth street towards Sunset Park

WHERE IS THE SUSPECTED BURIAL SITE ?

View of site looking north towards 8th street and theGowanus Canal

View of site looking north east towards Park Slope with adjacent subway line bridge and station.

The Site is located at the intersection of 8th Street andThird Avenue, in the neighborhood of Gowanus, on theedge of Park Slope, in Brooklyn, United States of America.

It is a former chemical factory and knitting mill and now avacant concrete slab stretching between 8th Street and9th Street and is adjacent to the Rawley’s Veterans Post.It is 5 minutes walk from the 4th Ave / 9th Street Subwaystop, served by the F, G and R subway and the 61 Bus.

The site is currently for sale and the adjacent VeteransPost has plaques and flag poles commemorating the contribution of the Marylander and Delaware Regiments tothe 1776 War for American Independence during the Battleof Brooklyn.

There is strong evidence that this site may still holdthe remains of the first soldiers ever to die for the American Continental Army.

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The Marylander Design Competition would be held todevelop plans for the following Park components:

A memorial to the soldiers who were buried there.

A commemorative community park and playgroundreflecting the values that the soldiers fought for.

A museum or outdoor exhibits reflecting proposedarchaeological site investigation findings, including itsindustrial history. This would be integrated withexisting Old Stone House education programming.

Future plans, based on findings, may include:

Veterans parking improvements and potentialschool tour group access accommodations.A stewardship center and park maintenance facilityfor groups like the Gowanus Canal Conservancy,Gowanus Alliance and local block associations.An urban landscaping greenway incorporating asystem of both natural and artificial “street creeks” totie the park to the existing Old Stone House and Heritage Trail amenities and reconnecting the naturalflow of water to Gowanus Canal Waterfront Park

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A NEW PARK IS PROPOSED..

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ?

A SITE OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

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1869 Plan of the Positions andMovements of the British andAmerican Army on the 26th and27th of August 1776TW Field, Brooklyn Historical Society Map Collection.

This is one of the few maps to show thegeneral burial location of the casualties of the Battle of Brooklyn.

1846 Brooklyn Eagle Farm MapHighlighted in yellow is the Staats, and

later Bergen, Farms patent as described inStile’s 1869 History of Brooklyn.The 2012 Battle of Brooklyn Old StoneHouse Walking Guide notes that theStaats and the Bergen families used a hillin the Gowanus marshlands, circled in red,for family and slave cemeteries. HistorianTW Fields (1869) records these as havingbeen used for the 1776 military burials.

WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE THAT THIS IS THE ACTUAL BURIAL SITE ?

WHAT OTHER RESEARCH IS THERE ON THE BURIAL GROUND ?

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An Overview of Archaeological Studies performed round the Marylander Hill Burial Area

PROPOSED PARK SITESBased on the latest historical findings, and review ofhistorical maps, the proposed Marylander Park andarchaeological site will be made up of one key Acquisi-tion Parcel and potentially two other study parcels:

The Marylander Hill Park Site, 170 8th Street, Brooklyn Block 1003 Lot 11 Vacant Fried Family Knitting Mill Site

This is principal and only site being considered for thearchaeological investigation and commemorative park.

Should archaeological survey discover cemetery relics,two other adjacent study sites will be considered for theirrelationship to the proposed park

Study Area Site 2 : Veterans Post Parking Lot 193 9th Street, Brooklyn Block 1003 Lot 64 Rawley Veterans Post 1636 Parking Lot

Based entirely on the interests of current owners,discussions would be initiated for an expanded archaeo-logical study and how to better integrate this site withpark, for example for periodic school bus parking.

2013 MAP with Marylander Hill Site showing selected lots based on archaeological reports and georeferenced historical maps.

Study Area Site 3: 203 9th Street, Brooklyn Block 1003 Lot 59, a one storywarehouse/parking owned by 203 9th Street Associates

Depending on availability, this site will be considered forits suitability for an Environmental Stewardship Centerfor the Gowanus Canal Conservancy and other localgroups as part of Marylander Park Maintenance Plan(see Appendix for more information on these lots)

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THE NUMBER OF WAR DEAD AND THEIRBURIAL LOCATION

Linda Davis Reno gives the most accurate burial esti-mate of a 153 locally buried casualties based on awell researched Regiment history. (The Maryland 400and the Battle of Long Island, 2008). The local burialsare referred to as the dead of the Maryland andDelaware regiments or the “Marylander 400”. Esti-mates of total battle casualties have ranged from 256who died at the Stone House battle site (James Wal-ter Thomas, 1913) to 1,120 (John J. Gallagher, TheBattle of Brooklyn, 1995) but this included totaldeaths throughout Brooklyn and soldiers taken pris-oners. Thomas W. Fields, in his “The Battle of LongIsland” (1870) refer to soldiers having been buried atscattered sites, and only later brought to a central-ized mass grave near Third Avenue and 8th Street.

"On the shore of Gowanus Bay sleep the remains ofthis noble band. Out upon the broad surface of thelevel marsh rose a little island with trees and under-growth. Around this mound, scarcely an acre in ex-tent, clustered a few of the survivors of the fatal fieldand of the remorseless swamp, and here the heroicdead were brought, and laid beneath its sod, after thestorm of battle had swept by. Tradition says that allthe dead of the Maryland and Delaware battalions,who fell on and near the meadow, were buried inthis Miniature island, which promised at that day theseclusion and sacred (quiet which befit the restingplace of the heroic dead. Third avenue intersects thewesterly end of the mound; and Seventh and Eighthstreets indicate two of its sides".Chronicles of Colonial Maryland, James WalterThomas, 1913 (further research shows hill extendedfrom 7th to 9th Street, and potentially as far as 11thStreet)

"Mingled with the remains of the servile sons ofAfrica whose burial ground it also was, lies the dustof those brave boys.”Fields, 1869, as quoted in Hunter Research Draft2012 Gowanus Canal Archaeology Report, referringto Marylander Hill

Attention for locating the Marylanders has been fo-cused on the “traditional site” on the east side ofThird Ave between 7th and 8th Street. This proposalincludes updated research discussions about hillsections outside of this area where the above men-tioned grave remnants may have survived.

2012 MARYLANDER HILL LIDAR MODEL Light Imaging Data andRanging (LIDAR) study of the “flat” concrete slab covering the 170 8thStreet. The site was identified as a possible surviving remnant of theMarylander Burial Ground and LIDAR looks for terrain anomalies. The2010 laser beam generated topographic data, accurate to within aquarter of an inch is capable of detecting minor fluctuations in theground, giving invaluable clues to potential buried archaeological sitessuch as lost grave yards.

2010 DEM (Digital Elevation Model) image by Jarlath O’Neil-Dunne and Eymund Diegel

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1766 RATZER MAP showing Marylander Hill area, an “island”surrounded by marshy streams that was used as neighborhoodburial site and 1776 Battle of Brooklyn burial ground as describedby historians.

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1782 SPROULE MAP showing Marylander Hill surrounded bystreams. Gowanus Creek being salty, colonial farm houses werebuilt next to fresh water springs that fed marsh streams.

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In 1933 Old Stone House Memorial Committeetook the leadership role in commemorating Battleof Brooklyn history with the reconstruction of theoriginal farmhouse at JJ Byrne Park.

With the repopulation of the Gowanus basin afterdecades of industrial decline, the Old StoneHouse has helped promote a resurgence of “Battle of Brooklyn” themed activities by local historical and cultural groups, and a growing interest in the neighborhood’s history.

http://theoldstonehouse.org/

"Aye, this is the ground, My blind eyes even as I speak behold it re-peopled fromgraves, The years recede, pavements and stately houses disappear, Rude forts appear again, the oldhoop’d guns are mounted, I see the lines of rais’d earth stretching from river to bay, I mark the vista ofwaters, I mark the uplands and slopes; Here we lay encamp’d, it was this time in summer also."

(a conversation between a Revolutionary War veteran and a young Union Army volunteer in the firstyear of the Civil War. Soldiers drill on a bright day in Fort Greene Park, and the veteran suddenlyremembers the real fighting he took part in eighty-five years earlier on the same hills overlooking theGowanus marshes)

by Walt Whitman, Brooklyn Poet, from Leaves of Grass, 1855, as quoted in Barnet Schecter's The Battle for New York, 2010

May 2012 Old Stone House Battle of Brooklyn reenactments with formerBrooklyn Parks Commissioner Julius Spiegel and current Brooklyn ParksCommissioner Kevin Jeffrey.

2012, 1 March, The Old Stone House, or Vechte Cortelyou house, site of the Gowanus Battle of Brooklyn Marylander soldiers last standPhotographer: Sean Hanley

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2010, Battle of Brooklyn, a 6 daystreet art event by General Howe /Jaime Rojo

2008, Marylander Street Art, Peter Manzari

2001, The Brave Man, film reenact-ment of the Battle of Brooklyn usingred and blue actors to show troopmovements, by Joseph McCarthy

2012, Liberty PoleSmith and Bergen Street,

Sasha Chavchavadze,Proteus Gowanus,

The Battle of Brooklyn has become acultural touchstone, an opportunity forcreating a “Revolutionary Museumwithout Walls”, and to continue developing the Borough as a culturaldestination.

2013, Robert Sullivan’s My American Revolutiondescribes how alive history can be,right under our noses.

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"My father (a building contractor)found … the bones ofsome thirty bodies inregular, or militaryorder in the course ofdigging cellars forapartment buildings onthe site.”Dr. Nicholas Ryan, a Brooklyn Heights physician, as quoted in Historical Orientation Report for Archaeological Investigation, Marylanders’ Burial Site, Brooklyn,New York, 1956, U.S. National Parks Service. BoroughHistorian Kelly also records that in 1955 Peter Bacenet of427 Third Ave (at 7th Street) had found bones in hisbackyard but had thrown them away.

1850 Stodard Topographic Survey of Third Avenueshowing Marylander Hill at 21 feet in 1850, roughly thesame as 2013. The adjacent 24 feet elevation portion ofthe Hill was never excavated, meaning some gravescould have survived. (Bob Furman archives)

GRAVES COULD HAVESURVIVED LANDSCAPECHANGES

In 1955, Congress enacted legislation to pay forhistorical research by federal archaeologists inpreparation for declaring the site a national ceme-tery. The 1956 Study collected valuable evidenceon the potential survival of soldiers graves at theThird Ave and 8th Street “Marylanders’ Burial Site”,but heavy urbanization and active property usesprevented excavations at the time. During the1980s industrial buildings built on top of thesuspected grave site area were abandoned anddemolished, leaving behind a concrete slab cover-ing a third of an acre. This accidental mortuary slabraised the possibility that a portion of the gravescould have remained undisturbed, as the build-ings had never had excavated basements.

Using Bob Furman’s updated 2011 Marylanderresearch, investigations by cartographer EymundDiegel showed that “Marylander Hill” was still atroughly the same height in 2012 that it was in1776, (sloping from 16 to 24 feet). Though Mary-lander Hill’s surrounding valley stream beds hadbeen filled in as 1850’s road construction landfilledthe Gowanus Marshes, parts of the hill top had re-mained intact. In 2012, encouraged by this hill topsurvival possibility, citizen researchers from PublicLaboratory, the Gowanus Canal Conservancy andProteus Gowanus continued community researchefforts using high resolution balloon photography.

Their aerial photographs uncovered new evidenceof the potential survival of a mass grave ofRevolutionary War soldiers on the vacant lot,now in imminent danger of redevelopment.

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NEW RESEARCHPortions of the original hill top cemetery mayhave survived the ravages of urbanization, andstate of the art digital aerial photography andLIDAR topographic modeling shows cracksand depressions in the now paved site consis-tent soil conditions for rows of graves.

The theory that balloon mappers from theGowanus Canal Conservancy explored in2012 was that the different soil compactionfrom digging graves or covering grave moundswith cobbles would have caused cracks toappear on the concrete slabs covering thetrenches as trucks drove over them.

HOW MUCH SPACE WOULD BODIES TAKE ? 2013 map showing survival of portions the original 24 foot highMarylander Hill (compared to surveyed heights in the 1835 USGS Renard Survey and the 1850 New York City RoadsGrading Survey by Stodards and Willard Day ). Overlaid on the map is an estimate of the space that would be occupiedby 153 to 256 bodies, based on a sketch (see following page) by Henry Wildhack Jr., a local resident interviewed in the1956 National Parks Service Archaeological Survey. Based on the sketch, the trenches roughly followed a truenorth/south Christian burial axis. The speculative grave layout ignores any curvature in the hill slope, or a magnetic northalignment.

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In 1947, Parks Commissioner Robert Moseshad a rough sketch proposal for a MemorialPark drawn up, (shown in red overlay on this2010 aerial) but lack of funds preventedimplementation.

MOSESORIGINAL MARYLANDER PARK SITE

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The 1956 National Parks Survey quoted local resi-dent Henry Wildhack Jr. who remembered findingbones and metal fragments while playing among therows of burial trenches that stretched up the hill.These would have stretched from 8th to 9th Street,the focus area of the Marylander Green site below.

“The burialtrenches usedto run in thisdirection. Ithink therewere 6 ofthem.”

WILDHACKTRENCHAREA

Henry Wildhack Jr, then aged 11, in a 1905 Newspaperphoto of the 1897 Marylander Plaque that was on thesidewalk of Third Avenue near 8th Street

Robert Moses, Park Planner

1956 Henry Wildhack Jr, Trench sketch from 1956 Survey

2010 Aerial showing Trench area, Moses Plan and New Park

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The Gowanus Canal Conservancy /Public Lab “Over My Dead Body”Balloon Aerial Photography Map-ping Team was a citizen led effortby local community groups to findout more about vacant sites in theGowanus Watershed that would besuitable for new open spaces. Highresolution balloon photographyallows for previously unnoticeddetails to prompt further questions.

“Grassroots Mapping” aims to findmeaningful data that can helpcontribute to civic discourse.

Brooklyn Citizen Science at work: 7 July 2012 – Grassroots Mapping aerial of the 170 8th Street “New Park”Site showing an unusual crack pattern; a Grassroots Mapper is simulating space a buried body would occupy.

The Over My Dead Body Team: Liz Barry, Gena Wirth, Leif Percifield, Eymund Diegel, Sara Dabbs(photographer)

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July 2012 Balloon “Concrete Crack” Aerial overlaid with 1” topographic contours derived from2010 NYC LIDAR Digital Elevation Model for the 170 8th Street Site

In the above aerial of the 170 8th Street site,taken from a balloon, Grassroots Mapper LizBarry demonstrates the space occupied by agrave. Next to her in blue are one inch topo-graphic contours derived from the New YorkCity 2010 LIDAR model.

Curiosity about the unusual balloon photo-graph crack patterns prompted Eymund Diegelto work with Jarlath O’Neill Dunne, a specialistin LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). Airplanes with LIDAR use high resolutionlasers to map minor fluctuations in the terrainelevation.

New York City had just flown a LIDAR digitalelevation model (DEM) for the whole city in2010. This model has a vertical accuracy of aquarter inch. This previously unheard of accu-racy allows for minor topographic fluctuationsto be highlighted and to pick up clues to slightmounding or depressions on otherwise seem-ingly flat surfaces.

Preliminary tests using the LIDAR data showsan unusual one inch fluctuation in the eleva-tion of the concrete slab - hinting at either subsurface colonial building foundations, burialtrenches or sloppy concrete work.

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The LIDAR model flown by the City gives clues to the archaeo-logical history the 170 8th Street lot by mapping minor height fluc-tuations on the cement slab. A pattern of mounds anddepressions appears, which may just be old building footings orsloppy concrete work. Their scale and proportions eerily re-semble cobble covered tombs. The mounds roughly followthe “magnetic north” grave orientation of early Christian buriallayouts. This layout also matches the Wildhack description in the1956 Archaeology report, accounting for Marylander Hill’s curva-ture as shown on the Sproule Map.

The questions of what lies under the concrete slab shouldbe resolved by a subsurface archaeological investigation.

ONE INCH TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF MARYLANDER HILL SITEusing 2010 LIDAR high resolution digital elevation model data.A Gowanus Canal Conservancy “Over My Dead Body” Balloon Aerial allows you to compare the scale of a human body with unusual bumps.

2012 LIDARSTUDYbyJarlath O’Neill Dunneand Eymund Diegel

FIELD VERIFIED: “bump” pattern was measured onsite and found to be accurate

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This site is a unique opportunity for State and Cityauthorities to restore a commemorative site honor-ing veterans of America’s 1776 War of Independ-ence and at the same time meet the open spaceand environmental needs of the growing ParkSlope, Sunset Park and Gowanus residentialneighborhoods. As per 2010 Census, 8965 peoplelived within a 1000 feet of the Marylander site.

The New York City Planning Standards outlined inthe 2010 City Environmental Quality Review Tech-nical Manual encourage a standard of 2.5 acres ofopen space within half a mile for every 1000 resi-dents.

In 2010, 30,476 people live within half a mile ofthe Marylander site and around 4600 students.

City standards call for them to have 76 acres ofopen space. As of 2012, those residents only hadaccess to 6.57 acres.

MORE PEOPLE WILL LIVE HEREWithin the Marylander sites half mile radius, theCity has upzoned the density for 4th Avenue, withmultiple apartment buildings under construction.The Gowanus Canal waterfront has 1400 new res-idential units planned. With the new hotel rezon-ings, Gowanus is now a tourism destination, whichcan be enhanced by developing the areas histori-cal assets.

Because of the residential upzoning, the Cityneeds to provide more open space for newresidents

2010 Population Density within half a mile of proposed Marylander site showing lack of open space

CURRENT NEED FOR NEW OPEN SPACE FOR EXISTING AND PROJECTED RESIDENTS

Amount of Open Space per Resident that CEQR CityGuidelines call for:100 square feet per person

WHAT OTHER ARGUMENTS ARE THERE FOR COMMEMORATING THE SITE AS A PARK ?

What residents currently have access to:10 square feet per person

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In August 2013 the first phase of the GowanusCanal Conservancy’s plan for a network ofgreen spaces to protect the water quality of theCanal was approved. The Sponge Park Planby dlandstudio is part of a broader vision forthe watershed looking at ways sustainableopen space practices can enhance the neigh-borhood’s livability.

The Old Stone House’s pioneering work in pro-moting a walking guide to the watershed’s his-torical assets would be reinforced by acoherent watershed plan designing the City’shistory into an integrated storm water andrecreational greenway system.

This Revolutionary Greenway Heritage Trailwould tie the past to its promising future.

Marylander Green would be a prototype forestablishing New York City as the center forAmerica’s Revolution and innovative practicesto meet growing environmental challenges.

EXISTING OPEN SPACE PROPOSALS

THE NEW PARK WOULD BE PART OF THE BROADER REVITALIZATION OF THE WATERSHED

2013 - Mayor Bloomberg at the unveiling of new Gowanus CanalFlushing Tunnel infrastructure as part of the first steps needed tomeet the watershed’s environmental restoration goals.

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The Gowanus Canal Conservancy has beenspearheading watershed planning efforts toexplore ideas for improving the Brooklyn’swaterfronts environmental health. Thisincludes understanding techniques for divert-ing rainwater out of the streets overloadedsewer systems, and back to more “natural”water sensitive urban designs, such as PlayPump parks and “street creeks”.

The proposed Marylander Park would be aflagship site for integrating suchinnovative techniques for improving ourneighborhoods.

2012 - Ate Atema Architects “Street Creek” Concept - a sustainable technique for reducing Gowanus sewer overflows andimproving livability of New York City streets by integrating street landscapes and water sensitive urban design new parks.

As part of the 2013 Gowanus Watershed Plan, under development, rainwater flows that causesewage pollution are being modeled. Because many of the City’s playgrounds were built on dampland and buried streams, there is an opportunity to install rainwater catchment cisterns under Cityparks and playgrounds, Children playing on merry-go-round pumps would bring the water back outto Green Streets after the storm. Though potentially restricted by burial sites, the proposed Mary-lander Park site has an excellent watershed catchment area. Cheaper rain tanks would avoid moreexpensive federally mandated sewer tanks in the Gowanus flood zone.

MARYLANDERWATERSHED

IT COULD HELP CITY MEET FEDERALLY MANDATED POLLUTION REDUCTION GOALS

Kids Merry-go-rounds pumpstored rainwater

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A detailed cost estimate is outside of the scope of thisproposal and would be prepared by qualified propertyassessors, park planners and the property owners oncefurther Federal State and City support for the MemorialPark Planning Commission has developed. Approximatefigures given here are for general discussion only. Forthe purposes of cost estimates, two Park development sce-narios are being studied. The Memorial Park Scenario Oneis the immediate one being proposed for funding.

MEMORIAL PARK SCENARIO ONE: Acquisition ofthe vacant 170 8th Street 13,500 feet square (ft2) vacantlot, the site with the most archaeological and commemora-tive potential.LAND ACQUISITIONAt $350 per ft2, the 170 8th Street lot’s land acquisitioncosts is estimated at around $4.75 million.

SITE INVESTIGATIONSTo establish the archaeological value of the site, it will benecessary to clear it of it’s cement covering.Site clearing:This will cost around $50,000 for concrete removal. As thesite’s eventual park plan would conform to LEED sustain-ability development standards, this cost would be lower asremoved concrete slabs would be stored on site for even-tual reusing in park landforming. This would also protect thearchaeological site during incremental investigation. Finalcosts will be a function of contractor bids.Archaeological investigations:Preliminary site survey estimate: $50,000This would include the hiring of a professional team ofarchaeologists to do a preliminary excavation survey. Seethe Appendix for the typical tasks that would be covered.Expanded archaeological costs and further studies wouldbe a function of the preliminary survey findings. If no mili-tary relics are found, for example, if graves have been relo-cated, or if cemetery is a colonial one of early farmers andslaves, then the site would become a Battle of Brooklynpark on a purely commemorative basis. The Memorial ParkScenario One including new Park construction is estimatedto cost around $6.5 million. (see Appendix for details)

HYPOTHETICAL MUSEUM SCENARIO TWO: If the Archaeological Investigation finds the Marylandergraves, then an expanded park will be considered. Workingwith the America Legion directives, a discussion would be

started on the future role of the Veterans parking lot andthe 203 9th Street lot. The focus would be on their po-tential archaeological value as further grave reposito-ries, and how these sites could support operations parkoperations, such as accommodating school tour groupsand a future museum. This hypothetical land scenariocould totals 20,485 square feet (ft2) or $7.2 million inland costs, and would be coordinated with existing Bat-tle of Brooklyn exhibits at the Old Stone House.

Gowanus Property values have been climbing, rangingfrom $350 per ft2 to $550 for vacant lots and aban-doned industrial spaces. The 170 8th Street lot hasbeen abandoned for decades, and being a formerchemical factory site and with it’s reputation as a sensi-tive archaeological site it faces development restric-tions.

PARK COSTSThe High Line, currently one of the most expensive andsuccessful urban parks in New York is 296,000 ft2 andcost $172 million, or $580 per ft2. Marylander GreenPark, if designed to a similar level, would cost $12 mil-lion. In contrast, the price for the recently approved15,000 ft2 Second Street Gowanus Sponge Park is$1.5 million or $100 per ft2. This would put the 20,000ft2 Marylander Green Park construction costs in the$1.5 to 2 million range. Final costs would be a func-tion of the design competition proposal and what Fed-eral, State, City and community stakeholders decide isappropriate to commemorate America’s First Veterans.These stakeholders would set up a Planning Commis-sion who would develop detailed planning and Park de-velopment contracts. This Commission would requireadditional funding as a percentage of the final park cost.

COMMUNITY STEWARDSHIP SCENARIOAssuming Federal, State or City acquisition of the site,an immediate alternate scenario would be to work withexisting local community stewards such as theGowanus Canal Conservancy and the Old StoneHouse to preserve the site and develop the site as aninterim open space within the much lower cost param-eters of the City’s Citizen’s Participatory Budget system.

This would protect the site from imminent redevelop-ment threats and allow a phased and incremental me-morial park and education space, meeting budgetconstraints and community needs.

1776 “Tobacco” currency used to pay Continental Army Soldiers from Georgia Fraser’s 1909 “The Old Stone House”2012 “Available” Sign for 170 8th Street from the Gowanus Canal Conservancy “Over My Dead Body” Expedition

HOW MUCH WILL IT COST ? PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE: $ 6.5 MILLION

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COMPETING USES FOR THE SITE.In 2012 the New School Construction Authority con-sidered the site for a school for Park Slope’s growingstudent population. It retained TRC Senior ProjectManager Charles Guder to do soil borings on the siteand it retained Elizabeth Meade of AKRF Archaeologi-cal Consultants to review the historical significance ofthe site. Results of the investigation are still beingcompiled.

Because of it’s proximity to the desirable Park Slopeneighborhood, and it’s strategic location between the4th Avenue residential densification corridor and theemerging Gowanus Third Avenue entertainment andrestaurant district, the site is a prime candidate forhigh density residential development.

FUNDING SOURCESIf an archaeological investigation finds the site to holdremains of Battle of Brooklyn soldiers, it would legallybecome a federal military cemetery.

American Missing Soldiers FundThe Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (JPAC) isresponsible for recovering and preserving the remainsof America’s soldiers. Though focused on more recentwars, it has dealt with Civil War and RevolutionaryWar remains. As America’s First Federal MilitaryCemetery, the site warrants special consideration.

American Battlefields Protection ProgramThis National Park Service program supports projectsthat protect battlefields and sites associated with bat-tle fields, but does not fund land acquisition or capitalimprovement projects. In 2011, Senator Charles E.Schumer promoted United States legislation S.916 topromote the purchase of threatened Continental Armysites in New York State.

Maryland Historic TrustAs most of the soldiers interred at the proposed Parksite were from the Maryland Regiment, State of Mary-land Governor Martin O’Malley has written a letter of-fering support for proper commemoration of theMarylander’s role in the American Revolution.

New York State Council for the Artssupports the Old Stone House commemoration pro-grams and the expansion of their cultural activities.

New York City Dept. of Environmental Protec-tion Green Infrastructure PlanUnder the Environmental Protection Agency’sGowanus Canal Superfund Cleanup Program theCity of New York is being asked to provide $78 mil-lion in necessary sewer tank infrastructure im-provements to prevent toxic overflows to theCanal. The City is challenging that decision. TheCity’s Green Infrastructure Plan is being presentedas a more sustainable opportunity, opening thepossibility of integrating Marylander Park with alower cost system of better storm water manage-ment for the upslope sections of the Gowanus wa-tershed.

New York City Dept of Park’s & Recreation /City Parks Foundation PartnersNew York City has teamed up with community or-ganizations to improve open spaces for New York-ers. Both the Trust for Public Land and the NewYork Restoration Project have funded open spaceimprovements in the Gowanus Watershed.

New York City Dept of Cultural Affairsis the largest cultural funding agency in the nation,and supports Battle of Brooklyn commemorationevents and programs.

Brooklyn Arts Councilsupports Arts and Media related to history and cul-tural outreach

Private and Corporate DonorsA number of private and community groups havestepped forward to support open space and com-memorative projects in the Watershed

Brooklyn Community Foundation Green Com-munities Fund has funded the Brooklyn Green-way Initiative.Powerhouse Environmental Arts Foundationrecently acquired the Dentons Mill site, anothersuspected Revolutionary War soldier burialground, adjacent to the First Street GowanusCanal Basin.

Many other groups and individuals will stepforward as Brooklyn’s Revolutionary Parktakes shape.

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STAKEHOLDERS & COMMUNITY DIRECTORYBelow are people or organizations who have worked onMarylander Park research or have contributed to our discus-sion of Brooklyn cultural arts and open space issues. Theirname here in no way implies support of this proposaland are purely contacts for people seeking further commentand research discussion. This list is in no ways complete,and is being continously expanded as part of the MarylanderMemorial Committee’s outreach efforts. You can contact Eymund Diegel - eymund@gmail.com to be added to thisoutreach directory and be notified of plan developments.

ARCHAEOLOGISTSChrysalis Archaeology - www.chrysalisarchaeology.comChris Ricciardi -cricciardi@chrysalisarchaeology.comAlyssa Loorya - aloorya@chrysalisarchaeology.com- did Marylander Research for FROGG in 2012

AKRF Cultural Resources - www.akrf.comElizabeth Meade - emeade@akrf.com- Marylander Research for School Construction Authority in 2013

Hunter Research - www.hunterresearch.comPatrick Harshbarger - pharshbarger@hunterresearch.com- did Marylander Research for the US Environmental ProtectionAgency in 2012

US Army Corps of EngineersLynn Rakos - lrakos@hotmail.com , RCSIAprez@aol.com- has done research on historically sensitive sites around theGowanus Canal

Brooklyn College - Anthropology & ArchaeologyArthur Bankoff - abankoff brooklyn.cuny.edu- did Marylander Research on 8th Street site area in 1998

New York City Landmarks Preservation CommissionAmanda Sutphin, Director of Archaeologyasutphin@lpc.nyc.gov - reviews and promotes historical and archaeological research onGowanus watershed development projects

Hunter College Anthropology DepartmentWilliam J Parry - wparry@hunter.cuny.edu- does Battle of Brooklyn research with the Old Stone House, andsouthern 10th Street sections of Marylander Hill.

Brooklyn Borough HistorianRon Schweiger - bklynremembered@aol.com

HISTORICAL RESEARCH GROUPS

Brooklyn Historical Society- maintain archival resources and organize events on Brooklyn his-toryJacob Nadal - jnadal@brooklynhistory.orgJim Rossman - jimrossman@nyc.rr.comBill Coleman - wrcoleman@gmail.com,

The Old Stone Housewww.theoldstonehouse.org- organize archives and events related to the Battle of Brooklyn andMarylander commemorationKim Maier - oldstonehouse@verizon.netPeter Joseph - peterljoseph@gmail.com

Proteus Gowanushttp://proteusgowanus.org/- organize Battle of Brooklyn themed art events and run the Hallof the Gowanus, a community digital historical resource archiveinfo@proteusgowanus.orgSasha Chavchavadze - sashachav@gmail.comAngela Kramer - krangela64@gmail.comTamara Pittman - tamarappittman@gmail.comEymund Diegel - eymund@gmail.com

Friends and Residents of Greater Gowanus (FROGG)http://froggbrooklyn.org/- works to protect its industrial heritage and support its innova-tive and creative future. Recently completed a major industrialand historical values study of the Gowanus.Marlene Donnely - studio460@msn.comLinda Mariano - joeandlinda393@aol.com

Brooklyn Preservation Councilhttp://brooklynheightsblog.com/promoting the Brooklyn Heritage Trail and preservation ofBrooklyn historical sites, writing books on the Marylander BurialSite and the American RevolutionBob Furman - bobfurman1@hotmail.comBuddy Scotto - livery2000@aol.comEymund Diegel - eymund@gmail.com

Global Gazeteer of the American Revolutionhttp://gaz.jrshelby.com/- collects and archives research material pertaining to the Battleof Brooklyn and the American RevolutionJohn Robertson - rwmapper@gmail.com

Joseph Alexiou - joseph.alexiou@gmail.comhttp://www.josephalexiou.com/- writing book on history of the Gowanus Canal

COMMUNITY GROUPS Gowanus Canal Conservancywww.gowanuscanalconservancy.orgThe Conservancy facilitates the environmental health of theGowanus Canal and its watershed by serving as a trusted re-source and guiding the vision and transformation of the water-shed with respect for the history of the community.Hans Hesselein - hans@gowanuscanalconservancy.orgAndy Simons - andy@gowanuscanalconservancy.org

Gowanus Alliance www.gowanusalliance.org- Local property owners and businesses promoting the en-hancement and development of the Gowanus Neighborhood, in-cluding the improvements of it’s open spaces, in particular EnnisPlayground.Paul Basile - gowanusalliance@gmail.com

Gowanus By Designwww.gowanusbydesign.comGowanus by Design is a community-based non-profit urban de-sign advocacy. Working with the area’s stakeholders Gbd organ-izes design competitions to visualize the areas potential. David Briggs - dbriggs@gowanusbydesign.comAnthony Deen - Adeen@gowanusbydesign.com

Friends of Sunset Parkhttp://friendsofsunsetpark-brooklyn.blogspot.com- promotes neighborhood quality of life issues in Sunset ParkMaria Roca - friendsofsunsetpark@yahoo.com

22

United Puerto Rican Organization of Sunset Park - UPROSEwww.uprose.orgElizabeth Yeampierre - Info@UPROSE.org

Park Slope Neighborswww.parkslopeneighbors.org- A neighborhood organization committed to the protection and en-hancement of quality of life in Park Slope, BrooklynEric McClure - eric@parkslopeneighbors.org

8th Street Block AssociationAssociation of residents living around the Marylander siteJulius Lang - - juliuslang@gmail.comKathryn Krase - katkrase@aol.com(also on Brooklyn Preservation Council)

American Legion Rawley Veterans Post 1636Veterans Post adjacent to the Marylander Burial GroundPhilip J Dugan - (718) 788-3499Peter DeAngelis - pjdeangelis@gmail.com

MEDIA WHO COVER GOWANUS HISTORY ISSUES

Gary Buiso - GBuiso@nypost.com- NY Post writer writing on MarylandersB’klyn hunt for sprit of 1776 soldiers - 2012Justin Burke - jburke@sorosny.org- NY Times writer and Gowanus resident covering Battle of Brook-lyn eventsSeeking Brooklyn’s Lost Mass Grave - 2012Madeline Gordon - mrgordon88@gmail.com Philip Shane - drhundertwasser@mac.com- doing ongoing documentary on Marylanders and community ef-forts to find them.Matt Koed - bdkpictures@yahoo.com- documentary film maker interested in doing Marylander Archaeol-ogy documentary as dig develops.Katia Kelly - pardonmeinbrooklyn@gmail.com- Pardon Me For Asking blog which covers neighborhood history is-sues Benjamin Aufill - GowanusYourFaceOff@gmail.com- Gowanus Your Face Off blog, which has covered Marylander Bur-ial Ground developmentsThe Dead May Have Been Awoken - 2012

The proposed Marylander Green Memorial Park is in:- Brooklyn Community District 306 - City Council District 38 - Sara M. González- NY Assembly District 51 - Felix W. Ortiz- NY Senate District 25 - Velmanette Montgomery- Congressional 12th District - Nydia Margarita Velázquez- US Senate District - Chuck Schumer

POLITICAL STAKEHOLDERSBrooklynCraig Hammerman, Brooklyn Community Board 6districtmanager@brooklyncb6.orgJerry Armer, CB6 contact on Archaeology issues at SuperfundCommunity Advisory Group - jjarmer@yahoo.comKevin Jeffrey, Brooklyn Parks Commissioner kevin.jeffrey@parks.nyc.govMarty Markowitz, Brooklyn Borough Presidentmarty@brooklynbp.nyc.govElizabeth Koch, Borough Arts & Cultureekoch@brooklynbp.nyc.gov

New York CityMichael Bloomberg, Mayormbloomberg@cityhall.nyc.govChristine Quinn, NYC Council Speakercquinn@council.nyc.govSarah M. Gonzáles, District 38 Councilpersonsgonzalez@council.nyc.govStephen T. Levin, District 33 CouncilpersonSLevin@council.nyc.govLisa Bloodgood, Community Liasondistrict33pb@gmail.comBrad Lander, District 39 CouncilpersonCLander@council.nyc.govJonah Blumstein, Community Liaisonjblumstein@council.nyc.gov Veronica White, New York City Department of Parks & Recreation Commissionerveronicawhite@parks.nyc.govCarter Strickland, New York City Department of Environmental Protection Commissionercstrickland@dep.nyc.govGary Kline, NYSDEC, Water, NYC Municipal Compliance gekline@gw.dec.state.ny.usFelix W. Ortiz, New York State Assemblyperson (51)ortizf@assembly.state.ny.usJoan Millman, New York State Assemblyperson (52)millmaj@assembly.state.ny.usNew York StateMarty Golden, New York State Senatorgolden@nysenate.govEric Adams, New York State Senator (20)eadams@senate.state.ny.usKevin S. Parker ,New York State Senator (21)parker@senate.state.ny.usVelmanette Montgomery, New York State Senator (25)montgome@senate.state.ny.usDaniel L. Squadron, New York State Senator (26)squadron@senate.state.ny.usPhilip A. Perazio, New York State Div. for Historic PreservationPhilip.Perazio@oprhp.state.ny.usChristina B. Rieth, New York State Museumcrieth@mail.nysed.govState of MarylandMartin O’ Malley, Governor, State of Marylandhttp://www.governor.maryland.gov/mail/US Federal AgenciesUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyChristos Tsiamis, Gowanus Canal Superfund Sitetsiamis.christos@epa.govNational Parks Service, Archaeology ProgramDCA@nps.govLee Tucker. Joint POW/MIA Accounting CommandPao_mail@jpac.pacom.milUS SenateChuck SchumerNicholas_Martin@schumer.senate.govKirsten Gillibrandsam_cooper@Gillibrand.senate.govUS CongressNydia Margarita VelázquezNydia.Velazquez@mail.house.govDan Wiley, Community LiasonDaniel.Wiley@mail.house.govBarack Hussein Obama www.whitehouse.gov/contactformer Park Slope resident, and descendent of the Wrightfamily, several of whose members participated in the Battle ofBrooklyn, and may be buried at the Marylander site.

23

REFERENCES

ARCHIVESBrooklyn Historical SocietyBattle of Long Island, Maryland soldiers memorial collection,1869 – 1957Marylander Mass Grave Archive 2013John Robertson

BOOKSHistorical Orientation Report for Archaeological Investigation, Marylanders’ Burial Site, Brooklyn, NewYork, by the U.S. National Parks Service 1956

The Maryland 400 at the Cortelyou House, Brooklyn; TheAction and Burial Site, US National Park Service Report toCongress 21 May 1957

The Maryland 400 In The Battle Of Long Island, 1776 by Linda Davis Reno, McFarland Publishers, 2008

The Battle of Brooklyn, 1776by John J. Gallagher, Da Capo Press, 1995

The Battle of Brooklyn, August 27-29,1776A Walking Guide to Sites and Monumentsby The Old Stone House and Washington Park, 2012

Forgotten Patriots: the Untold Story of American Prison-ers during the Revolutionary Warby Edwin G. Burrows, (2008)

The Wallabout Prison-Ships, 1776- 1783Armbruster, Eugene, (1920)

Guide Book, to the Noted Places on Long Island, Histori-cal and otherwiseby Armbruster, Eugene, (1925)

Col. Atlee’s Journal of the Battle of Long Island, August26, 1776 by Samuel John. Atlee in the Pennsylvania Maga-zine of History and Biography, pp.509-516. 1879

Brooklyn’s Neglected Battle Groundby Charles M. Higgins, 1910

The Campaign of 1776 Around NewYork and Brooklyn by Henry P. Johnston, Brooklyn, 1878

Life at the Old Stone House: A History of a Farm and itsOccupants by William Parry, Brooklyn, 2000

The Battle for New York: The City at the Heart of theAmerican Revolution by Barnet Schecter, 2002.

A History of the City of Brooklyn by Henry R. Stiles, 1867

The Social History of Flatbush: Manners and Customs ofthe Dutch Settlers in Kings County by Gertrude LeffertsVanderbilt, 1881.

The Old Stone Houseby Georgia Fraser, 1909

Historic and Antiquarian Scenes in Brooklyn, by TWFields 1868

Archaeological Sensitivity Study - Gowanus CanalUSEPA / Hunter Research, James Lee, Patrick Harsh-barger, Richard Hunter, 2012

The Marylander Burial Groundby Robert Furman, 2012FILMSThe Brave Man, Directed by Joseph McCarthy, 2002Brave Man Curriculum GuideNEWSPAPER & WEB ARTICLESThe Battle of BrooklynThe Most Forlorn Military Gravesite in the NationBaltimore Sun, Frank D. Roylance, 1886Brooklyn's Unknown Soldiers: The Long, UncertainSearch for the Maryland DeadThe Phoenix, Robert E. Murphy,19981776 Graves Site Elusive In B'klynNew York Daily News, Robert Fisk, 1998Fire Sparks Focus On Rebel War GravesNew York Daily News, Bob Liff, 1998Washington Fought Here; Who Knew?; On 225th An-niversary, Battle of Brooklyn Is Little-Known ChapterNew York Times, Elliott Rebhun, 2001Urban Environmentalist NYC: Slope-Gowanus BurialGround RevealedBobgusskind.com Ruth Edebohls, 2008Two Groups To Help Lay Historic TrailDaily News, Bill Farrell, 2012A Precious Hour in American History - The Maryland400 at Long Island, Maryland Department of Veterans Affairs, Tom Milmore,2012The British Invasion… Again: The Mystery Of The Miss-ing Marylanders' GraveThe Awl, Robert Sullivan 2012Ausgegraben - Neues aus der ArchäologieLooking For Brooklyn’s Lost Marylander GraveDer Spiegel, Angelika Franz, 2012 (in German)La Bataille de Long IslandBattle of Long Island Toy solder simulation by the Bourgen Bresse Youth History Games Club (in French andEnglish)Gli Inglesi Stanno Arrivando !(The British are Coming) Battle of Long Island wargamesimulation (In Italian and English)LIDAR and Archaeological MappingLIDAR Technology:With Flyovers, a Solar Map of NewYorkNew York Times, Mireya Navarro, 2012Revolutionizing Archaeology: Flying Lasers RevealBuried Historical StructuresDer Spiegel, Markus Becker, 2012Grassroots Mapping techniques for finding MarylanderGowanus Grave SitesEymund Diegel, GEONYC 2013 Meetup

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SOLDIERS IN THE BATTLE OF BROOKLYN

This is only a partial list.

A comprehensive reviewof regimental records andcasualty lists will be partof the Marylander ParkMemorial Project

Maryland Soldiers at the Battleof Long Island, August 1776Courtesy Battle of Long IslandMemorial Committee

MARYLAND 400Major Mordecai Gist Com-manding

First CompanyJohn Hoskins Stone, CaptainDaniel Bowie, 1st Lt.John Kidd, 2nd Lt.James Ferandis, Sgt.John Mitchell, Sgt.Samuel Jones, Sgt.Charles Smith, Sgt.Thomas Simpson, CorporalWilliam Courts, CadetHenry Ridgely, CadetJames Sims, Sr., CorporalSamuel Hanson, CorporalSamuel McPherson, CorporalHenry Walworth, DrummerDennis Broderick, Fifer

PrivatesAndrew Ross LindsayAndrew Green SimsThmas NorrisIgnatius DoyglassWilliam SmootEdmund CoxWilliam WheatlyJohn BoenJohn HopsonJohn AdamsThosm. JWay ConnellJoseph CheathamJames ThompsonSamuel ThompsonJohn PlantThomas SmithJonathan ChunnGeorge ThomasJames Sims, Jer.Samuel WheatlyBernard NashJohn McPhersonClement EdelenPatrick Brady

Francis SherhardSamuel KurkFrancis Green BaggotCharles GreenCharles GriffinJohn WardRichard SheakeEdward EdelenSamuel HamiltonFranics Ware LuckettMatthew GarnerNathaniel DowiningJosias MillerJohn ShawEdward SmithJohn NorrisJoseph Jason JenkinsJames HogeJohn NealLuke Matthew SherburnSamuel LuckittJohn SkipperThomas BurrowsSamuel GrangerAlban SmithEdward Green John SmithBenjamin GrayRichard SmithJohn SmootWilliam ClarkJohn NearySamuel VermillionTruman HiltonGilbert GarlandMark McPherson

Second CompanyPatk. Sims, CaptainBenj. Ford, 1st Lt.John Burgis, CadetWalter Cox, CadetJohn Richardson, Sgt.Peter Clarke, Sgt.Edward Spurrier, Sgt.Alexius Conner, Sgt.John Beans, 2nd Lt.Henry Gaither, EnsignMichael Burgis, CorporalGazaway Watkins,CorporalJohn Elson, corporalHenry Leek, CorporalBenj. Lewis, DrummerThos. Horson, Fifer

PrivatesJonathan RobinsonJohn LindsayCoxon TalbottLawrence QueneyJames MitchellPeter GallworthBozely WrightMilburn Cox

John WileyJames AdamsHugh TomlinAmos GreenChristr. BrumbargherThomas SimpkinsElisha EveritThos ConnerJohn RusselJohn EdelinDanl. RankinsJames PerryRichard CoxJoseph StewardThomas WalshJohn WalkerChas. BurroughsPhilip JinkinsBen. BurroughsFrancis ThompsonFrancis OsbornoMichael BarnittWillm. SkipperWillm. HeyderPhilip KingRichd JohnsonJohn VeachPatrick NowlandMoses McNewJacob PennJames ByzchBen. BermillionRicd. LoweRobt. NeslonBasil RidglyMichael WaltzWillm. EvansJohn GrantPaul HagartyElias PerryVeach BurgisJacob HollandMiddleton MarlowJohn d. LanhamJohn MillsThos. PerkinsHenry LanhamEdward BlacklockJohn RoderyRobt. SappThos. DawsEdmd. CarrollEdwd. Jones

Third CompanyBarton Lucas, CaptainWm. Sterett, 1st Lt.Peter Brown, Sgt.James Burnes, Sgt.Zach. Tannahill, Sgt.Levin Will Coxen, Sgt.Saml Hamiltone, CorporalAlex, Roxburgh, 2nd Lt.

Wm Ridgely, EnsignBenedict Woodward, CorporalBenjn. Warner, CorporalZacha. Gray, CorporalGeo. Rex Leonard, DrummerJoshua Saffell, Fifer

PrivatesJohn CissellZacha TillyChrstopher BealLeonard WatkinsThomas ScottDaneil McKAyJohn BakerJohn DunnAbijah BuxtoneNathan PeakeTimothy CollinsJeremiah OwingsJoseph BarryJohn ArmstrongGeorge WrightPhhillip WellerHugh ConnRobt. LesachoJohn BrownBenjn. KellyJosias ConnallyRody HouslyJmes MurphyGeorge KnottJohn EnrightThos. MrrayWilliam PearceCharles JonesJoseah HattouRichard StoneSameul RayGeorge HamiltoneJohn FlemingJohn WoodRichard BrookesZacha. WillingRichard WadeJohn JowingsAlex. JacksonJohn MurphyJohn JacksonJohn FlintAmos AllenJohn HughesThos. ForgusonObediah SumersAbsolam StevensonJohn HalseyThos. Wi;ndonJames SmithGeorge EvaunsThoms ShannenGeorge LeadbarnMichl. CatonsJames HurdleFranics Cole

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Alex. AllenWm. BakerGarret BrinkenhoofJohn Rex LeonardBazil JenkinsBartholomew FinnRoddey OwingsGeorge ReadJames GardinerPatk. CollinsZachariah Hutchins

Sixth CompanyPeter Adams, CaptainNathl. Ewing, 1st Lt.Joseph Elliott, Sgt.Edqard Edgerly, Sgt.Thomas McKeel, Sgt.Alex. Murray, 2nd Lt.John Jordan EnsignThoms Dwyer, Sgt.Sanl Swigens, CorporalSaml. Swignes, CorporalJas. Rogan, CorporalDanl. Floyd, CorporalRobert Ross, DrummerChas. McKeel, Fifer

PrivatesThos. CooperSaml McCubbinJohn ClarkZacha. NicholsonHenry CovingtonWm LaightonWm. McDanelGeorge JacksonJohn HattonAlex. WrightJohn FloydElijah FloydMoses FloydJohn McFadonCarbry BurnJohn McClainJohn JohnsonJas. KellyWillm. McGregorThos. FisherJohn PowellJoseph PirkensJoseph BootmanHugh WallaceWillm. McDaniel IIJames BollHenry CliftWm GloverJohn BryanWm HolmsWm RayThos. LaffyJas. KirkWm. LeesonJohn LowryJohn McClain, of HarfordAlex. Fulton

Jas. CraigRobert ManPatk. QuigleyWm LockeWm. NagleJohn LynchHugh McClainJas. CarmichaelThos. WilliamsJohn KerbyJas. GibsonJno. GalwayRobt. RitchieWm AitkenHugh GalwayJohn MorrowGeo. DowlingWm. ClarkWm. TempleJohn PhelpsJames BarkelyCrisenberry Clift.

Seventh IndependentMaryland Company

Edward Veazey, Cap-tainWilliam Harrison, 1stLt.Sameul TurbuttWright,2nd Lt.Edward DeCourcy, 3rdLt.W. SandsW. NoyesI SmithS. FloyI BabbR. WhiteI LoweT. WhiteI BazilI JasperW. JohnsonJoseph MatthewsD HenselyA RyanWR McKinzieH WeatonC O'NealE Murphy

New York Times 18 August 1895Prisoners List

W OvertonJ. GreenN WhatkinsE WaterI BoonT RobinsonC BargberJ NailorT. MayhewJ. DevaunJ MattinglyT WeatonN WakinsP LawlessG LeechI MeekW SowebJ ConneryR EldwoodI PopeI ManyjorsJ YatorD KellissM PadgetE EdwardsI HarperJ OarmT HamiltonN O'NealF MichelI NottinghamW KemickC RichardsonT GordonI AshtonJ KoyBurgess Howard___ WattsJoseph AnglainEdw James MurphyJohn Carr

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28

Pensive on Her Dead Gazingby Walt Whitman (1819-1892)

Pensive on her dead gazing I heard the Mother of All,Desperate on the torn bodies, on the forms covering the battlefields gazing,

(As the last gun ceased, but the scent of the powder-smoke linger'd,)As she call'd to her earth with mournful voice while she stalk'd,Absorb them well O my earth, she cried, I charge you lose not mysons, lose not an atom,

And you streams absorb them well, taking their dear blood,And you local spots, and you airs that swim above lightly impalpable,And all you essences of soil and growth, and you my rivers' depths,And you mountain sides, and the woods where my dear children'sblood trickling redden'd,

And you trees down in your roots to bequeath to all future trees,My dead absorb or South or North--my young men's bodies absorb,and their precious precious blood,Which holding in trust for me faithfully back again give me many ayear hence,

In unseen essence and odor of surface and grass, centuries hence,In blowing airs from the fields back again give me my darlings, givemy immortal heroes,

Exhale me them centuries hence, breathe me their breath, let not anatom be lost,

O years and graves! O air and soil! O my dead, an aroma sweet!Exhale them perennial sweet death, years, centuries hence.

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It is entirely possible that ground penetratingradar and archaeological excavations of theMarylander site find nothing.

However, as the sole remaining ground thathas remained unchanged from the ravages ofhill cutting and valley filling, the new Park siteshould then remain as a symbol of the constancy of memory – that the soldierswho gave their life for America mattered.

Old and New - The Connection Fred Plaut, 1955 “The Family of Man” The Museum of Modern Art, New York

30

Balloon Observation from the childrens book“Rambles in Lands of Fact and Fancy”, by Frank R Stockton, 1910

Public Lab provides Citizen Technology to makelocal ideas come true.

To find out more how Public Lab can supportyour community project visit:www.publiclab.org

The Marylander Memorial Committee of theBrooklyn Preservation Council is made up ofEymund Diegel, Bob Furman, Holly Fuchs,Kathryn Krase and Buddy Salvatore Scotto.

Research work and advice that went into thisproposal stemmed from many invaluablecommunity resources, in particular:

The Gowanus Canal Conservancywww.gowanuscanalconservancy.org

Proteus Gowanushttp://proteusgowanus.org/

The Old Stone Housewww.theoldstonehouse.org

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Appendix 1

PROPOSED PARK SITE LOT DESCRIPTIONS & POTENTIAL FUTURE STUDY SITES

Based on the latest historical findings, the proposedMarylander Park and archaeological site will be madeup of of one key parcels and a potentially 2 other futurestudy parcels:

PRINCIPAL PARCEL UNDER CONSIDERATION

Site 1: The Marylander Hill Park Site

170 8th Street, Brooklyn Brooklyn Block 1003 Lot 11

alternate addresses: 197 to 201 9th Street.

Size:13,500 feet square, 75 feet x 180 feet vacant lot

Ownership: Derby Textile Corp / the Fried Family

Estimated NYC Dept of Finance land value : $1,620,000Estimated market value: $4,750,000

Former Use: Knitting Mill, Chemical Factory, CemeteryZoning: Residential Vacant Land R6A, R6B

Proposed Use: Memorial Park and playground

Depending on results of archaeological survey, two othersites have been flagged for being of potential historicaland logistical interest.

Any proposals developed for these sites would beentirely driven by the current property owners’ interests.

Study Area Site 2

193 9th Street, Brooklyn

Brooklyn Block 1003 Lot 64

American Legion / Rawley Veterans Post 1636 ParkingLot

Size:Total for Veterans lot: 40.75 x 180 feet, or 7335 ft 2,4278 ft 2 for parking lot (40.75 x 105 feet)

Ownership: MA Rawley Junior Veterans Post

Estimated Value: $919,671 (NYCDOF), lot plus building)(not market value)

Study Area Site 2 (continued)

Former Use: Church, Cemetery

Zoning: Commercial, C2-4

Reason for interest:Should archaeological study of Site 1 find RevolutionaryWar burial relics, study of historical maps indicate possi-bility that graves as described by Wildhack sketchescould have extended across Veterans Parking Lot. Sucharchaeological findings would also trigger further sitestudies of lots on opposite side of 9th street near sub-way bridge, based on studies by William J. Parry.

Proposed Use under study:To be determined. Currently parking for Veterans Post. IfPark is developed, discussions and study would be initi-ated with current owners as to how they would like theirexisting commemorative structures to be integrated withthe new Park design. This could include redesign of lotto facilitate periodic school bus access for student tourgroups and commemorative activities.

Study Area Site 3

203 9th Street, Brooklyn

Brooklyn Block 1003 Lot 59,

A one story 4,545 industrial building (50.5 x 90 ft)

Ownership: 203 9th Street Associates

Current Use: Parking Zoning: R6A

Estimated NYC Dept of Finance land value : $1,000,878(not market value)

Reason for interest:Park Maintenance support facility, Museum, IndustrialHistory or Cultural Community Center, potentially ar-chaeologically sensitive site.

Proposed Use under study: Environmental Stewardship Center for local groups suchas the Gowanus Canal Conservancy, Gowanus Allianceand other local community groups as part of MarylanderPark Maintenance Plan.

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Appendix 2

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT BUDGET: MARYLANDER MEMORIAL PARK

Costs: Preliminary Rough Estimate: $ 6.5 Million

1. Land Acquisition: 13,500 Sq. ft.170 Eighth Street (191-201 Ninth Street)based on prevailing area rates of $350/sq.ft) (1)

$4,750.000

2. Archaeological Study (2) $47,400

3. Concrete Removal $50,0004. Construction Costs (3) $1,350,000NYS/NYC5. Overhead Charge (@ 20%) (4) $280,000

Total $6,477,400

Total New York State / NYC Costs $1,727.400

Footnotes

1. Additional property may be added.

2. Preliminary examination. Courtesy of Chrysalis Ar-chaeology. Discovery of human remains will require anadditional complex study along with decisions aboutdisposition and possible relocation.

3. Estimated at $100.00/sq.ft. as per 2nd Street SpongePark construction costs.

4. Rough budget estimate for a Marylander Park Planning Commission made up of stakeholders fordesign, planning and construction management

Projected Funding Source:

Commonwealth of Maryland

New York City / New York State

New York City / New York StateNew York City / New York State

New York City / New York State

Maryland / NYS / NYC

New York City / New York State

33

Appendix 3

DESCRIPTION OF TYPICAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION TASKSTask Descriptions of a typical Archaeological Investigation process were provided by Chrysalis Archaeological Consultants and are provided for discussion and estimate purposes only.

Remains of a soldiers mass grave being excavated in Lutzen Germany. This lost grave contains some of the 6000casualties of the 1632 Battle of Lutzen, a conflict of Europe’s 30 Year War. Soldiers and mercenaries fromScotland, England, Croatia, Germany, Austria, Finland and Sweden all fought in the battle.The bodies were discovered next to a supermarket in 2011.

Clues to the Thirty Years War: Mass Grave Begins Revealing Soldiers’ Secrets, by Christoph Seidler, Der Spiegel

New York Rhode Island 4110 Quentin Road One Richmond Square – Suite 121F Brooklyn, NY 11234-4322 Providence, RI 02906-5139 Phone: 718.645.3962 Phone: 401.499.4354

info@chrysalisarchaeology.com www.chrysalisarchaeology.com

August 2013

Re: Proposal - Phase IB –Archaeological Testing for the potential Marylander Burial Site

Thank you for requesting a Phase IB – Archaeological Testing Proposal for the property between

8th and 9th Avenue and 3rd Avenue and 4th Avenue in the Gowanus section of Brooklyn, Kings

County, New York and the potential Marylander Burial Site.

Chrysalis is a fully licensed and insured, certified Small, Disadvantaged Woman-Owned

Business (DBE/WBE) within the City and State of New York. Chrysalis is listed on the

approved list of Cultural Resource Management (CRM) firms for the New York State Office of

Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (NY SHPO) and the City of New York - Landmarks

Preservation Commission (LPC) and meets all the requirements of the Secretary of the Interior's

Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation, 1983 (48 FR 44716) as

amended. Our principals are all members of the Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA).

The purpose of Phase IB Archaeological Testing is to determine if any significant physical or

cultural remains are present, in this instance of the Marylander Burial’s Site, and/or to uncover

evidence if the burials had been located within the site at some time in the past.

All work will be conducted in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA)

of 1966, as amended, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation’s “Protection of Historic

and Cultural Properties” (36 CFR 800), the New York State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA),

New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (NY SHPO) guidelines

(New York Archaeological Council [NYAC] 1994; 2000; 2002), and the (New York) City

Environmental Quality Review Act (CEQRA) regulations regarding archaeological

investigations and that may, potentially, involve human remains.

The following tasks will be required and are considered part of this Scope of Work (SOW):

1. Review available documentation and mapping resources

2. Develop an Archaeological Testing and Human Remains Plan

3. Archaeological Testing

4. Potential Laboratory Analysis for any recovered material remains

5. Writing and Production, a Draft and Final Report

6. Additional Cultural Resource Management related tasks dependent on the results

associated with the testing

Field Work/Personnel:

Alyssa Loorya, M.A., MPhil., R.P.A., President, will serve as the Principal Investigator.

Christopher Ricciardi, Ph.D., R.P.A., will serve as the Project Manager. Our Field Directors and

Technicians have several years of experience within the region and are either R.P.A. or R.P.A.

Certifiable.

Principal Investigator: Alyssa Loorya, M.A, MPhil., R.P.A.

Project Manager: Christopher Ricciardi, Ph.D., R.P.A.

Field Director: Anthony McNichol, M.A., R.P.A.

Lab Director: Eileen Kao

Field Technician(s): Staff (as required)

Chrysalis has the following on call specialists: Dr. Sophia Perdikaris and Matthew Brown, M.A.,

MPhil., Physical/Forensic Anthropologist; Meta Janowitz, Ph.D. and Mara Katkins, M.A.,

Material Culture and Gary McGowan, M.A., Conservator.

Due to the nature of this project, certain assumptions are being made as part of this proposal. If

these assumptions are incorrect, or circumstances change, the proposal may require revisions to

reflect the new information.

Assumption 01: The site will be prepped and “ready” for the archaeologists to conduct the

Phase IB Field Testing. The test areas will have the concrete and/or asphalt already removed

from site or placed in an area where testing will not occur. Chrysalis, working in conjunction

with the larger project will identify test areas and provide a map of these areas to facilitate

surface removals. Surface removal will be undertaken by a contractor hired by the project.

Assumption 02: It is estimated that several feet of land fill are on this property and will

require removal before archaeological testing of historic soils can occur. The project will

arrange for the mechanical removal of these materials. Chrysalis will monitor their removal.

Assumption 03: The exposed site will be shored or sloped per OSHA regulations to ensure

a safe excavation area. It is assumed that the contractor hired to remove the concrete and land

fill will also complete this task.

Assumption 04: The use of a Geo-Archaeologist, if engaged by this project, will have

completed their work prior to commencement of soil removals and the Phase IB Field Test. A

Geo-Archaeologist can help determine the amount of the land fill prior to excavation. Chrysalis

can arrange for these services, if requested.

Assumption 05: Any in situ complete, partial or fragmentary human remains and/or

disturbed human remains uncovered, will not be removed from site during the Phase IB Test. In

the event of such a discovery, a Human Remains Testing Protocol, to be developed by Chrysalis,

will be enacted.

Assumption 06: Field work will require approximately, or up to, two weeks (10 days).

Aside from the Principal Investigator the fieldwork will include a Field Director and up to three

Field Technicians.

Field Work:

Field Work will include the gridding of the property, excavating in a checkered pattern

throughout the grid in 2x2 meter squared trenches to expose the stratigraphic levels of the soil.

All soils will be screened and materials kept for laboratory analysis.

Any potential human remain(s) will be treated following the Human Remains Protocol

developed by Chrysalis.

Reporting:

Chrysalis will prepare draft and final versions of the Phase IB Archaeological Testing Plan and

IB Testing Report. All comments on the draft report will be addressed prior to the finalization of

the final report.

If artifacts are recovered, they are the property of the property owner and will be returned to said

owner upon completion of the project. The artifacts will be bagged, recorded and placed in

archival storage boxes.

Schedule:

Chrysalis is prepared to begin the project within two weeks of the Notice To Proceed/Project

Kick-Off Meeting.

If you have any questions with regard to this proposal please contact me at the number(s) listed.

For your records, I am attaching a copy of Chrysalis’ Small, Disadvantaged, Woman-Owned

Business certificates (DBE/WBE) for the City and State of New York (Appendix A) and my

current resume (Appendix B).

Once again, thank you for the opportunity to submit this proposal and we look forward to

working with you on this project.

Sincerely,

Alyssa Loorya, M.A., MPhil., R.P.A.

President